英语语法

英语语法 崔荣容 讲师

第一讲 语序和五种基本句式

He learns English every day. 他每天学英语。 英语五种基本句式

基本句式一：S V （主＋谓） 基本句式二：S V P （主＋系＋表） 基本句式三：S V O （主＋谓＋宾） 基本句式四：S V O O （主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） 基本句式五：S V O C （主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） 练习：

句式１：Subject（主语）+ Verb（谓语） The universe remains. 宇宙长存。

句式2：S（主语）+L。V（系动词）+P（表语） The food is delicious. 这个食物很好吃。

句式3：Subject（主语）+Verb（谓语）+Object（宾语） He took his bag and left. 他拿着书包离开了。

句式4：S（主语）+ V（谓语）+I.o（间接宾语）+D.o（直接宾语） Her father bought her a dictionary. 她爸爸给她买了一本词典。 句式5：Subject（主语）+ Verb（谓语）+O（宾语）+C（补语） We made him our monitor. 我们选他当班长。 第二讲 be动词的形式和用法

Be动词的形式：一共有八种形式be, is, am,are, was, were, being,been 1.The man is back. 2.They are back. 3.He was back. 4.They were back.

5.They have been back.

Be动词的用法 后面接名词、形容词、地点副词或短语 1.The man is a teacher.

2.Mary’s new dresses are colorful. 3.My mother was in the in kchen. Be动词的练习

1.他们是老师。They are teachers.

2.他以前是一名老师。He was a teacher before

3.他已经当了3年的老师。He has been a teacher for 3 years. 第三讲 Be动词的否定/提问/回答

Be动词的否定 在am,is,are,was,were后面加not. 缩略式am not, isn’t,aren’t,wasn’t, weren’t 1.The man isn’t back. 2.I am not back. 3.They aren’t back.

4.He wasn’t back. 5.They weren’t back. 使用be动词提问和回答

-Is he a teacher? -Yes, he is/No, he isn’t. -Are you a teacher? -Yes, I am./No, I am not.

-Were they teacher? -Yes, they were./No, they weren’t. Be动词的练习 1.他是医生吗？

Is he a doctor? No,he isn’t 2.他们昨天在教师吗？

Were they in the classroom yesterday? Yes, they were 3.他们昨天不在教室。

They weren’t in the classroom yesterday. 第四讲 代词的主格代词和宾格

主格代词：I, he , shi, it, you, we, they 1.He likes me. 2.We like her. 3.I like them. 练习

1.我喜欢它。I like it.

2.他们认识他。They know him. 第五讲 名词性/形容词性物主代词 形容词性物主代词：

单数形式：my, your, his/her/its, one’s 复数形式：our, your, their 1. This is is my book.

2. We love our motherland. 3. Those are your socks. 名词性物主代词

单数形式：mine, yours, his/hers/its, one’s 复数形式：ours, yours, theirs 1. The book is ours. 2. The apple is hers. 练习

1. 我的老师是中国人。My teacher is Chinese. 2. 这个电脑是他们的。This computer is theirs. 3. 我们的书在书架上。Our book is on the shelf.

主格 宾格 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代 I me my mine He him his his Shi her her hers It it its its You you your yours We us our ours

They them their theirs 第六讲 反身代词 反身代词

Myself yourselves Youself ourselves Herself theyselves Himself Isself

反身代词用法

1. Please help yourself to some fish. 2. We enjoyed ourselves last night. 3. The thing itself is not important 练习

1. Thake good care of (yourself). 2. Sht gained control of (herself). 第七讲 实意动词的特性

实意动词Come read go watch play fly 1. He comes from Shenyang. 2. She is reading story books.

3. They went to America yesterday.

4. We have watched the game for three times. 5. My mother will fly back to China next month. 练习

1. 他昨天来上海了。He came to Shanghai yesterday. 2. 我们正在写作业。We are writing homework.

3. 他们读这本书已经读3遍了They have read this book three times. 第八讲 实意动词的否定/提问/回答

实用助动词进行否定 在助动词do dose did后面加not do not /don’t does not/ doesn’t did not /didn’t

1. I don’t go tu school by bus. 2. She doesn’t watch TV everyday. 3. They didn’t swim last night. 实用助动词进行提问：

1. He often plays golf. Does he often play golf? Yes, he does./ No, he doesn’t.

2. They goto school bu bus. Do they go to school bu bus? Yes, they do./ No, they don’t

3. Sam had breskfast yesterday. Did Sam have reakfast yesterday? Yes, he did,/ No, he didn’t. 练习

1. –他没退都学英语吗？does he learn English everyday? 是的，他们每天都学英语。Yes, he

does.

2. Tom昨天没吃早饭。Tom didn’t have breakfast yes terday. 第九讲 实用疑问词进行提问和回答（1）

实用疑问词进行提问 when, where, who, what, how

He bought three books yesterday. 1 2 3

1. Who bought three books yesterday? 2. What did he buy yesterday? 3. When did he buy three books? 练习

They wanted to go to Shanghai by air. 1 2 3

1. Who wanted to go to shanghai by air? 2. Where did they want to go by air? 3. How did they want to go to Shanghai? 第十讲 实用疑问词进行提问和回答（2）

使用疑问词进行提问：how long, how far, how often, why. 1. They have been in China for three yesrs. How log have they been in China?

2. It is about 4 kilometers from Beijing to Xi’an? How far is it from Beijing to Xi’an? 3. They come to visit me once a week. How often do they come to visit me? 4. She came late, because she missed. Why did she come late? 练习

1. 他们学汉语多长时间了？

How long have they learned English. 2. 你多长时间看一次电影？

How often do you watch movies? 3. 你的家离学校多远？

How far is it from your house to your school?

第十一讲 名词 名词 代表事物的词

1. 可数名词 直数得过来的名词 apple pencil student

2. 不可数名词 salt盐 coffee咖啡 water历史 history love爱情 可数名词有单数和复数之分

Apple-apples pencil-pencils tomato-tomatoes 不可数名词物复数，只用单数表征。 Salt-salt coffee-coffee water-water 名词变复数规则：

1. 一般末尾加上后缀-s friend-friends

2. 以s, z, x, ch, sh结尾的词，在该词末尾加上后缀-es bus-buses 3. 辅音字母y结尾的名词，将y改变为I,再加-es candy-candies 4. 以-o结尾的名词，如果不是外来词或缩写，就加-es tomato-tomatoes hippo-hippos 缩写加

s

可数名词前可加a(an)或量词

Apple – an apple – apples – a box of apples 一包苹果 Tomato – a tomato - matoes – a bab of tomatoes

不可数名词前不可加a(an),没有复数，但前面可以加量词。 Coffee – a cup of coffee 练习：

He bought me (a box of chcolate) 一盒巧克力 （a bike）一辆自行车 第十二讲 代词：指示代词和不定代词

指示代词：标识人或事物的代词。用来代替前面已提到过的名词。 this(these), that(those) This is his book.

Those apples were his.

不定代词：直代不确定的人或事物。

常用的指示代词：one, the other, some, any, something, nothing. 不定代词：

No one knows where he is.

Some of the boys want to go to

Shanghai, but the others want to go to Xi’an. Each of the students has got a book. 练习：

1. (These) teachers are from china.这些教师都是从中国来的。 2. I know (nothing)about this person. 我对这个人一无所知。 3. I have (something) to tell you.我有事要告诉你。 第十三讲 形容词

(1) 形容词通常形容人或事物的状态，行政，大小等，通常用着名词前，be动词后。 Beautiful –the bearuiful girl The girl is beautiful. The old need more care than the young 练习：

1. Shi is a (good) student. 她是一个好学生。 2. This bike is (wxpansive) . 这辆自行车很贵。

3. (The rich) sometimes complain their empty life. 富人有时抱怨他们空虚的生活。 第十四讲 副词

第十五讲 不定量表达法（1）

第十来讲 不定量表达法（2）

第十七讲 不定量表达法（3）

第十八讲 There/Here be句型

第十九讲 一般现在时和现在进行时

第二十讲 一般过去时和过去进行时

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