自考《英语二》2012出版最新讲义第三章

Unit 3 Friendship and Loyalty

A Famous Quote Betraying a trust is a very quick and painful way to terminate a friendship. ——Ralph Waldo Emerson 背信弃义会使人迅速而痛苦地断送友谊。

——拉尔夫·沃尔多·艾默生

Text A New words

reflection n.your written or spoken thoughts about a particular subject or topic （关于某主题的）思考，回忆

loyalty n.the quality of being faithful in your support of somebody/something 忠诚；忠实；忠心耿耿 recognize v.to admit or to be aware that something exists or is true 承认；意识到

betray v.to hurt somebody who trusts you, especially by not being loyal or faithful to them 辜负；对??不忠

indeed adv.used to add information to a statement 其实；实际上

virtue n.behavior or attitude that show high moral standards 高尚的道德；正直的品性；德行

trend n.a general direction in which a situation is changing or developing 趋势；趋向；动态；动向 befriend v.to become a friend of somebody, especially somebody who needs your help 做（尤指需要帮助者的）朋友；友善相待

request v.to ask for something or ask somebody to do something in a police or formal way （礼貌或正式地）请求，要求

trendy adj.very fashionable 时髦的；赶时髦的

multitude n.an extremely large number of things or people 众多；大量 mutual n.shared by two or more people 共有的；共同的

term n.a word or phrase used as the name of something, especially one connected with a particular type of language 词语；术语；措辞

site n.a place on the Internet where a company, an organization, a university, etc.puts information 网站；站点

acronym n.a word formed from the first letters of the words that make up the name of something 首字母缩略词

perish v.to be lost or destroyed 丧失；湮灭；毁灭

thought n.something that you think of or remember 想法；看法；主意；记忆 gossip n.a conversation about other people and their private lives 流言蜚语

challenge v.to test somebody's ability and skills, especially in an interesting way 考查??的能力；考验??的技巧

akin n.similar to 相似的；类似的

deposit n.a sum of money that is paid into a bank account 存款

account n.an arrangement that somebody has with a bank, etc.to keep money there, take some out, etc.账户

interest n.the extra money that you pay back when you borrow money or that you receive when you invest money 利息

well-being n.general health and happiness 健康；安乐；康乐

welfare n.the general health, happiness and safety of a person, an animal or a group （个人或群体的）

幸福，安全与健康

essence n.the most important quality or feature of something, that makes it what it is 本质；实质；精髓

seek v.to look for something somebody 寻找

notoriety n.fame for being bad in some way 恶名；坏名声

premise n. a statement or an idea that forms the basis for a reasonable line of argument 前提；假定 exploit v.to treat a person or situation as an opportunity to gain an advantage for yourself 利用（ ??为自己谋利）

reconnect v.to connect somebody again 再联系；再联络

virtual adj.made to appear to exist by the use of computer software, for example on the internet （通过计算机软件，如在因特网上）模拟的，虚拟的 assure v.to tell somebody that something is definitely true or is definitely going to happen, especially when they have doubts about it 使确信；向??保证

caution n.a warning or a piece of advice about a possible danger or risk 警告；告诫 lyric n.the words of a song 歌词

undisputed adj.that cannot be questioned or proved to be false; that cannot be disputed 不容置疑的；毫无疑问的；不可争辩的

generation n.all the people who were born at about the same time （统称）一代人，同代人，同辈人 Phrases and Expressions

stick by to be loyal to a person and support them, especially in a difficult situation 坚持忠于；不离不弃（某人）

through thick and thin in spite of any difficulties or problems 不畏艰难睑阻 lead to to have something as a result导致，造成（后果）

a multitude of an extremely large number of （things or people）众多的；大量的

perish the thought used to say that you find a suggestion unacceptable or that you hope that something will never happen 甭想了；但愿不会如此

engage in to take part in something; to make somebody take part in something （使）从事，参加

in essence used when talking about the most basic and important part of something relating to the most important characteristics or ideas of something 本质上

assure?of? to make somebody certain about something 使放心；向??保证 pay attention to to take any notice of 注意 warn?of? to tell somebody about something, especially something dangerous or unpleasant that is likely to happen, so that they can avoid it 警告某人某事 重点词汇

loyalty n.the quality of being faithful in your support of somebody/something 忠诚；忠实；忠心耿耿 eg: We all have a loyalty to the company.我们对公司都有效忠的义务。 衍生

loyal adj.true and faithful 忠诚的；忠贞的 用法：~to sb./sth.

eg: remain loyal to one's principles 信守自己的原则

befriend v.to become a friend of somebody, especially somebody who needs your help 做朋友；友善相待 eg: They befriended the young girl, providing her with food and shelter.他们热心地照顾这个年轻的姑娘，给她吃的﹑ 给她住处。 构词 be- 改变词性的前缀

加在名词或形容词前，构成及物动词

friend n. 朋友 → befriend v.友好对待 calm n.镇静 → becalm v. 使镇静 head n. 头 → behead v. 砍头

little adj.小的 → belittle v. 轻视；贬低

notoriety n.fame for being bad in some way 恶名；坏名声

eg: His crimes earned him considerable notoriety.他因犯罪而声名狼藉。 衍生

notorious adj.（derog.贬）well-known for some bad quality, deed, etc.臭名昭着的；声名狼藉的 用法：~for/as sth.

eg: a notorious criminal/area 天怒人怨的罪犯/地区

She's notorious for her wild behaviour.她因行为野蛮而知名。 相近词

fame n.being known or talked about by many people 名声；名气

eg: The young musician rose quickly to fame.那个年轻的音乐家很快就出了名。 famous adj. known to very many people; celebrated 出名的；著名的 eg: New York is famous for its skyscrapers.纽约以其摩天大楼驰名。 well-known adj.known by a lot of people 著名的

eg: Paris is well-known for its rich culture.巴黎以其丰富的文化而著名。 exploit v.to treat a person or situation as an opportunity to gain an advantage for yourself 利用（ ??为自己谋利）

eg: They exploited her generosity shamelessly.他们无耻地利用了她的慷慨。 其他词义

use, work or develop fully （esp.mines and other natural resources）利用或开发（尤指矿藏和其他自然资源）

eg: exploit oil reserves, water power, solar energy, etc. 开发石油资源、开发水利资源、利用太阳能等 衍生

exploitable adj.that can be exploited 可利用的；可开发的 eg: few exploitable coal-mines 少量可开采的煤矿

exploitation n.exploiting or being exploited 利用；开发 eg: full exploitation of oil wells 充分利用油井资源

generation n. all the people who were born at about the same time （统称）一代人，同代人，同辈人 eg: experience handed down from generation to generation 世代相传的经验 其他词义 产生；发生

eg: the generation of electricity by steam or water-power 蒸汽或水力发电 衍生

generate v. cause （sth.）to exist or occur; produce 使（某物）存在或发生；产生 eg: generate heat, electricity, power, etc.产生热﹑电﹑动力等 hatred generated by racial prejudice 种族偏见引起的仇恨 Text A

Reflections: Friendship and Loyalty P1

How many of us recognize true loyalty in a friend? Loyalty consists of a friend, who will stick by you, through thick and thin.A friend who is always honest with you and never betrays the friendship with lies

is a loyal friend.If you have a loyal friend, you have indeed found a true virtue in that friend. P2

The current trend on the Internet is befriending anyone who requests to be your friend.However, this new trend may lead to disasters.It may be popular and trendy to have a network filled with a multitude of mutual friends.However, one true loyal friend may be the only friend you need. P3 A term used on the popular Facebook site is B.F.F.This acronym means best friends forever.Are they really your best friends forever? You might ask yourself this question, \others on the pages of Facebook, or perish the thought, engage in gossip about me with others?\If the answer to that is, \for a day. P4

I choose to have a B.L.F., a best loyal friend, for those of you who may be challenged by the use of acronyms during this age of technology and fast-talking. P5

Loyalty found in a friend is akin to making a deposit in a bank account.More often than not, your deposits gain interest, an interest in your well-being and welfare.A loyal friend attracts another loyal friend.In essence, water does seek its own level. P6

If you were a B.L.F.way before Facebook gained notoriety, then I'm sure you understand the premise of loyalty in a friend.You should never exploit your B.L.F.to gain more friends or make yourself seem more important to others.These are not the traits of a best loyal friend. P7

A best loyal friend does not care who is invited to your party.They will attend your party and celebrate you, just in the way a best loyal friend should do. P8

Reconnecting with a best loyal friend is easier to do on the pages of Facebook.However, a virtual friend does not assure you of his loyalty.My caution to you is that you'd better pay attention to the smiling faces on the Facebook pages.In the eighties we were warned of smiling faces in a song, which contained these lyrics, \A smile is just a frown turned upside down, my friend.\Now, that is the undisputed truth for my generation. 链接：关于友谊的英语句子和诗歌

To preserve a friend three things are required: to honor him present, praise him absent, and assist him in his necessities.

维持友谊需要三点：当面尊重他，背后赞扬他，需要时帮助他。 Friendship Is Like the Breeze by Terri Fanning

Friendship is like the breeze， You can't hold it， Smell it， Taste it，

Or know when it's coming， But you can always feel it，

And you'll always know it's there， It may come and then go，

But you can know it'll always be back. 友谊如微风 特里·范宁

友谊如和煦的微风， 你握不住它， 闻不到它， 尝不到它，

无法知道它何时光临， 不过你总能感觉到它， 而且总能意识到它的存在， 它可能会来了而又走开， 但你知道它总会回来。 Exercises

I Check Your Comprehension

1.According to the passage, what is the new trend on the Internet? A）To make friends with anybody.

B）To get reconnected with old friends. C）To search friends' private matters. D）To see loyal Net-friends.

[答疑编号506430030301：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】A

【答案解析】本题考查的是文章中提到的互联网上的一个新趋势，我们从文章第2段第一句 可以得到答案，即目前互联网上有一个趋势，你可以与任何一个请求加你为朋友的人做朋友。因此A为正确答案。答案为A。

2.In the passage, loyalty in a friend is compared to_______ . A）interest gained from deposits B）making deposits in one's account C）a person's total welfare D）a best friend's well-being

[答疑编号506430030302：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】B

【答案解析】本题问的是文章中把朋友间的忠诚比喻成什么，本文第5段首句给出了答案，

即一个朋友的忠诚度与在银行账户里存款相类似。因此B选项正确。答案为B。

3.As a B.L.F, you cannot _________ .

A）avoid gossiping about friends B）take advantage of friends C）invite others to your party D）seek loyalty in best friends

[答疑编号506430030303：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】B

【答案解析】本题是对B.L.F 的深入查考，解答本题需要归纳阅读文章第6、7段，第6段 第2句提到，You should never exploit your B.L.F to...，即你永远不能利用你的最忠诚的朋友，由此我们可以得出B项说法错误，答案为B。

4.In the last paragraph, the author suggests that readers______. A）be alert to smiling faces on the web pages B）reconnect with former loyal friends C）recall meaningful lyrics in old songs D）pay attention to smiles on friends' faces [答疑编号506430030304：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】A

【答案解析】本题考查文章中作者对读者的建议。我们从最后一段第3句话可以得出答案， 即我的告诫就是你要对Facebook网站上的笑脸表情多加注意；因此A选项为正确答案。答案为A。

5.What is the passage mainly about?

A）The trend of making friends on the Internet. B）The reflections on friends and loyalty. C）The introduction of a friendmaking website. D）The contrast between B.F.F and B.L.F. [答疑编号506430030305：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】B

【答案解析】本题是主旨归纳题，考查学生对文章大意的掌握。一般来说，主旨暗藏在文章 标题、首段或者最后自然段中，具体到本文，文章主旨即是本文的标题。因此B项正确。答案为B。

IV Translation. Section A

1.Even in prison, he _________________________ （继续从事犯罪活动）.（engage in） [答疑编号506430030306：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】continued to engage in criminal activities

【答案解析】本题着重考查对固定搭配的掌握。“继续”译为continue to ；“从事”译为 engage in ；“犯罪活动”译为criminal activity。答案为continued to engage in criminal activities。

2.People should read the related regulations before they _______________________（在开采自然资源之前）.（exploit）

[答疑编号506430030307：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】before they exploit natural resources

【答案解析】句子陈述的是一般客观事实，因此空格处的时态应用一般现在时。exploit 是 及物动词，后面可以直接接名词词组natural resources（自然资源）。答案为before they exploit natural resources.

3.You ____________________________ （必须申请获准）if you want to take any photographs.（request） [答疑编号506430030308：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】you must request for approval

【答案解析】本题考查if引导的条件状语从句的用法。从句是一般现在时态，主句则应该是

祈使句或一般将来时态。答案为you must request for approval。

4.She felt rather guilty for she _________________（辜负了父母对她的信任）.（betray） [答疑编号506430030309：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】betrayed the trust of her parents

【答案解析】前半句用的是一般过去时态，因此根据前后一致的原则，空格处应用betray 的

一般过去式betrayed。答案为betrayed the trust of her parents。

5.Such a mistake would perhaps _______________ （导致严重的后果）.（lead to） [答疑编号506430030310：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】lead to severe consequences

【答案解析】空格处的词在情态动词would 后面，因此应使用原形lead to ，严重后果译为

severe consequences 。答案为lead to severe consequences。

Section B It's so easy to take good friends for granted.Like a comfortable pair of gloves, old friends wear well.But friendships that suffer from busyness and over-familiarity can't afford to be neglected too long.They need renewal.If you want and need to keep true friendship alive and well, please, consider and think over a list of the most important qualities.Probably it will help you to understand why you and your best friend haven't called up for ages, why you're getting embarrassed while being asked \this weekend ? \You may neglect your intimate friends from time to time, but if you fail to cultivate these qualities — loyalty, forgiveness, honesty, and dedication — you can't expect to keep true friends. [答疑编号506430030311：针对该题提问]

【参考译文】把好朋友当作是理所当然的是如此容易。老朋友就像一副舒服的手套，戴着最顺手。但是友谊经不起因忙碌或过于顾家而被忽视太久。他们需要重建。如果你想要且需要保持一段真挚的友情长存，请仔细地再三考虑一下有关最重要的品质的列表。也许它会帮助你来理解为什么你和你最好的朋友几年了都没有打过电话，为什么当你被问到“这周末你打

算和谁一起玩？”时，你会感到尴尬。你可能时不时的忽略了你的亲密的朋友，但是如果你没能培养好这些品质——忠诚，宽怒，诚实，以及奉献精神——你将不大可能维持住真正的朋友。

Text B New Words

tribute n. an act, a statement or a gift that is intended to show your respect or admiration, especially for a dead person （尤指对死者的）致敬；悼念；吊唁礼物

rear v.to care for young children or animals until they are fully grown 抚养；养育；培养

ungrateful adj.not showing or expressing thanks for something that somebody has done for you or given to you 不领情的；忘恩负义的

traitor n.a person who gives away secrets about their friends, their country, etc.背叛者；叛徒；卖国贼

faith n. trust in somebody's ability or knowledge; trust that somebody/something will do what has been promised 信任；相信；信心

reputation n.the opinion that people have about what somebody/something is like, based on what has happened in the past 名誉；名声

prone adj. likely to suffer from something or to do something bad 易于发生某事的；很可能?的 malice n. a feeling of hatred for somebody that causes a desire to harm them 恶意；怨恨 settle v. to put something carefully in a position so that it does not move 把?放好；安放 absolute adj. definite and without any doubt or confusion 肯定的；无疑的；明确的

unselfish adj. giving more time or importance to other people's needs, wishes, etc.than to your own 无私的；忘我的；不谋私利的

selfish adj.caring only about yourself rather than about other people 自私的 desert v.to leave somebody without help or support 抛弃，离弃，遗弃（某人）

treacherous adj. that cannot be trusted; intending to harm you 不可信任的；背叛的；奸诈的 prosperity n.the state of being successful, especially in making money 兴旺；繁荣；成功；昌盛 poverty n.the state of being poor 贫穷；贫困 sickness n.illness; bad health 疾病；不健康

wintry adj. typical of winter; cold 冬天的；寒冷的 fiercely adv.in a physically fierce manner 猛烈地

lick v.to move your tongue over the surface of something in order to eat it, make it wet or clean it 舔

sore n.a painful, often red, place on your body where there is a wound or an infection 痛处；伤处；疮

wound n. mental or emotional pain caused by something unpleasant that has been said or done to you （心灵上的）伤，创伤

roughness n.difficult and unpleasant conditions 艰辛；艰难

guard v.to protect property, places or people from attack or danger 警卫；守卫；保卫 pauper n.a very poor person 穷人；贫民；乞丐

constant adj. that does not change 不变的；固定的；恒定的

journey n.an act of travelling from one place to another, especially, when they are far apart （尤指长途）旅行，行程

heaven n.the heavens [p1.] the sky 天空

outcast n.a person who is not accepted by other people and who sometimes has to leave their home and friends 被抛弃者；被排斥者

friendless adj.without any friends 没有朋友的 homeless adj.having no home 无家的

faithful adj. staying with or supporting a particular person, organization or belief 忠实的，忠诚的 privilege n.a special right or advantage that a particular person or group of people has 特殊利益；优惠待遇

accompany v. to travel or go somewhere with somebody 陪同；陪伴

scene n. an event or a situation that you see, especially one of a particular type 事件；场面；情景 embrace n.the action of putting your arms around somebody as a sign of love and friendship 拥抱 pursue v.to do something or try to achieve something over a period of time 追求；致力于 paw n.the foot of an animal that has claws or nails （动物的）爪

alert adj. able to think quickly; quick to notice things 警觉的；警惕的；戒备的 watchfulness n. the state of being watchful 警惕 Phrases and Expressions

turn against to stop or make somebody stop being friendly towards somebody 背叛 be prone to to be likely to suffer from something or to do something bad 易于

stand by to help somebody or be friends with them, even in difficult situations 支持；帮助；忠于 take wings to fly away 飞走

fall to pieces to stop working properly; to be destroyed 崩溃；倒塌；解体 重点词汇

tribute n. an act, a statement or a gift that is intended to show your respect or admiration, especially for a dead person （尤指对死者的）致敬；悼念；吊唁礼物

eg: Tributes to the dead leader have been received from all around the world. 世界各地的人们向已故领袖表示哀悼。 其他含义

payment made by one country or ruler to another, esp.to avoid war （尤指旧时）（一国向他国交纳的）贡品，贡金，贡（尤指为避免战争）

eg: They came into the Mainland mainly by means of paying tribute and population trade.他们主要通过进贡和人口买卖的方式来到内地。 构词

词根 tribut = to give 给予 tribute n. 贡品 attribute v. 归因于 contribute v. 贡献 distribute v. 分配

ungrateful adj.not showing or expressing thanks for something that somebody has done for you or given to you 不领情的；忘恩负义的

eg: You ungrateful wretch! 你这忘恩负义的家伙! 衍生

grateful adj.feeling or showing appreciation for sth.good done to one, for sth.fortunate that happens, etc.; thankful 感激的；感谢的

用法：~ （to sb.）（for sth.）; ~ （that...）

eg: I am grateful to you for your help.我感谢你的帮助。

I was grateful that they didn't ask me.我感到庆幸的是他们没有问我。 否定前缀 un-

grateful 感恩的→ungrateful 忘恩负义的 selfish 自私的→unselfish 无私的 fortunate 幸运的→unfortunate 不幸的 civilized 文明的→uncivilized 未开化的

prone adj. likely to suffer from something or to do something bad 易于发生某事的；很可能?的

eg: He is prone to lose his temper when people disagree with him.人家一不同意他的意见，他就发脾气。 accompany v. to travel or go somewhere with somebody 陪同；陪伴

eg: I must ask you to accompany me to the police station.我得要求你陪我去一趟警察局。 构词

前缀ac- 加强 + company 伙伴 = accompany 陪伴

company n.your friends or the group of people you spend time with 公司；陪伴，同伴；连队 eg：You may know a man by the company he keeps.观其友则知其人。

pursue v.to do something or try to achieve something over a period of time 追求；致力于

eg: She decided to pursue her studies after obtaining her first degree.她决定在获得学士学位之后继续深造。

衍生

pursuit n.action of pursuing sth.追求；寻求；从事；进行 用法：~ of sth.

eg: The pursuit of profit was the main reason for the changes.作出这些改变主要是为了追求利润。 构词

形容词后缀

-ful 具有?性质的 careful adj.小心的 hopeful adj.有希望的 doubtful adj.可疑的 forgetful adj.易忘的 respectful adj.谦恭的 -less 无?的

careless adj.粗心的 hopeless adj.没有希望的 doubtless adj.无疑的

homeless adj.having no home 无家的

eg: Thousands of people have been made homeless.上千人无家可归。 A Tribute to the Dog P1

The best friend a man has in this world may turn against him and become his enemy.His son or daughter whom he has reared with loving care may prove ungrateful.Those who are nearest and dearest to us, those whom we trust with our happiness and our good name, may become traitors to their faith. P2

The money that a man has he may lose.It flies away from him, perhaps when he needs it most.A man's reputation may be sacrificed in a moment of ill-considered action.The people who are prone to fall on their knees to do us honor when success is with us may be the first to throw the stone of malice when failure settles its cloud upon our heads.The one absolute, unselfish friend a man may have in this selfish world, the one that never deserts him, the one that never proves ungrateful or treacherous, is his dog. P3

A man's dog stands by him in prosperity and in poverty, in health and in sickness.He will sleep on the cold ground when the wintry winds blow and the snow drives fiercely, if only he can be near his master's side.He will kiss the hand that has no food to offer.He will lick the sores and wounds that come in the encounter with the roughness of the world.He guards the sleep of his pauper master as if he were a prince. P4

When all other friends desert, he remains.When riches take wings and reputation falls to pieces, he is as constant in his love as the sun in its journey through the heavens.If fortune drives the master forth, an outcast in the world, friendless and homeless, the faithful dog asks no higher privilege than that of accompanying him to guard him against danger, to fight against his enemies.And when the last scene of all comes and death takes its master in its embrace and the body is laid away in the cold ground, no matter if all other friends pursue their way, there, by his graveside will the noble dog be found, his head between his paws, his eyes sad but open in alert watchfulness faithful and true even to death. EXERCISES

I Check Your Comprehension

Section A

（ ）1.The best friend a man has may be disloyal to him. [答疑编号506430030601：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】Y

【答案解析】课文第一段首句给出答案，“一个人最好的朋友也有可能背叛他而成为他的敌

人”。turn against；背叛；disloyal 不忠的。答案为Y。

（ ）2.The money a man has may fly away when he needs it. [答疑编号506430030602：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】Y

【答案解析】我们可以从课文第二段前两句话得到答案，“金钱也许会在他最需要的时候从

他身边飞走”。fly away ：飞走。答案为Y。

（ ）3.When severe winter sets in, the dog won't stand by its owner. [答疑编号506430030603：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】N

【答案解析】译文：当寒冷的冬天到来的时候，狗不会守在他们主人的身边。从课文第三段

第二句可知，的在寒冬到来之时，愿意躺在冰冷地面守在主人身边。答案为N。

（ ）4.A pet owner must be nice to his pet, hoping that the pet keeps his company forever. [答疑编号506430030604：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】NG

【答案解析】译文：主人必须好好对待宠物，寄希望于宠物们能永远陪伴在他们身边。课文 第三段及第四段谈及了狗对主人的忠诚，但是并未提及除狗之外的其他宠物，也没提及主人需要好好对待宠物。答案为NG。

（ ）5.A dog will retreat when it encounters tough difficulties. [答疑编号506430030605：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】N

【答案解析】译文：当的遇到艰难险阻对，它将退却。课文第四段综述了出现任何情况，狗

都会义无反顾地守护主人，而不会退却，答案为N。

（ ）6.When the owner becomes poor and his fame is ruined, the dog's love remains constant just like sunrise and sunset.

[答疑编号506430030606：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】Y

【答案解析】译文：当主人家财四散，名誉扫地，狗对主人的忠诚热爱仍宛如日升日落，亘

古不变。我们可以从课文第四段第二句可以得出答案。答案为Y。

Section B

1.A son or daughter brought up with great care may turn out to be______________. [答疑编号506430030607：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】ungrateful

【答案解析】课文第一段第二句可以得出答案，即他满怀爱意抚养长大的儿女可能不知感恩。

答案为ungrateful。

2.Those people we are faithful to may betray ______________. [答疑编号506430030608：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】us

【答案解析】第一段最后一句提及，那些我们最近最亲的人，我们信任他们，把自己的幸福

和名声都托付于他们，他们都有可能会舍弃忠诚而背叛我们。答案为us。

3.When a person commits a mistake on purpose, his good fame may be______________ . [答疑编号506430030609：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】sacrificed

【答案解析】根据课文第二段第二句，一个人的名望更会仅仅因为某一次考虑不周的行为而

瞬间丧失殆尽。我们可以找到答案。答案为sacrificed。

4.A man's dog will stick by him whenever he is in ______________ . [答疑编号506430030610：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】prosperity and in poverty,in health and in sickness

【答案解析】课文第三段第一句提及，A man's dog may stands by him in prosperity and in poverty,in health and in sickness，即不管主人是贫穷或富贵、病弱或健康，狗都会守护在主人的身旁。答案为prosperity and in poverty,in health and in sickness。

5.When the poor owner sleeps, the dog will tend to him as if he were______________. [答疑编号506430030611：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】a prince

【答案解析】我们可以从第三段最后一句得出答案，它忠诚地守卫着熟睡的主人，俨然这位

穷主人就是一位王子。答案为a prince。

6.If the owner unfortunately becomes friendless and homeless, the dog prefers to enjoy the right to ______________.

[答疑编号506430030612：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】accompany him

【答案解析】课文第四段第三句可以归纳出本题答案，即主人被世人抛弃、无家可归时，忠

心耿耿的狗也总是形影不离，对抗敌人，保护主人免遭危险。答案为accompany him。

Building Your Vocabulary Section A

1.Many people spend little time in _______________ of physical fitness.（pursue, pursuit） [答疑编号506430030613：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】pursuit

【答案解析】译文：许多人花费很少的时间追求身体健康。in pursuit of 是固定搭配，追

求、追寻的意思。答案为pursuit。

2.His_______________ old dog accompanied him everywhere he went.（faith, faithful） [答疑编号506430030614：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】faithful 【答案解析】译文：无论他到哪，他忠诚的狗都一直陪伴他。空格处的词修饰名词短语old dog。

因此应填入形容词faithful ，而非名词faith。答案为faithful。

3.At any time, don't feel sad for a（n）_______________ man.（grateful, ungrateful） [答疑编号506430030615：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】ungrateful 【答案解析】译文：任何时候，都不要为忘恩负义的人伤心。grateful：感恩的。ungrateful：

忘恩负义的。由句意可知，应填入ungrateful 。答案为ungrateful。

4.Often they are competing_______________ with fellow Spaniards for contracts.（fierce, fiercely） [答疑编号506430030616：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】fiercely 【答案解析】compete with 是固定动词词组格配，与??竞争的意思。空格中的词修饰前面

的动词compete ，因此用填入副词形式的fiercely（ 猛烈地）。答案为fiercely。

5.The war was followed by a long period of peace and ________________.（prosperous , prosperity） [答疑编号506430030617：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】prosperity 【答案解析】译文：战争之后是长时间的和平与繁荣。空格中填入的词与前面的名词peace 并

列，根据and前后一致的原则，应填入名词prosperity（ 繁荣）。答案为prosperity。

6.The service at the famous hotel failed to live up to its____________.（repute, reputation） [答疑编号506430030618：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】reputation

【答案解析】译文：这个有名饭店的服务辜负了它的名誉。live up to 是固定短语搭配，不

辜负的意思。its后面的空格应填入名词reputation（ 名誉）。答案为reputation。

Section B

privilege prone poverty alert constant scene desert unselfish 1.Senior managers enjoy certain ____________, such as company cars and private healthcare. [答疑编号506430030619：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】privileges

【答案解析】译文：高级经理享受一定的特殊待遇，比如公司配车以及私人医疗服务。空格 处的词在certain 后面，因此应填入一个名词且与前面的senior 相搭配，根据句意privileges 符合题意。答案为privileges。

2.Japanese consumers also remain ___________to saving, not spending, as the recession deepens. [答疑编号506430030620：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】prone

【答案解析】译文：随着经济衰退加深，日本顾客倾向于节省而非消费。be prone to 是固

定搭配，易于??的意思。答案为prone。

3.In Africa, for example, ______________ has actually risen over the past decade. [答疑编号506430030621：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】poverty

【答案解析】译文：在非洲，举例来说，过去的十年贫困程度确实在加深。空格中的词做主

语，且根据前面的关键词非洲，可知空格处应填入poverty （贫困）。答案为poverty。

4.Although he's over eighty his mind is still remarkably_____________. [答疑编号506430030622：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】alert

【答案解析】译文：虽然他年过八十了，但是他的思维仍然很警惕。Although 表示转折的意 思，因此空格处应填入与八十岁的老人的思维情况相反的形容词alert（ 警惕的）。答案为alert。

5.The terrible ______________ was engraved on his memory. [答疑编号506430030623：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】scene

【答案解析】译文：那可怕的场景在他的记忆中铭刻。空格中的词在terrible 后面，且根

据句意，应填入名词scene （场景）。答案为scene。

6.The police are looking for the woman who ______________ her children. [答疑编号506430030624：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】deserted

【答案解析】译文：警察正在寻找遗弃自己孩子的妇女。空格中的词做宾语，因此应填入动 词词性的词，且根据后面的关键词her children ，应填入动词desert ，宾语从句的动作已发生，因此应该用一般过去时态。答案为deserted。

Section C

1.How can you stand ____________and let him treat his dog like that? [答疑编号506430030625：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】by

【答案解析】译文：你怎么能袖手旁观，让他那样对他的狗？stand by 是固定搭配，袖手旁

观的意思。答案为by。

2.The survey made by scientists shows that kids are all prone_____________ eat junk food. [答疑编号506430030626：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】to

【答案解析】译文：科学家调查发现孩子们倾向于吃垃圾食品。be prone to 是固定搭配，

易于的意思。答案为to。

3.By no means would people turn__________ their motherland. [答疑编号506430030627：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】against

【答案解析】译文：人们决不背叛他们的祖国。turn against 是固定动词短语搭配，背叛的

意思。答案为against。

4.My younger sister requested me to accompany her ____________ the airport. [答疑编号506430030628：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】to

【答案解析】译文：我妹妹请求我陪伴她去机场。accompany to 是固定动词短语搭配，陪伴

某人去某地的意思。答案为to。

5.Do you believe Bob remained faithful ____________ his principles to the last? [答疑编号506430030629：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】to

【答案解析】译文：你相信Bob能够坚特他的原则到最后吗? be faithful to 是固定搭配，

对??忠诚。to the last：直到最后。答案为to。

6.It always takes the class a while to settle ____________ at the start of the lesson. [答疑编号506430030630：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】down 【答案解析】译文：在课程开始的时候，总要花费一段时间才能使学生专心起来。settle down：

定居，安心下来。答案为down。

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