初中英语中考总复习综合知识归纳系列第19辑（共20辑） 语法要点

初中英语中考总复习综合知识归纳系列

man—men ; woman—women ;child—children policeman—policemen 第19辑（共20辑） Englishman—Englishmen Frenchman—Frenchmen

语法要点及基础过关检测

foot—feet ; tooth—teeth mouse(鼠)—mice B、规则变化

1）s; sh; ch; x 结尾加 es 读 [iz] 2) ce; se; ze; (d)ge 结尾加 s

eg. boxes [b ksiz] blouses [blauziz] 3)f (fe) 结尾则变f(fe)为v加es---读[vz] eg. knives [naivz] 4) ―辅+y‖结尾变y为i加es 清就清[s]

5)一般加s 浊就浊[z] eg. books[buks] pens[penz] babies[beibiz] 初中英语复习专辑（1）——名词

但注意以下几点：

① potato—potatoes ; tomato—tomatoes

名词的数

② 单复同形: fish ; sheep ; deer ; Chinese ; Japanese 1、可数名词与不可数名词 ③ 由man , woman在词首构成的复合名词应将两部A、不可数名词，初中阶段常见的不可数名词有：water ; 分都变成复数

meat ; rice ; bread ; milk ; tea ; orange(桔汁) ; fruit ; air ; man doctor — men doctors snow ; chalk; work ; paper(纸) ; time(时间); music ; ④ reef—reefs

weather ; grass ; news ; food ; fish(鱼肉); coke ; ⑤ “某国人”的复数：中日不变英法变，其余s加后porridge ; cake(可数或不可数). 不可数名词应注意以面. eg. German—Germans

下几点：

⑥ people , police 常用单数形式表示复数概念 The 1)前无数、冠，后无复数；作主语为三单.

police are looking for the missing boy.

2)表量用约数some /any ; much ; a lot of 或用of短语 3、名词所有格：名词’s (意思是 ―??的‖) eg. There is ____ bread on the table. [C] A.有生命的名词所有格，一般在后加“’s”但注意： A. a B. one C. a piece of D. many 1)表两者共有则在后者加“’s”

There is some_______ on the plate. [B] Lucy and Lily’s father 露西和莉莉的父亲

A. apple B. fish C. milks D. deer Lucy’s and Lily’s fathers露西的父亲和莉莉的父亲. 2、可数名词的复数 2)以s结尾的词只加“ ’ ”

A、不规则变化：

eg. 1) the boys’ books 2) James’ father

初中英语中考总复习综合知识归纳系列第19辑（共20辑） 语法要点及基础过关检测

3)无生命的名词所有格用of来引导 eg. the leg of the desk 4)双重所有格：a friend of my father’s

a friend of mine ( √ ) a friend of my( × )

练 习

一、写出下列词．

的复数 1.book______ 2.bus ______ 3.orange _______ 4.baby______ 5.boy______ 6.my ________ 7.his_______ 8.knife______ 9.watch________ 10.sheep ______ 11. tooth _____ 12. leaf ____ 13.German__________ 14.Chinese_________ 二、选择正确的答案 ( )1.—Are those ______?

---No, they aren’t. They’re _____. A. sheep ; cows B. sheep ; cow C. sheeps ; cow D. sheeps ; cows

( )2.Mum, I’m quite thirsty. Please give me ____. A. two orange B. two bottles of orange

C. two bottles orange D. two bottles of oranges

( )3.I have got ___ news from my friend. Do you want to know?

A. a very good B. any

C. a piece of D. two pieces ( )4.___ room is on the 5th floor.

A. Lucy and Lily B. Lucy and Lily’s C. Lucy’s and Lily D. Lucy’s and Lily’s

( )5.Every morning Mr. Smith takes a ____ to his office.

A. 20 minutes’ walk B. 20 minute’s walk C. 20-minutes walk D. 20-minute walk

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( )6.This is James Allan Green. We can call him ____. ( )17.There are lots of ___ in the basket on the table . A. Mr. Green B. Mr. Allan A. tomatos B. tomato C. tomatoes D. tomatoss C. Mr. James D. James Green ( )18.The cat caught two ___ last night.

( )7.Jack and Tom are ____.

A. mouses B. mice C. mouse D. mices

A. good friends B. good friend ( )19.Jack went to have two ___ pulled out yesterday C. a good friend D. good a friend

afternoon.

( )8.It’s only about ten ____ walk to the nearest post A. tooths B. tooth C. teeth D. toothes office.

( )20.In our school there are fifty-five ___. A. minutes B. minute’s C. minutes’ D. minute A. women teachers B. woman teachers ( )9.He often has ____ for breakfast.

C. women teacher D. woman’s teacher A. two breads B. two piece of breads ( )21.The three ___ will be put into prison. C. two pieces of bread D. two pieces of breads

A. thiefs B. thief C. thieves D. thiefs’ ( )10.Mrs. Green has two ____. They’re very bright. 练习答案： A. childs B. child C. children’s D. children

一、

( )11.What did the headmaster say about Jim’s ______. 1. books 2. buses 3. oranges A. two months holiday B. two months’ holiday 4. babies 5. boys 6. our C. two-month holiday D. two month’s holidays

7. their 8. knives 9. watches ( )12.I won’t go there with you, for I have a lot of ____ 10. sheep 11. teeth 12. leaves to do.

13. Germans 14. Chinese A. works B. job C. work D. working 二、

( )13.Li Lei is a friend of ___.

1——5 ABCBD 6—10 AACCD A. I sister B. my sister’s 11—15 CCBDA 16—21 BCBCAC

C. me sister D. my sister of ( )14.Have you read ____?

初中英语复习专辑（2）——冠词

A. today’s B. today paper 1、不定冠词a, an

C. the today’s paper D. today’s paper

a用在辅音音素开头的词前 eg. a book ( )15.How many ___ are there in the room? a useful book a ―u‖ A. boxes B. box C. boxs D. boxxes

[ju:sful] [ju:]

( )16.Many ____ have been built in our city since an用于元音开头的词前. eg. an apple 1987.

an hour an ―F‖ A. factorys B. factories [au] [ef]

C. factoryes D. factorys

2、定冠词the

初中英语中考总复习综合知识归纳系列第19辑（共20辑） 语法要点及基础过关检测

1)特指某人/某物

The book on the desk is mine. 2)世上独一无二的事物前

the sun , the moon, the earth, the sky 3)形、副最高级及序数词前 The third boy is the tallest of all. (但当这些词前已有其他限定词，如物主代词、所有格、指示代词时，则不能再用the) He is my first English teacher.

4)the + 姓的复数表示 “某家人”或“某夫妇”。 the Greens 格林一家/ 格林夫妇 3、不用冠词的几种情况：

1)在星期、月份、季节前不用冠词 2)学科名词前

3)球类运动及早、中、晚三餐名词前（但：①当三餐名词前有修饰词时，则要加适当的冠词. ②表乐曲演奏的名词前应加the）

1) He went to school after he had a quick breakfast. 2) play the violin / piano

练 习

( )1.There is ____ ―s‖ in ____ word ―bus‖. A. a ; a B. an ; the C. a ; the D. an ; a

( )2.Maths is ___ useful subject. You can’t drop it , I think.

A. an B. a C. the D. / ( )3.____ bad weather it is!

A. How B. What a C. How a D. What ( )4.—What color is ___ orange?

--It’s _____ orange.

A. an; an B. an ; the C. an ; / D. / ; an ( )5.Mr. Li is ____ old worker.

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A. an B. a C. some D. /

C. the English D. any English

( )6.Look at ____ picture! There’s ____ house in it. ( )17.Mary is ___ cleverer of the two girls. A. a ; a B. the ; the C. a ; the D. the; a

A. the B. a C. an D. much ( )7.One morning he found ____ handbag. There was ( )18.____ young must look after ___ old. ___ ―s‖ on the corner of ___ handbag. A. The ; a B. The ; the C. A ; a D. A ; the A. a ; an ; the B. a ; a ; the ( )19. ___ earth is one of ____ planets.

C. a ; a ; a D. the ; an ; a A. The ; sun’s B. The ; the sun ( )8.What ___ interesting story it is! C. The ; the sun’s D. The ; the suns’ A. a B. an C. the D. /

( )20.Tokyo is ___.

( )9.Meimei is ___ best student in her class. A. the capital of Japan B. capital of Japan A. a B. an C. / D. the

C. Japan capital D. a capital of Japan

单数 复数 ( )10.Tom is

( )21.Kate sometimes plays ___ violin(小提琴) and yourself yourselves ___ kind boy.

sometimes plays ___ table tennis before supper. myself ourselves All ___

A. / ; the B. the ; / C. the ; the D. / ; /

himself students love

( )22. –Have you seen ___ pencil? I left it here this herself themselves him. morning.

itself A. a ; / B. --Is it ___ red one ? I saw it.

a ; the C.

A. a ; the B. the ; the C. the ; a D. a ; a

an ; / D. an ; the

( )23.There is_______ orange tree behind_____ house. ( )11.Is ___ book on the desk mine? Yes. A. an ; the B. a ; a C. the ; the D. an ; / A. the B. a C. an D. /

( )24.—How long did you stay there ?

( )12.Even while he was in ___ hospital, he went on --About half ___ hour.

writing songs.

A. / B. one C. a D. an A. a B. an C. the D. /

( )13.Don’t read _____.

练习题答案：

A. in bed B. in the bed C. on bed D. on the bed 1——5 DBDCA 6—10 DABDB ( )14.Smith is ____ honest man. 11—15 ADACD 16—20 AABCA A. a B. the C. an D. /

21—24 BDAD

( )15.China has ___ population of 1,200,000,000. A. / B. an C. the D. a 初中英语专辑（3）——代词

( )16.What’s ____ for ―椅.子‖?

（一）指示代词：this , that , these , those. this , that一A. English B. an English

般与可数名词的单数连用，而不与不可数名词连用（但

初中英语中考总复习综合知识归纳系列第19辑（共20辑） 语法要点及基础过关检测

that可单独指代不可数名词）。

that apple ( √ ) that meat ( × )

The weather in Sichuan is not so hot as ______ in Guangzhou. [that] (二)人称代词、物主代词和反身代词

1）人称代词：主格、宾格（作主语为主格， 作宾语为宾格; 介+宾格） eg. 1)I thank you 2)You thank me. 2）物主代词：形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。 一变(my—mine); 二留(his—his its—its) 三加s(your—yours ; our—ours ; her—hers ; their—theirs)

用法：有名不名，无名是名

eg. This is _____（我的）book. This book is ______（我的）. [ my ; mine]

3）反身代词：某某自己；亲自 反身代词的常见搭配：

1.enjoy oneself 玩得高兴；过得愉快 2.hurt oneself 伤着自己

3.teach oneself = learn… by oneself 自学 4.(all) by oneself （完全）独立地 5.help oneself to 请自便；随便吃? 6.look after oneself 自理；照顾自己 7.leave one by oneself 把?单独留下 8.lose oneself in 陶醉于?；沉浸于? （三）不定代词 1)some与any

一般情况下，some用于肯定句，any用于否定句、疑问句（但表邀请、建议的问句中可用some—此类句型常以could , would开头）

2) many + 可数 = a lot of : 许多

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much + 不可数

注意：

（但a lot of不能用于否定句） ①.both 否定 neither all 否定 none

3) few , a few ; little , a little

②.both , all 不但作主语为复数，且被修饰的词也为①.The story is easy to read. There are ____new words 表否定 表肯定 复数；

in it. [few]

可数 few(几乎没有) a few(几个；一些) neither , ②.Hurry up! There is_____ time left. [little] 不可4) everyone / anyone 不加of 数 little(几乎没有) a little(一点儿少许) none作主语为单数， no one 不加 of 但none of +

none of 复名，neither of + 复名

( )____ of us wants to read the book. [B] ( )1.____ of my parents is a teacher. [B] A. Everyone B. Every one A. None B. Neither C. Both D. All C. Nobody D. No one ( )2.There are many trees on ____ side of the river. 5）other ,another , others [C] 单数 复数 A. both B. any C. either D. all 泛another 定语 主语、宾语 every one / any one of 指 三者以上的另一个 other some…others 7) each: (二者以上的)每个——作主、宾、定） 特one…the other the others =the other+every: (三者以上的)每个——只作定语） 指 一个?另一个 复名(另外的人或物) ①.____ student in the class likes English. ①.We study _____ subjects besides Chinese. ②.___ of the students studied hard. ②.May I have ___________ apple ?

[Every ; Each] ③.These cups are clean. ________ are dirty. is red , ________ is blue.

练 习 ④.I have two pens. One [ other ; another ; others ; the others]

( )1.____office is much smaller than ____. 另外注意：one another (三者以上的)相互

A. Ours ; yours B. Our ; yoursC. Theirs ; our each other (两者的)相互

( )2. ―Help___ to some meat.‖my uncle said to me . We should learn from each other(说明we指两个人)

A. themselves B. yourself C. yourselves They help one another (说明they指三个人以上)

( )3. There are twenty teachers in our school. Eight of 6) 二者与三者 them are men teachers and ____ are women teachers. 复数 单数 单数 A. others B. the others C. another 二者 both(都) neither(都不) either(任何一个) ( )4.There isn’t ____ paper in the box. Will you go and 三者 all(都) none(都不) any(任何一个) get ____ for me ? 初中英语中考总复习综合知识归纳系列第19辑（共20辑） 语法要点及基础过关检测

A. any ; some B. any ; any C. some ; any ( )5.There are many trees on ___ sides of the street. A. both B. all C. each ( )6.___ of them has a dictionary and ____ one of them can look up words in it. A. Each ; every B. Every; each C. Every; every ( )7. ―When shall we meet, this afternoon or tonight?‖ ―I don’t mind. ____ time is OK. A. Either B. Every C. Neither ( )8.Would you like ___ cup of tea? A. other B. the other C. another

( )9.The two friends were so pleased to see each other that they forgot _____.

A. other everything B. anything else

C. everything else. ( )10.____ of his parents is a teacher.

A. Both B. Neither C. None

( )11.The river is very dirty. ____ people go to swim in it. A. Few B. A few C. Little ( )12.A friend of ____ came to see ____ yesterday. A. his ; his B. he ; him C. his ; him ( )13.You can’t leave your baby by ___ at home. A. herself B. himself C. itself ( )14. My father is very busy with his work. He has ___ time to have a rest. A. little B. a little C. few ( )15.I have three skirts. One is red. ___ two are black. A. another B. the other C. the others ( )16.Jack has ___ friends here. So he often feels lonely. A. a little B. a few C. few 4

( )17.Who teaches ___ French? b. 几点几分：

A. we B. our C. us

1．直接表达法：先小时后分 ( )18.The boys were all tired, but ___ of them stopped eg. 3:25 three twenty-five to have a rest.

2.间接表达法：先分后小时

A. any B. some C. none

1)(<30分钟)用past ：分钟past 小时 ( )19.Sorry, I can’t answer your question. I know ____ eg. 3:25 twenty-five (minutes) past three about the news.

2) (>30分钟)用to：(60-分钟数) to (小时数+1) A. a little B. little C. few

eg. 3:35 twenty-five (minutes) to four ( )20.—Hello, Bill! Help ____ to a cake .

3) 30分钟 = half 15分钟 = a quarter —Thanks .

eg. 3:30 three thirty = half past three

A. your B. yourself C. yourselves

3:15 three fifteen = a quarter past three. 四、数词

3:45 three forty-five = a quarter to four B、日期表达法：月日，年（或日月年） 数词分为基数词和序数词。用于表示事物数目的1949年10月1日 :

词称为基数词，表示事物顺序的词称为序数词。 October1st , nineteen forty-nine

1.基数词(1000以内的基数词的读法) =the first of October, nineteen forty-nine 365—three hundred and sixty-five 2000年: the year two thousand

505—five hundred and five =twenty hundred

2.基数词变序数词的方法：

2001年: twenty o one

基变序，有规律；词尾要加th。 3月1日: March the first = the first of March 一二三，特殊记；词尾分别tdd。 C、表编号：

八去t ，九去e ；ve则以f替。 第207房间：Room 207

ty 则变作 ti ; 后面还有一个e。 第五课： Lesson 5 = the fifth lesson

要是遇到几十几；只将个位变成序。 D、序数词与不定冠词(a; an)连用表“又一；再一” eg. one—first two—second three—third eg. You’ve done it three times. Why not try a fourth eight—eighth nine—ninth twelve—twelfth time?

twenty—twentieth E、分数的表达：分子（基数）、分母（序数） twenty-one –-twenty-first eg. one third 三分之一 two thirds 三分之二 3.数词的应用： 注意：1.分子超过1时，分母加s

A、时刻表达法：

2.含分数的短语作主语由分数后的词决定谓语

a. 整点：基数词 + o’clock

eg.1)One third of the students are girls. eg. It’s eight o’clock now.

2)One third of the milk is mine.

初中英语中考总复习综合知识归纳系列第19辑（共20辑） 语法要点及基础过关检测

3.分数的特殊形式

1)one third = a third 2)one fourth = a quarter

three fourths = three quarters 3)one second = a half

F、一些数词的复数 + of表约数： hundreds of ; thousands of ; millions of

练 习

( )1.If you go out at night, you’ll be able to see ____ starts.

A. thousands of B. thousand of C. nine thousands of D. thousands ( )2.Monday is ___ day of the week. A. first B. the first C. the second D. second

( )3.You’ve done it twice. Why not try ____ time? A. third B. the third C. a third D. once ( )4.Which is the____ month? It’s September. A. nine B. nineth C. ninth D. ninety ( )5.December is ___ of the year.

A. the twelfth months B. the twelfth month C. the twelveth months D. twelve months

( )6.There are ___ floors in the building and he lives on the ____ floor.

A. eighteen, fifteen B. eighteenth, fifteenth C. eighteen, fiveteen D. eighteen, fifteenth ( )7.I was born ___, 1982.

A. on June 2rd B. in June 2nd C. on June two D. on June 2

( )8.It’s ____ from our home to the zoo. A. two and a half hours’ walk

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B. a half and two hours walk

以及上、下午词前有修饰词时）

C. two hours and a half hour’s walk 3)in + 年、月、季节及一天中的某部分

D. two and a half hour’s walk

但注意：at night= in the night at noon

( )9.What time is it now? It’s ___ to six. at this / that time at Christmas A. quarter B. a quarter C. quarto C. a quarto eg. 1.___ the morning 2.___ Monday morning ( )10.Will you be back in ____ ?

3. ___ a rainy evening 4. ___3:50 5.__ 2002 A. one or two minutes B. one minute or two 6.___ the morning of April 10 7.___ spring C. two minutes or one D. two or one minute 8.___ night 9.___ this time 10. ___ March ( )11.Mary’s uncle went to France ____. 另外注意：在时间词（morning , afternoon , evening ;

A. in his thirties B. on his thirties Sunday…）前有last, next , this , that时，不再用介词. C. at his thirties D. about his thirties tomorrow, tonight前也不用介词。

( )12.The headmaster wrote a ___ report. eg. I will go(A) to the cinema(B) in(C) this evening. A. two thousand words B.two-thousand-words ______________ C. two-thousand words D. two-thousand-word

2. in , on , at 表地点：

( )13.____of the apples in the fruit bowl are soft and at一般指小地方；in一般指大地方或某个范围之sweet.

内；on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。例如： A. Two-third B. Second-third eg. 1)He arrived ___Shanghai yesterday. C. Two-thirds D. Second-thirds

2)They arrived ___a small village before dark. ( )14.We have learned about ____ these days. 3)There is a big hole ____ the wall. A. several hundreds English words 4)The teacher put up a picture ____ the wall. B. hundreds of English words 3.in , on , to表方位 C. hundred of English words in(范围内)；on(范围外且接壤)；to(范围外但不接D. several hundred English word

壤)。可表示为下图的位置关系 ( )15.A UN report says that the word population will pass six billion by the end of ____ century. A. twentieth B. twenty

C. the twentieth D. the twentyth

五、介词eg.1)Taiwan is in the southeast of China.

2)Hubei is on the north of Hunan. 1.in; on; at用在时间词前，表“在” 3)Japan is to the east of China. 1)at + 具体时刻

cross: 动词“跨过，越过”=go across 2)on + 具体某天（具体某天的上、下午等；星期词；

4. across: （表面）跨过 through: （内部）穿过，贯穿 介词

初中英语中考总复习综合知识归纳系列第19辑（共20辑） 语法要点及基础过关检测

eg. 1)Can you swim _____ the river? 2)The road runs __________ the forest. 3) _____ the bridge, you’ll find a cinema. 5. in + 时间段：与将来时连用 after + 时间段：与过去时连用 但after + 时间点：可与将来时连用。 1) I’ll leave _______ three o’clock.. That is, I’ll leave ________ about ten minutes.

2)They left _______ two weeks. 6. in the tree(外加在树上的事物)

on the tree(树上自身具有的花、果、叶等) in the wall( 镶嵌在墙内部的事物) 7. on the wall(墙表面的事物)

1) There is a map ___ the wall 2) There are four windows ___ the wall. 8.by bike / bus / car / ship (单数且无冠词) 但当这些交通工具名词前有其它修饰词时，则应使用相应的介词。 eg. by bike = on a(the; his) bike by car = in a(the ; her) car on: 在?（表面）上——接触 9. over: 在?的正上方 above: 在?的斜上方 未接触

1) The moon rose ______ the hill. 2) There is a bridge _____ the river. 3) There is a book ______ the desk.

10. between: 在（两者）之间

among :在（三者以上）之间 1)A big crowd of people were waiting for Li Lida on the beach. ________ them were his parents. 2)Tom sits ________Lucy and Lily. 11.on与about : 关于

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on用于较正式的演讲、学术、书籍等 子。常见的并列连词有：

about用于非正式的谈话或随便提及

1.表并列关系的and, both…and, not only…but also, eg. He gave a talk ____ the history of the Party neither…nor等。

12. in front of :在?前面/方（范围外）= before 2. 表选择关系的or, either…or等。

in / at the front of:在??前部（范围内） 3. 表转折关系的but, while（然而）等。 1)There is a big tree _______ of the classroom. 4.表因果关系的for, so等。

2)A driver drives _________ of the bus. 5. and: “和”在肯定句中表并列 类似区别：at the back of与behind or: “和”在否定句中表并列 13.with和in: 表示“用“

另外：1)or “或者”用于选择疑问句 with: 指“用工具、手、口等” 2)or “否则”

in: 指“用语言、话语、声音等” eg. ①.Which do you like better, tea or milk? 1) Please write the letter ____ a pen. ②.Hurry up, or you’ll be late for school. 2) Please speak ____ a loud voice.

6.but “但是”表转折

14. on a farm ; in a factory ; the girl in the hat ; leave for: eg. I listened, but I heard nothing.

动身前往某地

注意：1)though(虽然), but(但是)不能连用 15.一些固定搭配：

2)not … but 不是?而是 （1）介词与动词的搭配

eg. This book isn’t mine but yours.

listen to , laugh at, get to, look for;

both… and : 既?又（连接主语为复数） wait for, hear from, turn on, turn off, worry about, neither…nor: 既不?也不 连接两主 think of, look after, spend…on…, 等。 7. either…or: 或者?或者 语后者决 （2）介词与名词的搭配

on time, in time, by bus, on foot,

not only … but also:不但?而且 定单、复 with pleasure, on one’s way to, in trouble, eg.1)Both he and I are students. at breakfast, at the end of, in the end等。 2)Neither he nor I am a student.

（3）介词与形容词的搭配

be late for, be afraid of, be good at, 练 习

be interested in, be angry with, ( )1.___ the afternoon of May, we visited the old man. be full of, be sorry for等。

A. On B. At C. In 六、连词: ( )2.Many people work ___ the day and sleep ___ night. 从属连词和并列连词

A. on ; at B. in ; in C. in ; at （一）从属连词：用于连接各种从句的连词 ( )3.He speaks Japanese best ____ the boy students. （二）并列连词：

A. between B. with C. among 并列连词用来连接具有并列关系的词，短语或句

( )4.A wolf ___ a sheep skin is our dangerous enemy. A. with B. in C. on

初中英语中考总复习综合知识归纳系列第19辑（共20辑） 语法要点及基础过关检测

( )5.Joan hopes to come back ___ three days. A. after B. for C. in

( )6.They sent the letter to me ___ mistake. A. by B. for C. with

( )7.He left home ___ a cold winter evening. A. at B. on C. in

( )8.Shanghai is ____ the east of China. A. in B. on C. to

( )9.____ my father’s help, I have finished my composition.

A. Under B. On C. with

( )10.He’s very strict ____ himself and he’s very strict ___ his work.

A. with ; in B. in ; with C. with ; with ( )11.I really can’t agree ____ you. A. to B. on C. with

( )12.The shop won’t open ___ nine in the morning. A. until B. at C. during ( )13.How about ___ the flowers now? A. watering B. are watering C. watered ( )14.She spent all his money ___ books. A. in B. with C. on ( )15.They are talking ___ low voices. A. with B. in C. on ( )16.It’s very kind ___ you to help us.

A. for B. to C. of ( )17.What will you have ___ breakfast this morning? A. with B. for C. by ( )18.A plane is flying ____ the city. A. on B. over C. above ( )19.You are free to speak ___ the meeting. A. at B. in C. on 7

( )20.Mr. Green will stay in China___ Friday. B. between C. among A. to B. on C. till ( )35.Li Lei sometimes falls asleep ___ the lesson. A. ( )21.It’s wrong to play tricks ___ other people. for B. through C. during A. on B. of C. with ( )36.Mr. Black went to Paris ___ a few days. ( )22.Which color do you like? I prefer blue ___ red. A. for B. in C. after A. for B. as C. to ( )37.They will leave ________ London next month. ( )23.The student will give us a talk ___ how to use our A. to B. from C. for spare time. ( )38.Are you going to the zoo ___ bus or ___ my car? A. for B. on C. in A. on ; by B. by ; in C. on ; in ( )24.I paid two hundred yuan ___ that kind of bicycle. ( )39.He woke up several times ___ the night A. in B. for C. on A. in B. at C. on ( )25.The doctor is very kind ___ his patients ( )40.No one can stop her ___ going away. A. to B. on C. at A. of B. from C. out of ( )26.We can’t live ___ air. ( )41.What do you mean ___ ―bao zhi‖? A. in B. with C. without A. on B. with C. by

( )27.The child was afraid ___ the strange sound. ( )42.You’ll get a nice present ____ your parents____ A. at B. for C. of your birthday. ( )28.He was very angry ___ her for being late. A. from ; on B. for ; at C. frm ; in A. for B. with C. at ( )43.Light comes in ____ the window. ( )29.What do you think ___ the play? A. from B. across C. through A. about B. like C. of ( )44.There are many apples ___ the tree. A bird ___ ( )30.I think it’s the right way to work out the problem, the tree is picking an apple. but I am not sure _____ it. A. in ; on B. on ; in C. in ; at A. do B. for C. of ( )45. ―Who are you going to play ____?‖ ―Grade ( )31.Reading ___ the sun isn’t good ___ you Two.‖ A. under ; for B. in ; for C. in ; to A. about B. by C. against ( )32.I won’t ask about it, I’m going to see it ____ my ( )46. Don’t go ___ the street. The bus is coming. own eyes. A. cross B. across C. past A. by B. for C. with ( )47.He lives ___ the twentieth floor ___ No. 154 ( )33.We go to school every day ____ Sunday. A. Zhongshan Street. except B. without C. on A. on ; at B. in ; in C. on ; in

( )34.There is a small river ___ the two towns A. in ( )48.He found a piece of useful information ___ the

初中英语中考总复习综合知识归纳系列第19辑（共20辑） 语法要点及基础过关检测

Internet.

A. at B. on C. in ( )49.___ my surprise, he lost the game. A. With B. To C. On

( )50.The blind man knows the money ___ touching and feeling it.

A. with B. by C. through ( )51. We traveled overnight to Paris and arrived _______ 5 o’clock ______ the morning. A. on; in B. at; in C. at; on D. in; on

( )52. Where’s Lily? We are all here _______ her. A. beside B. about C. except D. with

( )53. She sent her friend a postcard _______ a birthday present.

A. on B. as C. for D. of

( )54. Jack has studied Chinese in this school _______ the year of 2000.

A. since B. in C. on D. by

( )55. ---What is a writing brush, do you know? ---It’s _______ writing and drawing. A. with B. to C. for D. by

( )56. English is widely used ______ travellers and business people all over the world.

A. to B. for C. as D. by

( )57. ______ the help of my teacher, I caught up with the other students.

A. Under B. In C. With D. On

( )58. Hong Kong is ______ the south of China, and Macao is ______ the west of Hong Kong. A. in; to B. to; to C. to; in D. in; in

( )59. ---You’d better not go out now. It’s raining. ---It doesn’t matter. My new coat can keep ______

8

rain.

C. as…as D. too…to

A. in B. of C. with D. off

( )69. ---Do you remember our pleasant journey to ( )60. Japan lies ______ the east of China. Xi’an?

A. to B. in C. about D. at

---Of course. I remember everything ______ it ( )61. ---Will the foreigners have any problems talking happened yesterday.

with Chinese in 2008?

A. as soon as B. even though ---I don’t think so. Now ______ the young ______ C. rather than D. as if

the old can speak some English.

( )70. ______ you can’t answer this question, we have A. either…or B. not only… but also to ask someone else for help.

C. neither…nor D. both…or

A. Although B. While ( )62. We didn’t catch the train _______ we left late. C. Whether D. Since

A. so B. because C. but D. though

( )63. Tom failed in the exam again _______ he wanted 七、形容词、副词的比较等级

to pass it very much.

1.原级：表示A与B在某方面相同。 A. if B. so C. though D. as

句型：1) A + 谓 + as + 原级 + as + B ( )64. I won’t believe that the five-year-old boy can 2) A + 谓(否定) + as/so + 原级 + as + B read five thousand words ______ I have tested him A与B在某方面不同

myself.

注意：not as / so… as = less than 不及；不如 A. after B. when C. if D. until

eg. 1)This girl is as beautiful as that one. ( )65. The book was so interesting that he had read it 2)You don’t eat so much as I

for three hours ______ he realized it.

3)This book isn’t as interesting as that one A. when B. until C. after D. before = This book is ___ ________ _____ that one ( )66. ---This dress was last year’s style.

2.比较级：两者进行比较（常与than连用） ---I think it still looks perfect ______ it has gone 1)I am cleverer than you 我比你聪明。

out this year.

2)He runs faster than Jim 他比Jim跑得快。

A. so that B. even though 3)I picked more apples than Jim.我比你摘的苹果多。 C. as if D. ever since

4)Which is more interesting, this one or that one? 哪( )67. Hurry up, _______ you will miss the train. 本书更有趣，这本还是那本？

A. and B. so C. however D. or

3.最高级：三者（或三者以上）进行比较（常与表范围( )68. The mountain was ______ steep _____ few 的in , of短语连用）

people in our city reached the top. ( 注意：of + 个体名词单数 in + 集合名词 ) A. so…as B. so…that

eg. 1)Shanghai is the biggest city in China.

初中英语中考总复习综合知识归纳系列第19辑（共20辑） 语法要点及基础过关检测

2)He runs fastest in our class.

3)He is the tallest of the three boys.

4)Which is the easiest, Lesson1, Lesson2 or Lesson3 ?

4.形、副比较等级的其他用法

1) ―比较级and 比较级‖ 表示 ―越来越??‖ eg. lazier and lazier 越来越懒

(但注意：如果多音节词用此结构时应为 more and more + 形、副)

eg. more and more beautiful 越来越漂亮

2) ―the比较级，the比较级‖ ―越??，越??‖ eg. the more, the better 多多益善

_________ you are, _______ you will get. 你越懒，收获越少。

3) ―the比较级of +二者‖ ―二者中较??的一个‖ eg. 1) Lucy is the younger of the twins.

2) Of(A) the two books(B) this one(C) is thicker(D). _________

4)表示二者相差多少用 “具体数量 + 比较级” eg. He’s a head taller than me. My brother is two years older than me 5)表示“是??几倍”时用“twice; three times等 + as…as”

eg. 1)This book costs twice as much as that one. 这本书的价钱是那本书的两倍。

2)He has four times as many books as I have 他拥有的书是我拥有的四倍。

6)区别older / elder与farther / further older（年龄较老的）

elder（指兄弟姐妹中排行在前的） eg. My ______ brother is ______ than me. farther (指距离“较远的”)

9

further(指抽象事物的“更进一步的”) *4.使用最高级时应把主语包括在范围内。 eg.1)He went abroad for ________ studies.

eg. Mary is the tallest of all her sisters.( × )

2)Fusun is _________ from our school than Zhaohua.

(all her sisters已排除了Mary)

形、副比较等级还应注意 改：Mary is the tallest of all the sisters.

5.表示“第二、第三??”时，可在最高级前加“second ,

1.比较级前用a little ; much / a lot ; even / still来加强语third, ?”（但“第一”不能用first）

气，表示“??一点儿；??得多 ； 更??”

eg. The Changjiang River is the first longest river in eg. 1) a little bigger 大一点儿 China. 改错：________________

2)much more 多得多

3)even heavier更重 附：形、副比较级和最高级的变化规则 但注意：不能在比较级前加so; too; very; quite等。 A、规则变化 2.比较级必须是同类事物相比（即as; than后的词应与1.“辅 + y”结尾，变y为i加er , est 主语是同类事物），注意常用漏的代词有：that; those; (但“形 + ly ”构成的副词除外) one; ones 2.双写加er , est eg. 1)The apples (A) in this basket (B) are redder (C) 3.直接加 er , est / r, st than in that basket(D). _________ 4.在多音词前加more , most (以“形 + ly ”构成的副2)This knife (A) isn’t (B) so (C) new as that (D). 词也在前加 more , most) _______________ B、不规则变化 3)Our classroom (A) is (B) bigger (C) than Lily(D). 原级 比较级 最高级 _______________ good/well better best 3.个体与整体相比，不能包括个体，常用“any other + many/much more most 单数名词”来进行比较。 bad/ill/badly worse worst eg.1）Betty(是个体) is cleverer than any student in her little less least class(是整体). ( × ) old older/elder oldest/eldest 正：Betty is cleverer than any other student in her class. =Betty is cleverer than anybody else in her class. far farther farthest =Betty is the cleverest in her class. further furthest 另外： (特别注意以上三种句型的转换) 2)China is bigger than any country in Africa. 1) 以-er , -ow , -ble , -ple结尾的双音节词加er, est / r, 中国比非洲的任何一个国家都大。 st. 3) China is bigger than any other country in Asia. 中narrow ________ ________ 国比亚洲的任何一个其他国家大。 simple _________ _________ able _______ _______

初中英语中考总复习综合知识归纳系列第19辑（共20辑） 语法要点及基础过关检测

2) tired__________ __________

pleased ___________ ____________ 3) often ________________ _____________ friendly_______________ ____________

4)在形容词的最高级前一般加the, 副词的最高级前一般不加the (但当形容词最高级前有物主代词、所有格时则不再加the)。

eg. Lily is my the best friend.(改错) ________

5)形容词作表语、定语，修饰名词(但部分形容词不能作定语，只能表语：ill ; alone ; asleep ; afraid ; interested ; excited ; surprised ).

副词作状语，修饰动词。

练 习

一、写出下列词的比较级和最高级

thin ____ ____ easy _____ ______ early ______ ______ new ______ ______ hot ______ ______ clever ______ _______ little _____ ______ late _____ ______ narrow______ ______fat _____ ______ many ______ _____ big _____ ______ dangerous__________ ___________ wonderful __________ ___________ careful __________ ____________ slowly __________ ____________ popular __________ ____________ 二、选择填空

( )1.Which language is ____ , English, French or Chinese?

A. difficult B. the difficult

C. more difficult D. the most difficult

( )2.Yangpu Bridge is one of ___ in the world

10

A. bigger bridge B. the biggest bridge A. more B. much C. very D. the most C. the biggest bridges D. bigger bridges

( )14.There is ___ in today’s newspaper. ( )3.Tom is taller than Mike. But he is not ____ Mike. A. interesting nothing B. nothing interesting A. strong as B. so strong as C. interested nothing D. nothing interested

C. so strong D. as strong

( )15.The teacher asked all the students in the class to ( )4.Most of the people in Guangdong are getting keep their eyes ____.

______.

A. close B. to close C. closing D. closed

A. more and rich B. more rich and more rich ( )16.The fat man always says his meat looks ____ and C. richer and richer D. rich and rich

sells _____.

( )5.This text is ____ easier and ____ interes- ting than A. good ; good B. well ; well that one.

C. good ; well D. well ; good

A. more ; much B. much ; more ( )17.It seems that men are ____ making computers C. more ; more D. much ; much

than women.

( )6.Which do you like ____, beef, pork or chicken? A. better at B. good at A. good B. well C. better D. best

C. well in D. weak in

( )7.Put on more clothes. It is snowing ___ outside. A. ( )18.The word’s population is growing fast every strongly B. heavy C. heavily minute, especially in some ___ countries ( )8.John drives as ___ as Tom.

A. west B. more developed A. carefully B. good C. nice D. fine C. east D. less developed

( )9.Is China larger than ____ in Africa. ( )19.This bridge is not ___ long and wide ____ the A. any country B. any other country one in my hometown.

C. any countries D. all countries A. so ; as B. very ; than C. too; as D. very ; as

( )10.My ___ brother is ___ than I. ( )20.I think the song in the film ―Titanic‖ is ___ one of A. elder, three years older B. older ; older all the movie songs.

C. older; three years elder D. elder ; elder

A. the most beautiful B. most beautiful ( )11.Li Mei is more beautiful than ___ in her class. C. much more beautiful D. a beautiful A. any girl B. any other girl ( )21.Lin Tao is as ___ as Zhang Hua. C. all the girls D. any girls

A. strong B. stronger ( )12.This problem is ___ than that one. C. strongest D. the strongest

A. ten times easy B. ten times easier ( )22.Sara is ___ tired ___ move after the hard work. C. ten times more easy D. ten time easier

A. very ; to B. quite ; to ( )13.This film is ___ interesting than that one. C. too ; to D. so ; that 初中英语中考总复习综合知识归纳系列第19辑（共20辑） 语法要点及基础过关检测

( )23. Jack didn’t run ___ to catch the bus. A. enough fast B. quickly enough C. enough slow D. slowly enough

( )24.The driver is very ___. He often drives his car _____.

A. careful ; careful B. carefully; carefully C. carefully ; careful D. careful ; carefully

( )25.Look! All the children are working ___ on the farm.

A. careful B. hard C. busy D. happy

( )26.The population of Shanghai is ___ than that of Xi’an.

A. smaller B. fewer C. much D. larger 附Ⅰ——动词的四种形式 A、动三单的变法

1) ―辅+y‖结尾, 变y为i加es 2) ―以s; sh; ch; x; o结尾, 加es 3)直接加s 但have----has

B、现在分词的变法

1)去e加ing (e不发音)

2)双写加ing (―辅元辅‖结尾且重读,y;w列外) 3)直接加ing

写出下列动词的现在分词

1.see_______2.come ________3.stop_______ 4.open _______5.listen_______6.drop ______ 7.prefer________8.fix_______ 9.relax ______ 10.die _______11.tie _______12.lie _______ C、动词的过去式和过去分词

（一）不规则变化（见课本不规则变化表P255） （二）规则变化

1) ―辅+y‖结尾，变y为i加ed

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2)双写加ed 3)直接加ed

??bebusy(in)?写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词

?spend...(in)?1.drop ______ _______2.stop ______ ______ ??3.prefer ________ _________

?feellike????stop/keep/prevent...from??

4.study ______ ______5.try ______ ____ ?makeacontributionto?doing?6.fix _____ ______ 7.relax ______ ______

?preferdoingto?附Ⅱ——情态动词（can/ could; may/ might; must; ???havefun?should）+动原

?havesomeproblems?1.must(必须)——needn’t(不必)

???beworth?? may(可以)——mustn’t(不许；不准；不可以) 2.注意几个题：

??stoptodo:停下来去做（另一件事） 1)—May I go with you? ?doing:停止做（正在做的事）? —No, you _________.

3.??forgettodo:忘记做??（未做） 2)—Must I turn off the light now?

?doing:忘记已做了??（已做）? —Yes, you ______/ No, you _________ ?附Ⅲ——动词不定式与动名词 ?remembertodo:记住做??（未做）?doing:记住已做了??（已做）A、动词不定式作宾补

1)tell / ask / want sb to do ______________ 4.(see,watch,hear)sbdo(动作结束）否定式：tell/ask/want sb not to do __________ doing(动作在进行） ____________________ 2)省to不定式作宾补

5.goontodo:接着做??（另一件事）即：(l, m, n, 3h, 2看, 1f) sb do

doing:继续做??（原来的事）

l—let; m—make; n—notice; 3h—hear, have, help; 2看—see, watch; 1f—feel

6（.begin,start,like)todo但注意：1)help sb (to) do (to可省、可不省) doing(常可替换） 2)在改作被动语态时省去的to应还原 ?eg. Someone heard him sing in the room. ?Whynot? He was heard to sing in the room. 7.??hadbetter??Will/would/Couldyouplease?动原??B、动词不定式与动名词的区别

???prefertodoratherthan??1.(hope; learn; want=would like; decide) to do 8.介词+doing

2.(enjoy; finish; keep; mind; practise) doing

eg. 1)What/ How about doing

初中英语中考总复习综合知识归纳系列第19辑（共20辑） 语法要点及基础过关检测

2)be good at doing

附Ⅳ——宾语从句与状语从句中的时态 1.状语从句中的时态： 主句 时间、条件句 1）一般将来时 2）祈使句 3）情态动词原形 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般过去时 eg.1)I’ll call you as soon as he ______ (come) back.

2)He won’t go to bed until he _________ (finish) his homework.

3)I’ll help you if I _____ (be) free tomorrow 2.宾语从句中的时态： 主句 宾语从句 一般现在时 一切时态 过去范畴的某一时态（一般一般过去时 过去时；过去进行时；过去完成时；过去将来时） 但当宾语从句是指客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象时，则只能用一般现在时。

eg.1)He said his father _________(come) back in two days.

2)The teacher said light ________(travel) faster than sound.

附Ⅴ——主谓一致

1.表“时间、距离、金钱、长度”的名词短语做主语时应看作一个整体，视为三单 eg. Two months is quite a long time.

2.people; police形单实为复，作主为复

eg. The police are looking for the missing boy. 3.maths, news, physics形复实为单，作主为单

4.family; class看作整体时作主语为单数；看作整体中的各成员时则为复数。

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eg. 1)My family is a big one. 2)That pair of trousers ____(be) Mr. Green’s 2)My family are watching TV.

附Ⅵ——“短命”动词与“长命”动词之间的转化 5.由with, except, as well as连接的两名词作主语，谓buy—have ; borrow—keep ; die—be dead ; leave—be 语由前者决定

away (from); come back—be back; fall asleep—be eg. The teacher with his students is going to Beijing asleep ; open—be open ; tomorrow.

catch a cold—have a cold; go /get out—be out; 6.由neither…nor; either…or; not only…bout also连接arrive (reach / get to / come to) +地点—be in +地点；的两名词作主语，谓语由后者决定 join—be in +集体（或be + 成员）； eg. Neither he nor I am a teacher.

turn on—be on; turn off—be off ; 7.不定代词（something; anything; nothing; someone; get a letter from—have a letter from. anyone; everyone…）作主语为三单 end /finish—be over ; get up—be up ; Nobody knows it except me.

1) He has (A) bought (B) the fridge (C) for (D) two years. 8.One of + 复名… 作主语为单数

_________ eg. One of my friends is a computer engineer. 2)How long (A) may (B) I borrow (C) the (D) book? 9.―the +姓的复数‖作主语为复数 _________ eg. The Lius are watching TV now. 3)The film (A) has begun (B) for five minutes(C). 10.sheep; deer; fish单复同形，注意区别作主语是单还_________ 是复

4)Tom has got (A) the letter (B) from (C) Jim for two eg. 1)There are many sheep on the hill. days (D). __________ 2)Milk ____ white, and sheep ______ white, too. (be

5)I have (A) caught (B) a cold since two years ago (C). 填空)

____________ 11.there be结构中，如果有两个以上的名词作主语，6)He has (A) come to (B) Beijing for ten years(C) 则be应与最接近的那个名词一致。（即：靠近原则）___________ eg.

7)My brother (A) has joined (B) the army (C) for (D) 1)There ____a box and some pens on the desk. five years. ___________ 2)There ____some pens and a box on the desk. 12. either, neither, each作主语为三单

练 习 eg. Neither of the twins ______(like) drawing.

一、写出下列各时态的构成，然后找出各时态所对应

13.由两部分构成的事物名词（trousers, glasses, 的时间状语，只写代号

chopsticks）作主语为复数，但当前面有pair短语修饰1、一般现在时：__________ _________

时，则谓语由pair的单复数来决定谓语。 时间状语 _______________________

eg.1)Where ____(be) my glasses?

2、一般过去时 _________________

初中英语中考总复习综合知识归纳系列第19辑（共20辑） 语法要点及基础过关检测

时间状语_______________________ 3、一般将来时:___________ __________ __________ 时间状语_____________________ 4、现在进行时_____________________ 时间状语_______________________ 5、 现在完成时____________________ 时间状语_______________________ 6、过去进行时_____________________ 时间状语_______________________ 提供的时间状语如下： A. since she came in B. in two days C. when she came in D. next week E. often F. five days ago G. sometimes H. last year I. look之后的句子 J. just K. at 4:30 yesterday L. so far M. for ten years N. since two years ago 二、用所给动词的适当形式填空 1.Mother ________ (watch) TV every evening. 2.We________(talk) when the teacher came in. 3.He ________(go) to Beijing two days ago. 4.He ________(leave) Chengdu in two days. 5.Look! The boy________(play) football on the playground. 6.My uncle ______(live) here for ten years.

7.He often helps the old woman _______ (carry) water.

8.Would you like to make a contribution to ________

(improve) our living conditions? 9.Don’t forget ________(turn) off the lights before you go out. 10.Please let the girls _____(go) first. 11.They had great fun ________(play) football this 13

afternoon.

table ____ his (be). 12.Do you enjoy ________(watch) TV?

37.There ____ an apple, a pear and some bananas on the 13.Would you like ______(have) a cup of tea? table. (be) 14.You can ______(go) there tomorrow.

38.______(read) in bed ___(be)bad your eyes. 15.Would you mind my _____(open) the door? 39.Hello, Jim! I ________ (not know) you we in 16.Please ask him _______(speak) more loudly Chengdu. I ______ (tell) you were still in London. 17.I’ll go fishing if it ____(be) fine tomorrow.

40.It _______(say) that another bridge_______ (build) 18.He said his grandpa ________(be) dead for ten years. over the river next year. 19.Tell the children __________(not play) in the street. 41. He left the room without _______ (say) goodbye. 20.Mr Zhu spent much time _________(help) me with 42. Many trees ________ (plant) in our school yard these my English.

years. 21.I’ll tell you as soon as he ____ (come) back. 43. The police _____ (be) trying to catch the thief. 22.Each of us _____(want) to go to college. 44. The family _____(be) spending the weekend 23.Thank you for ______(help) me.

together. 24.The teacher told us the earth ____(go) round the sun. 三、选择填空

25.My father is good at _____(fish). ( )1.—Must I turn off the light now? 26.You’d better______(not talk) in class.

---No, you _______ 27.The teacher stopped_______(talk) to us when we A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t went into the office.

( )2.Our teacher told us the sun ____ in the east. 28.I saw her _______(cook) when I got home.

A. rose B. rises C. is rising 29.Look! A woman with two children _____ (be) coming ( )3.He ___ back in a month. towards us.

A. will come B. come C. came 30.His family ___ not big, but the family ____ (be) ( )4.I ___ him before. interested in music.

A. met B. had met C. have met 31.Two months _____(be) quite a long time. ( )5.The teacher ____ to Japan this year. She’s now 32.He asked if Tom ______(come) in two days telling her pupils about it. 33.One of our teachers _____(be) a foreigner.

A. went B. has been C. has gone 34.The Greens ______(have) been to the Great Wall ( )6.It ____ hard when I got home yesterday. twice.

A. rained B. is raining C. was raining 35.He is practicing _______(speak) English with Mr. ( )7.Why not ____ again? Green.

A. to try B. try C. trying 36.This pair of glasses ___ mine. The glasses on the ( )8.He has finished ____ the letter. 初中英语中考总复习综合知识归纳系列第19辑（共20辑） 语法要点及基础过关检测

A. writing B. to write C. wrote ( )9.It _____ every night. A. happens B. is happened C. happened ( )10.The policeman told the children ____ in the street. A. not play B. not to play C. don’t play ( )11.The box is too heavy for me ____. A. to carry it B. to carry C. carrying it ( )12.Stop ____and listen to the teacher. A. to read B. read C. reading ( )13.He is still looking for a house ____. A. to live B. to live in C. to live in it ( )14.I heard her ___ when I passed her room just now. A. sing B. singing C. to sing

( )15.—May I go with you ? ---No, you ______.

A. may not B. can not C. mustn’t ( )16.There are some ____ in the river. A. air B. fish C. water. ( )17.Sheep __ white and milk ___white, too. A. is ; is B. is ; are C. are ; is ( )18.The class ___ going to see a film this afternoon. A. am B. is C. are ( )19.Jim’s shoes ____ under the bed. A. are B. is C. was ( )20.Three years ____ quite a long time. A. is B. are C. were ( )21.The clothes are mine. Yours ____ under the bed. A. is B. are C. were ( )22.There ___ a lot of news in today’s newspaper. A. is B. are C. were ( )23.--Can you answer this question in English? No, I

14

_____.

upstairs,he stopped _____.

A. needn't B. mustn't C. may not D. can't

A. heard…crying B. listened…to cry ( )24. The teacher wanted us _____ Exercise 1, but you C. heard…to cry D. listened…cry

let me ______ Exercise 2.

( )34.I ______ my ruler at home.Can I use A.to do, do B. to do, to do yours,please?

C. do, to do D. do, do

A. forgot B. have forgotten ( )25. Miss Green saw a wallet ______on the ground C. left D. have left

when she walked past the school gate.

( )34.Jim _____ the good news to his classmates this A. lie B. lying C. lies D. to lie

morning.

( )26.What have you done _____ the milk? I've just A. spoke B. told C. said D. talked

_____ it.

A. with, eaten B.for, eaten 十、被 动 语 态

C. with, drunk D. for, drunk

英语的语态分主动语态和被动语态两种。主动语( )27.The radio _______ it will get warmer later. 态的主语是动作的执行者；被动语态的主语是动作的A. says B. speaks C.talks D. tells

承受者。

( )28. You must be very tired. Why not _____ a rest? eg. We use a knife for cutting (主动句).

A. stop having B.stop to have A knife is used for cutting (被动句)。 C.to stop having D. to stop to have

一、构成：be + 过去分词

( )29. Li Ping is young, but he _____ many places of eg. 1)The work is finished by him.

interest in South China.

2)Chinese is spoken by people in China. A.went to B. has been in 二、被动语态的时态

C.has gone to D. has been to 1.一般现在时：am/ is/ are + 过去分词 ( )30. Mother told me _____ in the sun. eg. English is spoken by Englishmen. A. not read B. don't read 2.一般过去时：was/ were + 过去分词 C. read not D. not to read

eg. The machines were made in China. ( )31.Do you often see her ______ volleyball on the 3.一般将来时:will/shall/be going to be+过去分词

playground?

eg. A sports meeting will be held in our school next A. play B. played C. plays D. to play

week.

( )32.Alice didn't hear what the teacher said just now,so 4.现在完成时：have/ has been + 过去分词 she doesn't know how _______ the problem. eg. The work has been done by them. A. do B. did C. to do D. doing

5.现在进行时：am/ is/ are being + 过去分词。 ( )33.When the little boy ____someone coming

eg. A new school is being built in our village. 初中英语中考总复习综合知识归纳系列第19辑（共20辑） 语法要点及基础过关检测

6.过去进行时：was/ were being + 过去分词 eg. My TV set was being mended at that time. 综上所述：被动语态的时态只涉及be动词的变化（即：be动词的各种时态） 另外注意以下几点：

1.含情态动词的被动语态：

can / may / must / should + be + 过去分词 eg. He may be sent away from school. 2.带动词不定式的被动语态 eg. My bike needs to be mended.

3.在使用被动语态时，如需要指出动作执行者时，应用“by + 动作的执行者(宾格)” eg. He was called Mike by us

4.不及物动词无被动语态（take place/ happen ; last ; rise ; sink ; fall等）

eg. The accident was happened two days ago (改错) _________

5.当宾语补足语是省to不定式时，在改作被动语态之后，应将省去的to还原。

eg.The boss made the workers work 12 hours. →The workers were made to work 12 hours.

6.注意短语动词的完整性（即：主动句的谓语动词若由v + prep / adv构成，变被动语态时，不能将这些介词、副词遗漏。

eg. We must take care of the baby. →The baby must be taken care of.

练 习 题

( )1.This factory has been____ for two years A. open B. to open C. opening D. opened

( )2.The light in the room ___ before you leave. A. must turn off B. will turn off

C. are turned off D. must be turned off

15

( )3.The young trees ____ planted in spring. the teacher.

A. must B. have C. must be D. must are

A. answer B. to answer ( )4.Chinese ____ by Miss Wang three years ago. A. C. answering D. answered was taught B. is taught

( )15.The sun ____ when we got there. C. was teached D. were teach A. was risen B. has been risen ( )5.Young trees ___ quite often.

C. had risen D. is rising

A. should water B. should be water

( )16.The People’s Liberation Army was ____ August 1, C. should be watered D. should have watered 1927.

( )6.English ___ by many people in the world A. found in B. found on A. speaks B. speak C. are spoken D. is spoken C. founded on D. founded in

( )7.The old people ___ well in our country. ( )17.The oranges should be well ___ during the winter. A. is looked after B. are looked after A. keep B. kept C. keeping D. to keep C. looks after D. look for

( )18. Many of the sheep ___ by the wolf狼). ( )8. Alice is ill. She ____ to hospital at once. A. was killed B. are killed A. is sent B. must be sent C. are killing D. were killed

C. can send D. must send ( )19.Tape recorders____ in our English class ( )9. The factory ____ in 1958. A. should use B. used A. was built B. is built C. can be used D. are using C. will be built D. built

( )20. ____ English ____ in Canada? ( )10.Our teacher told us that the classroom _____ A. Do, spoken B. Is , spoken every day.

C. Are, spoken D. Does, speak

A. should be cleaned B. should cleaned ( )21.He ____ not to leave waster paper everywhere. C. shall be cleaned D. must cleaned A. tells B. told C. was told D. has told

( )11.Football ____ all over the world. ( )22.Who ____ ―The Family‖, ―Spring‖ and A. plays B. is playing ―Autumn‖ ______?

C. has played D. is played A. was, written B. were, written ( )12.____ silk ____ in Suzhou? C. were, written by D. are. Written by A. Is , produced B. Are, produced ( )23.Look at the building! It ____ now. C. Does, produce D. Was, produce

A. is being built B. has been built ( )13.Much money ____ spent on books every year. C. is building D. has built A. have B. has C. are D. is

( )24.Half of the work ____ before six. ( )14.The students was made ______ the questions by A. can be done B. will do C. were done

初中英语中考总复习综合知识归纳系列第19辑（共20辑） 语法要点及基础过关检测

( )25.We ____ stamps for sending letters. A. are used B. use C. used

( )26.The Great Green Wall(绿色长城)___ in North China.

A. are built B. can be build C. was built ( )27.___ the farm ____ by the students ? A. was, visited B. Is, visit C. Must, visit

( )28.The woman ____ by people in the waiting room. A. was laughed B. was laughed at C. laughed at

( )29. What ____ there?

A. happened B. is happened C. must be happened

( )30.He was made ______for twelve hours. A. to work B. work C. worked

十一、状语从句

（一）时间状语从句：由when, while, before, after, since, as soon as, till / until引导的从句 1）when与while

??when?“短命”动词?while?“长命”动词 eg.1)I’ll tell her the good news _____he comes back.

2)Aunt Wang came in while we were watching TV 2)“短命”动词的否定式???until:直到??才“长命”动词的肯定式??until:到??为止 3)since:自从??以来(since从句常用一般过去时)

注意主句通常用现在完成时，但当主句表示一种状态，用一般现在时

eg.1)He has lived there since he came to China 16

2)It is two years since her mother died. school (D) yesterday. ________

（二）条件状语从句：由if (如果)引导的从句

（四）结果状语从句：由so… that引导的从句（so后eg.I will go to the park if it ________ (not rain) 接形、副原级）

tomorrow.

eg. He ran (A) so faster (B) that I couldn’t catch up 注意：条件状语从句与以下句型的转换 with (C) him. ________

1）祈使句，and (then , or)+简单句 注意：1) “so… that +否定句”与“too… to”的替换 = If you … , you …

eg.1)He is so young that he can’t go to school.

eg.1)Use your head, then you’ll find a way. = He is too young to go to school(主、从句主语相同) =If you use your head, you’ll find a way 2)He ran so fast that we couldn’t catch up with him. 2)Hurry up, or you’ll be late. = He ran too fast for us to catch up with. (主、从句主语不

=If you don’t hurry, you’ll be late. 同)

2)without与条件句的转化

3)The box is so heavy that I can’t carry it

eg. Man can’t live without water. = The box is too heavy for me to carry.(注意carry后省 =Man can’t live if there is no water.

去宾语it)

注意以上两种状语从句的时态 2）“so… that +从句”与“enough to”的替换 eg.1)He’s so strong that he can carry the box. 主句 时间、条件句 = He’s strong enough to carry the box.

1）一般将来时 2）祈 2)The question is so easy that I can answer it 使句 3）情态动词原形 一般现在时 =The question is easy enough for me to answer 一般过去时 一般过去时 但since从句例外，应与现在完成时连用。

练 习

eg.1)I’ll call you as soon as he ______ (come) back.

( )1.We bought granny a present, ___ she didn’t like it. 2)He won’t go to bed until he _________ (finish) his A. but B. and C. when

homework.

( )2.Be quick, ___ you’ll be late for the football match. 3)I’ll help you if I _____ (be) free tomorrow

A. so B. and C. or

4)I ___________ (live) here since I came to China. ( )3.You’ve done badly, ___ I can see you did your best. （三）原因状语从句：由because, since , for , as引导A. or B. but C. so

的从句

( )4.That was our first lesson, ___ she didn’t know all eg. He didn’t go to school because he was ill. our names.

注意：1)对because引导的从句提问用why A. for B. but C. so

2)因为(because), 所以(so)不能连用

( )5.They didn’t pass the ball often enough, ___ they eg. Because he was (A) ill, so (B) he didn’t (C) go to didn’t play together very well.

初中英语中考总复习综合知识归纳系列第19辑（共20辑） 语法要点及基础过关检测

A. and B. yet C. when

( )6.It was raining at that time, ___ they couldn’t go out for walk.

A. because B. or C. so

( )7.Mary couldn’t go to school, ___ she was very ill. A. for B. before C. though

( )8.Go straight along the road, ___ you’ll find the hospital at the end of it.

A. since B. and C. when

( )9.Take this medicine , ___ you will yet well soon. A. and B. but C. so

( )10.Either she or I ___ him at the airport. A. is to meet B. am to meet C. are to meet ( )11.The train hasn’t arrived ____. A. too B. also C. yet ( )12.You won’t go there, ___ will I. A. So B. Neither C. Also

( )13.You can take ___ this book ___ that book, but you can’t take ___ of them.

A. either, or ; all B. either , or ; both C. not only , but also ; both

( )14.The students had no water___ food then A. or B. and C. also

( )15.They were ___ weak ___ carry the heavy box. A. neither , nor B. both , and C. too , to ( )16.The books aren’t yours ___ ours. A. nor B. and C. but

( )17.Tom saves his money, ___ John spends all he gets.

A. while B. or C. so

( )18.Excuse me, ___ can you tell me how to get to the park?

17

A. and B. please C. but

C. so, that D. neither, nor

( )19.He needs to have a rest, ___ he has worked for a ( )30.This TV set is too dear, ____ it gives you a better long time .

picture.

A. and B. but C. for

A. or B. if C. though D. and

( )20.The policeman was ___ busy ___ holidays with ( )31.Could you ask Tom to ring me up if you ____ his family.

him tomorrow.

A. very , to spend B. too , to spend A. met B. meet C. will meet D. have met

C. so , that

( )32.While she ___ TV in the sitting room, the bell ( )21.Neither Jack nor I ___ to the park. ____.

A. is going B. are going C. am going

A. watches, rings B. is watching, rang ( )22.His grandfather has never been to school so he C. was watching D. watched, was ringing

could ___ read ___ write.

( )33.Mary will go ____ after she ____ her homework. A. neither , nor B. either , or C. both , and A. shops, finish B. shopping, finishes ( )23.Johm ___ until Mike ___ sorry to him. C. to shop, finishing D. shopping, finish

A. let him in , said B. didn’t let him in , said ( )34.He is listening to the music ____ he is washing C. didn’t let him in , says

clothes.

( )24.I’m sure Li Ping is ___ in the classroom ___ in A. after B. before C. when D. while

the library.

( )35.Tell Mr. Wang to go to Mr. Li’s office, when you A. either , or B. both , and C. neither , or ____ him.

( )25.Don’t open the door ___ the bus ___. A. saw B. will see C. are seeing D. see A. until , stops B. and , stops C. until , stop

( )36.They ____ until the meeting was over. ( )26.Both his father and his mother ___ to Beijing. A. left B. not leave A. has been B. have been C. has gone

C. don’t leave D. didn’t leave

( )27.We’ll have a sports meeting if it ____ rain ( )37.The children sat at the table until the guests ____. tomorrow.

A. leave B. are leaving C. left D. had left

A. won’t B. isn’t C. don’t D. doesn’t ( )38.The film ____ for half an hour when I got to the ( )28.I’ll let you know as soon as he ____. cinema.

A. comes back B. will come back A. has begun B. had been on C. is coming back D. come back

C. begun D. begins

( )29.I’m ___ busy getting ready for Christmas ____ I ( )39.She ____ until late into the night. have no time to write to you. A. waited B. came C. went D. started

A. not, until B. too, to ( )40.He began to do his homework _____ he turned on

初中英语中考总复习综合知识归纳系列第19辑（共20辑） 语法要点及基础过关检测

the light.

A. before B. since C. till D. after

( )41.He didn’t go to swim yesterday___ he was ill. A. when B. if C. because D. and because

( )42.Li Ping gives me more help than Wang Lin ____ . A. is B. has C. does D. gives

( )43.Please keep the box for me ____ I come back tonight.

A. when B. as C. to D. until

( )44.I bought an umbrella ____ the weather was fine. A. if B. although C. because D. as

( )45.We got to the cinema ___ late ___ there were no seats left.

A. too, to B. much, to C. very, that D. so, that ( )46.It ___ five years ___ I left the army. A. is , since B. was , since C. has been, when D. is , when

( )47.Though it was raining hard, ___ was still waiting for her son in the rain.

A. but she B. and she C. she D. so she ( )48.I have known him ___ I was a child. A. because B. since C. when D. before

( )49.Jim had finished his homework ____ his mother came back.

A. after B. before C. while D. then

十二、宾语从句：充当宾语的句子

对宾语从句应注意以下三要素： 1. 引导词 2. 语序 3. 时态 1. 引导词

1)that引导一般疑问句意义的宾从(that可省)

eg. He says (that) the boy is a lilltle weak in Chinese.

18

2)疑问词引导特殊疑问句意义的宾从 eg. Whether this is true or not, I can’t say.

eg. ①.Do you know who will give us a talk? 4)whether还可以引导让步状语从句，意为“不管， ②.I don’t know whose book that is. 无论”

③.Could you please tell which gate we have to go eg. Whether it rains or not, we are going to the park to?

tomorrow.

④.I wonder when he will come back.

2.语序：宾从用陈述句语序

注意：此类宾从的主语与主句的主语（或宾语）相同eg. 1)I don’t (A) know whether (B) will he (C) come (D) 时，可替换为“疑问词 + to do”

tomorrow. _____________

eg. ①.I haven’t decided where I will go 2)He asks (A) me when (B) will you (C) come back =I haven’t decided where to go (D). _____________

②.He asked me what I bought 3)Could you tell (A) how many players (B) are there = He asked me what to buy.

(C) in (D) a football team? ________ 类似短语：how to do _____what to say_____

3.时态 what to do _____where to go____

主句 宾语从句 3)if/whether(是否)引导一般疑问句意义的宾从 一般现在时 一切时态 eg. ①.―Do you like this book?‖ she asked me. 过去范畴的某一时态（一般 =She asked me ___ I liked this book.

一般过去时 过去时；过去进行时；过去 ②.―Have you visited the Great Wall?‖ Could you tell 完成时；过去将来时） me?

=Could you tell me _____ you have visited the Great ?shegoestoWall?

eg.1)Shesays(that)?schooleveryday.?shehasbeenillforfivedays.

注意以下几点：

??shewillcometomorrow.ⅰ.区别if当作“是否”，还是“如果”

eg. I don’t know if he ______ (come)if it ______(rain) ?shewenttoschooleveryday.tomorrow.

2)Shesaid(that)??shehadbeenillforfivedays.但当宾语

ⅱ.用whether不用if的几种情况 ??shewouldcomethenextday. 1)后接不定式

从句是指客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象时，则只能eg. I can’t decide whether to go to Beijing. 用一般现在时。

2)与or / or not连用

eg. She said (that) the sun rises in the east.

eg. I want to know whether you will go to the park or not.

练 习

3)在句首时

( )1.Alice wanted to know ____ her grandma liked the

初中英语中考总复习综合知识归纳系列第19辑（共20辑） 语法要点及基础过关检测

dog.

A. that B. if C. which D. what ( )2.Can you tell us ____ ? A. where have you gone B. where have you gone C. where you have been D. where have you been

( )3.Do you still remember ____ ?

A. that he said B. what he said C. did he say that D. what did he say

( )4.The weather here changes very often and we can’t tell ____ it will be like tomorrow.

A. that B. how C. what D. whether ( )5.—What did the scientist say?

---He said he wondered if ____into space by spaceship one day.

A. he had to fly B. he could fly C. can he fly D. could he fly

( )6.Do you know___from Wuhan to Xi’an ? A. how far it is B. how far is it C. how long it is D. how long is it ( )7.Could you tell me ____? A. where do you live

B. who you are waiting for C. who were you waiting for D. where you live in

( )8.—Is the lake there beautiful?

-– This photo will show you ____. A. how does it look like B. what does it look like

C. how it looks like D. what it looks like

( )9. I don’t know ____ bought the present for me. Is it

19

Jack?

A. whether B. if C. when D. why A. which B. who C. whose D. what ( )20.I’m sorry that I ____ you were here. ( )10.Could you show us ____ a bike ?

A. didn’t know B. don’t know A. how to mend B. what to buy C. won’t know D. can’t know C. where to go D. how many to buy

( )11.I don’t know ____ Jane was late for school this morning.

十三、定语从句：在句中作定语的句子，它修

A. who B. what C. whom D. why

饰一个名词或代词，这个被修饰的名词、代词叫做先( )12.—Do you remember ____ he came? --Yes, I do. 行词。

He came by car.

一、引导词（关系词）：位于从句与先行词之间，起A. that B. if C. how D. when 连接作用，同时在从句中充当一定的成分。先行词分( )13.Mike said he ___ a cold for a few days. 两类：1.关系代词who（作主语）, whom（作宾语）, A. has caught B. had caught whose（作定语）, which（作主语、宾语）, that（作主C. has had D. had had

语、宾语）. 2.关系副词when, where, why.

( )14.I don’t know if he ____ here. If he ____, I’ll tell 注意：1.如果关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，引导you.

词可以省略.

A. will come, comes B. comes, will come eg. The trees (that) we have planted grow well.

C. comes , comes D. will come, will come 2.关系代词作宾语时，可放在介词后。 但当关( )15.Could you tell me ____ best?

系代词是that时，则不能放在介词后。eg. This is the A. which one you like B.which one do you like house in which Lu Xun once lived

C. do you like which one D.you like which one

= This is the house which Lu Xun once lived in. ( )16.The teacher told the children that the earth ____ =This is the house that Lu Xun once lived in

around the sun.

二、如何选用引导词：一般情况引导词的选用是受先A. moves B. moved 行词决定的——先行词是人时用that , who , whom , C. had moved D. was moving

whose; 先行词是物时用that , which; 先行词是时间、( )17.Nobody knows which factory _____. 地点时用when , where.

A. does he work B. he works eg. 1)The boy who / that is standing under the tree is C. does he work in D. he works in

Jim. 站在树下的那个男孩时Jim.

( )18.He said that no one knew ___ with him. 2)Do you know the girl whose mother is a driver? A. what is the matter B. what was the matter 你认识那个妈妈是司机的女孩吗？

C. what the matter is D. what the matter was

3)Have you been to the factory where your father ( )19.I’m interested in _____ or not he is coming.

works? 你去过你爸爸工作的工厂吗？

初中英语中考总复习综合知识归纳系列第19辑（共20辑） 语法要点及基础过关检测

但注意区别who / that (指人)；which / that (指物) 1.修饰人只用who的情况：

a. 先行词是one , ones , anyone , those 时。 b. there be句型中修饰名词时。 c. 先行词后有一个较长的定语。

eg.1)Anyone who hasn’t handed in his home- work should stay after school. 没交作业的任何人放学后都要留下。

2)There is a girl who wants to see you at the school gate. 校门口有位想见你的女孩。

3)Did you see the man in the park yesterday afternoon who wore a red shirt? 昨天下午在公园你见过那个穿红衬衫的人吗？

2.修饰人或物只用that的情况：

a. 先行词为指物的不定代词all , much , little, few , everything , something , anything , nothing b.先行词前有最高级、序数词及last , only , very , all , no时

c. 先行词既有人，又有物时

d. 主句是who / which引导的特殊疑问句，而先行词又指人或物时。

eg.1)Is there anything that I can do for you? 有让我做的事吗？

2)He is the only one that can help us at the moment. 他是现在能帮助我们的唯一的人。

3)He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited. 他谈论着他拜访过的老师和参观过的学校。

4)Which is the machine that we used last Sunday? 我们上周星期天用过的机器是哪一台？ 3.修饰物只用which的情况：

a. 先行词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时

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b. 先行词为that时

__________________.

eg.1)This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived . 这2.This is a book which was written by a worker 就是鲁迅以前住过的房子。

______________________________________ 2)What’s that which you are holding in your arms? 3.The student who is from Canada speaks French. 你抱着的那个是什么？

______________________________________ *三、定语从句可简化为短语 __________.

1．定语从句为被动语态时可简化为过去分词短语；定4.She has a lot of work that she must do.

语从句为现在进行时可简化为现在分词短语。

_____________________________________ 2．定语从句的谓语(be)后是介词短语，可简化为介词三、选择填空

短语作定语。 ( )1.The man ____ was a friend of mine. 3．定语从句的谓语动词含情态动词，可简化为不定式。 A. that you just talked to

eg.1)I bought a book that was written by Lu Xun. B. whom you just talked to him = I bought a book written by Lu Xun.

C. who you just talked to him 2)Tell the children who are playing there not to do D. which you just talked to

that.

( )2.This is the best film ____has been shown this year. = Tell the children playing there not to do that. A. who B. that C. which D. when

3)The book that is on the table is mine. ( )3.Finally, the thief handed everything ____ he had = The book on the table is mine.

stolen to the police.

4) We have nothing that we should fear. A. which B. what C. that D. in where

= We have nothing to fear.

( )4.Mr. Li told us the stones and writers ____ 练 习

interested him

A. what B. who C. that D. which

一、用适当的关系代词填空

( )5.My father still remembers the day ___ he joined 1.Is it the very house ________ you lived in ten years the army.

ago?

A. when B. which 2.The woman _____ sits next to the door is my mother. C. to which D. from which

3.I’ll never forget the year _____ I joined the League. ( )6.I’ll never forget the summer holidays ____ we 4.It is the house _____ I was born.

spent together.

5.The house ______ roof is broken has been repaired. A. when B. in which C. which D. how

二、用短语来改写下面的定语从句部分。

( )7—Does the teacher know everybody _______

1.The man that is talking with Mary is my brother. planted the trees? ______________________________________

—Yes, he does. 初中英语中考总复习综合知识归纳系列第19辑（共20辑） 语法要点及基础过关检测

A. which B. whose C. where D. who

( )8.The letter _______ I received from him yesterday is very important.

A. who B. where C. what D. that

( )9.I hate people _______ talk much but do little. A. whose B. whom C. which D. who

( )10.—Who is the man _______ was talking to our English teacher?

—Oh! It’s Mr Baker, our maths teacher. A. he B. that C. whom D. which

( )11.I hate the people ________ don’t help others when they are in trouble.

A. who B. which C. they D. where

( )12.George Mallory was an English school teacher _______ loved climbing.

A. who B. whom C. he D. which

( )13.This is the place _____I have ever visited. A. there B. when C. where D. which

( )14.Nobody knows the reason ______ she didn’t come to the meeting.

A. that B. which C. why D. when ( )15.The moon is a world ___there is no life. A. that B. which C. where D. why ( )16.He has forgotten the day ___ he arrived. A. when B. where C. that D. which

( )17.He still remembers the days ______ he spent with your family.

A. when B. where C. that D. on which

( )18.Mr. White, ______ car had been stolen, came to the policeman.

A. who B. that C. whose D. which

( )19.He got to the village _______ his family once

21

lived before liberation.

3.陈述部分是祈使句时，附加疑问句一般用：will you? A. that B. which C. when D. where 但注意：

( )20.This is the house ______ I want to buy. Let’s … , shall we? A. in which B. that C. whose D. where

Let us … , will you?

( )21.He didn’t tell me the place _______ he was born. 4.陈述部分含must时，附加疑问句一般用needn’t. A. that B. which C. when D. where

eg. I must finish my work now, _________?

( )22.He lived in a small village, ______ was a long 5.陈述部分是there be结构时，应用there be结构来完way from the railway station.

成。

A. that B. which C. where D. when

eg. There’s little water, ___________

十五、反意疑问句

*6.陈述部分含宾语从句时，疑问部分通常与主句一致。但当主句的谓语动词是think, believe且主语是I , 由“陈述句 + 附加疑问句”两部分构成。一般

we时，即：

有两种形式：前肯后否或前否后肯。对附加疑问部分I / We think (believe) + 宾从，则附加问句应与从句一应注意以下几点： 1）主语只能用人称代词；2）附致。I’m sure + 宾从也是如此

加疑问句的not必须与（be /助/情）缩写；3）附加疑eg.1)She said I did it, ____________?

问句的时态必须与陈述部分的时态一致。 2)We don’t think you are right, ________? eg.1)Tom is a work, isn’t Tom?(找错)_______ 3)I’m sure you’ll help me, ____________? 2)You can swim, can not you?(找错)______ *7.I’m… , aren’t I?

3)He had lunch, doesn’t he?(找错)________

eg.I am older than you, __________?

特别注意以下几种反意疑问句 8.陈述部分含had better, 疑问部分应用had better来回答。

1. 陈述部分含否定意味的词(few, little, eg. You’d better go out , ___________?

never, nothing, nobody, no, hardly, none)，附加疑问句9.陈述部分是感叹句，附加问句的人称代词应与主语应使用肯定形式（但前缀词unhappy, unlike, disappear一致。

等列外）

eg. 1)What a kind girl, __________? eg. They are unhappy, aren’t they?

2)What a fine day, ___________?

2.陈述部分的主语是everything, something, nothing, anything时，附加疑问句的主语应用it；陈述部分的练 习

主语是everybody, somebody, nobody, everyone, no ( )1.You had to work for 10 hours yesterday, _____? one时，附加疑问句的主语应用they。 A. didn’t you B. did not you eg.1)Everything is ready, ___________? C. had not you D. did you 2)Everyone is here, ____________?

( )2.Don’t eat too much, ____?

初中英语中考总复习综合知识归纳系列第19辑（共20辑） 语法要点及基础过关检测

A. will you B. don’t you C. do you D. can you ( )3.Lily looks like Lucy, ____? A. is Lily B. isn’t she C. does Lily D. doesn’t she

( )4.—You didn’t change your mind, did you

--- ______.

A. No, I didn’t B. Yes, did I C. No, I did D. Yes, I didn’t

( )5.The woman hardly let her daughter go to school, ____ she ?

A. does B. doesn’t C. did D. didn’t

( )6.Be sure to come to the parents’ meeting on time, ____?

A. will you B. aren’t you C. can’t you D. mustn’t you ( )7.Let’s have a good rest, ____? A. will we B. do we C. shalln’t we D. shall we

( )8.He has never ridden a horse before, ___? A. does he B. has he C. hasn’t he D. doesn’t ( )9.Tom has supper at school, ___? A. hasn’t he B. has he C. doesn’t he D. does he

( )10.There is little water in the glass, ___? A. isn’t there B. isn’t it C. is it D. is there

十六、简单句的五种句型

1.主语 + 不及物动词（主、谓结构）

eg. He is working.

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2.主语+ 及物动词 + 宾语（主、谓、宾结构）

day.

eg. We study English every day.

2)I often hear him sing. 3.主语+ 连系动词 + 表语（主、系、表结构）

2)区别省to不定式作宾补与动词ing形式作宾补. eg. Trees turn green.

hear / see sb do: 听见/看见某人做了某事 常见的连系动词有：be ; become ; get ; turn ; feel ; hear / see sb doing: 听见/看见某人在做某事

look(看起来)；smell(闻起来); sound(听起来)；taste(尝起来)；seem(似乎).

Ⅱ、 知 识 要 点

特别注意：形容词常作表语

1.问职业：

4.主语 + 及物动词 + 间宾（人）+ 直宾（物） What be + 主语？= What does /do +主语+do? =主语+ 及物动词 + 直宾（物）+ to / for + 间宾（人）

eg. He is a teacher.（提问） 常用的此类动词有：give ; pass ; show ; lend ; buy. 但 ______ _____ he _____?

buy与for连用

2.It’s nice talking to you.与你谈话真高兴。 eg.1)I gave him a book. △

3.表方式的短语 = I gave a book to him.

1)on foot

2)My mother bought me a pen yesterday. 2)by + 交通名词单数（无冠词）

= My mother bought a pen for me.

= in / on a (the; 物主代词；名词所有格) 5.主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾补

eg. 1) by bike = on a bike by car = in a car

注意作宾补的词：1）名词（指宾语是谁/什么）；2） 2) He goes to work by a bike every day.(改错) 形容词；3）不定式；4）动词的ing 形式。 _____________

eg.1)We call him Jim.

must: 个人主观上认为“必须”（无时态变化）

2)We must keep the window open. 4. have to : 有外部条件强加的客观上的“不得不” （存在各 3)He told me to wash the plates. 种时态）

4)I saw a thief going into your room. eg. 1) I _________ stop on the way because of the rain. 特别注意：

2) I ______ stop because I’m a little tired. 1)动词不定式作宾补

△

5.提建议

A: ask / want / tell sb to do sth.

Shall we… ? 答 肯定：Good idea / OK / 其否定式为：ask/want/tell sb not to do sth Let’s … All right 2)省to不定式作宾补，即： Why not… ? 语 否定：No, let’s…

(l, m, n; 3h; 2看; 1f) sb do sth

肯定：Certainly/ Yes, please/ l—let, m—make, n—notice; 3h—hear, have , help; 2看另外还可回答为 Yes, I think so/ I’d love to

—see, watch; 1f—feel.

否定：No,I don’t think so / eg.1)The boss made the workers work 12 hours every

I’m afraid not.

初中英语中考总复习综合知识归纳系列第19辑（共20辑） 语法要点及基础过关检测

put on强调“穿”的动作：穿上，戴上 后接 △

6.. wear是 put on 之后的结果：穿着 ―衣服‖

= be in 名词 dress sb: 给某人穿衣

eg. 1)You’d better ____ more clothes when you go out. It’s cold outside.

A. wear B. dress C. put on D. take off 2)The boy can ________ himself now. A. wear B. dress C. put on D. take off 3) Tom is wearing a red shirt today. A. is on B. is in C. is putting on △

7.在具体的某楼前用 on

eg. He lives on the fifteenth floor. △

8.How do you like… ? 你觉得??怎么样？ = What do you think of … ?

eg. How do you like the new film? = What do you think of the new film? 你觉得这部新电影怎么样？ 9.a little = a bit

但注意：1) a little+名词 = a bit of + 名词 ) eg.There is a little( a bit of ) water in the glass. 2) not a little = very not a bit = not at all △

10. quite : quite a (an) + 形 + 名 very : a very + 形 + 名

eg. This is a very interesting book. = This is quite an interesting book. 11.in a hurry: 匆忙地

eg.1)He is in a hurry all day.

2)She went to school in a hurry.

另外：hurry to … = go to … in a hurry

12. marry sb = be married to sb.与某人结婚 get married = be married 已婚；结婚

23

（但get married是“短命”动词，要指“结婚多久”--Less than a week.

应用be married）

3)--________ will he come back? eg. 1)She married with a doctor (找错) ______

--In two days.

2)She has got married for ten years (找错) __________ 17.??instead:副词（句首、句末） △

13. leave sth + 地点：把某物忘在某地 ?insteadof:介词短语（后接名/动名/代词） forget sth : 忘记某事

eg. 1)I didn’t go to the cinema. _____ I went to the eg. 1)He ______ the driver’s license yesterday. library yesterday.

2)I ____ my umbrella in the train just now. 2)We would like to stay at school _______ going to △

14.感叹句

the cinema today. 1）What (a, an) + 形 + 名△

．

（+主 + 谓）！ 18.so 句型

(注：但名词为不可数、复数时，则不用a / an)

so + be(助、情) + 主语：“也如此” 2）How + 形 / 副 （ + 主 + 谓）！

so + 主语 + be(助、情)：“的确如此” eg.1)________ bad weather!

eg.1)I watched TV last night, and so did she. 2)______ hard they are working! 昨晚我看了电视，她也看了。

3)______ good girl she is!

2)I watch TV every day, and so does he. 4)_____ beautiful flowers they are!

我每天看电视，他也如此。 “雨大，雪大”heavy---heavily/ hard 3)I can swim, so I can. △

15.“风大” strong ---strongly 我会游泳，真的是这样。

“太阳大”bright---brightly 注意：表示“也不如此”用neither / nor 注意以上词的形、副区别

eg. I didn’t watch TV last night, neither did she eg. 1)There was a __________ rain yesterday. △

19.指路与问路 2)It blew ________ last night.

问路

3)The sun is shining ___________. 1)Excuse me. Could you tell me … 4)Look! It’s raining __________. how I can get to …. 5)What a ___________ wind!

how to get to … how long: 多长时间（问时间段） the way to …

△

16. how often: 多久一次（问频率）

2)Excuse me. Which is the way to…

how soon = when: 何时（问将来时间） 指路

eg.1)--________ does he go home?

1)Go down / up / along this road and… -- Once a week.

go还可替换为walk

2)--________ were you away from school last year?

2)Go down / up / along to the end.

初中英语中考总复习综合知识归纳系列第19辑（共20辑） 语法要点及基础过关检测

3)Go on until you reach the end.

4)Take the … turning on the left. = Turn left at the … turning. 5)Go across the bridge

△

20.??sick:\生病的”（作表语、定语）

?ill“生病的”（只作表语:）eg.1)He’s sick / ill in hospital.

2)A nurse (A) must take (B) good (C) care of ill (D) men. （选错） _____________

△

21.??may..be“也许是”（作谓语）:

?maybe“也许”:?perhaps(作状语） eg.1)__________ he is a student.

2)He ___________ a student.

△

22.??inhospital:在住院?inthehopital:在医院

??inschool:在上学，上课?intheschool:在学校类似结构???attable:在吃饭

?atthetable:在桌旁??inbed:躺在床上??atwar:在打仗??reach?地点??△23.到达??arrivein?大地点?后接here,there, ?at?小地点???home时省介词?getto?地点??但当后不接地点时，只能用arrive

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eg.1)She ____ Shanghai last night.

eg.1)Please ____ your exercise book here tomorrow.

A. reached to B. got C. arrived in D. arrived at 2)Meimei often helps the old man _____ water.

2)They ____ there in time at last.

?A. reached to B. arrived C. got to D. arrived at ?somewhere:某地（用于肯定句）3) I’ll ring you up as soon as he_____(到达).

?29.??anywhere:任何地方（否、疑句）eg. –-I ??everywhere:到处；处处（用于肯定句）?alone:1)adj指“形体上的孤单”（只作表语）???hereandthere?24.??2）adv?byoneself“独自地，单独地”eg.1)S?lonely:adj指“精神上的孤独，寂寞（作表语、looked for my pen___________, but I couldn’t find it ??定语）____________.

---Don’t worry. Sooner or later you’ll find it

he is _____________ girl.

_________.

2)Do you feel ______ when you are _____? 30.to one’s surprise 使某人吃惊的是?? 3)The old man live in a house ________.

类似结构：to one’s joy 使某人高兴的是??

?eg. To our great surprise, she could swim in the river. 使?geton:上车（train;bus)我们惊奇的是，他能在河里游泳。

25.??getoff:下车（train;bus)31. agree with : 同意某人（或某人所说的） ?getinto:上（car;lift)

agree to : 同意某事 ??getoutof:下（car;lift)eg. 1)He agree ___ my plan.

2)I agree ____ what you said.

32.be on … team: 参加??队；是??的队员 26.工作??job:可数名词 ?work:不可数名词eg. He is on the city basketball team. 他是市篮球队队员。 eg. I have (A) many (B) work to do (C)______ △

33.teach sb+科目（当sb是人称代词时应用宾格） △

eg. He teaches our English(改错) __________ 27.??muchtoo?形/副：“太??” △

?toomuch?不可数：“太多”34.the 100-metre race 100米赛跑 100-metre作定语，修饰race, 注意metre用单数。 类eg.1)He gave us _________ money. 似结构：

2)She is ___________ young.

①a two-thousand-word letter一封两千字的信 ?bring:者）②an 18-year-old girl一位18岁的女孩 △

28.?带来，拿来（靠近说话?take:带走，拿走（远离说话者） 另外有时还可用所有格形式来表达： ??carry:搬，运，抬（不具方向性）100-metre race = 100 metres’ race

two-month holiday = two months’ holiday

初中英语中考总复习综合知识归纳系列第19辑（共20辑） 语法要点及基础过关检测

但当前面有a/ an ; 物主代词；所有格时。则只能用复合形容词来表示：

eg. What did the headmaster say about Jim’s ______. A. two months holidayB. Two months’ holiday C. two-month holiday D. two moth’s holiday 35.problem与question

question: 指人们主观上产生而提出等待回答的问

题。常与ask , answer连用

problem: 指客观上存在等待解决的问题着重指

“难题”。常与solve , work out连用

1) We must find out a good way to solve the ______. 2) You can answer the _____ in your own words. borrow: 借进 borrow … from从?借 △

36. lend: 借出 lend sb sth = lend sth to sb 把某物借给某人

keep: 保存；借（多久）（与时间段连用） 1)Jack ____ me his bike last week.

2)You can _____ the book from me, but you can ____ it for only one week. △

37.It’s +adj + of / for sb to do sth.

当形容词用于修饰人时，介词用of. 常见的此类形容词有：kind ; good ; clever ; careful ; polite ; right ; wrong. 其余情况用for.

1)It’s very clever ____ you to do that.

2)It’s hard ____ me to work out the problem. △

38. more: 另外的；额外的（放在数量词之后） another: 再一（另一?）（放在数量词之前） 1)May I have two _____ apples? 2)May I borrow _______ one book?

used to + 动原: 过去常常做? △

39. be used to + 动原: 被用于做? be / get used to sth : 习惯于某事

25

1)He used to be late for school. away (from); come back—be back; fall asleep—be

2)The knife is used to cut things. asleep ; open—be open ;

3)He is uesd to hard work.

catch a cold—have a cold; go /get out—be out;

other: 放在被修饰词之前 arrive (reach / get to / come to) +地点—be in +地点；△

40. else: 放在被修饰词之后，一般修饰不定代词和

join—be in +集体（或be + 成员）；

疑问词

turn on—be on; turn off—be off ; 1)other students别的学生 get a letter from—have a letter from. 2)anybody else. 其它任何人 end /finish—be over ; get up—be up ; what else. 别的什么 1) He has (A) bought (B) the fridge (C) for (D) two years. △

41. so + 形/副 _________ such + 形 + 名 2)How long (A) may (B) I borrow (C) the (D) book? 但注意：

_________ 1) so +形+a / an + 单名= such a /an +形 +单名 3)The film (A) has begun (B) for five minutes(C). 2)so (many / much / few / little) + 名 _________ 3)so… that ; such … that如此?以致? 4)Tom has got (A) the letter (B) from (C) Jim for two ① It was ____ bad weather.

days (D). __________ ② There are ____ many poor in the country. 5)I have (A) caught (B) a cold since two years ago (C). ③ ____ few animals eat ____ much grass. ____________ ④ This city is ____ old, you’d better visit it.

6)He has (A) come to (B) Beijing for ten years(C) ⑤ It’s ______ important party ____ I can’t miss it. ___________ have / has been to: 曾经去过? 7)My brother (A) has joined (B) the army (C) for (D) △

42. have / has gone to: 已经去了?

five years. ___________ have / has been in: 已在?(多久)

44. except: 除?以外（不包括除去的部分） 注意：1)后接地点副词here, there , home时应省介词 besides: 除了?，还有?（包括除去的部分） 2)与时间段连用只用have /has been in 1) We go to school every day except Sunday. ① --Where’s Tom?

该句意味着： --He ______________ Beijing. We go to school from Monday to Saturday. ② I ______ Beijing several times.

2)We all went to the park besides Li Lei. ③ She ________ Chengdu for two years. 该句意味着： ④ He __________ there twice. We went to the park, and Li Lei went, too. △

43.“短命”动词 “长命”动词

take: It take sb sometime to do sth. buy—have ; borrow—keep ; die—be dead ; leave—be 初中英语中考总复习综合知识归纳系列第19辑（共20辑） 语法要点及基础过关检测

△

45.spend(time/money)onsth(in)doingsth 主语 pay (money) for sth 是人

buy sth for + money cost: sth cost sb + money 主语是物 1)I _____ ten yuan on the book. 2)I _____ ten yuan for the book. 3)The book _____ me ten yuan. 4)I _____ the book for ten yuan.

5)It _____ me an hour to do the maths problem sometime: 某时(与将来时连用)

△

46 sometimes: 有时（一般现在时 some time: 一些时候(表时间段) some times:几次 eg. 1)He _______ (go) to Beijing sometime next week. 2)I _______ (be) to Beijing some times. 47.be to do: 表将来

There is to be a sports meeting next Saturday.

△

48.计量：表事物的“长、宽、高、深、远、厚”用 ―long ; wide ; high / tall ; deep ; away ; thick. 1)Mr Green is nearly two metres ________ 2)The ice is about one metre _________.

3)Our classroom is about twelve metres ______and eight metres __________.

△

49.population：不可数名词。指人口的多少用“large / big或small”；询问人口的多少用what. 1)What’s the population of Germany? 德国的人口是多少？ 2)China has a large population.中国人口众多 3)The population (A) of (B) Japan is less (C) than that (D) of India. ____________

26

另外注意：

某物有趣/令人兴奋/使人惊奇（可作定、表语）

表示“有?人口”用have a population of .

1)It’s an ________football game. Now China has a population of more than one billion. 2)I’m ________ in music.

现在中国有十亿多人口。

1)作情态动词，用于否、疑句 △

54.need 2)作实义动词 need to do(表主动)

50.room1)房间（可数名词）2)空间（不可数名词）

need doing(表被动)

1)You needn’t go home now. eg. make room for: 为?腾出空间 2)The bike needs mending. 51.seem的用法：

3)I need to go home now. 1)seem + adj = seem to be + adj

△

55. alive: 活着的；在世的（常作后置定语） He seems very angry = He seems to be angry. living: 活着的；没死的（常作前置定语） 2)seem to do

1)Both plants and animals are _______ thing. It seems to rain tomorrow.明天似乎要下雨。 2)No one ______ will believe it. 3)It seems + that从句

△

56.否定前移的动词：think , believe , expect , suppose. It seems that you are right.你似乎是对的。

1)I didn’t expect their team would win. 我希望他们的对不会赢。

51.asif?虚拟语气（即过去时）?todo

2)I don’t think he will come tomorrow. 我认为明天他不会来。

1)He talked as if he knew all about it. look at: （有意识地）看? 他说话的口气好象已经全知道了此事。 △

57. see: （look at之后的结果）看见

2)He opened his mouth as if to say something. read: 看（书、报等）

他开口似乎要说什么。

watch: 看（电视、比赛等）

?beat:1)beatsb（比赛中）打败某人另外注意：1)see a film看电影

?2)see a doctor看医生

52.??2)beat?一个集体（team;class)1)We

1)I often ______ newspaper after suppe.

??win:后接“比赛、奖品等”2)He _____ the picture, and ____ some trees in it. △

58. listen to :（有意识地）听?

____ them 5 to 3.

hear: （listen to之后的结果）听见 2)In the end we _____ the match.

He was very sorry to ________ the bad news. interested;excited;surprised主语是人。指某 look for:（强调“找”的动作）寻找 △

53.人对?感兴趣/感到兴奋/感到惊奇（只作表语） △

59. find: （look for之后的结果）找到 interesting;excited;surprising主语是物。指 find out: (经过努力、周折)查出，找出（真相等）初中英语中考总复习综合知识归纳系列第19辑（共20辑） 语法要点及基础过关检测

They are ___________ their lost horse.

A. finding B. looking for C. finding out △

60. hope: (可能实现的)愿望 wish: (难以实现的)愿望

另外注意：1)wish to do sth = hope to do sth 2)wish sb to do sth ( ) hope sb to do sth( ╳ )

( )I _____ you to come to school earlier next time. A. wish B. hope C. wants

①enough：放在形、副之后. good enough △

61. ②修饰不定代词(something, anything, nothing)的词

应后置。

③else修饰不定代词和疑问词应后置） 1)I have something important to tell you.

2)He didn’t run fast enough to catch up with Tom.

had better +动原 否定had better not +动原 △

62 Will / Would you please +动原？

Will / Would you please not + 动原？ Will you please not talk in class? △

63. What’s the weather like …? ?的天气

= How’s the weather … ? 怎么样？ △

64. find +宾 +形：觉得?怎么样

find it +形 +to do: 觉得做?怎么样

类似用法还有make , think等

1)I find the question ___________(容易). 2)I think it important to learn Englis. △

65. a number of +复名：许多，一些(作主为复)

the number of: ?的数目/号码(作主为三单) The number of the students in our class is 50. too: 句末 用于肯定句 △

66. also: 句中 “也”

either: 否定句末“也不”

27

1)I don’t like reading, she doesn’t , ______. 2)Tom is fourteen. Jim is _____fourteen. 常见的词语解释

△

67. already , just : 肯助后 almost nearly a little a bit

yet: 否、疑末

around all over be like look like 1)I have already had lunch. bright clever begin start

2)I haven’t had lunch yet. beside next to be in be at home 68. live: (长时间的)居住 be quick hurry up be out be away stay: (短时间的)居住

come from be from fail not pass eg. He lives in Changsha, but he’s going to stay in cross go across hard difficult Shanghai for a few days.

last go on hurry walk quickly Ⅲ、替换练习

hardly almost not hurry up go quickly expensive dear look out be careful 解题指导：

must have to on about over more than wear be in 该类题常常以以下几种情况进行考察：

why what … for stop give up 1．描述释义，也叫概念释义，即用一种情况来thanks to because of join take part in 对某词进行解释。

as soon as possible as soon as sb can eg. huge= very big glass= cup made of glass

be weak in be not at good at agree = say yes/ have the same idea catch up with not fall behind 2．同义词释义。指用意义相同或相近的词进行替have a good time enjoy oneself

换。

a lot of lots of ; many / much eg. nearly = almost perhaps = maybe at last in the end ; finally difficult = hard fast = quickly at the moment now

3．否定释义。即对某些词用相反的意思进行解释。 hold on wait a moment eg. cheap = no expensive thick = not thin just now a moment ago dirty = not clean low = not high/ tall

leave go away (from) 4．常识释义。即词义本身属于一种生活常识。 reach arrive in /at ; get to eg. century = 100 years prefer … to… like … better than … August = the eighth month

spend … on pay … for summer = the season between spring and autumn take a look have a look London = the capital of England walk on go on walking

go to sleep get to sleep / fall asleep

初中英语中考总复习综合知识归纳系列第19辑（共20辑） 语法要点及基础过关检测

walk to … go to … on foot take a bus catch a bus

look after take (good) care of

hear from receive / get a letter from be filled with be full of fly to… go to … by air

return 1)come back 2) give back teach oneself learn … by oneself

at once right now(现在) /right away(立刻)

练 习

选出与划线部分意思相同或相近的一项 ( )1.Liu Ying is like her twin sister. A. likes B. loves C. looks like

( )2. You must drink a lot of water every day. A. many B. much C. a little

( )3.Most of the teachers in our school are from South China.

A. lived in B. get back from C. come from

( )4.She took care of her grandpa when she was free. A. looked after

B. looked for C. gave medicine to

( )5.Are you sure he is able to do the work by himself. A. must B. has to C. can

( )6.Mum, I’m hungry. Can I have some cakes? A. drink B. eat C. play

( )7.Jack, please come and sit by the teacher. A. before B. near C. past

( )8.Summer is coming. The weather will become hotter and hotter.

A. catch B. get C. feel

( )9.Excuse me, can you tell me the way to the shop? 28

A. answer B. show C. give

( )24.The students had a good time in the winter ( )10.He didn’t bring the book here. He had to go home holiday.

to get it.

A. enjoyed themselves B. enjoyed them A. could B. may C. must C. had no time

( )11.Hello, James. Nice to see you. ( )25.The shirt is very nice. I’ll take it. A. catch B. meet C. watch A. try B. buy C. sell ( )12.I don’t understand his words. ( )26.How is the weather today? A. what he told B. what he said A. What’s the weather like B. What was it like C. that he talked

C. What’s the weather looks like

( )13.They came here by air. ( )27.Mr. Li will take me to the park if he is free next A. by bike B. by plane C. by bus Sunday.

( )14. Glad to see you again. A. will be free. B. has time C. had time A. Sorry B. Nice C. Bad

( )28.He prefers apples to oranges. ( )15.Can I use your bike? Mine is not here. A. likes ; than other B. likes ; better than A. lend B. borrow C. get

C. doesn’t like ; so much

( )16.Are you going to swim this afternoon. ( )29.She doesn’t have to worry about he illness. A. has a swim B. have a swim C. swimming A. needn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t

( )17.I’m not free tonight. ( )30. He had to attend the party by himself. A. hungry B. late C. busy

A. alone B. only he C. lonely ( )18.Don’t worry. I’ll be back in a minute. ( )31.He said nothing at that time. A. very soon B. fast C. quick A. make noise B. kept silent C. took his seat

( )19.Summer follows spring. ( )32.There were still quite a few people in the street A. comes before B. comes after C. is under that evening.

( )20.I’ll get a new dictionary soon. A. not many B. many C. much

A. take B. sell C. buy

( )33.We’ll held a class meeting tomorrow. ( )21.When did the students get to the factory A. have B. give C. put

yesterday?

( )34.The girl was so weak that she didn’t catch up with A. came B. arrived C. reach

others.

( )22.They were quite pleased to see each other again. A. fell behind B. tried to hold C. ran after A. please B. good C. glad

( )35. He prefers apples to oranges. ( )23.The meeting will be held at a quarter to eight. A. likes; than other B. likes ; as much as A. 8:15 B. 7:45 C. 7:15 C. likes ; better than

初中英语中考总复习综合知识归纳系列第19辑（共20辑） 语法要点及基础过关检测

( )36.The building has been there for a century. A. a short time B. a long time C. a hundred years.

( )37.Mr Smith flew to London yesterday. A. went to London by train B. went to London by bus C. went to London by plane

( )38.Mike is weak in Chinese because he missed so many lessons.

A. likes B. does well in C. is not good at

( )39.Tom hasn’t heard from his parents for a long time.

A. listened to B. write a letter to C. received any letters from

( )40.We wanted to know when we would have an English test.

A. wanted to see B. got to know C. wondered

( )41.Every body says he is a bright boy. A. brave B. clever C. tall ( )42.Mary is wearing a red dress today. A. on B. in C. putting on

( )43.Both my brother and I like the picture very much. A. He B. We C. I

( )44. The doctor asked him to give up smoking. A. give in B. stop C. go on

( )45.Li Lei got up early last Sunday and Jim got up early, too. A. so was Jim B. so did Jim C. Jim did so

根据汉语完成句子方法指导

29

根据汉语完成句子特别注意以下内容： 7.在中国老人受到很好的照顾。

1.宾语从句中的否定前移。

Old people____ _____good ____ ___in China. 2.宾从的时态、语序以及疑问词+to do

8.当我们到达电影院时，电影已经开始半小时了。

3.被动语态（① 省to不定式还原；② 动词短语中的The film ____ ____ ___ for half an hour when I 介词不能遗漏）

______ the cimema.

4.状语从句中的一般现在时

9.直到公共汽车停下来才能开门。

5.完成时（长、短命动词的区别） ____ ____ the door ____ the bus _____. 6.It’s + adj + for / of sb to do sth 10.我认为明天他不会开会。

7.find / think / make it + adj + to do .

I ____ ____ he ____ ____ a meeting tomorrow. 8.动词不定式（作定语的不定式要求是及物动词或及11.汤姆不知道怎么处理这本图书馆藏书。

物动词短语）

Tom doesn’t know ____ ___ ____ _____ the 9.被动语态的一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时、library book.

一般将来时、现在进行时。 12.老师问我做这道数学题花了多少时间。

10.尽可能考虑短语的固定用法

The teacher asked me how long ___ ____ me ___ 练 习

___ the maths problem.

13.昨天我把钥匙忘在了办公室。

1.我觉得用英语回答这个问题很容易。

I ____ my key ___ ___ _____ yesterday. I found ___ very ____ ___ _____ the question in 14.他不知道下一步怎么办。

English.

He doesn’t know ____ ___ ___ next. 2.学好英语对我们来说是很重要的。

15.格林在访问中国。

___ very important ___ ___ ___ study English well. Mr. Green is ___ ___ _____ ___ China. 3.在旧社会，他们被迫日夜不停地工作。

16.这幢楼房已建成十年了。

They ____ ____ ___ ____ day and night in the old The building ____ _____ ____ for 10 years days.

17.我不知道明天是否去北京。

4.这个小孩没有球玩，所以他不高兴。

I don’t know _____ ___ ____ to Beijing tomorrow. The child has no ball ___ ____ ____ , so he is 18.他父亲死了五年了。

________.

____ 5 years _____ his father _____.

5.这间屋子对我们来说太小了而不能住。 19.今天，在美国仍有许多树在继续被砍伐

The room is too small ___ us ___ ____ ___ Today, too many trees ____ still ____ ____ down in 6.我花了一个半小时的时间来完成家庭作业

the USA.

___ ____ me one and a half ______ ___ finish my 20.许多好地和森林一起消失了，留下来的只有沙漠。 homework.

A lot of good land ____ ____ _____ the forests, 初中英语中考总复习综合知识归纳系列第19辑（共20辑） 语法要点及基础过关检测

________ only sand.

21.无论看起来多难的问题，他都能找到答案

___ _____ ____ difficult something seemed, he _____ find the answer.

22.既然很多人在生活中都会犯错误，格林先生决定再给吉姆一次机会。

_____ a lot of people make mistakes __ ____, Mr. Green decided to give Jim another ____. 23.三个国家中Australia的人口最少。

Australia ____ ___ _____ people ___ the three countries.

24.多亏了太空卫星，世界变小了。

_____ ___ space satellites, the world ___ _____ a much small place.

25.人们每年都在山上种植各种各样的树。

______ _______ of trees ______ _______ on the hills every year.

26.王力跑得如此快，以致于我们都赶不上他

Wang Li ran _____ fast ______ we couldn’t ______ ______ with him.

27.这个问题太难了，我回答不了。

This question was _____ ______ that I couldn’t ______ _____.

28.张老师来我家时，我正在做家务活。

I ____ _________ my housework when Mr. Zhang ______ _______ my home.

29.这是今天唯一不能忘记的一件事情。

This is the _______ thing ______ I ______ _______ today.

30.你能告诉我他看起来象谁吗？

Could you tell me _____ _______ _______ ________?

30

31.你看明天有可能完成真项工作？

只有读懂句中划线部分指上文中的telephone，才能写Do you think ______ possible ______ _______ this 出正确答案it。 ________ tomorrow?

二、在通读短文的基础上，一句一句地仔细阅读短文。 32.姚明是世界上最高的篮球运动员之一。

（一）从语法分析入手

Yao Ming is one of the ________ basketball ________ in 1)冠词a; an; the或省冠词（如不可数名词）

the world.

2)区别可数、不可数。若是可数名词则应注意该单

33.嘲笑残疾人是不礼貌的。

数还是复数（且注意复数的变化形式是否正确。 It is not ________ to laugh ______ the disabled people. 3)形、副区别：①判定该形还是副。②注意形、副

34.没有空气和水，我们不能生存。 的比较等级（且注意变化形式）。

We _________ live ________ air or water. 4)代词：①区别主格、宾格。②区别形容词性物主

35.祝你学习英语顺利。

代词与名词性物主代词。③区别this / that、these Good ______ _______ your English. / those、one / ones、it / them。④不定代词（区别36.他把大部分的时间花在读小说上。

二者与三者；单数还是复数；肯定还是否定） _____ ____ his time ___ ______ in reading stories. 5)动词：① 时态、语态（主谓一致、动词各种变化

37.我们跟着老师走进了会议室。

形式是否正确）及非谓语形式——不定式和动名We ______ our teacher _____ ______ _____ the 词。② 动词短语的固定形式（如listen to与meeting-room.

listen）。③ 区别近义词（如hear与listen to）。 38.步行到我家大约有20分钟的路程。 6)数词：判定该基数词还是序数词（以及序数词的

My house____about _____ ______ ____ foot. 变化形式）。

39.李磊没时间仔细考虑这道题。

7)介词：正确区别、运用介词。 ______ no time ____ Li Lei ____ _____ about this 8)连词：正确区别、运用连词。

problem carefully.

（二）从句子结构判定所用词是否恰当（重点从句子短文改错题方法指导

成分的角度着手，该用何词性）。

（三）注意固定搭配（如the way to …）。

做短文改错题应注意以下几个步骤：

三、用改正后的答案代替相应的划线部分，从头到尾反复阅读短文，验证改正的答案是否正确。

一、首先通读短文，初步理解短文大意，同时改正一下列短文的划线部分可能有误，正确的划“√”，错些较容易的错误。短文中的一些句子就其本身来看，误的请改正。

无法确定划线部分错在何处，只有通读全文，了解句子与句子之间的关系，特别是划线部分与上下文的关( A )

系，才能找出正确答案。如：“When his mother was out, Mr. and Mrs. Green had a son. They called him James the telephone rang and Jimmy answered them.”一句中，

and loved him very much. But there was anything (1)

初中英语中考总复习综合知识归纳系列第19辑（共20辑） 语法要点及基础过关检测

wrong with the child. He did everything slow (2) and could not take care of him (3). His parents did not know what was (4) wrong. So one day they took him to a doctor. The doctor looked up (5) James carefully and found the boy couldn’t see anything. So (6) the doctor said he can (7) do nothing to help the boy.

A few years later, Mr. and Mrs. Green listened (8) there was a good doctor in a town not far away. So they took the boy to visit him. The doctor did a small operation with (9) James. After the operation James could see. What (10) happy everyone was. 1._________ 2._________ 3._________ 4._________ 5._________ 6._________ 7._________ 8._________ 9._________ 10._________

( B )

An eleven-year-old boy in a small town wanted being (1) a train driver. But the boy was born without arms. His father taught him to use his feet for (2) ―hands‖. He couldn’t go to school, so (3) he spent all his time watch (4) trains coming and going because he lived near the station. What (5) he wanted to be a train driver!

One day he saw an empty train and climb (6) in. It was not difficult for him to start it with his feet. Soon the train was traveling in (7) forty miles an hour, and the workers there could do something (8) to stop it. When he drove back to the town and stopped at the station, a worker got on it. At last (9) he was very angry, but he laughed when the boy said, ―I liked (10) trains.‖ ―Well , I’m glad you don’t like planes!‖

1._________ 2._________ 3._________

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4._________ 5._________ 6._________ 1._________ 2._________ 3._________ 7._________ 8._________ 9._________ 4._________ 5._________ 6._________ 10._________

7._________ 8._________ 9._________ ( C )

10._________

While Bill was cleaning (1) the classroom after school ( E )

last Monday, his classmate, Lily, closed the door or (2) There is a library in our school. It is large and there is locked it, because she thought there was somebody (3) in (1) many books in it. Anyone may borrow books to (2) it the class- room. Bill couldn’t get out and have (4) to stay and it cost (3) nothing to borrow them. Usually you may in the classroom. Three hours ago (5), the teacher came borrow as many of (4) four books at a time. Books and opened the door. She surprised (6) to see him there. maybe (5) kept for two weeks. New story-books are On (7) that time Bill was much (8)cold and hungry. always popular and some books, for example, books for Now when Bill stays late in the classroom, he takes (9) (6) history, science , cooking are also well-liked. So a note on the door, ―I’m yet (10) in the room. Don’t lock some times (7) when you go to the library to borrow a the door.‖

book, it may be out. What can you do? You can ask the 1._________ 2._________ 3._________ librarian call (8) it back. The librarian will let you know 4._________ 5._________ 6._________ when the book has been returned and will be (9) ready 7._________ 8._________ 9._________ for you. You have to take care of the books. If you lose 10._________

the book, you will be in trouble, and have to pay it (10). ( D )

1._________ 2._________ 3._________ 4._________ 5._________ 6._________ Which is the better (1) way to learn a foreign language? 7._________ 8._________ 9._________ We all remember that we learn (2)our own language well 10._________

(3) when we were children. If we can learn a second language in the same way, it will (4) seem so difficult. ( F )

Think of what a small child does. He listens to what The sea is very big. It covers three quarters of the people speak (5) and try (6) to imitate (模仿)what he earth, The sea is also very deep in some place (1). There hears. When he wants something, he asks for it. In this is one place and at that place the sea are (2) about 11 way, he using (7) the language. He thinks and speaks kilometres deep. The higher (3) mountain in the world is with (8) the new language all the time. After (9) people about 9 kilometres high. When (4) that mountain put (5) use a second language like this, they will learn it quickly into the sea at that place, there would still be two (6) (10) than before.

kilometers above it.

初中英语中考总复习综合知识归纳系列第19辑（共20辑） 语法要点及基础过关检测

In some parts of the sea, there are many kinds of fishes and plants. Some lives (7) near the top of the sea. Other (8) live deep down. There are either (9) a lot of small living things. Lots of fish live by (10) eating them. 1._________ 2._________ 3._________ 4._________ 5._________ 6._________ 7._________ 8._________ 9._________ 10._________

(G)

One day when Jack was walked (1)in the park, he saw a woman sat (2) in a chair with a dog beside hers (3). The dog was looking down (4) at the woman. Jack walked up to the woman and said (5), ―Hello, Sue, what (6) are you? May I sit and say (7)with you for a while?‖

―Of course, please sit (8) down,‖ Sue said.

Jack sat down next to Sue in the chair but (9) they talked quiet (10)together. 1._________ 2._________ 3._________ 4._________ 5._________ 6._________ 7._________ 8._________ 9._________ 10._________

(H)

When Peter was a boy, he likes (1) watches and clocks very much. When he was eighteen years old, he began to teach him (2) to mend watches. A lot of his friends brought him broken watches, and he mended it (3) when he was free.

One day, a policeman heared (4) about this and brought him a watch and said, ―My watch has stopped.

32

Can you mend it to (5)me, please?‖

Peter said, ―Yes, sir. I can.‖ After a few days (6), he brought the watch back to the policeman.

more large (2) inventions: the helicopter in 1990, movies by (3) sound in 1926, the computer in 1928 and the jet plane in 1930. The middle part of the 20th century bring ( )6. ―How beautifully you write!‖ ―______‖ A. Not at all B. Thank you C. Don’t say so

( )7. ―I’m going to the south for a few days.‖ ―_____‖ ―How many (7) do I give you?‖ the policeman asked. (4) new ways to help people get over disease (5). They ―Two dollars, sir,‖ Peter answered. Then he took (8) a made people healthier and live long (6). By this time small box out of his pocket and gave it for (9)the most people had a very well (7) life. Of course new policeman. ―Here are three wheels from your watch. I inventions continued to be made. The world is (8) known didn’t find a place for them when I put anything (10) to man and (9) the universe was not. Many countries back.

began looking (10) for ways to go into space. Russian 1._________ 2._________ 3._________ made the first step.

4._________ 5._________ 6._________ 1._________ 2._________ 3._________ 7._________ 8._________ 9._________ 4._________ 5._________ 6._________ 10._________

7._________ 8._________ 9._________ (I)

10._________

The animals are use (1) to the desert people in many 交际用语 ways (2). They eat the meat, drink the milk of the A)选择填空

animals. They use camels (骆驼) to(3) carrying water, ( )1 ―Happy New Year to you, Mary!‖ ―___‖ food, tents(帐篷)and other(4)things. The people of the A. Thanks for your help B. The same to you desert have to keep move(5)from place to place. They C. You are so kind must always watch (6) for grass or desert plants for their ( )2. ―Let’s go to the zoo, shall we?‖ ―_____‖ animals. When there is not(7) more food for their A. All right B. You are welcome animals, they move to another place. The desert people is C. Yes, we shall (8) friendly. They would never refuse to help (9) people ( )3. ―Will you please come to my birthday party this in trouble, but(10) they would give them food and water. Saturday?‖ ―_______‖ 1._________ 2._________ 3._________ A. Yes, I do B. No, I don’t C. Yes, I’d love to 4._________ 5._________ 6._________ ( )4. ―Could I have your name, please?‖ ―_____‖ 7._________ 8._________ 9._________ A. You’re polite 10._________

B. Call me John C. It’s kind of you ( H )

( )5. ―Excuse me, may I ask you a question?‖ ―______‖ A. Not at all We know that the last (1) part of the 20th century saw B. Yes, of course C. You ask 初中英语中考总复习综合知识归纳系列第19辑（共20辑） 语法要点及基础过关检测

A. Yes, I am

B. Have a good time C. I like it

( )8. ―Could I speak to the headmaster?‖ ―_____, please.‖ A. Hold on for a moment B. Speak loudly C. What’s wrong

( )9. ―Would you like to have another cup of tea?‖ ―______‖

A. Yes, I do B. Not at all C. No, thanks

( )10. ―Do you think I can borrow your eraser?‖ ― _____‖ A. Yes, help yourself

B. Yes, I think so C. No, I don’t think so

( )11. ―I’m afraid I have to leave a little earlier. My

mother is ill in bed.‖ ―____. I hope she will be better

soon.‖ A. It’s nothing B. Nothing serious C. I’m sorry to hear that ( )12. ―Don’t forget to come to our school tomorrow.‖ ―______‖ A. I don’t B. I can’t C. I won’t ( )13. ―Thank you for having us. We had a very good time today.‖ ―____. Bye.‖ A. No, thank you B. It was my pleasure C. You shouldn’t say that ( )14. ―Hello! Could I speak to Miss Green?‖ ―______‖ A. Speaking B.Who are you C.I’m Miss Green ( )15. ―I’m sorry to trouble you, Miss Gao.‖ ―______‖ A. It’s very kind of you B. The same to you C. It doesn’t matter

33

( )16. ―Don’t throw paper on the ground.‖ seeing.‖ ― ____‖ A. I’m sorry to hear it B. What a pity A. I’m sorry B. Thank you C. You’re welcome C. I’m sorry about it ( )17. ―Happy Birthday to you.‖ ―______‖ ( )27.When you see ____ on the way to a forest, you A. Thank you B. That’s OK should drive carefully. C. Happy Birthday to you, too A. DANGER B. STOP C. CLOSED ( )18. ―What’s the matter with you?‖ ―_____‖ ( )28.When you see a picture with ____ in an art A. No matters museum, you mustn’t photo it. B. What matter C. Nothing serious A. NO PARKING B. NO PHOTOS ( )19. ―Shall I close the window?‖ ―_____‖ C. NO SMOKING A. No, please don’t B. Not at all ( )29. ―Would you like some tea?‖ ―____‖ C. Don’t do that now A. Thank you for asking me ( )20. ―What’s the weather like today?‖ ― ____‖ B. If you please C. Thanks, that would fine A. It will be fine ( )30. ―How is it today?‖ ―____‖ B. It’s rather cold C. It’s nine for a walk A. It’s rain B. It’s too much rain C. It’s fine ( )21. ―You have done a good job.‖ ―____‖ ( )31. ―What day is it today?‖ ―_____‖ A. No, I don’t do well enough A. It’s sunny B. It’s Sunday C. It’s May 12th B. You are welcome B）补全对话，每空一词 C. It’s very kind of you ( A ) ( )22. ―I’m sorry, could you repeat it?‖ ―____‖ A: What can I do ____ you? A. Yes, you are welcome B: I’d like a _____ of shoes. B. Certainly C. That’s nothing A: What size do you wear? ( )23. ―How is your father?‖ ―_____‖ B: Twenty four cm. A. I’m fine B. He is good A: What ______ do you like? C. He’s feeling bad B: I like brown very much.

( )24.未听清别人的话，要求对方重复时说_____. A.

A: What _____ the one on the right? I’m happy B. I’m sorry C. Pardon B: It ____ very nice. May I ____ them ____? ( )25. ―Nice weather today, isn’t it?‖ ―____‖ A: Of course. Here you _____. A. Beautiful, isn’t it B. No, it isn’t B: They fit me quite well. How ____ are they? C. I think it’s too sunny A: One hundred and twenty yuan. ( )26. ―What did you do last night? Why did you not go B: All right. I’ll _____ this pair. to see the film?‖ ―____. The film is really worth ( B )

初中英语中考总复习综合知识归纳系列第19辑（共20辑） 语法要点及基础过关检测

A: Sorry, I don’t know. You’d better ____ the policeman

over there.

B: Thank you all the same.

A: Excuse me. ____ is the way to the People’s Hospital. C: Go down this street, turn right and walk on ____ you reach the first ____. Then turn right _____ and you’ll see that hospital in ____ of you. A : How far is it _____ here. B: It’s about 2 kilometres.

A: My son is badly ill. He can’t walk any longer. ____ can we get there:?

B: You can go there ____ bus. Oh, sorry. It’s very late and there is no bus now. You’d better ______ a taxi. A: I see, Thank you very much. B: You are welcome.

( C )

A: Good morning! ____ I help you? B: I’d like a sweater ___ my daughter.

A: Certainly. The woolen sweaters are hanging _____ and the cotton ______ are hanging there. _____would you like?

B: I’ll have a _____ at the woolen ones. Thank you. A: No hurry! Please take your time.

B: I can’t decide which sweater to _____! A: Let me help! Do you like this one? B: No, this one is too large. A: What about this one?

B: No, I _____ like the colour. A: What ______ do you want?

B: Green. Look! That one , over there.

A: Yes, it’s green. What ______ do you want? B: A middle-sized one.

34

A: OK… Here you are.

( D )

A: Hello, 88890921.

B: Hello! Could I _______ to Ann, please?

A: I’m _____ not. She isn’t here at the moment. Can you reads outside in the schoolyard. Sometimes she reads a few lines, puts down the book, walks a few steps and (3)________ for a while and then walks away with the book. But last week Grandma forgot to take the book when she (4) _______ home. She was worried and asked One day I was visiting one of my friends in a big town. Suddenly a piece of beautiful music(1) to my ears. My friend’s father quickly picked up some rubbish and went outside. I asked my friend, ―What (2) ?‖

My friend said that there was a truck (3) _______ a message?

her friends, ―Have you seen a history book? I think I (5) B: OK. This is Bill here. Is _____ Mrs Green? __________ it.‖ The next day she went to the librarian A: Yes, this is Ann’s mother.

and said to her, ―I’m very sorry. I borrowed a history B: Thank you very much _____ asking me to Ann’s book from the library last week. But I can’t find it. I birthday party on Sunday. I’m very sorry, _____ I can’t think I’ve lost it.‖

come.

―Don’t worry. You (6) _________ it,‖ said the A: Oh, I’m sorry to _______ that.

librarian.

B: We are ____ to be in Shanghai that day. I hope you Several days later Grandma came to the library (7) will have a good ______.

_____________ some more books. The librarian asked A: Thank you. I’ll give her the _______. her, ―Have you found the book?‖ ―Not yet. I’ve looked B: Thank you. Bye-bye.

for it everywhere, but I still can’t find it.

动 词 填 空

―Don’t worry. Someone will probably find it and return it sooner or later.‖ A few days later, the book was 用所给动词或动词短语的适当形式填空，其中有still missing. What was worse, Grandma lost more books. 两个多余选项。

She (8) _________ and so was the librarian. ―I’m afraid ( A )

I’ll have to pay for the lost books,‖ said Grandma sadly. One day the librarian came up with an idea. She asked think; lose ; borrow; lend ; find ; leave for Grandma (9) _________a bookmark in each of the find out ; buy ; read ; return ; put ; worry borrowed books with the words: ―If you find this book, My grandma is already eighty years old. She used to please return it to the school library. ?‖ Grandma be a history teacher. Her hobby is (1)________. She likes thought it was a wonderful idea. Now her lost books are reading on many different subjects. She often borrows usually (10) __________ to the library.

books from the school library. She (2)___________ a lot of books, too. She often says, ―I love books. Books are ( B )

my best friends. They give me knowledge and make me recycle; collect ; go ; take care of ; happy.‖

come; protect; throw ; help ; draw; Grandma likes to borrow books from the library and

make ; keep; happen 初中英语中考总复习综合知识归纳系列第19辑（共20辑） 语法要点及基础过关检测

rubbish outside.

―Whenever someone (4) in some rubbish, it produces a piece of music. As soon as other people hear it, they go out with their rubbish and throw it in.‖

―It’s a pleasant way (5) keep our city clean,‖ said my friend.

(6) our environment is very important. Wherever you live, you can do something around your neighborhood.

Have you ever thrown any litter onto the ground? Have you ever(7) pictures on public walls? Have you ever spat in a public place? Have you ever cut down trees? If your answers are ―No‖, it means that you have already helped protect our environment.

It is our duty(8) our environment clean and tidy. You might ask yourself, ―Have I ever picked up some rubbish and thrown it into a dustbin? Have I ever collected waste paper or bottles for (9) ? Have I ever planted any trees or flowers in or near my neighborhood?‖ If your answers are ―Yes‖, it means that you have already done something useful to improve the environment.

If everyone makes a contribution to (10)____ the environment, the world will become much more beautiful.

( C )

35

take ; sleep ; walk ; give ; sell ; get dive ; allow ; see ; call ; explore ; help rush; travel; watch ; be; offer; look invite ; be ; invent ; cover ; look ; save Jim Green (1)_______ in China for more than two Not too long ago, people couldn’t go scuba diving on years. He has been to many interesting places in Beijing, Hainan Island, or anywhere else. This was because there but he has not yet been to many other parts of China. was no machine (1)__________ a person to breathe Last week he went to Mount Emei in Sichuan Province under water for a long time. In 1943 Jacques Cousteau with his family.

and his friends made it possible by (2)__________ the Many people like to travel by air, but Jim’s family scuba machine. Cousteau was very interested in (3) think that (2)________ by train is the best. It is much _________ deep into the sea , and wanted cheaper and far more enjoyable than a (3) _______ trip (4)___________an explorer. He bought a ship and used by air. They had a wonderful train ride to Chengdu it (5)___________ under the sea.

before they went on to Mount Emei by bus.

Cousteau also liked to make videos. As he explored Early one morning, they (4)_______ a taxi to Beijing the sea, he took pictures and videos of many things that West Railway Station. The station was very lively. There people (6)_____never_______before. He even made a were bookshops, food shops and stores (5)___________ TV show which ran for eight years. It (7)__________ all kinds of things. Mrs Green bought some fruit, food The Undersea World of Jacques Cousteau. It was very and bottles of water to take on the train. She said that it popular and let many people see what life was like under was better (6)______ some food before they got on the the sea.

train because food on the train was usually too As a boy, Cousteau loved the coral reefs in the sea by expensive.

his home. He was amazed at all the colours, and all the The train was quite comfortable, and there weren’t too beautiful fish. However, when he returned some years many people in their (7)________ car. The Greens could later, the colourful coral reefs were dead and grey. He stand up and (8)_______ around. It was a long journey, decided to tell people how important it was (8)________ but none of them felt tired. They kept (9)__________ the the environment under the sea. He started the Cousteau beautiful scenery out of the window. They talked, Society (9)_______ protect life in the sea. Now there are laughed and played cards. The conductor kept coming over 30,000 members all over the world. Since water (10)__________ them hot water and selling them (10)__________ most of the earth, Cousteau knew we magazines. People nearby talked with each other. A should keep the seas clean. We should not litter the seas, young man practiced speaking English with Mr. Green. and should clean up the dirty parts. As water is very Jim thought the train was like a big moving pary.

important to our environment, he encouraged everyone （4）

to take part in protecting our lakes, rivers, seas and colours.

初中英语中考总复习综合知识归纳系列第19辑（共20辑） 语法要点及基础过关检测

( 5 ) open ; base ; come ; bring ; go ; do land ; take ; fall ; sing ; name ; call During the Christmas season friends get together and go from house to house (1)_________ Christmas songs. They do this for fun and (2) __________ the spirit of Christmas to the people in each house. Then on Christmas Eve—the night before Christmas Day—children put stocking at the end of their beds before they go to sleep. Their parents usually tell them that Father Christmas (3)_________ during the night. Some people even put up stocking for their pets as well.

Father Christmas is a very kind-hearted man. He (4)_______ on top of each house all over the world and climbs down the chimney. He then fills the stocking with Christmas presents. But who is Father Christmas? Can a man really climb down the chimney of every house in the world in a single night? Of course not.

Father Christmas (5)_________ on a real person in history. In Turkey, there once was a man (6)_______ Saint Nicholas. He was a very shy person. He wanted to give money to the poor. But he did not want them to know that the money came from him. He didn’t know what (7)_____. It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house and dropped some money down a chimney. It (8)______ into a stocking that a little girl had hung by the fireplace to dry! Even though Father Christmas is no longer living, his spirit of generosity lives on today.

Christmas Day always begins before breakfast. Children wake up very early, and can’t to open the presents in their stockings and under the tree. They wake

36

up the other family members, (9)________, ―Merry visit ; mean ; be ; see ; found; Christmas!‖ After all the presents (10)______, the family lie ; be covered with ; explain ; will usually have a delicious breakfast. They spend the find ; discover ; lay ; disappear; day playing with the new toys and visiting their relatives Last Saturday afternoon, Wei Hua and her and friends. They greet each other with a hug and say, classmates(1) the Museum of Natural History.

―Merry Christmas!‖

They were very interested in dinosaurs

( 6 )

―Can we see dinosaurs here?‖ Wei Hua asked Miss Li,

their guides.

come ; warn ; say ; eat ; change ; swim ―Yes!, of course. There is an underground Dinosaur

speak ; seen ; feed ; attack ; be ; attract World. There you (2) the fossils of many kinds

Sharks (1)_______ around for a very long time. It of dinosaurs. Shall we go to visit the dinosaurs first?‖

(2)_______ they have been on earth for thousands of ―Yes! Let’s go!‖ All the students cheered. Then they

years, and (3)__________ very little. A shark is a fish, went to the dinosaur World.

but is has many differences from a fish. For one thing, if ―Oh, look! These must be dinosaur eggs. They are so

a shark stops (4)_________, it will sink.

big!‖ Lucy shouted.

Not all sharks are alike. There are between 200 and ―Yes. These eggs (3) in the Gobi Desert by

250 kinds of sharks. They (5)_______ in different sizes. a group of scientists in the 1920s,‖ Miss Li said.

The largest can be as long as 15 metres. It eats plants ―So these eggs (4) long long ago by from the sea, but many sharks (6) ______ on fish, other dinosaurs!‖ Lily said sea animals, smaller sharks and sometimes they eat Mill Li smiled, ―These eggs were laid about 95 million people. It(7)_______ that one of the most dangerous years ago.‖ sharks is the Great White Shark. They (8)_________ a ―95 millions ago? That (5) dinosaurs lived number of people off the beaches of America. Australia, long before human beings appeared! But we can’t see New Zealand and South Africa also have shark attacks. any dinosaurs today. That’s a pity!‖ said Lin Tao. In some places there are watchtowers on the beaches ―Yes. Dinosaurs lived on the earth for more than 150 (9)________ people about sharks in the water. When a million years, and then (6)_________about 65 million shark appears, a bell rings to tell the people to get out of years ago. Scientists try (7) their the water. Sharks attack about 100 people a year in the disappearance, but they’ve got more questions than world. Perhaps the shark just thinks that the person is a answers,‖ said Miss Li. ―And now there is a very special kind of sea animal, or something good (10)_________.

dinosaur on display. It was discovered in Liaoning ( 7 )

Province. I say it is special because the dinosaur (8) feathers!‖ 初中英语中考总复习综合知识归纳系列第19辑（共20辑） 语法要点及基础过关检测

―With feathers Like birds?‖ The students could not believe their ears. ―Look!‖ Miss Li showed them a picture of the feathered dinosaur, ―You see, it looks like a big bird. Some scientists believe that dinosaurs have not disappeared, but they have become birds.‖ ―That’s very interesting. I want (9)________ a scientist in the future and study dinosaurs!‖ said Song Dan. ―Good. Then we can see many dinosaurs (10)__________by you in this museum,‖ said Miss Li, and all the students laughed. ( 9 )

need ; save ; hit ; grow ; live work ;build ; stay ; prevent; plant ; blow ; be covered with Forests help to keep water from running away, so drought does not often happen. The trees in the forests can keep rain drops from (1)_______the soil directly, so the soil is not easily washed away. The dead leaves on the ground also keep the water from running away. The water then (2)_______in one place and is used by the trees in the forests. In this way, floods(3)________. Chinese people do not want to see more floods and droughts, so they (4)________a new Great Wall across the northern part of the country. This time, it is a ―Great Wall‖ of trees, millions of trees. The Great Green Wall is 7,000 kilometers long, and between 400 and 1,700 kilometers wide. The Great Green Wall will stop the wind from (5) the earth away. It will stop the sand from moving towards the rich

37

farmland in the south. It (6) already a lot So it (2)________, hour after hour. In one day, people of land. But more ―Great Green have (3)________ food for over 370,000 more mouths. Walls‖(7)_____still , and not only in China. Multiply this by 365. Just think how many more there They must be built all over the world.

will be in one year! What (4)_________ in a hundred Wang Feng is a worker at Yulin in Shaaxi Province. years?

He works on the Great Green Wall with many other The (5)_________ population is growing faster and people. We visited him at his workplace among the faster. Two thousand years ago, there were only 250 young trees and asked him about his work.. ―Many million people on the earth. Four hundred years ago, the thousands of trees must (8) every year,‖ he said. number (6)_______ over 500 million. At the beginning ―The more, the better. This year alone, we’ve already of the twentieth century, the world’s population was planted ten thousand trees. You see all those small trees about 1.7 billion. In 1970, this number was over 3.6 over there on that hill? That was sand five years ago. billion. In 1990, it (7)_________ more than five billion. Now it’s a young forest! In a few years’ time, those Now at the beginning of the 21st the world’s population mountains (9)_________trees, too!‖ He pointed to the (8)__________ six billion. People say that by the year high mountains far away.

2010, it may be seven billion. That (9)________ that in Was it difficult (10)__________on the Great Green about 600 years, there will be standing room only on the Wall?

earth. Each person will have one half to one square metre ―Yes. It’s hard work, but it’s very important. The only of space (10)____________. There will be hardly problem is you can’t eat trees! We have to grow our own enough space for anybody else.

food , too. But thanks to the Great Green Wall, the land produces more crops. So the more trees there are, the ( 11 )

better harvests we have.

do ; sleep ; get ; bring ; rock ; ( 10 )

break,buy ; drop ; crash ; say ; reach ; take be born ; go on ; leave ; increase ; One Friday morning in San Francisco, Robert Parley, a come ; happen ; mean ; pass ; baby, (1) ___________ in his bed. The family pet , a dog, reach ; produce ; live in ; be was asleep on the floor beside the baby’s bed. Mrs. Look at your watch for just one minute. During that Parley was busy (2)___________ her housework. time , the population of the world increased by 259. Suddenly an earthquake (3)_________ the city.

Perhaps you think that isn’t much. However, during the Mrs. Parley said she felt as if she was in a storm at sea. next hour, over 15,540 more babies (1)________on the She tried hard (4) _________ the baby’s room, but the earth.

house broke in two , (5)__________ her to the first floor

初中英语中考总复习综合知识归纳系列第19辑（共20辑） 语法要点及基础过关检测

and leaving with baby’s bed hanging on the edge of the story house.

Mrs Parley tried to climb to the second floor, but she couldn’t because she (6)____________ her leg. She shouted to the dog, Cody, (7)___________the baby. The dog jumped into little Robert’s bed and carefully grabbed the baby in his mouth. The dog then jumped out of the bed with the baby, just as the bed (8)_____ to the first floor.

Mrs Parley called the police on her mobile phone and half an hour later, they climbed to the second floor to get the dog and the baby. The police said baby Robert didn’t cry at all. Baby Robert and his mother (9)____________ to the hospital, with Cody the dog right beside them. All are now doing well. It is true (10)__________ a dog is man’s best friend or at least Robert’s best friend.

( 12 )

help ; take ; carry ; make ; beat ; relax do ; surprise ; please ; be ; win ; score In a (1)_____________ result, the No. 69 Middle School girls’ football team yesterday (2)_______ their school’s boy’s team. The boys’ team used (3)________ the girls with the training. They had never lost to the girls before, but this time the girls beat them 4-3 in an exciting match.

After the game, Wu Nai, captain of the boys’ team, was very unhappy. ―We all thought this (4)__________ an easy game,‖ he said. ―We never thought a team of girls could beat us. This is the most unlucky day of my life.‖

But Mr. Hu, the boys’ PE teacher, said he thought the

38

girls deserved (5)________. ―The boys were too 或句子（从句）。在句中起主要作用的是主语、谓语，confident,‖ he said. ―I told them before the match that 称为主要成分；起次要作用的有宾语、宾语补足语、they needed to play well. They all thought that girls’ 定语、状语和表语，称为次要成分。所有的句子都是football was a joke. Now they know better. They played 在简单句的基础上展开的，所以我们首先讨论简单句carelessly, and they deserved to lose.‖

的五种基本句型。

The match had started well for the boys. After 30 minutes, they were winning 2-0. Their best striker, Lu 一、简单句的五种基本句型(Five kinds Ming, scored in the thirtieth minute. Earlier, the midfield player, Ma Zhengquan, had scored the first goal in only of simple sentences)

the second minute of the match. His excellent shot went （一） 主语 + 不及物动词（主、谓结构）

low to the left of the girls’ goal. Their keeper, Jiang Mei, eg. 1）He is working. 2）He cooks.

could not stop it.

（二） 主语+ 及物动词 + 宾语（主、谓、宾结构）

However, after the first half hour, the boys seemed to eg. 1）We study English every day. become too confident and (7)_________. At first, the 2）They are playing football

girls had felt a bit nervous, but then they became more （三） 主语+ 连系动词 + 表语（主、系、表结构）

and more confident. Just before half time, Li Xiaolin eg. 1）Trees turn green. 2）He is happy. made the score 2-1, with a beautiful shot into the top 常见的连系动词有：be ; become ; get（“天气”变得）; right-hand corner of the boys’ goal.

turn（“颜色”变得）; feel（觉得/摸起来）; look(看起 In the second half, the boys were the first to score. 来)；smell(闻起来); sound(听起来)；taste(尝起来)；Another great shot from Lu Ming went over Jiang Mei’s seem(似乎). head and into the middle of the goal. However, after that 特别注意：

the boys became relaxed and lazy, but the girls a) 连系动词后常接形容词常作表语；

(8)______ on working hard. Hao Meiling scored in the b) be / become后常接名词或相当于名词的短语（不定68th minute, (9)________ the score 3-2. Then Li Xiaolin 式/动名词）做表语。

scored twice in the last six minutes to make the final c) seem + 形容词 = seem to be + 形容词 score 4-3. It was an amazing finish to an exciting match. eg.1)He is a teacher (名词做表语)

The girls’ PE teacher, Miss Wang , 2)His job is to feed animals (不定式做表语) (10)______________with their performance. ―They 3)His hobby is reading. (动名词做表语) were great!‖ she said.

4)He seems happy = He seems to be happy

一、句子成分：句子是有不同的各部分组成的，这

（四） 主语 + 及物动词 + 间宾（人）+ 直宾（物） =主语+ 及物动词 + 直宾（物）+ to / for + 间宾（人）

些部分就叫做句子成分。句子成分可以是单词、词组

常用的此类动词有：give ; pass ; show ; lend ; buy. 但

初中英语中考总复习综合知识归纳系列第19辑（共20辑） 语法要点及基础过关检测

buy与for连用

eg.1)I gave him a book.= I gave a book to him. 2)My mother bought me a pen yesterday. = My mother bought a pen for me.

（五） 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾补

注意作宾补的词：1）名词（指宾语是谁/什么）；2）形容词；3）不定式；4）动词的ing 形式。 eg.1)We call him Jim.（名词做宾补）

2)We must keep the window open.（形容词做宾补） 3)The news makes me happy (同上) 4)I found it hard to get to sleep (同上)

5)I think it useful to learn English well (同上)

6)He told me to wash the plates.（不定式做宾补） 7)I saw a thief going into your room. （动名词做宾

补） 特别注意：

1)动词不定式作宾补

A: ask / want / tell sb to do sth.

其否定式为：ask/want/tell sb not to do sth 2)省to不定式作宾补，即： (l, m, n; 3h; 2看; 1f) sb do sth

l—let, m—make, n—notice; 3h—hear, have , help; 2看—see, watch; 1f—feel.

eg.1)The boss made the workers work 12 hours every day.

2)I often hear him sing.

2)区别省to不定式作宾补与动词ing形式作宾补. hear / see sb do: 听见/看见某人做了某事 hear / see sb doing: 听见/看见某人在做某事

二、词类和句子成分的关系。

（一）词类相互间的关系。

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1．形容词、数词通常修饰名词（有时名词也可以修饰另外一个名词），形容词还可修饰代词。例如： 1)The three tall and strong men are all basket- (定语) (主) (谓) (定语) ball players.（“主系表”结构）

(表语)

（介词短语of Class Two作定语，修饰the League 数词three和形容词tall , strong修饰名词men; 名词members. 介词短语in the school yard作地点状语,修basketball修饰名词players.

饰are having）

2)The writer often writes something interesting 连词只起连接词、词组和句子的作用。 (主) (壮) (谓) (宾) (定) He is so young that he can’t go to school. about children. （“主胃宾”结构） （that连接两句子）

(定)

（二）词类和句子成分的关系：

形容词interesting修饰不定代词something

1．主语：是句子要说明的人和物，是句子的主体，一2．副词常修饰动词、形容词和其他副词。例如：

般放在句首。名词、代词常在句中作主语。此外，动名词、动词不定式、主语从句也可作主语。例如： 1)Mr. Chen is a greadt scientist. (名词作主语)

2)He reads newspapers every day. (代词作主)

(副词well修饰plays，副词quite修饰另一副词well.)

3)Smoking is harmful to the health. (动名词作主语) 4)To swim in Kuming Lake is a great pleasure. (动词不定式作主语)

5)What we shall do next is not yet decided. (主语从句作(副词very修饰形容词interesting)

主语)

以上的名词、代词、数词、形容词、动词、副词称为2．谓语：说明主语的动作和状态。动词在句中作谓实词，可以在句中单独做一定的成分。

语，一般放在主语之后。例如：

3．冠词、介词、连词称为虚词，在句中不能单独构成1)The new term begins on September 1st .(行为动词作句子成分。冠词只能用于名词前；介词与它后面的名谓语)

词或代词构成介词短语，才能作一定的成分（定语、2)She seems tired. (连系动词作谓语)

状语和表语）。例如：

3)He has gone to Beijing. (行为动词作谓语)

3．宾语：及物动词涉及的人或物称为动词宾语。宾语一般放在及物动词（或相当于及物动词的短语）后。介词后的名词或代词称为介词宾语。名词、代词在句中常作宾语。此外，动词不定式、动名词和从句也可

初中英语中考总复习综合知识归纳系列第19辑（共20辑） 语法要点及基础过关检测

作宾语。例如：

1)Wang Ling lent me a novel. (代词me作间接宾语；名词a novel作直接宾语)

2)The medicine is good for a cough. ( 名词a cough作介词宾语)

3)My little sister always likes to ask questions. (不定式to ask questions作动词likes 的宾语)

4)His brother is good at playing chess. (动词名词playing chess作介词宾语)

5)Would you mind coming earlier tomorrow? (coming作动词宾语)

4．宾语补足语（复合宾语的第二部分）：在宾语后补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征的成分称为宾补。名词、形容词、动词不定式和动名词可作宾补。（见前面简单句的五种基本句型五）

5．表语：在连系动词后用来说明主语的身份、状态或特征的成分是表语。可作表语的有：名词、代词、形容词、介词短语、不定式、动名词以及表语从句。（参见简单句的五种基本句型三）

1)Wang Lin’s father is a doctor. (名词a doctor作表语，说明主语的身份是doctor)

2)He is from America. （介词短语from America作表语，说明主语的特征是“来自美国“）

3)The baby is asleep. (形容词asleep作表语，说明主语的状态是“睡着的”)

4)His work is teaching English. (动名词短语teaching English作表语，说明主语特征是“教英语”)

5)This is why he was late for school(表语从句why he was late for school作表语。)

6．定语：用来修饰名词或代词的成分是定语。单词作定语通常放在它所修饰的词前；但修饰复合不定代词（nothing, anything, everything, something ,

40

somebody , anybody, …..）时，则放在这些不定代词之(副词often作状语，修饰动词tell)

后。短语和从句作定语时，也放在被修饰词之后。形3)Her mother usually goes out to do some shopping on 容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、介词短语、动词不Sundays. (副词usually以及介词短语on Sundays作状定式、现在分词、过去分词和定语从句等都可作定语。 语，修饰动词goes)

1)He is reading an interesting book. (形容词interesting4)He will leave for Shanghai the day after tomorrow. (名作定语,修饰名词book)

词词组the day after tomorrow作状语，修饰动词will 2)I have something important to tell you. (形容词leave)

important以及不定式to tell you作定语，修饰不定代5)He came here to see you. (动词不定式to see you作目词something)

的状语，

3)There are few women workers in the factory. (形容词6)He sat there reading a novel (现在分词短语reading a few 以及名词women作定语修饰名词workers)

novel作状语修饰动词sat)

4)The oil workers here come from Daqing. (名词oil以7)If I have some free time, I will study German. (条件状及副词here作定语修饰名词workers)

语从句If I have some free time作状语)

5)We have got ten desks in the room. (数词ten修饰名词desks)

三、用分析法确定一个单词在句中的词6)Yesterday the scientist made a report on modern science. （介词短语on modern science作定语修饰名性和成分。

词report.）

在英语中，一个单词往往有多种意思，应根据一7)The girl playing the piano is my younger sister. (现在个词在句中的位置确定它的词性、词义、和在句中的分词短语playing the piano作定语修饰名词girl)

成分。

8)This is the new dictionary which I bought yesterday. 1)Excuse me. I don’t want to listen to you any more. I (定语从句which I bought yesterday作定语修饰名词don’t think it’s a good excuse for being late for school dictionary)

第一个excuse是动词“原谅”；第二个excuse有冠词7．状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句的成分是状a修饰，它是一个名词“借口”，在此作表语）

语。修饰形容词的状语通常放在它所修饰的词之前，2)The scores are hard to believe. Team A has scored 修饰动词的状语通常放在动词后。但有些副词（如：eight goals.

often , always , usually等作状语放在事义动词之前，be 第一个score作主语，是一个名词“分数”；第二个score/助/情之后）。副词、介词短语、名词词组、动词不定作谓语，是一个动词“进球”

式、分词短语和状语从句都可以作状语。

3)The guide pointed to a red point on the map to show us 1)He knows how to learn English well. (副词well作状where the tomb is. 语，修饰动词learn)

第一个point作谓语，是一个动词“指着”；第二个point2)My parents often tell us about their hard life in the past.

作动词pointed to 的宾语，在此是一个名词“（红）点”

初中英语中考总复习综合知识归纳系列第19辑（共20辑） 语法要点及基础过关检测

4)When I felt some rain drops dropping on my face, I put on my raincoat.

第一个drop作动词felt的宾语，是一个名词“（雨）滴”；第二个drop是一个现在分词短语作宾语rain drops的宾语补足语，是一个动词“落下”

5)The sound from the church sounds very beautiful. 第一个sound作主语，是一个名词“声音”；第二个sound作谓语，是一个连系动词“听起来”。 6)She is a quiet girl. He does everything quietly.

第一处的quiet作定语修饰名词girl, 是一个形容词“安静的， 文静的”；第二处的quietly作状语修饰动词does, 是一个副词“安静地”

练 习

一、根据单词所在的位置和句子成分，判定下列划线

部分单词的词性。

1. Please close the window before you leave your home. ______

2. Wang Lin is one of my close friends.______ 3. We must keep the window open _______ 4. I forgot to mend my watch. _______ 5. They are watching TV now. _______ 6. I would like a bottle of water. _______ 7. He often waters the flowers _______ 8. She will go to Nanjing on a fast train _____ 9. His brother swims very fast. _______ 10. Let me have a swim. _______ 二、下列划线部分的句子成分。 1.My father was a teacher

2. The milk tastes fresh

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3.I am in a hurry to find a job ______________________________________

7．我没有笔写字。

4.I found your shoes under the bed ______________________________________

8．照片中的王太太看起来很年轻。

5.She gave her a present. ______________________________________

9．学好英语最好的方法是尽可能多的说。 6.The people all over the world are hoping for ______________________________________

peace. 初 三 重 点 短 语

1. a set of (一)套/组/副

7.The little girl can dress herself now. 2. all over = around / throughout

遍及?的每个部分 8.The man asked me not to play in the street. as long as 长达

3. as much as 多达

9.The book is very interesting as tall as 高达

4. a doctor for children 儿童医生 10.There is a truck collecting rubbish outside. 5. a number of 许多 (作主为复数)

the number of ?的数目/号码 (作主为单数) 三、把下列句子译成英语。（注意句子成分）。 6. as soon as possible 尽可能早地，尽快 1．我们已成功地完成了那项工作。

7. as well = too 也；又；同样地 ______________________________________

8. at the beginning of 在?初; 开始 2．我们的英语老师手里那着一本书走进了教室。 9. at the age of 在?岁时 _________________________________

10. at sea 在大海上

______________________________________ 11. at least 至少；起码 3．吉姆开中国有三年了。

at most 最多

______________________________________ 12. a place of interest = places of interest 名胜 4．那是“再见”的另一种说法。

13. allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事 ______________________________________ 14. be abroad 出国

5.说完这些话，他匆匆地去寻找那个失踪的孩子 15. be able to = can 能；会 ______________________________________ 16. be afraid of 害怕

______________________________________ 17. be excited about 对?感到兴奋 6．这种特殊的恐龙是我们国家发现的。

18. be amazed at 对?感到惊讶

初中英语中考总复习综合知识归纳系列第19辑（共20辑） 语法要点及基础过关检测

19. be made of 由?组成；由?构成 20. be proud of 以?自豪（高兴） 21. be worth doing ?值得做

22. be filled with = be full of 装满；充满 23. be covered with 被?覆盖 24. before long = soon 不久以后 long before 很久以前 25. be to do 打算做；将要做

be used for sth / doing sth 用于? 26. be used as 被当作?来使用

be used by 被?使用 27. break in two 裂成两半 28. be busy doing 忙于做? be busy with sth 忙于某事 29. 既?又?；两者都

30. beg one’s pardon 请原谅；对不起 31. by the time 在?时候以前 32. come true 实现

33. come up with 提出；提供 34. cut down 砍倒；砍伐

35. carry on 坚持下去；继续下去

36. come to one’s ears 传入（某人的）耳朵37. carry sb to safety 把某人带到安全地 38. can’t wait to do sth 迫不及待做某事 can’t help doing 情不自禁地做某事 39. drop off 放下（某物）；下车 40. deserve to do 做?理所应当 41. even though 即使

42. ever since 从那时起；此后一直

43. encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事 44. escape doing 逃脱做某事 45. far away 很远；遥远

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46. from now on 从今以后；今后 72. live on 继续存在，继续活着；靠?为生 47. find sb doing sth 发现某人做某事 73. leave +地点：离开某地

48. feed on/ upon 以?为食

leave for +地点：动身去某地；前往某地 49. feel like doing = want to do 想要做某事 74. make sure 确保；确认；查明 = would like to do 75. more or less 或多或少 give up sth 放弃某事

76. make a decision 作出决定 50. give up doing sth 放弃做某事

77. make a mistake 犯错误 = stop doing sth 78. make a progress 取得进步 51. go over 过一遍；复习；仔细检查 79. make up one’s mind 下决心 52. get an injection 打针；注射 80. multiply … by …. 以?乘以? 53. get …back 退还?；送回去 81. make sb + 形：使某人如何 54. give birth to 生孩子

make me happy 使我愉快

55. go straight along 沿着?直接走 make a contribution to sth 为某事做准备 56. hand in 交上来

82. make a contribution to doing sth 57. have a try 尝试；努力 为做某事做准备

58. hear of / about 听说 83. no matter what = whatever 无论什么 59. human being 人 84. not only… but also 不但?而且 60. hands up 举手

85. on display 陈列；展览 61. have… off 有?的休息

86. on show 展出

62. have / has got = have / has 有

87. on the other hand 另一方面；反过来说 63. have nothing to do with 与?无关 on the other side of 在?的另一面 have something to do with 与?有关 88. on business 经商

64. hour after hour 一小时一小时地；连续地 89. once upon a time 从前；很久以前 65. have sth done 请人做某事 =long , long ago

66. in this way 用这种方法

90. open up 开放；开业；开设 in different ways 以不同的方法 91. pick up 捡起；拾起

67. It seems that + 从句：似乎；好象 92. point at 指着；指向（近物） 68. It is said 据说 point to 指向?（远物） 69. in history 历史上

93. put off 推迟；拖延 70. in a few year’s time 几年时间后 94. put up 挂起；举起

= in a few years 95. prefer to do rather than do 宁愿做?而不愿做?71. keep off 避开；防止 96. run away 流失；逃跑；逃走 初中英语中考总复习综合知识归纳系列第19辑（共20辑） 语法要点及基础过关检测

97. rush out 冲出去

98. regard … as 把?当作?；当作

99. receive / get a letter from 收到某人的来信 =hear from

100. send up 发射；把?往上送 101. set one’s mind to do 一心想做? 102. shut down 把?关上 103. slow down 减缓；减速 104. so far 到目前为止 105. so that 以便；以致

some more books 另外的书 106. two more books 另外的两本书 = another two books 107. speak highly of 称赞 108. spill over 溢出

109. thanks to 由于=because of ；幸亏 110. think about 考虑

111. think of 认为；想起

think much/ a lot of 对?评价高；看重 112. turn down 调低；调小 turn up 调高；调大 113. try out 实验；尝试

used to + 动原：过去常常（做） 114 be used to + 动原：被用来做? be / get used to sth 习惯于某事

be/ get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事 what do you mean by …? ?是什么意思 115. = what does … mean ?

= what’s the meaning of …?

116. what’s the population of ?的人口是多少 have a population of 有?的人口 117. what … for =why 为什么

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118. warn sb about / of sth 警告某人某事 warn sb against doing 警告某人别做某事 119. with one’s help 在某人的帮助下 = with the help of 120. wear out 穿破；穿烂 121. wash away 冲走

(I)

1.useful 2. √ 3. for 4. other 5. moving 6. look 7. no 8. are 9. √ 10. and

(H)

1. first 2. great (big) 3. with 4. brought 5. diseases 6. longer 7. good 8. was 9. but 10. √

初中英语中考总复习综合知识归纳系列第19辑（共20辑） 语法要点及基础过关检测 44

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