美式发音教程--THE SOUND AND STYLE OF AMERICAN ENGLISH(Dr.Dav

THE SOUND AND STYLE OF AMERICAN ENGLISH

A Course in Foreign Accent Reduction

INTRODUCTION

Dr.David Alan Stern

I WANT TO REDUCE MY ACCENT. WHAT DO I HAVE TO DO FIRST?

There are two basic skills you must learn right away if you want your speech to sound more American. First, you must learn the correct INTONATION. Intonation means the pitch changes and rhythms of a language or dialect. Once you begin Americanizing your intonation, native speakers will almost immediatlely become more comfortable with your speech and begin following your ideas much more easily. Second, you must change the way you move your moth muscles during the speech. Every language or dialect hs a unique way its speakers move their mouths. This leads to the language's special \resonance or voice tone. To reduce your accent, you must stop using the muscles as you did with your first language and substitute movements that produce this uniquely American tone. The first two-thirds of this audio contains exercises that teach you to produce American intonation and voice tone.

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Course #1

LESSON 1: THE MUSIC OF AMERICAN SPEECH

IN THIS LESSON THE TAPE TEACHES YOU THE INTONATION (PITCH CHANGE) PATHERN WHICH IS CHARACTERISTIC OF WELL SPOKEN,

STANDARD AMERICAN ENGLISH When it is spoken well, American speech has what I call a JUMP UP and STEP DOWN pattern of pitch change. that means that, inside each phrase or unit of thought, the pitch jumps up to a higher note on an early, important word. Then, it steps down a little bit on each syllable that follows within that unit. Most speakers of English as a second language do not use this JUMP UP and STEP DOWN pattern. People from some languages use little or no pitch change. In other languages, speakers use upward glides in pitch to emphasize ideas. With its JUMP UP / STEP DOWN pattern, American English does neither of these things.

Listen to the instructions and examples on the tape. They show you exactly how to do the simplest form of the JUMP UP and STEP DOWN pattern. After the first few demonstrations, the tape asks you to listen to the samples and apply the pattern yourself to sentence Group I. The first time through, try using the pattern only once in each sentence by jumping in pitch on the words that I've underlined.

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INTRODUCTION

1. GOOD MORNING. 2. GOOD MORNING.

3. I'M VERY HAPPY TO SEE YOU TODAY. 4. CALL HIM ON THE OFFICE TELEPHONE.

5. GOOD MORNING I'M VERY HAPPY TO MEET YOU. 6. I'M VERY HAPPY TO SEE YOU.

7. I'M VERY HAPPY TO SEE YOU TODAY.

SENTENCE GROUP I

1. I'M VERY PLEASED TO MEET YOU. 2. THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR CALLING.

3. I'D LIKE TO MAKE AN APPOINTMENT FOR NEXT THURSDAY. 4. I'M GOING OUT OF TOWN AT THE END OF NEXT WEEK.

5. I WON'T BE BACK IN THE OFFICE TILL THE FOLLOWING MONDAY. 6. THERE'S TOO MUCH NOISE ON THE STREET WHERE WE LIVE. 7. I DON'T WANT TO GO THERE ANYMORE.

8. MY CAR BROKE DOWN ON THE FREEWAY THIS AFTERNOON. 9. MY OFFICE IS ON THE THIRD FLOOR, RIGHT ACROSS FROM THE

ELEVATOR. 10. I'LL NEVER BE HOME ON TIME IF I KEEP GETTING TELEPHONE

CALLS. Of course, there aren't any totally right or totally wrong places for beginning these JUMP UP and STEP DOWN units. In many phrases and sentences, you have a choice of more than one place where you can begin the pattern by jumping up in pitch. Similarly, there are many atatements in which you can use a JUMP UP and STEP DOWN pattern two, or three, or perhaps even four times. Of course. the longer the sentence, the more often you'd be able to begin a new pattern by jumping up and stressing a new idea. The tape will give you several examples of this principle using the last sentence from Group I. 10A. I'LL NEVER GET HOME ON TIME IF I KEEP GETTING TELEPHONE CALLS.

Next, the tape shows you how you can use more than one JUMP UP and STEP DOWN pattern in the first five sentences from the group. Try those sentences again, this time jumping up in pitch twice during each sentence. 1. I'M VERY PLEASED TO MEET YOU. 2. THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR CALLING.

3. I'D LIKE TO MAKE AN APPOINTMENT FOR NEXT THURSDAY.

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4. I'M GOING OUT OF TOWN AT THE END OF NEXT WEEK.

5. I WON'T BE BACK IN THE OFFICE TILL THE FOLLOWING MONDAY. The tape now asks you to try an experiment. Read Sentence Group II very expressively, but with your current accent. While you're speaking, pay attention to exactly what you are doing to stress important ideas. Now,

translate the sentences in your first language; speak them enthusiastically, and see what you do to stress ideas. I hope that these exercises show most of you that you already know when to stress important words. But, in your old language or accent, you usedifferent tools of pitch or loudness to create the same effect. The tape then asks you to go back to the English sentences and try stressing the same important ideas you just discovered. This time, however, try using the new JUMP UP and STEP DOWN pattern instead of the tools from your old language. Listen carefullyto those instructions on the tape, and then try that experiment with the sentences in Group Two. For the first time, you will be trying to apply the JUMP UP and STEP DOWN pattern by yourself, without imitating a model on the tape.

SENTENCE GROUP II

1. I'D LIKE TO WELCOME ALL OF YOU TO THIS MEETING. 2. I'LL BEGIN BY INTRODUCING MYSELF TO YOU.

3. MY NAME IS _____________________ , AND I'VE BEEN PRESIDENT OF THIS COMPANY FOR THE LAST TEN YEARS. 4. I'VE SEEN A LOT OF CHANGES IN THAT TIME.

5. YES, WE'VE CERTAINLY MADE A GREAT DEAL OF PROGRESS. 6. BUT THERE IS STILL A LOT MORE TO DO IF WE'RE GOING TO CONTINUE TO GROW. 7. STARTING NEXT WEEK, WE WILL BEGIN A BRAND NEW PROJECT. 8. ALTHOUGH OUR GOALS ARE NEW, WE STILL NEED THE SAME DEDICATION AND THE SAME HARD WORK YOU HAVE ALREADY SHOWN US. 9. I HOPE THAT THE NEXT TEN YEARS OF PROGRESS WILL MAKE THE LAST TEN SEEM SMALL BY COMPARISON. At the end of Lesson #1, the tape tells you to try using the JUMP UP and STEP DOWN pattern in the little speech which results when you put

SENTENCE GROUP II together into a single paragraph. The under lined words are just suggestions for pitch jumps.

SENTENCE GROUP II (as a complete speech)

\ like to welcome all of you to this meeting. I'll begin by introducing myself to you. My name is David Alan Stern, and I've been president of this

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company for the last ten years. I've seen a lot of changes in that time. Yes, we've certainly made a great deal of progress. But there is still a lot more to do if we're going to continue to grow, Starting next week, we will begin a brand new project. Although our goals are new, we still need the same dedication and the same hard work you have already shown us. I hope that the next ten years of progress make the last ten seem small by comparison.\

LESSON 2: RELAXING THE LIPS AND FRONT MOUTH

IN THIS LESSON, THE TAPE TEACHES YOU TO OPEN YOUR MOUTH AND BEGIN SPEECH MOVEMENTS WITHOUT USING A LOT OF MUSCLE PUSH IN THE LIPS AND THE FRONT OF THE MOUTH. In every language and dialect, speakers form words with a different style of muscle movements. Each of these muscle styles creates a slightly different type of voice resonance. This resonance (which some people call \or \When the muscle style of your first language is used to speak a different language, the resulting voice tone creates a big part of what native speakers hear as a \

American English is formed with very little muscle work in the lips and the front of the mouth. Follow the instructions on the tape very carefully. You'll begin by relaxing the front of your mouth and producing the \After that you'll go on to other exercises where you speak the numbers, the days of the week, and the months of the year.

LESSON 3: CHANGING THE POSITION OF YOUR TONGUE IN THIS LESSON YOU LEARN TO BEGIN USE THE MUSCLES IN THE BACK OF YOUR TONGUE WHICH ARE NECESSARY TO CREATE THE RESONANCE OF AMERICAN ENGLISH.

This lesson begins one of the most important parts of your accent reduction process. To get the American speech style, you have to create most of the speech movement using the muscles in the back of your tongue. That process begins with a very simple step. You must be able to relax your tongue and put it into the specific shape which I call THE STARTING POSITION. On the next page there's a picture of a tongue being held in that position. As you play the tape, refer to this picture and look in a mirror while trying to recreate that same position and shape.

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AIM, DAY, SAY ALE, MALE, SAIL - TODAY'S DATE IS APRIL THE EIGHTH. - THE FREIGHT TRAIN TRAVELED AWAY FROM THE STATION. - STAY AWAY FROM THE TRAIL WHEN IT IS RAINING. Now, here are additional word and sentence drills for this hard vowel which are not recorded on the tape. weight player neighbor aviator chased face instigate ailing rainfall maybe fail freight display wayward male April fateful fray inflame Kate baby haste blamed trail take age dame jailer great safety failure Macy's came fate mistake whale - A great April shower came our way today. - They paid the price for delaying the instant replay. - The ailing aviator chased the victory for its own sake. - They blamed the dame with the famous face. - The able often stray in this fateful age. - Make haste; delay may instigate a fray. - Statesmen hasten to awaken the nation these days. - I may portray Dorian gray on the stage in a play. - Nathan felt the weight of the fateful delay in rainfall. - My real estate agent has a gabled house on three acres. - Eight whales sprayed water as they came safely away. L1/S2-B: THE \ Phonetic Symbol: [ e ] COMMON SPELLINGS: \ OCCASIONAL SPELLINGS: \ \ GET, READY, AGAIN, EVERY, ENEMY, FRIEND, BED, GET, READY, TEN, SENT SELL, WELL, BELL, TELL - MY FRIEND IS RESTING IN BED. - ED SENT TEN LETTERS TO THE ENEMY.

frame haze lake jade labor mail nasal nation plague 21

ale ate ace ape baselace aim pagesage - GET THE ROOM READY BEFORE THE DEADLINE. - THE SENATOR MEANT EVERYTHING HE SAID YESTERDAY. - THE GENERAL SLEPT IN HIS HEADQUARTERS. Now, here are additional word and sentence drills for this soft vowel which are not recorded on the tape. twenty enter effort net men when render element century embrace tenth fresh center celebrate memory mentor western letter semester emulate deadline federal tender shelf crescent credit dilemma fence friend left mental wreck spread sweat election intellect red Ben Ken Ted gem jet wet well sell nest get legs bed stem ebb eggs bent test - Ed rented the penthouse at an exorbitant price. - Ten and ten eventually get you twenty. - I meant every word I said in the elementary section. - Ben was a general from several sections of Tennessee. - Don't lose your temper when I enter the room. - The song was rendered by men who twenty cents. - He was especially edgy after the separation. - I can't accept this mental dilemma. - My ex-friend wrecked the mended fences. - Jeff's hot temper tested his self-confidence. - September seventh was a red-letter day. L1/S2-C: Contrasting \ -- [EI]GHT M{E}N CAN'T G{E}T THROUGH THE G[A]TE. - D{E}NNIS IS T[A]KING A T{E}CHNICAL COURSE. - M{E}L IS A M[AI]L ARRIER. -- S[AI]L THE BOAT OUT W{E}ST, AND THEN S{E}LL IT. Now, here are additional word and sentence drills contrasting the two vowels in Pair #2. { } led [ ] laid { } tread [ ] trade { } Ken [ ] cane 22

tell bet led wes bell tail bait laid waste bail sell den men shed hell sail Dane main shade hail Mel get tech wed fell mail gate take wade fail SECTION #3: \ L1/S3-A: THE \ Phonetic symbol: [ u ] COMMON SPELLINGS: \ \ \ OCCASIONAL SPELLINGS: \ \ \ SMOOTH, SPOON, BOOT, MOON, TRUTH SCHOOL, COOL, RULE, FOOLISH - IT'S TRUE THAT THE NEW SCHOOL IS A GLOOMY PLACE. - HE CLEANS THE STUDIO EVERY TUESDAY AT NOON. - SHE LIKES THE VIEW OF THE MOON ON JUNE NIGHTS. - DRINK FRUIT JUICE WHEN YOU HAVE THE FLUE. - JUDY WAS VERY RUDE TO SUSAN. Now practice these additional words and sentences for the \recorded on the tape. spoon smooth sewer blue coupons prove plumage troupe bloom prunes boost moon fruit gloomy threw school ruby juicy brew flute rumor prove true truth rude pool loose roof who through room shoe food boot cool move

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- I always knew that prunes grew under the blue moon. - The gloomy June moon is moving foolishly. - At two past noon, I heard hooves on the roof. - It's true that Sue proves school is gloomy. - Give the student a boost with your boot. - Rumor has it that raccoons buy fruit with coupons. - Newman got juiced because Stu threw brew into the soup. - After his review, the pupil developed a loose screw. - Judy was rude to Susan. - The crew brewed the stew for two hours. L1/S3-B: THE \ Phonetic Symbol: [ U ] COMMON SPELLING: \ \ OCCASIONAL SPELLINGS: \ \ COULD, GOOD, SHOULD, WOODEN, FOOT, GOOD-BYE, WOLF, TOOK, LOOK PULL, BULL, FULL, BULLET - HE TOOK A LOOK UNDER THE CAR'S HOOD. - THEY PULLED THE WOLF OUT OF THE WOODS. - THERE ART GOOD BOOKS IN THE NEIGHBORHOOD LIBRARY. - THE BUTCHER'S STEAKS LOOKED REALLY GOOD. - DR. GOODMAN TOOK A BULLET OUT OF THE MAN'S FOOT. And some additional drills for this soft vowel: wooden bullet boulevard could careful bullion bully nook helpful forsook butcher push pulpit boogie booklet wood Pullman goodness rookie full ambush hooded footwear soot should crook woman took good-bye sugar brook bull bushel pudding cushion hood couldn't wouldn't stood Ludwig - We pulled the wolf from the woods to the boulevard. - The butcher's hook took out the sooty bully.

hook pull bush put foot good book wolf good look 24

- Dr. Goodman took the bullet from the rookie's foot. - Woody stood up wearing cushioned footwear. - I understood there was a good book in the library. - Brooks was hoodwinked from the pulpit by Mr. Cook. - Only tourists put bushels of soot in the brook. - Captain Hook ate a bushel of cookies. - I couldn't have understood the crook's motives. - The Pullman conductor took a look at his ticket book. L1/S3-C: CONTRASTING \-- WE P{U}LLED HIM OUT OF THE SWIMMING P[OO]L. -- HE P{U}T HIS F{OO}T IN THE N[EW] B[OO]T. -- THE W{O}MAN SAID G{OO}D-BYE TO HER ST[U]DENTS.. -- HE C{OU}LDN'T PR[O]VE THAT THE N[EW]S WAS TR[UE]. And here are some additional contrasts between the hard and soft vowels which aren't recorded on the tape. [ ] wooed pool who'd stewed { } wood pull hood stood [ ] cooed fool shoed Luke { } could full should look PAIR #4: \L 1/ S 4-A: \ Phonetic symbol: [ ou ] COMMON SPELLINGS: \ \ \ OCCASIONAL SPELLINGS: \ \ GO, HOME, MOTION, OVER, OCEAN, NO, GROW, ECHO, PHONE, NOBODY GOAL, ROLE, MOLD, COLD - I HOPE I CAN GO HOME TOMORROW. - SHE ROWED THE BOAT OVER THE OCEAN. - HE WROTE HOME HOPING FOR A BIG LOAN. Now some additional drills for the \ romance notion phone grow loan 25

lowly furlough apropos romance photo wrote polar pathos co-host ghost grocery dough blown tomato bloated woeful oaken slowly ocean staccato moment motion don't float legato sew window bold loaf loco moan cone hope solo soak loan row flow over echo - Long ago people slept on the cold earth. - Slowly the ocean rolled toward the row of homes. - The oboe and celled sat alone, echoing tone for tone. - He was bloated after eating a roast and a tomato. - Of all the folks I know, he is the most hopeful. - The rowboat slowly floated in the ocean. - I told Joan that the snow is flown in from Ohio. - Smoke rolled out the open end of the hotel window - Joan wrote to Joe, hoping for romance. - I told the owner of the boat to be bold. - I took the dough out of the bowl to make the loaf. L 1/ S 4-贐: \ Phonetic symbol: [ ?] COMMON SPELLINGS: \ \ \ OCCASIONAL SPELLINGS: \ All, WALK, RAW, OUGHT APPLAUD, TAUGHT, NAUGHT, NAUTICAL, CAUSE, SAUCE OFTEN, CLOTH, LOST, SALT - THE TALL AUTHOR PAUSED AND WALKED HOME. - LEAVES FALL ON THE LAWN VERY OFTEN. - PAUL ATE SOME REALLY AWFUL SAUCE. - DON'T WALK OFF WITH SUCH A BAD COUGH. Now try these extra words and sentences for the \tape. applaud laundry sought naught draw gnaw 26

chalk coffee malted author taught vault cause autisti flawless shawl bawdy mothball hallway cloth nautical cought loft tongs strong wrong glossy vaulted cough wrought Walker thought caught brought bought pause tall laud flaw mall moth hall loft long lost raw lawn awe walk jaw off all wall stall - The tall author walked often. - The awkward, awful, strong man walked home. - Lost boys often become flawless at reform school. - Horses often cost more than the monthly draw. - The dog fought the moth he had brought home. - He stalked the ball and then vaulted down the hall. - The awful sauce made Paul pause and then walk away. - The cat crawled across the lawn with its hurt paw. - Right or wrong, we applauded the awkward author. - The cloth in the hall smells of moth balls. - You taught me to vault flawlessly without falling. L 1/ S 4-C: CONTRASTING \-- [0]VER {A}LL, CL{0} TH IS BETTER THAN G[0]LD. -- I S{AW} HIM W{A}LK H[0]ME AL[0]NE. -- D[0]N'T F{A}LL IN THE [O]CEAN WHILE W{A}LKING ON THE B[OA]T. Now try these other contrasts between the hard and soft vowel which are not recorded on the tape. { } loft stall pause [ ] loafed stole pose { } walk caught chalk [ ] woke coat choke LESSON 2: MORE DIPHTHONGS AND VOWELS SECTION I: DIPHTHONGS [LANGUAGE NOTE: Diphthongs (also know as double vowels) are significantly different in

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American English than in almost any other language or dialect in the world. So it doesn't matter what language you come from, you must learn to produce these sounds with the \American speech, Practice them here in lesson #2, and go back and review the earlier diphthong lesson in Course # 1, Lesson # 5. Practicing the pronunciations of diphthongs gives you the perfect opportunity to combine pronunciation with the rear-tongue speech impulse that you learned in lesson #1. } L 2/ S1-A: THE \ COMMON SPELLING: \ \ \ OCCASIONAL SPELLINGS: \ I'M, FINE, ARRIVE, CLIMB, TRIAL Here are more words and sentences for this diphthong which aren't recorded on the tape. erudite appetite skylight baptize concise advice thrice pyrite pliers pylon polite crucify identity twilight briny China myopic pliable shiner while sideline slicing crisis dried virus spicy style aisle Eliza fight crime crime right night light bright lice flie icon idle Nile fire rye shy cry high icy eye die dry side ride time life - It's the right time to find a gold mine in the sky. - I transcribed five dialogues, but I don't know why. - The sight of dry land was exciting for Ira. - A life of violent crime is a sign of t he times. - Eliza was the pride of the science fair. - Fried pike is sliced for Friday night's supper. - Ivy vines are tied down behind the shutters. - My guide and I had a fine time on the Nile. - Please recite ironic rhymes of an iambic kind. - Blind justice presided at the indictment. - Dried spice is likely to be appetizing. 28

L 2/ S1-B: THE \ Phonetic Symbol: [ a u ] COMMON SPELLINGS: \ \ HOUR, OUT, SOUND, CROWN, TOWN Now here are lots more words and sentences for this diphthong which are not recorded on the tape: coward powder pouch amount denounce ounce pronoun mountain south carouse confound flounder abound profound allowed round brown shower crowd crown cloud shroud trowel dowel towel trounce pounce mouse douse louse hound mound pound around house doubt count round flower proud about bound foul rout oust down town out cow bow now how wow lout - The loudest hound in town bow-wowed at the mouse. - The lout proudly scowled at those in the household. - The coward found a trowel and plowed into the mound. - I doubt t hat the louse will pound down the flowers. - The crowd loudly prowled the streets of the town. - The cow was doused by a shower out of the cloud. - I found that I had gained about a pound. - He counted the hours and vowed to get out of the house. - The sow, the mouse and the cow sounded a rousing song. - Wild flowers abound in out-of-the-way mountains. L 2/ S1-C: THE \Phonetic Symbol: COMMON SPELLINGS: \ \ OYSTER, OIL, SOIL, MOISTURE, ANNOYED, JOYFUL, SOYBEAN And here are still more words and sentences for this diphthong which aren't recorded on the tape. 29

foyer Joyce rejoice foible recoil goiter poise vice devoid despoil Boise buoyancy broil asteroid appoint avoid voyeur anoint moisture cloister hoist annoy soy sauce soybean Lloyd pointed doily ointment oyster choice exploit enjoy royal loyal noise poignant ploy poi coin coy coil toil foil loin oil Roy joy Troy boy join soy oink oily soil - The boy joined in the noise. - Loyal Lloyd anointed the royal head with oil. - Boyle put soy sauce on the boiled oysters. - He coiled around the moist cloister pillars. - He toiled to hoist the soybeans from the soil. - The boisterous boy oiled the noisy toy. - He foiled the exploits of those who were loitering. - Ointment is the best choice for your aching joints. - Joyce's poignant remark annoyed Roy Foy. - The noisy boy lost his voice while rejoicing. - The royalty exploited their loyal subjects. The following are sentences containing all of the diphthongs. Use the proper technique as you repeat them after they are modeled on the tape. - I GET AROUND THE TOWN QUITE WELL. - THE BOY CAN'T FIND HIS LOUD TOY. - HE WAS ANNOYED BY THE LOUD SOUNDS OF THE NIGHT. - THE SIGN HE PAINTED WAS MOIST AFTER THE AWFUL RAIN SHOWER SECTION II: SINGLE VOWELS L 2/ S2-贏: THE \ Phonetic Symbol: [ ?] [LANGUAGE NOTE: As you already learned in Course # 1, Lesson #1, this vowel simply doesn't exist in most of the world's languages, Following the instructions on the tape for producing this sound regardless of what language you first spoke.] COMMON SPELLING: \COME, OF OCCASIONAL SPELLINGS: \ UNDER, MOTHER, LOVE, HUNT, SUCH

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- RUN UP TO YOUR BROTHER'S HUNTING. - THE DOVE FLEW UP ABOVE THE CLOUDS. - HIS MOTHER COOKED SUPPER, BUT NOTHING COULD COMFORT HER SON. And now more drills for this vowel which aren't recorded on the tape. stubborn stucco struggle study stump ruffle rummage glutton exult deluxe discuss brush brunt budget abduct mumble hunter trouble wonder lunch upper nothing unused until Ulster cover alone crush chuck above slumber slush rush hush hull come bunk bump club dump nun hut cut bus us some of up - This stuntman stumbles and tumbles in the mud. - A mother's love is above that of another - Some suds from the supper dishes were in a dull puddle. - The puppy covered up the other couple's lunch. - The blood under the bud vase was trouble for Gus. - The drunk number something into his cup. - At an upper crust brunch one must wear gloves. - The drunk mumbled something into his cup. - The dumb puppet crust brunch one must wear gloves. - Southern hunters used clubs and lived in huts. - The glutton lunged for the crumbs of the crusty buns. L 2/ S2-B: THE \ Phonetic Symbol: [ ?] [LANGUAGE NOTE: As you learned in Course # 1, this is another vowels which doesn't exist in most of the world's languages, Follow the instructions on the tape for producing this sound regardless of what language you first spoke. ] COMMON SPELLINGS: This vowel is almost always spelled with the letter \ HAND, AT, BACK, FABRIC SAD, MAD, CAT, GRASS, BAT, TRACK, MAN, DANCE - I HAD TO HAVE A MATCH AFTER THE CANDLE WENT OUT. - IT'S NATURAL FOR JACK TO BAT ONE-HANDED. - STAN AND JOANNE ARE STANDING IN THE BACK OF THE BANK. AFTER, GRANT, FRANCE, EXAMPLE, DRAFT, CRAFT, COMMAND

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Now more practice on this vowel with drills you will not hear on the tape: after basket castle France answer soprano laugh shatter glass passage baggage trap alcove ample snack apples annual admiral adding halfway passed bashful accept lamps anthem handsome sandwich rammed anthill command disaster master absolute ambulance frank fabric man ask as aft Pam wax lad hand bath Sam path mass rank tank bank Alps bass math - The soprano laughed as she shattered the glass. - The passengers and baggage were trapped in the alcove. - Pam made an ample snack of the wax apples. - Lady Aster handed the annual to the wax apples. - Ask any bashful man in Alabama and accept his answer. - The huddled masses sang the National Anthem. - Let's have a lamb and ham sandwich. - Sam rammed the flag into the anthill. - During the disaster the master commanded the castle. - The staff had a rash of bad habits. L 2/ S2-贑: \ Phonetic Symbol: [ a ] LANGUAGE NOTE: Even though the AH-vowel does exist in almost all of the world's language, it is usually not spelled with the letter \language group, should practice not rounding this Short-O. ] COMMON SPELLING: \ OCCASIONAL SPELLING: \ ON, HOT, HONEST, GOD, LOCK, POSITIVE, OCCUPY - PLEASE RESPOND HONESTLY AND CONFIDENTLY. - I HAVEN'T GOTTEN ANY KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE NEW CONTEST. - THE ROCKS AND THE LOGS ARE ON ROOF OF THE COTTAGE. - HE WAS POSITIVE ABOUT THE HONOR OF GOD. WHAT, WANT, WATCH, WASH, FATHER, CALM, SWAMP, SPA - MY FATHER WANTED TO GO TO THE SPA. - WHICH CLOTHES DO YOU WANT TO WASH TONIGHT?

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- HE WALKED INTO THE SWAMP VERY CALMLY. Now practice this vowel on these extra drills which aren't recorded on the tape rock opera obstinate odd on bog pocket stop option spa Utah response honor oxygen opposite obvious occupy knock sock obligate aqua balmy lock golf locksmith confidence obelisk monogamy gondola plotted grotto calm father jalopy jonquil common almond fox plot Adonis positive constitute swamp want - He occupied the gondola of the golf cart. - The rocket short toward the opposite air lock - The obstinate opera singer was preoccupied. - Becket was positive about the honor of God. - Move the fox from the rocks to the bog. - He was confident about giving an obstinate response. - The frog got groggy and hopped away. - Anonymous l letters commonly dishonor Adonis. - Oxygen is commonly found in air pockets. - The rock grotto was obviously on final option. - I'm obligated to respond with fondest acknowledgments. LESSON 3: R - SHADED VOWELS [LANGUAGE NOTE: Many language groups such as SPANISH, ITALIAN, PORTUGUESE (European) , and RUSSIAN roll or trill the R-sounds with the front of the tongue. Others, such as FRENCH, HEBREW, GERMAN, and PORTUGUESE (Brazil) produce a throaty R-Shading, or, in the case of JAPANESE, CHINESE and other East Asian speakers, move it toward the sound of the L. American-style R-Shadings (as well as initial R-Sounds) must be practiced by speaker from all first language groups. Follow the instructions on the tape for creating the American-style R-Shading when the letter 'R\ 33

recorded on the tape. {Counter #........} As in CAR, HERE, FOR, CARE CAR, STAR, FAR, TAR, PAR, BAR, CARD, START MOTHER, SISTER, HELPER, SUMMER,, WINTER, DANCER, PLAYER EARTH, CURSED, THIRSTY, FIRST, GERMAN, VERB, WORD, WORM, SHORE, MORE, CORE, EXPLORING, BORING, CORD EAR, CHEER, APPEARED, SINCERE, CAREER, BEER SURE, POOR, SECURE, ENDURE, JURY AIR, PAIR, STAIRS, CARE, WEAR, FAIRLY, PREPARE - MY MOTHER AND FATHER WENT HERE AND THERE. - MY BROTHER HAD A HARD TIME FINDING WORK. - DON'T YOU CARE ABOUT THE POOR WORKERS? - THE FOREMAN OF THE JURY WAS A SINCERE LEADER. - ME. JONES HAD A BEER PARTY EVERY SUMMER. Now here are many additional words and sentences containing R-shaded vowels. The following drills are not included in the taped instruction. runner player helper lighter brother sister mother weaker father later letter nicer worker master neither carrier singer dancer reader writer - The burglar and his helper stirred up such a clamor. - My mother, my father, my sister and brother thank you. - The runner staggered over the hill. - Either was a good talker, but she never wrote letters. - This summer went faster and further than last. earth cursed thirst earnest worst worm first hurdle word search early German perfect worst curve Herb serve verb - Herman was the first to win thirty games. - The German hurdler was the scourge of the early games. - Carl and Marni formed an artful partnership. - Park the car in Harvard Yard. - The two sergeants are college archery partners.

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- Are all the place guards qualified marksmen? - Arthur charged out of the arbor unharmed. four shore core door before nor more explore sore pour ignore fortune orphan Orville score support implore shores - Fourteen bored sportsmen adorned the shore. - Forty gory creatures poured through the French doors. - The spores were found in the core of the ornament. - The Concord poured forth exhaust causing sore throats. - More and more support came forth for the orphans' party. hair barely dare everywhere pear fair careful prepare rare air there stairs wear impair blare repair - An air of excitement rarely blares down the stairs. - Where did the polar bear go? - Pay your fare, then tell the driver where to go. - The flu scare was hard to bear. - Where can I get my hair cut very carefully? jeer clear queer appear weird sincere near cheer steer here spear deer - Never fear, the wheel to steer is near the gear shift. - The earring fell clear of the nearby pool. - Be sincere my dear; it's a queer world. - I'm sincere about wanting the deer to appear this year. - A key of beer appeared near the rear window. you're tour insure poor allure sure secure jury endure cure moor velour

lair scare care aware peer sincere rear career beer tears Iure azure contour 35

- You're sure you can endure the long tour? - Poor hunters offer no allure to sure -shots.

- Insurance is a poor risk on guided tours.

- The cure for polio makes Salk's name endure. - I'm secure that Mr. Moore will endure.

LESSON 4 : REVIEWING DIFFICULT CONSONANTS

SECTION I : \

[LANGUAGE NOTE : The American-style initial R-Sound should be practiced by speakers of all other first language groups. Of course, R/L confusion usually takes place with speakers of East Asian language -- those of JAPAN, CHINA, KOREA, and SOUTHEAST ASIA. Be particularly careful not to insert the extra vowel sound when the \speaker of HINDI (and other subcontinent languages), ARABIC, FARSI, and TOGOLOG.

L4/S1-A : THE \ SPELLING :

\

RED, ROSE, ROME, REACH, RENT, REMEMBER GREEN, FRIED, CRASH, BREW, BREAK, FREIGHT TREE, TRY, TROUBLE, TRICK

- THE TREE IS GROWING FROM THE LAWN. - I HAD TROUBLE BROILING THE FRESH FISH.

- IT'S TRUE THAT I'M PROUD OF THE WINTER CROP. Here are a few more drills for the R-shaded vowels. repeat run rural Fred crop trial

rid rake rotten tread tropic crowd

rest roast roar true grade proud

rat rye tree brew thrill Troy

root round free crook chrome broil

rookie royal trip broad grown trash

rough rear grid trust freight crash

- Remember the Red River Rovers whenever revisiting Texas.

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- Real estate agents read listings regularly.

- Trucks from the farm ravaged the remaining structures. - Retractors really roll away from your grip.

- Red roses represent real royalty there in France. L4/S1-B : THE \ SPELLING:

\ LOVE, LOAN, ELECTION, SELL

Now try these extra drills for L not found on the tape.

leap, lick, let, latch, loop, look, lost, lot, luck, element, elaborate, illuminate, Alabama, political, peel, pill, spell, gal, pool, pull, toll, tall, girl

- Listen, Larry, we'd like to level with you about your lawn. - Until eleven its less likely to happen.

- Spelling takes a toll on the girl's listening abilities.

- The lesson learned is clearly about loving your daily labor. L4/S1-C : CONTRASTING \

-- THE LONG RIVER LOOKS REALLY LOVELY. -- LUCY WAS REAL LUCKY.

-- THE RENT IS LIKELY TO RISE LATER.

-- A LOT OF RAIN LEAKED THROUGH THE ROOF.

And some additional contrasts which are not recorded on the tape: element/error illness/irregular regulate/legislate

SECTION II : \

[LANGUAGE NOTE : Pay particular attention to the V and W formations and contrasts if your first language is GERMAN, RUSSIAN, other SLAVIC

languages, as well as FINNISH, HUNGARIAN, NORWEGIAN, SWEDISH, and DANISH, FARSI, HINDI and other languages of the subcontinent.] L4/S2-A : THE \ Spellings :

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load/road rug/lug roast/close

wrong/long rust/lust royal/loyal

\ \

VERY, EVERY, VOTE, HAVE, VOICE, SAVE Now try these extra drills for the V consonant.

veal, visit, vest, voodoo, Vaughn, vacate, vote, vibrate, void, veer, vary, vat, fever, harvest, avoid, save, grieve, relieve, love, shelves, wave, groove, grove, leave

L4/S2-B : THE \ SPELLINGS :

\ \ OCCASIONAL SPELLING :

\

HOWEVER -- There are many parts of the United States where the W sound is pronounced with a slight, voiceless air puff before the lip glide when the word contains the \

WEST, WILL, WANT, WORRY, WATCH, WAS, WEDNESDAY And here are extra W drills not recorded on the tape.

we, will, west, wax, wooed, walk, wok, woke, wake, wow, war, were, west, will, want, which, want, whale, when, white, whip L4/S2-C : CONTRASTING \

-- VICTOR WAS VERY WORRIED.

-- I WANT TO VOTE NEXT WEDNESDAY.

-- EVERYONE WAS VISITING THE WEST COAST.

-- I NEVER WORKED VERY HARD ON WEDNESDAY EVENINGS. And now a few extra pair :

west/vest worse/verse went/vent Velma/well L4/S2-D : CONTRASTING \

REST/WEST/VEST RAIN/WAYNE/VAIN REAL/WHEEL/VEAL RAIL/WHALE/VALE

And a few other sets for you to practice:

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rill/will/villain Rome/won't/vote rye/why/violent/round/wound/vow SECTION III : \ L4/S3-A: THE \

[LANGUAGE NOTE : SPANISH speakers must pay closest attention to the contrast between the American \ SPELLINGS :

\

BERRY, BOAT, BANK, ABOUT, BORROW, BOAT, BASEBALL

And now some additional drills for the \on the tape.

beet, big, beg, bag, boot, book, bought, bottom, but, bail, boat, bite, bout, boy, boar, beer, cable, cribbage, cubic, cobble, bribe, ebb, cab, boob, hub, Abe, robe, verb

L4/S3-B : CONTRASTING \

-- THE BOAT IS VERY BIG.

-- CAN THE BOY VISIT HIS BROTHER VICTOR? -- I HAVE TO BORROW FIVE BANK NOTES.

-- I HAVE BETTER VISION FROM THE BACK ROW. And now try some additional B/V contrast. very/berry verb/bird bid/video vote/boat veil/bail Bill/villain Ben/venerable average/about

LESSON 5: NEW CONSONANTS; NEW PROBLEMS

SECTION I : THE \ L5/S1-A : INITIAL \Phonetic Symbol [ s ]

[LANGUAGE NOTE : Speakers from the following languages have the strongest tendencies to put an extra vowel sound before the initial \& CHINESE and SOUTHEAST languages.]

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SPELLINGS:

\ \

SAVE, SOME, SEVERAL, SCIENCE, SOMEWHERE, CELEBRATE, SOGGY, STATE, STATION, STUDENT, START, STOMACH, STOP, STUBBORN

-- SOMETHING SPECIAL HAPPENED THIS SUMMER. -- MY SISTER IS STILL SITTING BY MY SIDE.

-- THE STUDENTS STAYED AWAY FROM THE STOVE.

-- THE SPEAKER STARTED TO SCREAM ABOUT THE STATION. seal, sip, set, sat, socks, sane, sociology, seem, seep, sill, separate, several, century, sang, star stand, stove, steel, stenography, stereo, safest, sincerely, cinema

L5/S1-B : \

AS, WAS, DOES, THOSE, HIS, HAS, IS, EASY, HOUSES, WHOSE, REASON, RISE, USE, POSITION, RESOLVE, PAUSE, PHRASE, DEPOSIT, TRANSFER, SURPRISE

- IT WAS AS EASY AS THAT.

- THERE IS A SURPRISE FOR YOU IN THE HOUSE.

- WHO CAUSED YOU TO TRANSFER THOSE MUSICIANS?

And here are some more cases where the letter \voiced \

dissolve, cause, praise, phrase, positive, applause, dissolve, preserve, because, musician

- Whose idea was it to build those houses?

- It isn't as good as it was because of the materials they used.

SECTION II : CONSONANTS BEHIND THE \ L5/S2-A : THE \ SPELLING:

\ \

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