中学教材全解八年级英语(下)

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Module 1 Hobbies 内容详解

1. Which hobby do you think takes up the least spacc? 你认为哪种爱好占用最少的空间?

(1)do you think在此用作插入语,意为“你认为,你觉得”。 When do you think they will arrive here? 你觉得他们会在什么时候到达这里?

How many books do you think there are in the box? 你认为箱子里有多少本书? 注意

do you think后的句子要用陈述语序。 (2)take up 占据

take up既可指时间上的“占据”,也可指空间上的“占据”。 The job takes up all my time. 这项工作占用了我所有的时间。 The table takes up too much room.这张桌子太占空间。 注意

take up是一个由动词加副词构成的短语动词,当它的宾语是代词时,必须放在两者之间。 [联想]

take off 起飞;脱下 take out 拿出 take away 拿走 take back 归还 take down 取下 take photos 拍照 take part in 参加

2. Sorry it's a bit untidy. 抱歉,这儿有点乱。 a bit意为“有点儿;稍微”,该短语在句中作程度状语,用来修饰形容词、副词、动词或介词短语。a bit还可修饰比较级。 I was a bit ill. 我有点不舒服。

He is a bit older than I. 他比我大一点。 辨析:a hit与a little 相同之处:(1)两者都可以用作名词词组,意为“一点;少许”,在句中作主语或宾语 ;(2)两者都可以用作副词词组,用来修饰形容词、副词(原级或比较级)或动词。 不同之处:(1)作定语时,a little直接修饰不可数名词,而a bit后面需要加of;(2)如果两者的前面加上not, 则其意义完全不同。not a bit=not at all,通常用作状语;not a little=very,可用作状语或定语。 一言辨异

Our English teacher often says that she is not a bit tired but in fact she is not a little tired. 我们的英语老师经常说她一点儿也不累,其实她非常累。

3. I'll tidy up the table and chairs. 我来收拾一下桌椅。 tidy up收拾,整理!

tidy up是由动词tidy和副词up构成的动词短语。它的宾语如果是名词,既坷以放在tidy和up之间,又可放在tidy up之后;如果它的宾语是代词,则必须放在tidy和up中间。 Lingling, please help tidy up the dinner table.

= Lingling, please help tidy the dinner table up. 玲玲,请帮忙收拾一下饭桌。

There are so many books on the desk. I'll tidy them up. 课桌上有这么多书,我将整理一下。 拓展

tidy还可用作形容词,意为“整洁的”,可以在句子中作定语或表语。

tidy的反义词是untidy,意为“不整洁的”。

You have a tidy / untidy bedroom.你们有一间整洁的/不整吉的卧室。 Their sitting room is very tidy/untidy. 他们的客厅非常整洁/不整洁。

4. You've got a wonderful collection. 你的收藏太棒了。 (1)have / has got是口语中常用的一个词组,意为“有”,相当于have或has。 I have got a new pen pal from the United States. 我有一位来自美国的新笔友。 He has got a lovely dog. 他有一只可爱的小狗。 温馨提示

(1)have / has got与have / has尽管含义相同,但从时态上看,前者是现在完成时,后者是 一般现在时,故构成疑问句和否定句时应注意区别对待。

Have you got a new radio? Do you have a new radio? 你有一台新收音机吗? (2)collection是名词,意为“收集;收藏品”。collector也是一个名词,意为“收藏家;收藏者”。collect是动词,意为“收集”。

She made a collection of coins. 她收集硬币。

He wants to be a great collector. 他想成为一名伟大的收藏家。 拓展

① v.+ -ion构成的名词

act +-ion—action 行动 invent+-ion—invention 发明

direct +-ion—direction 方向 impress +-ion—impression 印象 express+-ion—expression 表达 discuss+-ion—discussion 讨论 ②collect 或 have a collection of 用来表示“收集??”。 有类似用法的词还有rest和look等。

Rest / have a rest 休息 look / have a look at... 看??

5. I play the violin and I listen to music all the time. 我一直拉小提琴和听音乐。 all the time意为“总是,一直”,在句中作时间状语。

The little girl was laughing all the time. 那个小女孩一直笑个不停。 [联想]

on time 准吋 in time 及时 at times 有时 from time to time 不时.

6. What made you so interested in music? 是什么让你对音乐如此感兴趣? (1)make + sb. + adj. 使某人??,形容词在句中作宾语补足语。 Her words made me very happy. 她的话让我很开心。 (2)(be) interested in 对??感兴趣

Be / get / become interested in的主语往往是人,常常表示“某人对某事产生兴趣”。in在这里是一个介词,后面可以跟名词、代词或动词的-ing形式。

Almost all the children are interested in storybooks. 几乎所有的孩子都对故事书感兴趣。 I became interested in making things last year. 去年我对制作东西产生了兴趣。 辨析:interested与interesting

Interested 为表语形容词,只作表语,不作定语,表示人的状态。

Interesting 既可作表语也可作定语,修饰名词或代词,表示事物的特征或性质。 一言辨异

The students in Class Two are all interested in this interesting story. 二班的学生都对这个有趣的故事感兴趣。

7. I often listened to him play the violin. 我过去经常听他拉小提琴。

(1)listen to,see,hear,watch等感官动词后可以接省to的动词不定式,作宾语补足语,表示经常性的动作或全过程,还可跟v. -ing形式。 用法歌诀 一感(feel)

二听(hear, listen to) 三让 (make, let,have)

四看(look at,see,watch, notice)

I hear a girl sing English songs in the next door every morning. 我每天早晨听到一个女孩在隔壁唱英文歌。

(2)play后接西洋乐器名词时,名词前加定冠词the;后接球类名词时,名词前不加任何冠词。

The little girl is playing the piano. 这个小女孩正在弹钢琴。 He likes playing basketball.他喜欢打篮球。 中考链接

She learned to play ______ piano all by herself. A. a B. an C. the D. /

解析:当play后接西洋乐器时要加定冠词the。play the piano意为“弹钢琴” 答案:C

8. And he gave me my first violin eight years ago. 八年前,他送给我第一把小提琴。 give sb. sth. 相当于give sth. to sb.. 意思为“给某人某物”。当sth.是代词的宾格时,只能用give sth. to sb… 类似give能接双宾语的动词还有:pass,lend,Show等。 I gave the boy a book. ( = 1 gave a book to the boy.) 我给了那个男孩一本书。

9. There's a concert at Radio Beijing. 北京电台有一场音乐会。

这是there be结构,它表示“在某地方(或某事)存在什么人或物”,指客观存在。动词be与后面相邻的名词在数上保持一致,即“就近原则”。 There be结构与实义动词have不同,前者表“存在”,后者表“所有”。 There is an apple tree in the garden. 花园里有一棵苹果树。 There are some apple trees in the garden.花园里有一些苹果树。

They have some apple trees in the garden. 他们在花园里有一些苹果树。

10. I'm going to school with you! 我要和你们一起去上学啊!

本句是用现在进行时态表示将来,表示根据安排将要做某事,人作主语宜用现在时态。 I'm not going out this evening. 今晚我不准备出去。 温馨提示

现在进行时表示将来,主要用于go,come,leave,start等表示去向的短暂性动词。 I'm leaving tomorrow.明天我要走了。

11. What's happening on Friday? 周五有什么事吗?

happen意为“发生”。本句中虽然用现在进行时,却表示将来的动作。这种用法常用来表示一些早已安排好,一般不会改变的即将发生的事情。 My father is leaving for Beijing. 我父亲要去北京。 辨析:happen与take place

(1)happen指具体的情况的发生,特别指那些偶然事件。 An accident happened yesterday. 昨天发生了一场事故。 (2)take place常指一些按计划、安排发生的事情。

Great changes have taken place in these years. 这几年发生了巨大的变化。

第2单元 内容详解

1. Many students have hobbies, such as reading, painting, growing vegetables in their gardens, and looking after animals.

很多学生都有爱好,比如阅读、绘画、在他们的花园里种菜和照顾动物。 (1)such as“像,例如”,相当于口语中的like。

We all like ball games, such as basketball and football. 我们都喜欢球类运动,例如篮球和足球。 辨析:such as与for example

Such as 用于列举前面概述过的同类事物,不需要用逗号与其他成分隔开,只能位于名词或名词性词组前面

For example 用于举例说明,一般用逗号与其他成分隔开。位置比较灵活,可位于句首、句中或句末。

Jim has many good friends here,such as Liu Kai and Zhang Jun.

Jim has many good friends here, Liu Kai and Zhang Jun, for example. 吉姆在这里有许多好朋友,比如刘凯和张军。 (2)look after意为“照管,照料,关心”。

I must look after my old grandma.我必须照顾我年老的奶奶。 拓展

① look after的同义词组是take care of。

They take care of their babies. 他们悉心照料他们的孩子。 ② look after的另一同义词组是care for。

He spent years caring for his sick mother. 数年中他一直在照顾他生病的母亲。

2. Hobbies can make you grow as a person, develop your interests and help you learn new skills. 爱好可以使你们成长,培养你们的兴趣,并帮助你们学习新的技能。 (1)make在这里是一个使役动词,意为“使”,结构为“make+宾语+省略to的不定式(宾补)”。但如果用在被动语态中,则要加上to。

Don't make me do this or that . 不要让我做这做那的。 I was made to do this or that. 我被迫使去做这做那。 拓展

① make+宾语+形容词

My dog's death made me sad. 我的狗的死使我伤心。 ② make +宾语+名词(表职位、头衔等的词)

We all made her our monitor. 我们都推选她当班长。 中考链接

— Have you seen the funny movie Let the Bullet(子弹)Fly? — yes, it made me ______ many times.

A. laugh B. cry C. sleep D. sing 解析:本题考查动词词义辨析。laugh“大笑”;cry“哭”;sleep“睡觉”;sing“唱歌”。句意为:“你看过那部搞笑的电影《让子弹飞》吗?”“是的,它使我大笑了许多次。”故选 A。 答案:A

(2)develop是动词,意为“发展”。developing是形容词,意为“发展中的” ;developed也是形容词,意为“发达的”。

China is a developing country, but Japan is a developed one. 中国是一个发展中国家,但日本是一个发达国家。

3. During the summer of 2000, he spent four weeks on a summer camp. 在2000年夏天,他参加了一个为期四周的夏令营。 spend意为“花费(钱/时间)”,主语一般是人,其结构是sb. spend (s) money / time on sth.或 sb. spend(s)money / time (in) doing Sth. He spends two hours on English every morning.

=He spends two hours in learning English every morning. 每天早晨他用两个小时的时间学习英语。 拓展

(1)表示“某人花费多少时间做某事”还可用动词take,其结构为:It takes sb. some time to do sth.

It takes me twenty minutes to walk to school every day. 我每天用20分钟步行去上学。

It will take us more than a year to build the tall building. 我们将用一年多的时间来建造这座高楼。 (2)表示“花费”的句型汇总:

①人+spend(s) +时间/金钱+ 1.(in)doing sth. 2. on sth. ②It + takes+人+时间+to do sth. ③人+pay(s)+金钱+ for sth. ④物+cost(s)+人+金钱

[译]她花了 10元钱买这本书。

She spent ten yuan on/buying the book. She paid ten yuan for the book. The book cost her ten yuan. 中考链接

I ______ some of my free time playing basketball for my school team. A. spend B. cost C. take D. pay

解析:本题考查动词辨析。spend, cost, take和pay都可以表示“花费”。spend和pay用人作主语;cost用物作主语;take常用it作形式主语。本句的主语是I,故排除B、C两项; spend的常用搭配为:spend... on/(in) doing sth. ; pay常用于pay for结构中。由句中的playing可知本句考查“spend... (in) doing sth.”这一结构。故选A项。 答案:A

4. As well as the usual activities, such as sailing, climbing and mountain biking...

除了普通的活动,如帆船、攀登和骑山地自行车外?? as well as在此用作介词短语,意为“除了 ”,相当于besides或in addition to。 As well as visiting Beijing, we spent a day in Tianjin. 除了游览北京以外,我们还在天津度过了 一天。 拓展

as well as意为“并且,还”,用来连接并列成分。连接并列主语时,谓语动词与前一主语保持一致。

She is clever as well as beautiful.她既美丽又聪明。

They sell hooks as well as newspapers.他们既卖报纸也卖书。

He as well as his parents goes to Hong Kong every year.他和父母每年去香港。

5. She asked us to imagine that we were in a story. 她让我们想象我们身处故事之中。 (1)ask sb. to do sth. 表示“让某人做某事”。

Tom often asks me to go shopping with him. 汤姆经常让我和他一起去购物。 Please ask the boys not to play football here. 请让那些男孩子不要在此踢足球。

(2)imagine意为“想象,其后常跟名同、动名词。也可以接从句作宾语,但不能用在进行时中。

I can't imagine what he looks like. 我想象不出他长什么样。

I didn't imagine becoming a writer. 我并未想过要成为一名作家。

6. In senior high school David wrote a story about teenage life, and it came out as a book in 2003. 在高中时,大卫写了一个关于青少年生活的故事,并于2003年成书出版。 come out 出版

Her book won't come out until next year.她的书要到明年才能出版。 拓展

come out还有“开花,发芽,出现”之意。

The flowers came out yesterday. 那些花儿昨天开了。 The moon came out from the clouds. 月亮从云里出来了。

7. Many teenagers love his book, and as a result, David has become a successful young writer. 很多青少年都喜欢他的书,大卫也因此成为一名成功的年轻作家。 (1)as a result意为“结果,因此”。

She didn't study hard, and as a result, she failed the exam. 她没有努力学习,结果考试没有及格 辨析:as a result与so as a result “结果,因此”,一般放在句首,后面加逗号。 So “因此”,既可放在句首,也可放在句中,两种情况so后面都不加逗号 The traffic was heavy. As a result, I was late. 交通很拥挤,结果我迟到了。

I got up late, so I missed the early bus.我起床晚了,所以错过了早班公共汽车。 (2)become的用法

用作连系动词,其后接名词或形容词。

He became a teacher at the age of 17. 他17岁就当了老师。 The weather became warmer. 天气变得暖和起来。 注意

become是终止性动词,它不能与表示一段时间的单词或短语连用;become也不可与不定式连用。

8. David has been very lucky because his hobby has brought him enjoyment and success, but he is also interested in many other things.

大卫一直很幸运,因为他的爱好给他带来了快乐和成功,但他对很多其他事情也感兴趣。 (1)这是一个含有because引导的原因状语从句的复合句。because表示“因为”,作连词,用于引导表示原因的状语从句。

Your parents will do everything for you because they love you. 你的父母愿意为你做一切事情,因为他们爱你。 (2)enjoyment n.快乐,享受

The guests drank the grape wine with enjoyment. 客人们愉快地品尝了葡萄酒。 [联想]

① enjoy v. 喜欢。后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。 My father enjoys running. 我父亲喜欢跑步。

② enjoyable adj. 高兴的,令人愉快的。在句中作定语或表语。 (3)success n;成功,胜利

I wish you success with your studies. 祝你学业有成。 [联想]

1. successful adj.成功的 2. successfully adv.成功地 3. succeed v.成功

9. It's sometimes difficult to remember that we shouldn't spend all our time on our favourit hobby. 有时候,我们很难记住我们不该把所有的时间都用在最喜欢的爱好上。

(1)这是一个含有that引导的宾语从句的复合句。it是形式主语,动词不定式短语to remember...是真正的主语。这个句型结构为“It is+ adj. ( + for/of sb.)+to do sth.”意为“(对某人来说)做某事是??”。

(2)It is very easy to ride a bike. 骑自行车很容易。 It’s better to stay at home. 最好待在家里。 It s very important to learn English well.

= To learn English well is very important. 学好英语很重要。 (2)sometimes是频度副词,意为“有时”,表示动作发生的频率。 He sometimes comes to see me. 他有时来看我。

辨析:sometimes, some times, sometime与some time ① sometimes有时 ② some times数次 ③ sometime某时

④ some time 一段时间

I have been there some times. 我已经去过那里数次了。

We'll have a party sometime next month.下个月的某个时间我们要举行一次聚会。 He waited for you for some time. 他等了你一些时候了。

(3)句中remember后面跟的是一个由that引导的宾语从句,说明remember的内容。It is important to remember that if you do it, do it well. 重要的是要记住:做一件事,就要把它做好。

(4)句中should用作情态动词,指应该,表示说话人的建议或者意愿。

You should say sorry to me. 你应该向我道歉。

10. There are many other interesting things to do in life, and we should try to do something new or different.

生活中有很多其他有趣的事情可做,我们应该尝试做些新的或不同的事情。 (1)try to do sth. 尽力做某事,试图做某事

The boy tried to draw a horse. 那个男孩尽力画了一匹马。 拓展

① try doing sth. 意为“尝试做某事”。

Why not try doing the experiment in another way? 为什么不试着用另一种方法做这个实验呢? ② try one's best to do sth.竭尽全力做某事

I must try my best to learn English well. 我必须竭尽全力学好英语。 (2)something new 意为“一些新的东西”,形容词修饰 something,anything,nothing, everything,somewhere,anywhere等复合不定代词或不定副词时,须放在这些词的后面。 Would you like something hot to drink? 你想喝点热东西吗? 中考链接

A foreign visitor is coming to visit our new house this evening. My mother will offer him ______ to eat.

A. anything delicious B. something real Chinese C. something Japanese food D. delicious something

解析:本题考查不定代词的用法。形容词修饰不定代词需后置,故排除D项;anything用于疑问句或否定句中,故排除A项;选项C中Japanese food是名词短语,不修饰不定代词;故something real Chinese(正宗的中国菜)符合题意。 答案:B

第3单元 内容详解

I. John enjoys making things. 约翰喜欢制作东西。 enjoy v. 喜欢

(1)enjoy sth.喜欢某物

I enjoy that storybook. 我喜欢那本故事书。 (2)enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事

They enjoy playing football. 他们喜欢踢足球。

(3)enjoy oneself 玩得高兴,过得愉快,相当于have fun, have a good time。 My students enjoy themselves every day. 我的学生每天都过得很愉快。 注意

enjoy后跟非谓语动词时只能跟v.- ing形式,不能跟动词不定式。

2. Jane is good at singing as well as dancing. 简既撞长跳舞也撞长唱歌。 be good at意为“擅长??;精通??”,其同义词组为do well in。 She is good at skating. =She does well in skating.她擠长滑冰。 辨析:be good for,be good at与be good to Be good for 意为“对??有益,对??有用”,后接表示人或事物的名词、代词或动名词。

Be good at 意为“擅长??,精通??”,后面也可接表示人或事物的名词、代词或动名词。 Be good to 意为“对??好”

Doing morning exercises is good for our health. 做早操对我们的健康有好处。 He is good at swimming. 他擅长游泳。

He is good to the old man. 他对那位老人很好。

3. I buy the magazines when they come out each month. 每月当杂志出版的时候我就买。 辨析: each与every

(1)every和each都可与单数可数名词连用,且意义相近,意为“每个的”,但every强调整体概念,each则表示个体概念。

Each day is better than the one before. 一天比一天好。

Every player was in the best state. 每个运动员都处于最佳状态。 (2)如果不特别强调某一意义时,every和each可以互换。 We want every child to succeed. 们希望每个孩子都成功。

Each child will find his own road to success. 每个孩子都会找到他自己的成功之路。

(3)each可以指两个或两个以上的人或物,every却不能指两个,只能指三个及三个以上的数量。

There are big trees on each side of the road. 在路的两边都有大树。

(4)另外,如有其他限定词同时修饰中心词时,each可作代词取代each of的形式,而every则只能作限定词,不与of连用。

Each(of)my parents gave me presents for Christmas. 过圣诞节时我父母都给我送了礼物。

4. ... to live in the way that people lived long ago .......体验古代生活。

本句含有一个that引导的定语从句。that引导的定语从句修饰the way, live in the way that...表示“以??的方式生活”。

She is trying to live in the way that her favourite star lives. 她试图以她般热爱的明星的生活方式生活。

We cannot live in the way that the ancient people did. 我们无法以古人的生活方式生活。 中考链接

The thing ______ my brother is going to do this afternoon is to write a letter. A. that B. who C. why D. whose

解析:先行词the thing是物,故可用that或which引导。 答案:A

5. Groups of people find out about the past. 成群的人聚在一起,搜寻过去的情况。 find out 查明(真相) 辨析:find out 与 find

Find out 意为“查明(真相〉,弄清(缘由)”,强调费时、经过周折调查到最后得到认证的一种结果。其后一般跟名词、代词或从句

Find 是及物动词,表示“找到,发现”之意,其后可跟名词、代词、复合结构或that从句。 与look for接近,但强调寻找的结果

Have you found out why he was late? 你弄清他为什么迟到了吗? Have you found your book? 你找到你的书了吗?

6. They dress in the clothes people wore in the past and then... 他们穿上人们过去穿的衣服?? dress v.穿

dress后面不能直接跟表示“衣服”的词作宾语,dress的常见搭配有:get dressed in +颜色,dress sb. /oneself,dress up 等。

All the children got dressed in red that day.那天,所有的孩子都穿着红衣服。 The girl is too young to dress herself. 这个女孩太小了,不会自己穿衣服。

You needn't dress up, come as you are. 你不必刻意打扮,穿着平时的衣服来就行了。 辨析:dress, put on,wear 与(be)in

Dress 指穿衣的动作,后面可接宾语,也可不接宾语。如果接宾语,则宾语必须是人,不是衣服。

Put on 指穿衣的动作,宾语必须是服装

Wear 指穿衣的状态,也可指戴着(手套、手表、眼镜、戒指、首饰等),或是穿着(鞋、袜等),后面要接宾语,宾语通常是物

(be)in 穿着,指状态,宾语既可以是衣服、帽子,又可以是颜色 中考链接

Mary is used to______ a T-shirt and jeans.

A. wear B. put on C. wearing D. putting on

解析:本题考查近义词用法辨析。wear表示穿的状态;put on表示穿的动作。由句意“玛丽习惯于穿T恤衫和牛仔裤”可排除B、D两项;又因be used to doing sth. “习惯于做某事”为固定短语,故选C项。 答案:C

Module 2 Friendship 第1单元 内容详解

1. Is that Chen Huan speaking? 你是陈欢吗?

这是一句打电活的常用语。在不确定或询问对方是哪位吋,

正:Is that…(speaking) 回答时用:正:This is…(speaking) 误:Are you…? 误:I’m… [联想]

常用打电话用语:

Who's that, please? 请问您是哪位?

May I speak to…please? 请问可以找??接电话吗?

2. Hold the line, please. 请不要挂机。 hold the line是打电话时的常用语,意为“等一下;别挂断”,相当于hold on或wait a momen. Hold the line. Mr Li is coming. 别挂断,李先生来了。 拓展

hold是动词,意为“拿,举,持;拥有;举办”。其过去式和过去分词均为held。 She's holding a book in her hand. 她手中拿着一本书。

We'll hold a sports meeting next week. 下周我们将举行运动会。

3. Do you know if Sally Maxwell has arrived? 你知道萨莉?麦克斯威尔到了没有?

(1)句中if是连词,意为“是否”,引导宾语从句,可用whether替换。 I don't know if they will visit your school. 我不知道他们是否会参观你们学校。 He asked if we were from England. 他问我们是否来自英格兰。 注意

If / whether引导的宾语从句要用陈述语序,且时态要与主句的时态一致。 [链接]

if作连词时,还有“如果”的意思,引导条件状语从句。

If it rains tomorrow, we'll stay at home and watch TV. 如果明天下雨,我们就待在家里看电视。 注意

在含有条件状语从句的复合句中,如果主句是一般将来时,那么从句应用一般现在时表将来。 中考链接

I want to know ______ he will be the volunteer in the 2011 Universiade (世界大学生运动会)in Shenzhen.

A. where B. who C. if D. which

解析:本题考查宾语从句的引导词。由句意“我想知道他是否将在深圳2011年世界大学生运动会上做志愿者。”知选C。 答案:C

(2)arrive v. 到达,后面可以直接加副词,也可以加in(后接大地方)或at(后接小地方)。 We arrived home early.我们很早就到家了。

They arrived at the station at two o'clock and arrived in Beijing eight hours later. 他们两点钟到达车站,八小时后到达了北京。 辨析:arrive, reach与get

① arrive后直接加副词,或加介词再接名词。 ② reach是及物动词,后面直接加名词或副词。

When I reached the station, the train had left. 当我到达车站时,火车早已离开了。 ③ get较口语化,其后直接加副词或加to再接名词。

What time did they get there / to Beijing yesterday? 昨天他们几点到的那里/北京?

4. I asked your secretary whether she could come or not. 我问过你的秘书她是否能来。 whether... or not意为“是否”,whether引导宾语从句。

She wanted to know whether we were ready or not. 她想知道我们是否准备好了。

if和whether都可引导宾语从句,且多数情况下可互换使用,但以下情况只能使用whether而不能使用if:

(1)与or not直接连用

I wonder whether or not the room is big enough. 我想知道这个房间是否足够大。 (2)在不定式前

We don't know whether to leave right now. 我们不知道是否马上离开。 (3)作介词的宾语

Mary worried about whether she could pass the test. 玛丽担心她能否考试过关。 (4)作discuss或decide等动词的宾语

They are discussing whether they should help the animals. 他们正在讨论他们是否应帮助那些动物。

5. Yes, our last public concert will be here on Starsearch in a couple of months.

是的,我们最后一场公众音乐会几个月以后将在这里《明星大搜寻》节目中上演。 这是一个含有will的一般将来时态的简单句。a couple of含义为“一对,一双”,此处则表示“一些,几个”。

I'll just have a couple of oranges. 我就吃几个橘子吧。 辨析:a pair of 与 a couple of

a pair of 表示成对的东西,可以是鞋、袜子、裤子、剪子等 a couple of 表示任何两件同类的东西,但不一定是成对使用的 I bought a pair of cotton gloves yesterday. 昨天我买了一副棉手套。 I found a couple of socks in my bedroom but they didn’t make a pair. 我在我的卧室里找到了两只袜子,但配不成对。

6. ... but I have some close friends here. ??但是我在这里有一些很好的朋友。 close在此用作形容词,意为“亲近的;亲密的”。

Mike is my close friend. 迈克是我的亲密朋友。读音为/klaus/。 注意

close作动词时,意为“关闭”,读音为/klauz/。

When do the shops close in the afternoon? 这些商店下午什么时候停止营业?

7. I know that foreigners find China very different from their own countries. 我知道外国人都发现中国与他们自己的国家很不一样。 (1)(be)different from 不同于??

My bike is different from yours. 我的自行车与你的不同。

Living in the country is different from living in the city. 住在乡下和住在城市不同。 (2)own的用法: 1. adj, 自己的

I saw it with my own eyes. 这是我亲眼所见的。 2. pron.自己

May I have it for my own? 我可以把它当成我自己的吗? 3. 拥有

He owns the house.他拥有这座房子。

8. What does it feel like? (你)感觉如何? feel like在此意为“觉得”,feel是连系动词,like是介词。 I feel like a fool at that time. 那时我觉得自己像一个傻瓜。 拓展

(1)feel like感觉起来像;摸起来像

The warm weather feels like spring. 这暖和的天气感觉就像春天。 (2)feel like doing sth. 希望 / 想做某事

We feel like walking after supper. 晚饭后我们想去散步。

9. My visit here is all about making friends. 我来这里就是交朋友的。 make friends意为“交朋友’。表示“与某人交朋友”用make friends with sb。注意,其中的friend必须用复数形式friends。

It’s easy to make friends at school. 在学校里交朋友容易。

I want to make friends with American boys. 我想同美国男孩交朋友。

10. By the way, why don't you bring all your friends for a visit to Radio Beijing? 顺便问一下,为什么不把你们的朋友都带到北京电台来做客呢? (1)by the way意为“顺便说;顺便问”,常用于口语中作插入语,以引起新的话题或内容。 By the way, is there a bank nearby? 顺便问一下,附近有银行吗? (2)“Why don't you…?”“是一个否定的特殊疑问句,用于提出建议,这个句子也可以用“Why not +动词原形?”来表达同样的意思。

Why don't you talk about names? =Why not talk about names? 你为什么不谈论一下名字呢? 拓展

What / How about…?也表示建议,可与上述句型进行转换。不过后面若跟动词,必须用v. -ing形式。

Why don't you go to ask the teacher? = What about going to ask the tcacher? 你为什么不去问老师呢? 中考链接

“For your coming vacation,why ______ coming to Guiyang?”“Good idea!” A. not consider B. don't consider C. to consider

解析:Why not + 动词原形?= Why don’ t+主语+动词原形?意为“为什么不??呢?”,用来提建议。 答案:A

第2单元 内容详解

1. When I was 13 years old, a boy gave me an important gift.

在我13岁的时候,一个男孩儿给了我一份十分重要的礼物。 gift n.礼物

辨析: girt与present

Girt是稍正式的说法,指特别郑重其事地赠送给个人、团体或组织的礼物.除可表示实物外,还可表示金钱。

Present 是一般性用语,不如gift庄重,指赠送给朋友或他人价值不高的小礼品,只能指实物,不可指金钱。

The gift that he gave me was a sweet smile. 他送给我的礼物是一个甜甜的微笑。 I got a present from one of my old classmates yesterday. 昨天,我的一个老同学送给了我一份礼物。

2. I was very lonely, and afraid to make friends with anyone. 我感到很孤独,不敢与任何人交朋友。 (1)lonely adj. 孤独的 辨析:lonely与alone

Lonely 形容词,意为“孤独的,寂寞的”,具有感情色彩,强调心灵上的寂寞与孤独,只能作表语;作定语修饰地点名词时,意为“偏僻的,荒凉的” Alone 用作形容词,意为“单独的,独自的”,只能作表语;也可用作副词,意为“独自地” 一言辨异

I didn't feel lonely though I was alone. 我虽孤身一人,但并不感到寂寞。

(2)he afraid to do... 表示“害怕做??”,特指“因害怕而不敢做某事”。 I'm afraid to go skating alone. 我不敢独自一人去滑冰。 Jane is afraid to go out after dark. 简不敢在天黑后出门。 (3)be afraid that… 恐怕??(这种说法比较委婉) I m afraid that I can’t go with you tomorrow. 恐怕我明天不能和你一起去了。

辨析:be afraid to do sth. 与 be afraid of doing sth. be afraid to do sth. 意为“不敢做某事” be afraid of doing sth. 意为“担心(害怕)”出现某种后果而不敢做某事 一言辩异

Mr Black was afraid to climb the tree,for he was afraid of falling down from it. 布莱克先生不敢爬树,因为他怕从树上掉下来。

Every time I heard the other students talking and laughing, I felt my heart break. 每次当我听到其他同学又说又笑时,我就感到我的心都碎了。 这是一个含有every time引导的时间状语从句的复合句。

(1)every time在本句中引导一个时间状语从句,意思是“每次??”。every time也可换成 each time。

Every / Each time I go to see him,he is always learning English. 我每次去看他,他总在学英语。 (2)hear sb. doing sth. 听见某人正在做某事 I heard him singing. 我听见他正在唱歌。 辨析:hear sb. do sth.与hear sb. doing sth.

1. hear sb. do sth.听见某人做某事,强调整个事件、行为的全过程。 2. hear sb. doing sth.强调动作正在进行。

(3)feel sb. /sth. do sth. 表示“感觉到某人做过某事(某事发生过)”。 I felt a worm climb up my leg. 我感到有虫子在我腿上爬。

4. ….and 1 didn't want my parents to worry about me.......我不想让父母为我担心。 worry about 意为“担心”。

They all worried about the bad weather. 他们都为坏天气而担心。 拓展

be worried about意为“为??担心”,worried是形容词,意为“担忧的,焦虑的”。 The woman seems worried about something. 那位妇女好像在担心什么事情。

5. He passed me and then turned back. 他从我旁边走过,然后转过身来。 Pass v. 通过,经过

He passed me by and didn't notice me. 他从我身边经过,没有注意到我。 拓展

pass还可意为“传递”。常用句型:pass sb. sth. = pass sth. to sb. “传递给某人某物”。 Please pass the pen to me. = Please pass me the pen.请把钢笔递给我。

6. Suddenly,I felt the touch of something bright and friendly. 突然,我感到一种明朗而又友好的东西在触动我。 touch在句中作名词,意为“触摸,碰”。

The sudden touch of my hand on his shoulder made him cry.

我的手突然触及他的肩膀使他叫喊起来。 拓展

touch也可用作动词,意为“触摸,碰”。 Don't touch the screen. 不要触摸屏幕。

7. It made me feel happy. lively and warm. 它让我感到幸福、有活力而且温暖。 feel是连系动词,后跟形容词作表语。

1 felt lonely living in a house on the mountain myself. 一个人住在山上的房子里时,我感到孤独。

He felt very sad when he heard about the car accident. 当他听说发生了车祸时,他感到非常伤心。

Can you imagine how happy we felt when we knew you would come? 你们能想象当我们获悉你们要来时的欣喜之情吗? 中考链接

This silk dress ______ so smooth. It's made in China. A. feels B. smells C. sounds D. tastes 解析:本题考查连系动词辨析。feel“摸起来”;smell\闻起来”;sound“听起来”;taste“尝起来”。由句意“这条丝裙摸起来很光滑。它是中国产的”知选A项。 答案:A

8. …but he couldn't remember smiling at me!...但他却不记得对我笑过! 辨析:remember doing sth.与 remember to do sth. remember doing sth. 记得曾经做过某事

remember to do sth. 记得去做某事(事情还未做)

I remember closing all the windows. 我记得关上了所有的窗户。 Remember to post the letter .记着把这封信寄出去。 [联想]

remember的反义词forget也有此用法。 forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事 forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事

9. Now 1 believe that the world is what you think it is. 现在我相信世界就是你认为的那个样子。

(1)本句是含有that引导的宾语从句的复合句。That the world is what you think it is 是一个宾语从句,作动词believe的宾语。在宾语从句中要用陈述语序,而what you think it is是一个表语从句,意思是“你想象的那个样子”。 (2)believe v;认为;相信

I believe that he is right. 我认为他是对的。

I don't believe a word he says. 他说的话我一句也不信。 注意

I / We believe后接表示否定意义的宾语从句时,须将否定前移。 I don't believe that he can come. 我认为他不能来。

第3单元

内容详解

I. Do you know if Sally Maxwell is here yet? 你知道萨莉·麦克斯威尔是否在这儿了吗? 这是一个含有if引导的宾语从句的复合句。yet为副词,用在疑问句和否定句中,可置于句首、句中或句末。yet用在疑问句中,意为“到目前(或到当时)为止,至今,巳经”;用于否定句中,表示不熟悉或不确定,通常位于句末或紧跟在not后面,意为“尚未,未曾”。 The sun has not risen yet. 太阳还没有升起。

Have you finished your homework? 你完成作业了吗? — Not yet. 还没有。

yet表示“已经”时用于疑问句中,肯定句中要用already;在否定句中表示“还(没有)”只能用yet,不能用already或still; yet用于肯定句中与比较级连用,用来加强语气,意为 “还,仍然,依然”。

You must work yet harder. 你必须更加努力工作。

2. My classmates and I would like to interview some students. 我和我的同学想采访一些学生。 would like 想,想要

在英语口语中,would like是一个经常用的结构,它表示“想,想要”,用来农示主语的意愿。 (1)would like后可跟名词、代词,would like没有人称和数的变化。 I’d like some noodles. My younger brother would like some rice. 我想要些面条。我弟弟想要些米饭。

(2)would like后跟动词时,应在该动词前加上to,构成动词不定式。

We would like to order some chicken and cabbage.我们想要点一些鸡肉和卷心菜。 注意

would like后要加to do sth.

(3)would like—般表示主语当时的意愿,如果要表示主语一贯的兴趣或喜好则应用like。 Jack likes swimming. But now he'd like to play tennis. 杰克喜欢游泳,但现在他想去打网球。 (4)在would like结构中,would是一个情态动词,故它的疑问和否定形式都需变化 would,即将would移到主语前构成疑问句式,在would后加上not构成否定。 Would you like to drink a cup of tea? 你想喝杯茶吗?

① 由would like所构成的一般疑问句往往表示征求对方的意见,在句中表示“一些”时应用some(thing),不可用 any(thing)。

Would you like some bread for supper? 你晚餐想吃些面包吗? Would you like something to drink? What about some orange juice? 你想来点儿喝的吗?来点儿橘子汁怎么样? ② 对Would you like...? 疑问句的回答方式:like后为名词或代词时一般用Yes,please. /No,thanks.等回答;like后如果是动词不定式表示想要去则用Yes,I’ d like/love to.来回答,to代替问句中的动词不定式,不可省略;如果不想,则先说 “I’d love to. ”,再用but加不去的理由。

— Would you like carrot and beef noodles? 你想要胡萝卜牛肉面吗? — Yes, please. / No, thanks. 好的,请给我来点。/ 不,谢谢。 —Would you like to go with us? 你想和我们一起去吗?

— I’ d love to. But 1 have to wash my clothes. 我想去,但我得洗衣服 中考链接

一Would you like to play basketball with us this afternoon?

— ______. I have to study for tomorrow's test. A. I'd love to B. I'm afraid not C. Sounds good D. No problem

解析:本题考查情景交际。问句句意为“今天下午你愿意和我们一起打篮球吗?”由答语后句“我必须准备明天的考试”可知此处为否定回答。故B项“恐怕不能”为正确答语。 答案:B

3. I was a bit lonely at first, but people here are friendly, so I am never alone any more! 起先我有点儿孤独,但是这儿的人很友好,所以我就不再孤单了!

这是一个由but连接的并列句,其中后面的并列句中又含有一个由so引导的结果状语从句。 (1)at first意为“首先,开始”,该短语多用于句首或句末,表达初始的时间。First在此短语中为副词,故前面不用the修饰。 辨析:at first与first

at first “开始,开头”之意,暗示与后来的事情或动作不同。与at the beginning同义 first 一般表示按顺序的开始,相当于first of all(首先)或for the first time(初次) At first, I couldn't work out the problem. 起初,我没能解出那道题。

First we had breakfast, then we walked to school. 我们先吃了早饭,然后步行去学校 (2)never是频度副词,意为“从来没有,绝不”,表示频率为零。never—般位于实义动词之前,连系动词、助动词或情态动词之后。 He never eats junk food. 他从来不吃垃圾食品。 John is never late for school. 约翰上学从来不迟到。 中考链接

I can ______ be a nurse. I'm not a very patient person. A. seldom B. ever C. never D. always

解析:本题考查副词的用法。seldom很少;ever曾经;never从来不;always —直,总是。 题意“我绝对当不了护士,我不是一个非常有耐心的人”知选C。 答案:C

4. Some people write to find out about life in another country... 一些人写信来了解其他国家的生活情况?? find out表示“查明,弄清”,指经过调査分析而得出结论。 I found out she did not tell the truth. 我发现她没说实话。 Please find out where she lives.请查明她住在什么地方。 注意

find out指主观有意识的动作,多指查出抽象的事因、复杂的真相等;而find多指偶然发现、碰到。 图解助记

Find 找到(表结果) Find out 查明(表结果) Look for (表动作)

Module 3 On the radio 第1单元 内容详解

1. Remember to look out for the red light! 记得要注意红色信号灯!

look out(for)意思是“当心,注意”,相当于 pay attention to。 Look out! There is a car coming. 当心!一辆小汽车开过来了。

Look out for spelling mistakes when you check your homework. 检查作业时要注意拼写错误。 温馨提示

look out还可表示“向外看”。

She stopped writing and looked out of the window. 她停止了写作,然后向窗外看了看。 [图解助记]各种“小心” Look out! Watch out! Watch out! Be careful! “都是小心!”的意思

2. Don't mention it. 不用客气。

用以答复别人道谢或客气时的用语。

— Thank you for your kind help when I was ill. 感谢你在我生病时的热心帮助。 — Don't mention it. 不用客气。 温馨提示 用以回答“Thank you. / Thanks. ”的句子还有:Not at all. /You're welcome. /That's all right. /It's my pleasure. 拓展

mention动词,意为“提及”,后接名词、代词或动名词以及从句作宾语。常用结构有:mention sb. sth.或 mention sth. to sb.意为“向某人提及某事”,not to mention 更不用说。

3. I enjoy showing visitors around. 我喜欢领着参观者到处转一转。 (1)enjoy doing sth. 意为“喜欢做某事,享受做某事”。常见的后接动词-ing形式的单词或词组还有:mind, finish,practise, avoid, suggest, can,t help, feel like, be worth (2)show sb. around 领某人参观

I’d like to take / show you around our city. 我很乐意带你参观我们的城市。 This is our new office—Wang Lin will show you around. 这是我们的新办公室——王琳会带你参观一下。 [联想]

take sb. around与show sb. around意思相同,表示“带领某人参观”。 His parents took him around Europe.他的父母带他游遍欧洲。

4. We collect the latest news and write the reports here. 我们在这里收集最新消息并撰写报道。 report有名词和动词两种词性,在本句中它用作名词。report用作名词时,意为“报告;报道”,还可与介词of或on连用;用作动词时,意为“报告;报道;记叙”。 Are these newspaper reports true? 报纸上这些报道属实吗? Who reported the news? 谁报道的新闻? 拓展

reporter是名词,意为“记者;通讯员”。

His elder sister is a famous reporter. 他姐姐是位有名的记者。

5. On Radio Beijing everyone needs to speak English well. 在北京电台,每个人都要讲一口流利的英语。 need to do sth. 需要做某事

I don't think you need to worry. 我认为你不必发愁。 拓展

need doing sth.需要做某事,常用主动形式表示被动的含义。in need处于困难中 The TV needs mending again. = The TV needs to be mended again. 这台电视机需要再修理一下。

We should help the people in need. 我们应当帮助处于困难中的人们

6. So keep studying, and maybe one day you can join us. 所以坚持学习,也许有一天你能加入到我们的行列中来。 keep的用法

(1)keep doing sth. 意为“一直做某事”,表示不间断地持续做某事。 You shouldn't keep thinking about it. 你不该老想着这件事。

Keep passing the ball to each other, and you'll be OK. 坚持互相传球,你们就行。 (2)keep on doing sth. 意为“反复做某事”。

The student kept on asking me the same question. 那个学生反复问我同一个问题。 (3)keep… from doing sth. 意为“阻止/防止??做某事”。

In order to keep the children from swimming in the sea,he keeps them staying at home all day. 为了不让孩子们去海里游泳,他让他们整天待在家里。

7. And this is where we prepare the weather reports. 这里是我们准备天气预报的地方。

prepare既可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。用作及物动词时,意为“准备,把??准备好”;用作不及物动词时,其后常接for sth.或to do sth..表示目的。 Mother is preparing dinner. 母亲正在做饭。

They are preparing for the coming exam. 他们在为即将举行的考试做准备。 [联想]

get ready for sth.与prepare for sth. 意思相同,表示“为某事做准备”,强调动作。 be ready for sth.与be prepared for sth.意思相同,表示“准备好某事”,强调状态。

8. We won the match!我们赢了比赛! 辨析:win与beat

Win用法较广泛,指在比赛、战斗等中获胜,也可指在比赛等中获得奖品。其宾语一般是比赛或奖品、奖金

We won more than 60 gold medals. 我们获得了60多枚金牌。 Beat表示“赢,打败”,指在比赛或竞争中战胜某人。其宾语一般是竞争对手 She beat me at chess. 她下国际象棋蠃了我。

可简单记作“打败(beat)对手,赢得(win)比赛”。

9. I hate losing! 我讨厌输球!

hate作动词时,它的含义和用法有许多: (1)hate+名词,意为“憎恨,不喜欢”。

The little girl hates snakes.这个小女孩不喜欢蛇。

(2)hate +to do sth. / doing sth. 意为“不愿意做某事”。

Why do you hate travelling by air? 你为什么不愿意乘飞机旅行? (3)hate+宾语从句

She hates what I hate. 我不喜欢的,她也不喜欢。

第2单元 内容详解

1. “How old are you? ”the radio studio manager at WXBN looked down at me. “你多大了?\电台播音室的经理低下头看着我问。 look down意为“向下看”,其反义词组为look up,意为“抬头看,向上看”。 The girl was very shy. She looked down at her feet. 那个女孩很害羞,她低下头看着自己的脚。 拓展

look短语集结号: look at 看

look after 照顾

look forward to 期待

look around 环顾,向四周看 look through浏览

look down upon轻视,瞧不起 look up查阅(单词)

2. “Shouldn't you be at school? ”he asked.“难道你不应该上学吗?”他问。

这个问句是一般疑问句的否定形式。它常常用来表示惊奇、责难、建议、看法等,意为“难道不??吗?”

Don't you know the twins’ names? 难道你不知道这对双胞胎的名字吗? 温馨提示

对此问句进行回答时,要注意与汉语习惯的不同。答语中用yes还是no,应该以答语的内容是肯定还是否定为准。也就是说,答语的内容是肯定的就用yes;答语的内容是否定的就用no。

—— Doesn't he want to go? 难道他不想去吗? Yes, he does. 不,他想去。

—— Can't you get up a little earlier? 难道你不能起得早一点吗?

—— No, I can t. I went to bed too late last night. 是的,我不能。昨晚我睡得太晚了。

3. How could I explain 我怎么解释呢? Explain v. 解释 (1)explain+从句

He explained why he didn't come yesterday. 他解释昨天为什么没有来。 (2)explain+疑问词+动词不定式

Can you explain to us how to use the car? 你能向我们解释怎样使用这辆车吗? (3)explain sth. to sb.向某人解释某事

The teacher explained the problem to the class. 老师向学生们解释了这个问题。

4. When I was about four or five years old,I remember sitting close to the radio in the living room, listening to my favourite programmes, and to the voices of my favourite presenters. 我记得自己在四五岁时,紧靠在客厅的收音机旁坐着,听我最喜欢的节目和最喜欢的主持人的声音。

listening to my favourite programmes

这个词组在句子中表示伴随情况,我们称其为伴随状语。 They came running all the way. 他们是一路跑着来的。

We stayed at home all day watching TV. 我们一整天待在家里看电视。

5. It seemed that they were speaking to me in person. 感觉好像他们在亲自和我说话。 (1)Seem作连系动词,意为“看起来,似乎”。

It seems that they know what they're doing. 看来,他们知道自己在做什么。 拓展

seem作连系动词,主要结构有: 1. seem + to do / be 似乎,好像??

The baby seems to be asleep. 那个婴儿似乎睡着了。 2. seem + adj / n.看上去好像?? She seems quite shy. 她看上去很害羞

3. It seems / seemed that… 似乎 / 好像??

It seems that no one knows what happened. 似乎没人知道发生了什么事。 温馨提示

seem的否定形式有两种:do not seem或seem not,意为“似乎不,好像不”。 Tony doesn't seem to be in the library. = Tony seems not to be in the library. 托尼好像不在图书馆。

(2)in person 意为“亲自\。

I came to the post office to pick up the letter in person. 我亲自去邮局领取信件。

6. At the age of nine, I asked for jobs in small radio stations. 9岁的时候,我去小电台求过职。

(1)at the age of... 意为“在??岁时”。

She went to the city at the age of 18. 她18岁时去了那个城市。 拓展

短语at the age of可以用when引导的时间状语从句改写。

I became a teacher at the age of 23. = I became a teacher when I was 23. 我在23岁时成为了一名教师。 (2)ask for意为“请求;要”。

ask for后接某人时,意思是“找某人,要求见某人”;后接某物时,意为“要某物”。而ask sb. for sth.则表示“向某人要某物,请求某人给予某物”。 Someone is asking for you at the door. 门口有人找你。

He's coming here to ask for some bread. 他来这里要些面包。 She asks him for his address. 她向他要他的地址。

7. As I grew older, my interest in radio grew. 随着年龄的增长,我对广播的兴趣与日俱增。 (1)本句中as引导了一个时间状语从句,主句为my interest in radio grew。从句和主句的

谓语均为grew,但用法不同:第一个是连系动词,意为“变得”,后接形容词的比较级older;第二个是不及物动词,意为“增长”。 His face grew pale. 他的脸色变得苍白。

The population is growing very fast. 人口正快速增长。 (2)as此处为连词,“随着??”,表述两个发展变化中的情况。 As he talked on,he got more and more excited. 他越讲越激动。 As you grow older. you'll know better and better about yourself. 随着年龄的增长,你就会越来越了解你自己。

8. One day I learnt about Internet radio. 有一天我听说了网络电台。 词组learn about / of意为“听说??的事情,了解”。

I'm very sorry to learn about your illness. 听说你病了,我十分难过。 拓展

(1)learn from… 向??学习

We must learn from each other and help each other. 我们必须互相学习并互相帮助。 (2)learn by oneself 自学

He is learning English by himself. 他正在自学英语。 (3)learn by heart 记住

Our teacher asks us to learn the new words by heart. 老师要我们把生词记住。

9. I sat down in the studio, in front of a microphone. 我坐在演播室的麦克风前。 in front of... 意为“在??的前面”,强调在某物的范围之外,相当于before。 There is a tree and some flowers in front of the house. 房前有一棵树和一些花。(它们不在房子的内部) in the front of... 意为“在??(里面)的前面”,表示在某物的范围之内。 He's sitting in the front of the car. 他坐在小汽车的前面。(他在小汽车里)

10. He was in another room, behind the glass wall. 他在玻璃墙后的另一个房间里。 句中glass为名词,意为“玻璃”。glass当“玻璃”讲时是不可数名词,当“玻璃杯”讲时是可数名词。

The window is made of three pieces of glass. 窗户是由3块玻璃制成的。 I'd like three glasses of water. 我想要3杯水。

These glasses are all made of glass. 这些杯子都是用玻璃做的。 [图解助记] glass的一词多义 a pair of glassy 一副眼镜 a glass of orange 一杯橙汁

two glasses [可数名词]两个玻璃杯 glass [不可数名词] 玻璃

11. All radio presenters begin work with the same question. 所有广播主持人的工作都是从回答这个问题开始的。

Begin / start… with… 意为“以??开始??”。

Miss Wang usually begins her class with some interesting questions. 王老师通常以几个有趣的问题开始她的课。

Let's start the concert with this song. 我们以这首歌来幵始音乐会吧。

12. And this was how my first real job in radio began. 这就是我如何开始真正从事播音工作的故事。

how引导的句子在连系动词was之后,作表语,我们称之为表语从句。使用表语从句时应注意两个方面的问题:一是表语从句的时态要与主句保持一致;二是从句要用陈述语序。 That's why she was late. 那就是她迟到的原因。

It was where they lived 10 years ago. 那就是他们10年前居住过的地方。

第3单元 内容详解

1. continue 继续

continue doing sth.意思是“继续做 / 不停地做某事”,指持续、不间断地从事某项工作。相当于 go on doing / with sth.。

She wanted to continue working after she was married. 她想结婚后继续工作。 注意

continue to do sth. 意思等同于 continue doing sth,二者可以通用。

2. Tony hates seeing / to see his team lose. 托尼讨厌看到他的队失败。 see sb. do sth. 意为“看见某人做某事”。

I often see them play in the park. 我常看见他们在公园里玩。 辨析:see sb. do sth.与see sb. doing sth.

see sb. do sth. 看见某人做某事(看见了动作的整个过程),或经常看见某人做某事

see sb. do sth. 看见某人正在做某事(没看见动作的整个过程,表示看见时动作正在进行) He saw two men enter the bar. 他看见两个人走进酒吧。

He saw a dog running in the garden. 他看见一条狗正在花园里跑。 中考链接

When I was walking past the window, I saw Wang Fei ______ my homework. I really got annoyed.

A. copying B. copy C. copies D. copied 解析:see sb. do sth. “看见某人做了某事”(看见动作的全过程);see sb. doing sth“看见某人正在做某事”(看见动作正在进行)。由从句“当我正经过窗户的时候”可知看见动作正在进行,故用see sb. doing sth。 答案:A

3. Please tell me how long the Great Wall is. 请告诉我长城有多长。

这是一个双宾语结构,直接宾语为宾语从句:此句中how long意为“多长”,可就长度进行提问,从句要用陈述语序。

How long is our classroom? 我们的教室有多长? 拓展

how long 也可对时间进行提问,意为“多久;多长时间”,询问动作持续的时间,谓语动词应用延续性动词,如work, live, study, play等,可与多种时态连用,常对for+一段时间”提问。

— How long did they work here?他 们在这儿工作多长时间了?

— For about one year.大约一年了。 中考链接

— ______ do you watch TV every week?

— Less than two hours. I often have much homework to do. A. How many B. How much C. How long D. How often 解析:本题考查特殊疑问词组的辨析:how many“多少”,询问可数名词的数量;how much“多少”,询问不可数名词的数量:how long“多长时间”;how often“多久一次”,询问频率。由答语“Less than two hours. ”(不到两小时。)”知问句询问时间的长短,故用how long。 答案:C

4. OK. that s the end of the tour. 好,我们的参观到此结束。 the end of... 意为“??末”,是名词短语,其反义词组是the beginning of…,表示“??的开头”。

The beginning of the story is boring, but the end of it is very funny. 故事的开头很无聊,但是其结尾很有趣。 拓展

(1)at the end of… 意思是“在??结尾”“在??的尽头”,是介词短语,其反义词组是 at the beginning of…,表示“在??开始”。

I left my home at the beginning of the year, and returned at the end of the year. 我年初离开家,年终才回来。

There is a shop at the end of the street. 在街的尽头有一家商店。 (2)in the end意思是“最后,终于”,相当于at last, finally, 是副词短语,其后不可接介词of。

In the end, he succeeded.最后他成功了

5. He then realised how much a radio would help African people learn about health and health care.然后,他意识到收音机对于帮助非洲的人们了解健康和保健有多么重要。 这是一个含有宾语从句的复合句。 health为名词,意为“健康”。

Smoking does harm to health.吸烟有害健康。 拓展

healthy为形容词,意为“健康的”,其反义词为unhealthy “不健康的”。 The children look very healthy. 孩子们看起来很健康。

6. Even in tiny villages which had no electricity, or forms of communication, people began to listen to the radio, not only for entertainment, but to educate themselves, too.

甚至在没有电或任何通讯形式的小村庄,人们也开始收听广播,不仅仅为了娱乐,而且也为了他们的自我教育。

not only… but(also)… 不但??而旦??,它连接并列的句子或句子成分。 Beijing has not only a lot of old buildings but also many new buildings. 北京不仅有许多古建筑,而且还有很多新楼房。

This girl is not only pretty but also clever. 这个女孩不仅漂亮而且聪明。 温馨提示 (1)当连接两个主语时,谓语动词应与最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。 Not only he but

also I am a teacher. 不仅他,而且我也是个老师。 (2)由not only… but also…引导的句子可用as well as来转换。但两个句子的语意侧重不同:as well as侧重前者,而not only. . . but also...侧重后者。 She is not only beautiful but also kind.

= She is kind as well as beautiful. 她不但漂亮,而且为人很好。

Module 4 New technology 第1单元 内容详解

1. Chen Huan wants a recording for his programme, and he lent me his CD recorder. 陈欢想为他的节目配一段录音,所以他把他的CD录音机借给了我。 lend意为“借(给)”。

lend表示把某物借给某人,其过去式和过去分词均为lent,其反义词是borrow。常与to连用,lend…to…意为“把??借给??”。

Don't worry. I will lend you 100 yuan. 不用担心,我将借给你100元。 = Don't worry. I will lend 100 yuan to you. [助记]

“借”有巧法 “借”看执行者,“借出”用lend,“借入”用borrow。 如果用keep,表示“借多久”。假如看不完,“续借”用renew。 She often lends her pen to me. 她经常把她的钢笔借给我。 I often borrow books from him. 我常向他借书。

You can keep the book for two weeks. 你可以借这本书两周。 You must come and renew it if you can't finish the book in time. 如果你不能及时看完这本书,必须来续借。

借出书 lend the book 借入书 borrow the book

借书一周 keep the book for a week 归还书 return the book 注意

borrow和lend均为非延续性动词,不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。keep是延续性动词,可与表示一段时间的状语连用。 [搭配]

Borrow…from... 从??借?? lend…to... 将??借给?? Keep… for… 借??多长时间

2. If you want to turn on the recorder, press the blue button. 如果你想打开录音机,按蓝色按钮。 turn on打开(电器等)

Please turn on the lights. 请打开灯。

Do you know how to turn on the camera? 你知道怎么打开照相机吗? 拓展

turn off关闭 turn up(把音量等)调高 turn down(把音量等)调低 注意

turn on和turn off 都是“动词+副词”型动词短语,宾语是名词时,可放在词组之后或副词之前;宾语是代词时,要放在副词的前面。

The lights all went off. Could you help me turn them on? 灯都关了。你能帮我把它们打开吗? 中考链接

I can hardly hear what it is saying on TV. Would you please ______ ? A. turn it up B. turn it down C. turn it on D. turn it off

解析: turn up(把音量)调高;turn down调低;turn on打开;turn off关闭。由句意“我几乎听不到电视上在说些什么”可知应问“请你把音量调高好吗?”。 答案:A

3. If you want to play back, press the green button. 如果你想回放,按绿色按钮。 (1)play back表示“回放,重放(录音或录像等〉”。

Play the last section back to me, please. 请把最后一节再给我放一次。 (2)press v.按

You must press this button to start the radio. 你必须按这个按钮才能打开这台收音机。 Press this button to start the engine. 按这个按钮开动引擎。

4. If the red light doesn't come on, wait for thirty seconds. 如果红灯没亮,等待30秒。 (1)come on在这里表示“打开,开动”,它还可以用于祈使句,表示“鼓励、劝说、催促”等。

A dog started barking, and lights came on in the house. 一条狗叫了起来,屋子里的灯亮了。 Come on! We'll be late for class. 快一点儿!我们上课要迟到了。 注意

尽管turn on也有“打开”之意,但其主语一般是“人”;而come on的主语一般是“灯”等电器。

(2)Second 在本句中意为“秒”,它还可为序数词,意为“第二”。 There are 60 seconds in a minute. 一分钟有60秒。

He is the second to cross the finishing line. 他是第二个穿过终点线的。 [图解助记] second的一词多义

There are ten seconds for the second. 第二名(与第一名)相差 10 秒。

5. If you want to send your recording by email, connect the recorder to your computer. 如果要把录音通过电子邮件发给别人,将录音机和电脑连接起来。 (1)send vt. 送,寄,发送,派遣,打发

send的用法很灵活,词义也较多,现总结如下: ① 送,派;递;使前往

She sent me a nice pencil. 她送给了我一支好铅笔。 She sent for the doctor. 她派人去请医生了。 ② 使??陷入;使处于(某种状态)

This noise will send me mad. 这吵闹声会使我发疯。 ③ 发信,寄信;传令

If any letters come. Can I send them on? 如果有信来,我是否可以把它们转寄出去? ④(天然事物)发出,长出,生出

The trees send out many new branches. 树长出很多新枝: send后接双宾语即send sb. sth. 可转换成send sth. to sb.

They sent me some postcards. = They sent some postcards to me. 他们给我寄了一些明信片。

(2)connect 的用法

connect在句中表示“连接;接通”,后面可以接介词to或with,构成connect with / to. . .。 Could you connect the mobile phone to the computer? 你能将手机与电脑连接起来吗? 拓展

connect后接副词up,表示“接通,连接在一起”;后接介词with, 表示“与??连接, 使??有联系,用电话和??联系”等。

The scientists connected the wires up. 科学家把这些电线连接起来。 Please connect me with Beijing University. 请给我接北京大学。

6. If you want to choose another programme, press this button. 如果你想选择另一个节目,按这个按钮。

another在此用作形容词,意为“再一;又一;别的”,常用来修饰单数名词,也可接数词再 接复数名词。

Would you like to have another cup of tea? 你想再喝杯茶吗? another+数词+可数名词复数=数词+ more+可数名词复数

We need another ten boys to help us. = We need ten more boys to help us. 我们还需要10个男孩来帮忙。 温馨提示

another指三者或三者以上范围中的另一个。若指两者中的另一个,则用the other;表达不定范围的“另一些”时,用others;表达一定范围的“其余的”时,用the others. 拓展

another也可用作代词,意为“另一个”。

I don't like this pen. Show me another.我不喜欢这支钢笔,给我再拿一支。

第2单元 内容详解

1. If a snake bites you, take a photo with your mobile phone. 万一被蛇咬到,用你的手机拍下蛇的照片!

(1)bite v. 咬,其过去式和过去分词分别为:bit,bitten / bit。 bite后面可直接跟宾语。若表示“咬某人的某个部位”,则用“bite sb. +in / on + the +身体的某部位”这一结构。介词on后常接较硬而突出的身体部位,如head, back, nose, chest,shoulder等;in后常接较软而凹的部位如face, eye,stomach等。 The dog bit the thief in the leg. 那条狗咬了小偷的腿。

Once bitten / bit, twice shy. (谚)一朝被蛇咬,十年怕井绳。 拓展

bite at向??咬去 bite off 咬掉

(2)take a photo意为“拍照,照相”,强调动作。常用在以下结构中: 1. take a photo + of... 拍??的照片 2. take a photo + with... 用??拍照 3. take a photo + for... 给??拍照

Why not take a photo of the panda? 为什么不照这只熊猫呢?

Can you take a photo for me with this camera? 你能用这台相机为我照张相吗? (3)with your mobile phone 用你的手机 介词wilh在此意为“用,以(工具或手段)”。

The little boy is writing with a pencil. 这个小男孩儿正在用一支铅笔写字。 I see with my eyes and smell with my nose. 我用眼睛看,用鼻子闻。 辨析:with与in

With 指用“工具” write with a pen 用钢笔写

In 指用“语言、材料” write in ink用墨水写(不用冠词)

2. It may save your life. 这个举动可能会挽救你的生命。 save one's life意为“挽救某人的生命”,life的复数形式是lives。另外,save还常与介词from连用。

The famous doctor saved many children's lives. 这位著名的医生救过许多孩子 They saved the old man from the fire. 他们从大火中救了那位老人。 拓展

save还有“节省;保存”之意。

If you want to save the information, press the“yes”button. 如果你想保存信息,按“Yes”按钮。

3. This is the surprising advice of a British cook. 这是一位英国厨师给出的令人惊奇的建议。 surprising adj. 令人吃惊的:惊异的 surprising常用来修饰事物,表示“使人惊讶的”;而形容词surprised则用来修饰人,意为“惊讶的”。

Did you hear of the surprising news? 你听说那条令人吃惊的消息了吗? I'm surprised to learn that he didn't come. 得知他没有来,我感到惊讶。 拓展

surprise可用作名词,意思是“惊愕;惊奇;突然或意外之事”。 What a surprise! 多么令人吃惊的事啊! to one's surprise令某人吃惊的是

To my surprise. his plan succeeded. 令我吃惊的是,他的计划(居然)成功了。

4. He picked up a dish from the table, and suddenly a snake appeared... and bit him on hand. 他从餐桌上拿起一个盘子,这时突然出现了一条蛇??并咬到了他的手。 (1)pick up拾起;捡起

短语pick up中,up为副词,当宾语是名词时,既可放在up之前.也可放在up之后,当宾语是代词时,则必须放在up之前。

Can you pick up my glasses for me? 你能替我把眼镜捡起来吗?

There's a hat on the ground. Let’s pick it up. 地上存顶帽子,我们把它捡起来吧。 拓展

pick sb. up还有“(开车)接某人;搭载”之意。 I'll pick you up at six. 我六点钟(开车)来接你。 中考链接

There is a book on the floor. You'd better ______ .

A. set it up B. give it up C. pick it up D. look it up

解析: set up建立;give up放弃;pick up捡起;look up查找。由句意“地上有一本书”可知,应用pick up“捡起”。

答案:C

(2)dish是名词,表示\盛食物的盘子或碗”;此外,它也可以表示“(一道)菜;菜肴。 Her job is to wash up dishes. 她的工作是洗盘子。 The main dish is steak.主菜是牛排。

(3)appear为不及物动词,意为“出现”。没有被动语态,其反义词为disappear。 A rainbow appeared in the sky after the rain. 雨后天空中出现了一道彩虹。

I waited for two hours, but he didn't appear. 我等了两个小时,但是他没有出现。

5. A few days earlier, the snake came to the restaurant from Asia in a box of bananas. 这条蛇是几天以前随着一箱从亚洲来的香蕉来到这家餐馆的。 a few意为“一些,几个”,修饰可数名词复数,表示肯定概念;如果要表示否定概念“很少,几乎没有”,用few。

She has a few friends. 她有几个朋友。 She has few friends. 她几乎没有朋友。 拓展

修饰不可数名词时,如果表示“有一点儿”,用a little,表示肯定概念。如果表示“很少,几乎没有”。 用little,表示否定概念。

There is a little water in the glass. 杯子里有点水。 There is little water in the glass. 杯子里几乎有水。

6. I threw it across the kitchen,and it landed in the fridge. 我把它甩了出去,它落在了位于厨房另一侧的冰箱里。 throw为动词,意为“扔掉”。

How far can you throw? 你能扔多远? 辨析:throw away与throw off

throw away 意为“扔掉,拋弃,浪费”,该短语为动副结构,可修饰名词或代词,表示彻底丢弃不用或无用的东西,也可指浪费金钱等 throw off 意为“扔掉(不用的东西)”时,可与throw away互换。但throw off还可表示匆忙脱衣服或摆脱困境。

All their efforts were thrown away. 他们的一切努力都白费了。 He threw off his coat and jumped into the river to save the boy. 他脱下衣服跳进河里去救那个男孩。

7. Anyway, Mr Jackson stayed cool and he took a photo of the snake with his mobile phone. 不管怎样,杰克逊先生保持了冷静,用手机拍下了蛇的照片。 (1)anyway adv. 意为“不管怎样;无论如何”,常用作让步状语,相当于anyhow. Anyway, you can try. 无论如何,你可以试试。

It's too late now, anyway. 无论怎样,现在已经太迟了。

(2)stay cool 保持冷静。stay在此作连系动词。cool原意是“凉爽”,cool还可以形容人或人的行为。

He is really cool. 他真酷。

stay cool 还可以说成 keep one' s cool, 反义短语为 lose one's cool。

8. Then his chest began to hurt. 接下来胸口开始疼。

hurt v. (hurt, hurt) 刺痛;伤害

Nothing hurts more than a bad tooth. 没有比牙痛更痛的了。

Tom hurt his leg when he fell off his bike. 汤姆从自行车上摔了下来,伤了腿。 注意

hurt既可指身体上受伤,也可指精神上受伤害:

My leg hurts because I hurt it while I was playing football. 我腿疼,因为我踢足球时伤着它了。

9. Doctors couldn't say what was wrong because they didn't know what kind of snake it was. 因为医生不知道咬伤他的是哪类蛇,所以他们也无所适从。 句中what was wrong是个固定句型,表示“怎么了,出了什么事”,wrong也可以换成the matter或the trouble, 后面还可以接with sb. /sth.,表示“某人 / 某物怎么了”。 What's wrong / the trouble / the matter with you? 你怎么了? I didn't know what was wrong with the watch. It couldn't work. 我不知道这块表哪儿出了毛病。不能用了。 拓展

wrong adj. 失常的;错误的

There is something wrong with the motor. 发动机出故障了。

10. When they knew the kind of snake, they could give Mr Jaekson the right medicine, and he left hospital the next day. 当他们了解到那条蛇的类型之后,就能给杰克逊先生对症下药了,杰克逊先生第二天就出院了。

medicine是不可数名词,意为“药”,have / take the medicine 意为“吃药”。 Take the medicine and you'll feel better soon. 服下这些药,你很快会感觉好多了。 注意

表示“吃药”时不能用动词eat或drink而要用take或have。

11. “… Take its photo first and then show the photo to the doctors,”suggests Mr Jackson. “??拍下蛇的照片后给医生看,”杰克逊先生建议道。 suggest表示“建议;提议”。其后接动词时要用动名词形式;若接从句,多用虚拟语气(should+动词原形)。注意,不要在其后接不定式的复合结构。

He suggested that we should leave early. 他建议我们早点出发。

He suggested taking the children to the zoo. 他提议带孩子们去动物园。

第3单元 内容详解

1. If you don’ t like the programme, turn the TV off. 如果你不喜欢这个节目,就关上电视机。 turn off 关上

Don't forget to turn off the gas after you finish cooking. 做完饭后你别忘了关掉煤气。 注意

turn off是一个动副词组,若其宾语是代词,代词须放在turn和off中间。 The radio is very boring. Please turn it off. 收音机太烦人了,请把它关掉。

2. When you’ re ready to record, press the red button. 当你准备录音时,按红色的按钮。

ready adj. 准备好了的;乐意的 (1)be ready 准备好了

Supper is ready. 晚饭准备好了。

Are you ready? 你(们)准备好了吗?

(2)be / get ready for…. = prepare for…为??做准备

They are getting ready for the exam.他们正在为考试做准备。 (3)be / get ready to do sth.准备做某事;乐意做某事 Are you getting ready to run? 你们准备好跑了吗?

Lei Feng was always ready to help others.雷锋总是乐于帮助他人。

3. The man shows the woman a phone that can save music. 这位男士向这位女士展示了一部能储存音乐的手机。

此句含有一个由关系代词that引导的定语从句, that can save music作名词 phone 的定语。定语从句修饰主句中的名词或代词,被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。定语从句中的引导词称为关系词,常见的关系词有that, who,whom,whose, when,where等。 The woman that I read about in the newspaper has just won a gold medal. 我在报上得知,那位妇女刚刚夺得一枚金牌。

The athlete whom I liked best was Carl Lewis. 我最喜欢的运动员是卡尔?刘易斯。 中考链接

The basketball ______ I bought yesterday cost me 80 yuan. A. that B. where C. who D. when

解析:由先行词the basketball是物可知,应用关系代词that或which来引导定语从句。 答案:A

4. A new way to send a postcard 寄送明信片的新途径 此处的way表示“方式,方法,途径”,其后常跟to do或of doing作定语。 Do you have a good way to work out the problem? 你有解决这个问题的好方法吗? There are a lot of ways to make friends. 交朋友的方法很多。

The best way of learning English is to go to America. 学英语的最好方法是去美国。

5. When you're on holiday, friends and family like to receive a postcard. 你在度假时,你的朋友和家人想收到一张明信片。 receive作动词,意为“收到,得到”,常指收到礼物或来信等。 He likes to receive presents. 他喜欢收到礼物。

I received a letter from my mother. 我收到了一封母亲的来信。 拓展

表示“收到某人的来信”还可以表达为:get one's letter, get a letter from sb. hear from sb.等。 I got his letter yesterday. =I got a letter from him yesterday = I heard from him yesterday. 昨天我收到了他的来信。

6. I didn't know what kind of plant it was. 我不知道它是什么种类的植物。 kind意为“种,类”。有关kind的词组有:

(1)a kind of 一种 a kind of plant 一种植物 (2)all kinds of各种各样的

There are all kinds of flowers in the garden.花园里有各种各样的花。

(3)different kinds of 不同种类的 different kinds of books 不同种类的书 (4)many kinds of 许多种 many kinds of animals 许多种动物 (5)this /that kind of 这/那种

(6)kind of = a little / bit 略微,有点儿

you room is kind of small. 你的房间有点儿小。

7. I decided to take a photo of it and look it up when 1 got home. 我决定给它照张相,回到家中的时候查一查。 (1)decide意为“决定,下决心”。常见用法有: 1. decide to do sth. 决定做某事

They decided to buy the house. 他们决定买那座房子。 The boy decided not to go to the zoo with his elder sister. 那个男孩决定不和他的姐姐去动物园了。 2. decide on / about sth. 对??做出决定/决议

Who decided about the matter? 是谁决定的那件事情? 3. decide+从句决定??

She decided that she would go swimming on Saturday. 她决定星期六去游泳。 拓展

decide的名词形式是decision,意为“决定”。make a decision(to do sth.)意为“决心(去做某事)”。

(2)look up意为“查找,查阅\。

If you don't know this word, look it up in the dictionary. 如果你不知道这个单词,在词典里查一查。 中考链接

When you don t know a word, you can ______ in the dictionary. A. look it up B. set it up C. give it up D. pick it up 解析:本题考查动词短语辨析。look up “(在词典等中)查找”;set up“建立”;give up “放弃”;pick up“拾起,捡起”。由句意“当你不认识一个单词时,你可以在词典中查找”知选A。 答案:A

Module 5 Problems 第1单元 内0容详解

1. You mean alone in front of everyone? 你的意思是独自一人在众人面前演奏? 在口语中,陈述句表示疑问的语气主要是靠语调来表示,因此这样的句子读起来应使用升调。从句子结构看,本句中省略了宾语从句中的主语和谓语部分,完整的句子应为:You mean one of you plays alone in front of everyone? 2. Rather you than me!好在没让我去!

本句是一个固定句型,用来表明不会去做别人要做的事,但并没有恶意,带有一点同情的意思。

— I'm going climbing tomorrow. 我明天去爬山。 — Rather you than me! 你去吧,我可不去!

拓展

(1)rather是副词,意为“相当,十分”时,常修饰形容词、副词的原级或比较级。 She did rather well in English. 她英语学得相当好。

Tom is rather stronger than before. 汤姆比以前强壮多了。 (2)rather与than连用,意为“而不”,表示否定,常连接相同词性的词(组)。 We shall go for a walk rather than watch TV. 我们要出去散步而不是看电视。 (3)would rather... than... 意为“宁可/宁愿......也不愿......”,后接动词原形。would rather 常缩写为’d rather。

I'd rather stay at home than go out on such a cold day. 这样冷的天气,我宁可待在家里,也不出去。

3. And if Kylie beats you, she’ll play the solo and become the star on Starsearch! 那如果凯丽击败了你,她就会表演独奏,成为“明星大搜索”的明星了! beat是动词,意为“打,击败”,过去式为beat,过去分词为beaten。beat表示在比赛中打败某人,此时其宾语只能是表示人或团队的词。

They beat us by the score of 4 to 2. 他们以4比2的比分击败了我们。 拓展

beat还表示连续击打某人或某物。另外,beat还可表示心脏的跳动。 We heard the drums beating. 我们听到鼓在敲响。 Her heart is beating fast. 她的心快速跳动。 辨析:beat, hit与strike beat 指连续地“打” hit 侧重指“击中”,有时也指“打一下” strike 常指“猛地一击”

Why did he beat you? 他为何打你?

The boy hit me on the head. 那男孩打中了我的头。 He struck me with a stick. 他用棍子打我。

4. Her parents have warned her about her Schoolwork. 她父母已警告她注意她的功课。 warn vt. 警告,告诫

(1)warn sh. about sth. 警告某人某事

They warned us about the heavy rain yesterday. 他们昨天警告我们注意这场大雨。 (2)warn sb. not to do sth. 警告某人不要做某事 We have warned them not to go skating on such thin ice. 我们已经警告他们不要在这样薄的冰上溜冰。

(3)warn sb. against(doing)sth. 警告某人不要做某事

The man warned us against swimming in the river. 那个人警告我们不要在河里游泳。 (4)warn sb. that… 警告某人??

He warned me that there were pickpockets in the crowd. 他警告我说人群中有扒手 拓展

warn sb. of danger 警告某人有危险

They warned him of danger. 他们警告他有危险。

5. If she spends too much time with the orchestra, they’ll punish her and send her to a different

school. 如果她在乐队练习时间过长的话,他们就会惩罚她,并把她送到另一所学校去。 辨析:too much与much too too much 意为“太多”,常用作定语修饰不可数名词。另外,too much还可意为“过多”,单独作主语、表语或状语等 much too 意为“太”“非常”,常用于修饰形容词或副词,以加强语气

I don't like summer because there is too much rain. 我不喜欢夏天,因为夏天雨水太多。 That's too much. 太过分了。

The weather is much too hot.天气太炎热了。 一言辨异

The students were much too tired after they finished too much homework. 做完这么多家庭作业后,学生们太疲倦了。 联想

Too many意为“太多”,修饰可数名词复数。

(2)punish v. 惩罚,处罚,常用于短语punish sb. for(doing)sth. 意为“因(做)某事而惩某人”,介词for表示被处罚的原因,如果接with或by则表示处罚的方式或手段。 He punished her for telling lies. 他因她说谎而惩罚 了她。

I'll punish her by taking away her chocolate. 我要没收她的巧克力以示惩罚。

8. And if she becomes a star, her parents will be proud of her, and they won't send her away. 那么要是她成了明星,她父母就会为她感到自豪,那么他们就不会把她送走了。 (1)be proud of意为“以??为骄傲”,同义词组为take pride in。

We are all proud of the great progress he has made. 我们都为他取得的巨大进步而自豪。 中考链接

Li Na has won the championship in France Tennis Open. All the Asians ______ her challenging spirit and excellent English. A. are proud of B. take care of C. get along with 解析:本题考查固定短语辨析。be proud of“为??感到自豪”;take care of“照顾”;get along with“和??相处”。由前半句“李娜蠃得了法国网球公开赛的冠军”可知“所有的亚洲人都为她的挑战精神和极好的英语感到自豪”。故be proud of与句意相符。 答案:A

(2)send sb. away送走某人或开除某人

Edison's teacher sent him away from school. 爱迪生的老师把他从学校里开除了。

7. But if I refuse to play,our teacher won't choose me. 但如果我拒绝演奏,我们的老师就不会选我。 Refuse v. 拒绝;不愿接受;推却

(1)refuse+名词/代词,表示“拒绝??”。

They refused our invitation. 他们拒绝了我们的邀请。 (2)refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事

He refused to help,so we had to try our best.

他拒绝绐予帮助,因此我们必须尽我们的最大努力。 (3)refuse后接双宾语

The mother doesn't refuse her daughter anything. 这位母亲不拒绝她女儿任何事。 注意

refuse后不可接动名词或宾语从句,也不能说refuse sb. to do sth.。 她拒绝让我去那里。

[误] She - refused me to go / going there. [正] She refused to let me go there.

8. You play so well. 你演奏得那么好。 辨析:so与such

这两个词都可以表示程度,意为“如此;这样”,但用法不同。 (1)so是副词,因此常用来修饰形容词或副词。

1 didn't know why she was so upset. 我不知道她为什么如此伤心。

Parents shouldn't push their kids so hard. 父母们不应该把孩子逼得这么紧。 (2)such是形容词.常用来修饰名词。

Some scientists believe that there will be such robots in the future. 一些科学家相信,将来会有这样的机器人。

He is such a boy—he is always thinking of others. 他就是这样一个男孩——他总是想着别人。 (3)在单数可数名词前,so和such的位置不同,即:“so+形容词+ a /an+单数可数名词”,“such + a/an+形容词十单数可数名词”,但这两种句型表达的意思是一致的. This is so beautiful a picture. = This is such a beautiful picture. 这是一幅如此漂亮的图画。

The teacher told so interesting a story in class yesterday.

= The teacher told such an interesting story in class yesterday. 老师昨天在课堂上讲了一个如此有趣的故事: (4)在“形容词+不可数名词或可数名词的复数”结构前只可用such,而不能用so,即 “such+形容词+不可数名词或可数名词的复数”结构。 He used to ask such strange questions after class. 他过去在课后常问一些如此奇怪的问題。 It was such terrible weather. 天气如此糟糕。

(5)但是在上述第(4)条中,如果表示“这么多”或“这么少”的概念时,其前只能用so,而不能用such。

Today teenagers are under so much pressure. 如今青少年面临如此大的压力。 She had so many children that she didn't know what to do. 她有那么多孩子以至于她不知道该怎么办才好。

There is so little rain in spring that everything is dry. 春天雨水太少,以致一切都干了。 中考链接

The old man asked the girl to take another seat ______ he could sit next to his wife. A. because B. so C. such

解析:because引导原因状语从句;so引导结果状语从句;such“如此”,一般不直接跟从句。由句意“他能坐在妻子旁边”可知是“这位老人要求这个女孩换另一个座位”的结果,故用so引导。 答案B

9. I’II have another chance one day 将来有一天我还会有机会的。 chance是名词,意为“机会”,其后常跟动词不定式或of引起的介词短语。有时也跟介词for。 I’ll have a chance of visiting Beijing.=I’ll have a chance to visit Beijing.

我将有一次游览北京的机会。

That’s a good chance for you. 对你来说那是个好机会。 拓展

By chance 意为“偶然地,意外地”、

I met Mr Wang in Shanghai by chance. 我在上海意外地遇见了王先生了。

第2单元 内容详解

1. If you tell him the truth, you’ll prove honest you are. 如果你告诉他真相,你将证明你是多么诚实。 (1)truth n. 事实;真理

You should always tell the truth. 你要自始至终说实话。

It is a truth that the earth moves round the sun. 地球围绕太阳转是真理。 拓展

in truth实际上 to tell the truth(作插入语)说实话 (2)prove v.证明.证实

The facts proved to us that he was a brave man. 事实向我们证明他是个勇士。 He proved himself(to be)a brave man. 他的表现证明了自己是个勇士。 拓展

prove (to sb. ) /pron. / that 从句(向某人)证明?? prove oneself (to be)... 表现出?? prove (to be)+ adj. /n. 证明是??

(3)honest adj.诚实的,正直的,如果前面加不定冠词,则要用an,因为单词honest 以元音音素开头。

It's very honest of you to tell the truth. 你说出了真相,真诚实。 I want to be an honest man. 我想做一个诚实的人。

To be honest, I don't know what to do. 老实说,我不知道该做什么。

2. But my father has warned me not to use his computer for playing games because he uses it for his job. 但我父亲告诫过我不要在他的电脑上玩游戏,因为他要用它来工作。 use是动词,意为“使用;利用”。 use的常见用法有:

(1)use后可接名词或代词作宾语,表示“使用/利用??”。 May I use your telephone? 我可以用一下你的电话吗?

If you don't use your English, you’ll forget it. 如果你不使用英语,你就会忘记它。 (2)“Use+宾语+不定式”结构表示“使用??去做??”。 People use coal to keep warm in winter. 冬天人们用煤来取暖。 (3)use…for(doing)sth. 表示“用??(做)某事”。 We use the house for teaching. 我们把这所房子用于教学。 温馨提示

use还可以用作名词,意为“使用;用途”,既可作可数名词,又可作不可数名词。 What is the use of talking? 高谈阔论有什么用途? This tool has many uses.这个工具有多用途。

3. We made quite sure my father didn’t notice anything. 我们完全确信爸爸不会注意到任何痕迹。

本句是一个含有宾语从句的复合句。make sure/certain意为“确保.确定”,其用法如下 (1)可以单独使用,也可以和of连用。

You’d better make sure of the time and place before you write. 你最好把时间和地点确定了,然后再写。

(2)与不定式连用,其否定形式有两种: do not make sure / certain to do和make sure / certain not to do。

He didn't make sure to write to her. 他没有确定要给她写信。 (3)与that从句连用,从句中可省略that。

Can you make sure(that)you will succeed? 你能确信你会成功吗? 拓展

make sure of sth. 核实或查明某物 make sure that... 确保?? be sure of sth. 对某事有把握

be sure to do sth. 务必做某事;一定做某事 be sure that... 确定??

4. Should I offer to pay? 我应该主动付钱修电脑吗? offer是动词,意为“提供,提出,提议”。 Offer + sth.提供某物

Offer + to do sth. 主动提出做某事

Offer+ sb. sth.=sth. to sb. 绐某人提供某物 He offered advice. 他提供建议。

My parents offered to take me to the museum. 我父母主动提出带我去博物馆 Jack offered to help me with my English. 杰克主动提出帮我学英语。 He offered us some useful advice. 他向我们提供了一些有益的建议。

5. If you tell him the truth, he’ll be angry with you, but at least you'll prove how honest you are. 如果你告诉他实情,他会很生你的气,但至少你证明了自己是诚实的。

本句是一个并列复合句。but连接的两个分句前后是转折关系。句首的if引导了一个条件状语从句;but后的句子中又包含了一个由连接副词how引导的宾语从句,作prove的宾语。 I don't know what his name is. 我不知道他的名字是什么。 (1)be angry with sb. 表示“因某人而生气”;be angry about sth. 则表示“因某事而生气”。 Please don't be angry with me. 请别冲着我发脾气。

The passengers grew angry about the delay. 延误使乘客气愤起来。 (2)at least表示“至少;起码;不管怎么说”。

My English teacher must be at least 40. 我的英语老师至少应该有40岁了。 拓展

at the(very)least也表示“至少”,专用于数量之后。 It'll take a year, at the very least. 这至少需要一年的时间。

6. But yon shouldn' t use your pocket money —— after all, your parents gave you that money. 但你不应该用你的零用钱——毕竟那是你父母给你的钱。

after all意为“毕竟”,在句中提示或强调可能被忽略的事实,表示一种让步语气。 They are certain to come. After all, they've accepted the invitation. 他们肯定会来。毕竟他们已接受了邀请。 Let him go there alone—after all, he's not a child.

让他自己去那儿吧——毕竞他已不是一个孩子了。 拓展

after all还可意为“终究;到底”,通常位于句末.表示转折语气。 I was very tired, but got home after all .我很累,但终究还是到家了。

7. If you offer to do some jobs around the home, or maybe help him with his work, he’ll realise that you're truly sorry. 如果你主动要求在家里做点儿事情,或是帮助爸爸工作,他就会意识到你确实感到很内疚。

(1) help sb. with sth.表示“在某方面帮助某人”,常与help sb. (to)do sth.互换。 He often helps his mother with the housework. = He often helps his mother (to)do the housework.他经常帮助他的母亲做家务。 温馨提示

help with意为“帮忙,帮助”。

I often help with the housework at home. 我在家经常帮忙做家务活。 (2)realise v. 认识到,了解,明白,意识到

I realised 1 had made mistakes. 我意识到我犯错误了。

第3单元 内容详解

1. hurry up! We’ll be late! 快点! 我们要迟到了! Hurry up! 意为“赶快,急忙(做某事)”,相当于Come on! 或Be quick ! 多单独使用,用来摧促对方快点做某事。作“催促”讲,宾语是代词时,要放在hurry和up之间。 Hurry up, or you'll be late for school. 快点,要不你上学就要迟到了。 We tried to hurry her up .我们试图催促她快点儿。 注意

hurry up常用于肯定句中或单独使用。 拓展

hurry的其他用法:

(1)hurry to do sth. 匆忙去做某事

He hurried to go to school without breakfast. 他没吃早饭就匆忙去上学了 (2)in a hurry 匆忙地

He went to school in a hurry. 他匆忙去上学。

2. She saved up a lot of money to buy them.. .她攒了很多钱才买到它们?? Save up 表示“攒钱”。

I have been saving up to buy a large house. 我一直在攒钱想买一套大房子。

3. And on my way home, I fell, and one of the shots is broken now. 在回家的路上,我摔倒了,现在其中一只鞋坏了。 (1)on one's way (to)... 在某人去??的路上

On my way home, I met an old friend. 在回家的路上,我遇见了一位老朋友。 She took some photos of the tall buildings on her way to the station. 在去车站的路上,她拍了一些髙楼的照片。 温馨提示

home在此用作副词,所以前面不加介词to。 (2)one of意为“其中一(个,位??)”。 He is one of my friends. 他是我的一个朋友。 注意

“one of + the/one’s+名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 One of his hobbies is collecting stamps. 他的爱好之一是集邮。 “one of+形容词最高级+名词复数”意为“最??之一”。

Tom is one of the tallest boys in our class. 汤姆是我们班最高的男孩之一。

4. Mmm, that does sound serious. 嗯,那听起来确实很严重。 (1)助动词does在这里加强句子的语气。 Do be careful! 一定要当心!

I do like English.我确实喜欢英语。

(2)sound作连系动词,意为“听起来”,后面常接形容词作表语。 The idea to eat in the restaurant sounds wonderful. 去餐馆吃饭的主意听起来太棒了。 拓展

常见的连系动词有:一个“是”(be),一个“感觉”(feel), —个“保持”(keep) 四个“??起来”(taste,smell,look, sound),—个“似乎,好像”(seem),三个“变 了(become, get, turn)。 中考链接

This sentence ______ right. Please write it down. A. feels B. sounds C. tastes D. smells

解析:本题考查连系动词的用法。feel“摸起来\;sound“听起来”;taste“尝起来”;smell“闻起来”,因为主语是this sentence, 只能与sound“听起来”搭配。 答案:B

5. My uncle has offered to help me train, but how can I get my parents to agree 我叔叔己经主动提出帮我训练,但我怎样让我的父母同意呢?

(1)get sb. to do sih. 意为“让某人做某事”, get在此为使役动词。 They got us to stay for another two days. 他们让我们再多待两天。 The teacher gets the students to finish their homework on time. 老师让学生们按时完成家庭作业。 温馨提示

使役动词复合结构中的动词不定式有的带to,有的不带to。 make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 let sb. do sth.让某人做某事 have sb. do sth.让某人做某事

(2)agree作不及物动词,意为“同意”。

I know what you think I should do, but I’ m afraid I don't agree.

我知道你想让我做什么,但恐怕我不能同意。 辨析:agree on,agree to与agree with

agree on 指双方或多方协商后“在某方面取得一致意见”,主语必须指协调的双方或多方 agree to 意为“同意(做)某事”,不可说agree sb. to do sth.。agree to(sth.)表示愿意接受某事或允许某事发生,重在“接受”“答应” agree with 指“同意、赞成某人(的意见)”,重在“赞同”。 一言辨异

Tom asked me if my wife agreed to spend the holiday in the north. I said that she agreed to my idea, so we agreed on a date for it, and my wife agreed with what we did.

汤姆问我我太太是否同意去北方度假,我说她同意我的想法,因此我们就定了个日子,我太太对我们的做法表示赞同。

6. Last week, I was doing my homework at the library instead of tidying up the shelves. 上周,我在图书馆做作业,而没有整理书架。 (1) instead of意为“代替,而不是”。该短语为介词短语,后接名词、代词或动名词。 We went swimming instead of playing football. 我们去游泳了,而没有去踢足球。 拓展

instead是副词,意为“相反,代替”,一般放在句末。

I don’t want to go there. Lucy will go instead. 我不想去那里,露西将代替我去 (2)shelf作名词,架子,搁板。其复数形式为shelves。 There are a lot of books on the shelves. 架子上有许多书。

7. I saw someone from my school come into the library and steal a book. 我看到我校的一个人进入图书馆偷走了一本书。 Steal作动词,意为“偷”。其过去式和过去分词分别为stole, stolen。

Someone stole his money when he was away. 有人趁他不在时,偷了他的钱。 拓展

1. steal sb. sth. (= steal sth. for sb.)为某人偷东西 2. steal sth. from... 从??偷东西

She stole Peter a hen. ( = She stole a hen for Peter.) 她偷了一只母鸡给彼得。 What did the thieves steal from the shop? 小偷从这家商店偷了什么?

8. I want to refuse because I think it's dishonest, but I don't want Peter to get into trouble with his parents. 我想拒绝,因为我认为那不诚实,但我不想让彼得陷入被他父母责怪的困境。 Get into trouble意为“遇到麻烦,出事,陷入困境”,其后可以接介词with引导的短语. 表示“同某人产生矛盾”

The boy got into trouble when he left to live in London. 那个男孩离开家前往伦敦居住时遇到了麻烦。

He is always getting into trouble with the police. 他经常和警察产生冲突。 拓展

(1)trouble作为名词使用时,其意思和用法有很多。有时可理解为“麻烦,烦恼,问题,纠纷,病痛”等。此时为不可数名词;另外,有时也可理解为“烦恼的事,烦心事,给人造成麻烦的人”,此时为可数名词。

Never trouble trouble until trouble troubles you. 麻烦没来找你,你别自找麻烦。

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