2018年中考英语阅读写作复习专题指导

考前必背

书面表达

第1篇（2017 西宁15分）

讲文明，懂礼貌 今年是西宁市创建全国文明城市的攻坚之年，我市中小学正在开展以“提升文明素养，做文明礼仪的倡导者”为主题的英语作文比赛。请写一篇80词左右的短文（文中不得出现真实校名和姓名；首句已给出，不计入总词数）。要求包括以下要点；

1. 说话有礼貌； 2. 不横穿马路； 3. 不乱扔垃圾； 4. 不采摘花草; 5. 不在公共场所大声喧哗。

Be A Student With Good Manners

Nowadays we are trying our best to make Xining become a civilized city. As students, we must know what we should do and what we shouldn’t do. 【写作点拨】本篇习作以西宁市中小学生开展“提升文明素养，做文明礼仪的倡导者”英语作文比赛引出话题，围绕“做一个讲文明懂礼貌的学生”这一主题展开，根据要点提示明确写作内容：1. 说话有礼貌、不横穿马路、不乱扔垃圾、不采摘花草、不在公共场所大声喧哗；2. 根据已给出的开头可知文章以第一人称为主，时态用一般现在时，注意情态动词和祈使句的正确使用；3. 字数为80词左右，首句已给出且不计入总词数。 【高分范文】

Be A Student With Good Manners

Nowadays we are trying our best to make Xining become a civilized city. As students, we must know what we should do and what we shouldn’t do.

I think we should take an active part in this activity. First, we are supposed to speak politely. We can say “Thank you.”, “Excuse me, …?”, or “Could you please…?” as often as possible. Then, we should cross the road when the traffic light is green. Third, please don’t step on the grass or pick flowers. Do remember no matter where we go, be sure not to throw litter everywhere. What’s more, we shouldn’t speak loudly in public.

It’s our duty to do what we can to make our city more beautiful. I believe if everyone makes

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an effort, Xining will be one of the most beautiful cities in our country.

（推荐陕西、云南、内蒙、吉林地区使用）

第2篇（2017 遵义20分）

鼓励我的人 我们都知道美国登山运动员Aron Ralston, 他的故事令人感动，激动人心。在我们身边，一定也有那么一些人和事，他们或许平凡，或许渺小，但却总能鼓舞我们，催人奋进。

请以“The Person Encouraging Me”为题，写一篇80词左右的短文。 基本情况 品质特征 具体事例 对你的影响 年龄、职业、外貌…… 勇敢、善良、勤奋……（任选其一） …… …… 要求：1. 任选一项品质特征，并用具体事例加以阐述。 2. 文中不能出现真实的姓名、校名和地名。

【写作点拨】细读所给文字提示可知本文用具体事例讲述鼓舞我的那个人，因此是一篇写人叙事类记叙文；文章主要介绍的是那个人在很多方面鼓舞“我”，人称应以第三人称为主，时态以一般现在时为主。 【高分范文】

The Person Encouraging Me

My friend Daniel encourages me a lot in many ways. Now let me tell you something

about him.

He comes from America. Now he and I are in the same school in China. He has a round

face and often wears a pair of glasses. He has many good personalities. He is helpful. He often helps his classmates with the homework, and he also helps the old people cross the road. He is kind to others. He works at the Helping Hands Club. He is willing to help the people in need. He is also creative and organized. For example, he can create a TV programme and organize the class

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activities. He likes to share his things with others. And Daniel encourages me a lot. He encourages me to be kind and helpful.

（推荐陕西、云南、辽宁地区使用）

考前必练

完形填空

Cloze 1（2017呼和浩特10分） 克服自身缺陷、充满自信 Judy was a disabled(残疾的) girl. She had no arms when she was born. So she had to do many things with her feet. There were many questions about 1 she could live a normal life. However, her father had full confidence in 2 . With the support of her parents and family, she became confident in herself and continued to explore across the world, with her 3 . As a child, Judy studied 4 in her home town. When the first performance arrived, she asked herself to be put in the 5 row. Her dance teacher told her there was no back row. Nervously, she appeared on the stage with the other students and performed 6 . When she finished, the applause(喝彩) from the audience gave her encouragement and the confidence to 7 dancing for 14 years. After graduating from high school, she attended the University of Arizona, where she got a bachelor’s degree in Psychology(心理学). When 8 her degree, she explains that the way people think has a greater influence on her life than a physical limitation .Judy’s most famous accomplishment(成就) was learning how to 9 . She received the Guinness World Record 10 being the first person permitted to fly an airplane with only her feet. Now Judy works as a lecturer. She travels the world sharing her story and encouraging people to be creative and confident. She often says. “Think outside the shoes.” 1. A. what B. whether C. that D. why 2. A. them B. us C. him D. her 3. A. feet B. arms C. legs D. mouth 4. A. guitar B. song C. art D. dance 5. A. front B. back C. middle D. right 6. A. terribly B. simply C. well D. badly 7. A. stop B. continue C. start D. teach

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8. A. talking about B. talking with C. talking to D. talking back 9. A. drive B. act C. ride D. fly 10. A. for B. to C. in D. with

【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了天生就失去双臂的女孩Judy在父母和家人的鼓励与支持下，充满自信，用她的双脚继续探索世界，并获得吉尼斯世界纪录的励志故事。故事启迪我们：不要受自身条件的限制，要勇于创新尝试，要有自信。 【答案】1-5 BDADB 6-10 CBADA

（推荐陕西、辽宁地区使用）

Cloze 2（2017山西10分）

绿色骑行中国 Maxime and Lise are a young French couple. They are ready to travel across China from Beijing to Yunnan Province on a tandem bicycle (双人自行车). They have two main purposes and one of them is that they want to encourage green 1 through it.

Maxime, 26, works helping farmers raise their cows， 2 his wife Lise, 26， is a teacher. The two also like sharing their travel stories on Facebook.

“We choose a tandem bicycle because it makes it 3 to communicate with each other about interesting people and things we come across during the journey. 4 , bicycling is healthier. And it’s a cheaper and more environment-friendly way of traveling than 5 cars, motors and so on,” the couple said.

As for the other 6 of their journey, the two said they wanted to get people’s good ideas on topics such as health, economy (经济) and politics. When they were asked 7 they chose to visit China, they said it was because they often talked about its long history and beauty and how much of the country is competitive (有竞争力的)in the world.

“We know China is a country with a large population and will be the 8 of the economy around the world in the future. We want to get a better understanding of the country and its people. We 9 the country,” they said.

The couple will be on their journey to China soon. We hope they can make more people further 10 China by sharing what they see and hear on the way. Meanwhile, we hope they

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enjoy their travel in China.

1. A. food B. farming C. travel 2. A. while B. though C. because 3. A. busier B. easier C. earlier 4. A. Besides B. Instead C. However 5. A. buying B. using C. making 6. A. order B. result C. purpose 7. A. how B. why C. when 8. A. leader B. player C. learner 9. A. need B. miss C. love 10. A. dream about B. hear about

C. know about

【主旨大意】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。讲述了一对年轻的法国夫妇计划骑双人自行车从北京到云南。一方面他们想通过这种方式来鼓励人们绿色出行，另一方面他们想得知人们对健康、经济和政治等话题的观点看法。作者期望通过他们的分享，能让更多的人了解中国。 【答案】1-5 CABAB 6-10 CBACC

（推荐陕西、云南、辽宁、内蒙地区使用）

阅读理解

Passage 1（2017西宁10分） 相处之道——相互理解 When I was small, my mom used to give the family a funny special treat from time to time—she would make breakfast food for dinner.

I remember she did so one night. She had been at work all day but wanted to do something special for us all. On that evening, my mom put a plate of eggs and very burnt toast（面包）in front of my dad. I waited to see if anyone noticed. But my dad just took his toast, smiled at my mom and asked me how my day at school had been. I don’t remember what I told him that night. But I remember watching him put butter on that toast. He ate it up as usual.

After dinner, I remember hearing my mom apologize to my dad for burning the toast. I’ll never forget what he said:“Honey, I love burnt toast.” Later that night, I went to kiss daddy good

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night. I asked him if he really liked his toast burnt. He wrapped（紧抱）me in his arms and said: “Your mommy worked very hard today. She’s really tired. And a bit of burnt toast never hurt anyone!”

Life is full of imperfect things. Nobody is perfect, either. I’m not the best at anything. I forget birthdays and other important events just like everyone else does. But I’ve learned something important from my father. Understanding is the basis of everything, whether between a husband and wife, a parent and child or just between two friends. Remember, burnt toast never hurt anyone. It’s the people with the kind thoughts who make life worth living. 1. The writer’s father during the dinner.

A. didn’t take the burnt toast B. ate up all the burnt toast C. threw away the burnt toast D. didn’t notice the burnt toast 2. What does the underlined word “apologize” mean? A. 辨白 B. 谢罪 C. 道歉 D. 辩护

3. From what the father said to his son, we know the father . A. could understand his wife B. always argued with his wife C. was a good cook D. worked hard every day

4. What has the writer learned from his father? A. The father liked to eat burnt toast.

B. The mother was not a good mother and was a little funny. C. Understanding is the basic point of everything. D. Life is not perfect, but the father is perfect. 5. What is the best title of the passage? A. Life is imperfect B. The father and the son C. A big dinner

D. Burnt toast never hurt anyone

【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。妈妈辛苦工作了一天，晚上给家人做鸡蛋和面包，但是却把面包烤焦了，爸爸并没有在意，而是向往常一样把烤焦的面包吃光了。儿子目睹了一切，

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询问爸爸为什么这样做，爸爸告诉他：妈妈很辛苦，要理解她，吃掉烤焦的面包又不会伤害到任何人。故事告诉我们：人与人在相处的时候要相互理解、宽容，这样才能享受生活。 【答案】1-5 BCACD

（推荐陕西、云南、吉林地区使用）

Passage 2（2017乌鲁木齐10分）

《摔跤吧，爸爸！》 “Let’s go wrestling, Dad!” 《摔跤吧，爸爸！》is one of the Top 10 movies recently. It tells a true story about an Indian man and his two daughters. His name’s Mahavir. In real life, he is called “the father of Indian women wrestling” because thousands of girls across India have been supported to take up wrestling with his efforts.

A very famous Indian actor—Aamir Khan, played the role of Mahavir in the movie. It was an unusual experience for him. Aamir Khan was very serious about his character and he tried to make this character close to the true story. In order to act well, he needed to put on weight to be very fat and then did sports to be very strong in a short time.

Aamir Khan started to eat a lot every day before making the movie. He ate at least 5 meals a day including much junk food. He became too fat to run quickly.

It is simple to be fat but difficult to be strong. Aamir Khan invited many coaches to train him to lose weight and it took him a few months to be strong. He must eat less food and drink more water. Strength training is also important. This kind of physical training is very boring. He had to lift different weights and did it over and over again. Aamir Khan set a goal to himself day by day and the minute he made it, he fell down on the ground and could hardly stand up. In the end, he became the exact person the movie needed.

The role he played was very moving and he succeeded at last. As he says, the most important thing in life is not whether you can reach your goal but whether you have made the greatest efforts.

1. From the passage, what is Aamir Khan’s job?

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A. A teacher. B. An actor. C. A director. D. A coach. 2. Why is Mahavir called “the father of Indian women wrestling”? A. Because he is a very famous Indian player.

B. Because he played a role in the movie “Let’s go wrestling, Dad!”. C. Because he supported many Indian women to take up wrestling. D. Because he became strong in a short time.

3. What does the underlined word “strength” mean in Chinese? A. 力量 B. 目标 C. 疲劳 D. 节食 4. What is the correct order of the following things about Aamir Khan?

① He changed his eating habits and did sports to become strong. ② He was serious about the character and he needed to make great efforts. ③ To be fat, he ate lots of food. ④ Finally, he succeeded.

A. ③②①④ B. ②③④① C. ②①④③ D. ②③①④ 5. Which of the following is NOT true about Aamir Khan from the passage? A. “Let’s go wrestling, Dad!” is a true story about Amir Khan himself. B. He became very fat at first and then lose weight in a very short time. C. In order to act well, he trained so hard. D. He tried to play a perfect role in the movie.

【热点解读】《摔跤吧!爸爸》是由尼特什·提瓦瑞执导、阿米尔·汗领衔主演的印度传记片。电影讲述了印度冠军摔跤手马哈维亚·辛格·珀尕将两个女儿训练成摔跤世界冠军，打破印度传统的励志故事。

【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述电影《摔跤吧!爸爸》的主演阿米尔·汗为了契合角色，先是增肥，接着在短时间内疯狂健身、减肥，并变得非常强壮，最终他饰演的角色非常感人，因而取得了很大的成功。文章告诉我们：生活中最重要的事情不是你能否到达目标，而是你是否付出了最大的努力。 【答案】1-5 BCADA

（推荐陕西、云南、辽宁、内蒙、吉林地区使用）

表格型阅读

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Passage 1（2017山西 10分）

自我反省 Do you ever feel like you are just rushing from one subject to another? When things happen so fast, maybe you can’t understand clearly what you are doing or learning, so it is important to stop yourself to think about what you have been doing or learning.

Self-reflection (反省) means slowing down and calming (使平静) yourself, including calming your mind. By calming down and going slowly, you give your brain a chance to think about what it has already received. Some people prefer to do self-reflection only in their mind. Others keep a diary. What’s more, taking notes is also OK. Each method works, depending on your own personal learning. You can follow the steps to do self-reflection.

First, choose the proper time to do it. School textbooks are divided into units of study. This makes it easier to begin self-reflection. Look for time when you complete a unit of study. Sometimes you know the unit is over because there is some kind of test. Use these natural breaks to stop and do self-reflection.

Then, find a quiet place and take out your reflection diary. Write down some notes on the new things that you learned in the unit. Let your mind think about the notes you have written and make some connections.

Finally, think about things that you are not sure of. Maybe you learned a new way to work out a math problem, but you’re not sure when to use it. Writing down your questions will help you remember to look for answers the next time you are working with the same topic.

Successful students always know self-reflection is important. If you have never taken the time to do self-reflection, try it now.

Self-reflection Makes You a Better Learner Introduction ●It means slowing down and making yourself calm. ●You can think about what you have learned by calming down and going 1. . ●You can do it only in your mind, and you can also keep a diary or 2. notes to do it. How to do it ●It’s a proper time to start it 3. a unit is over. 9

●Write down and think about what you have learned in the unit and make some connections. ●Write down your questions about something you’re not sure of. It’s 4. to work with the same topic the next time. Conclusion Successful students always know the 5. of self-reflection. Try it now! 【主旨大意】本文是一篇议论文。论述了自我反省的重要性。生活节奏太快的时候，我们有必要停下来，让自己反省一下。不同的人选择反省的方式不同。首先选择反省的时间很重要，一个单元结束的时候反省比较合适。其次记下来在这一单元你学到的新东西。最后，写下来你不确定的问题，对你下次解决相同的问题很有帮助。 【答案】1. slowly 2. take 3. when 4. helpful 5. importance

（推荐辽宁、内蒙、吉林地区使用）

Passage 2（2017贵阳10分）

丝绸之路 The Silk Road is the name of different roads that long ago linked Europe, Africa and Asia. People reached these different places along these roads. Scientists and archaeologists believe people began to travel the Silk Road about 3,000 years ago. By the time the Chinese silk trade became important in the world, the Silk Road had covered almost 6,500 kilometers. It stretched from Rome to China, which is from the West to the Far East.

Merchants (商人) travelling along the Silk Road carried silk, of course. They also carried and traded spices, cloth, rare jewels, slaves and gold.

During its busiest period, the Silk Road allowed people from many different cultures and countries to meet each other and mix. The Silk Road allowed the sharing of precious goods and new ideas. These included people and trading goods from the Mediterranean, Persian, Magyar, Armenian, Bactrian, Indian and Chinese areas. All these peoples travelled the Silk Road, and they shared goods, stories, languages and cultures.

In modern times, the old Silk Road routes are still used, but now they are crossed by trains instead of camels and horses. There is even a Silk Route Museum in Jiuquan in China. It has over 35,000 objects from all along the Silk Road. In this way, China protects the history of many

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