2014.12四级预测试卷(第一套)试题及答案解析

四级预测试卷（第一套）试题及答案解析

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四级预测试卷（第一套）

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture

below. You should start your essay with a brief account of parents’ trying to meet all the demands from their children and then explain the harm by doing so. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

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Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each

四级预测试卷（第一套）试题及答案解析

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conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

1. A) It’s tedious. B) It’s absurd.

2. A) Jazz.

3. A) She was afraid of the professor.

B) She lost her key and couldn’t enter her house. C) She didn’t make full preparations for her lessons. D) She was blamed by the professor for her carelessness.

4. A) She is a little tired.

5. A) Not to wait for him.

6. A) Two.

7. A) He is a rather tedious person. B) He has just left the hospital.

8. A) The train is late. B) The train is empty.

Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 9. A) Get a traveler’s check.

B) Draw a large amount of money.

10. A) Daily expenses. C) Holidays and travel expenses. B) Big expenses.

D) Education fee.

C) Ask the man for financial advice. D) Open some bank accounts.

C) The train is crowded.

D) The train is on time.

C) He doesn’t have a healthy diet. D) He is a better cook than the woman.

B) Four. C) Eight. D) Twelve.

C) To get her report back. D) Not to fetch the raincoat.

B) To clean up her room.

C) She wants to listen to the music. D) She is going to make a reservation.

B) She is going to study in the library.

C) Classical music. D) Country music.

B) Rock and roll.

C) It’s justifiable. D) It’s understandable.

四级预测试卷（第一套）试题及答案解析

11. A) Her ID card and passport. B) Her personal references.

12. A) A salesman. C) A bank clerk. B) A real estate agent.

Questions 13 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 13. A) A recording artist. B) A French teacher.

14. A) It needs more French lesson tapes. B) It needs to have its controls repaired. C) It is different from all the other laboratories. D) It can be operated rather easily.

15. A) Change her class schedule.

C) Organise tapes on the shelves. D) Work on the French lessons.

B) Fill out a job application form.

C) A student.

D) A teaching assistant. D) A consultant.

C) Her social security number. D) Her cover letter.

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Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions.

Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Passage One

Questions 16 to 19 are based on the passage you have just heard. 16. A) She had run a long way.

B) She felt hot in the subway.

17. A) By lifting her to the platform.

B) By helping her rise to her feet.

18. A) When the train was leaving.

B) After she was back on the platform. C) After the police and fire officials came.

D) When a man was cleaning the blood from her head.

C) By pulling her along the ground. D) By dragging her away from the edge.

C) She had done a lot of work.

D) She had donated blood the night before.

四级预测试卷（第一套）试题及答案解析

19. A) They would miss their train.

C) She was sure Lisa was hard to lift. D) She was afraid the train would kill him.

B) He didn’t see the train coming.

Passage Two

Questions 20 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard. 20. A) In Suva.

B) In Sydney.

21. A) Its comfortable hotels.

22. A) They invented “Fiji time” for visitors.

B) They stick to a traditional way of life. C) They like to travel from place to place. D) They love taking adventures abroad.

Passage Three

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard. 23. A) Staying on the farm.

24. A) He is very old now.

B) He is in good health.

25. A) Describe his life in the countryside.

B) Persuade people to live in the city.

C) Show an interest in the outside world. D) Express his opinions about way of life.

C) He lives in the city now. D) He prefers driving a car.

C) Moving to the countryside. D) Running away from the school.

C) Its exciting football matches. D) Its religious beliefs.

B) Its good weather all year round.

C) On the island of Vatoa. D) On the island of Viti Levu.

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B) Leaving home for the city.

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you

should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.

Thirty years ago, anyone blaming loneliness for physical illness would have been laughed at. But as scientists

四级预测试卷（第一套）试题及答案解析

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studied different populations, loneliness kept emerging as a risk factor. In one study, California researchers 26. ________ 4, 700 residents of Alameda County for ten years, starting in 1965. At first, the participants reported their key sources of companionship and estimated the time they 27. ________ each other. During the study, the people who reported the least social 28. ________ died at nearly three times the rate of those reporting the most. The source of companionship didn’t matter, but time spent with others was 29. ________. Since then, researchers have studied men, women, soldiers, and students from countries all over the world. And the same pattern keeps 30. ________. Women who say they feel isolated go on to die of cancer at several times the 31. ________ rate. College students who report “strained and cold” relationships with their parents suffer 32. ________ rates of hypertension (高血压) and heart disease decades later. Heart-attack survivors who happen to live by themselves die at twice the rate of those who live with others. For those of us who are still healthy, the lesson should be obvious. It’s clear that 33. ________ others can help our bodies thrive. It’s equally clear that we’re growing more isolated. In 1900, only 5% of US households 34. ________ one person living alone. The 35. ________ reached 13% in 1960, and it stands at 25% today.

Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank

from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the

corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.

Managers need to find ways to give their employees a lift to improve their morale (士气). That’s where team-building exercises and other spiritual encouragement can come into 36 . The theory is that a trust-building game, a wilderness adventure, a cooking class or even full-contact chocolate bingo (宾果游戏) — yes, it exists — will help 37 teamwork, bring cheer and thus encourage everyone to work harder and better together.

Yes, promoting teamwork is 38 . Getting everyone together for a shared activity can improve team spirit. But, too often, formal team-building programs 39 only minor, short-lived improvements in encouragement or performance.

Still, employers do need to support teamwork, 40 in bad climate. The 41 news is that what works is often fairly simple and inexpensive. The key to improving morale, several experts said, is understanding what 42 to your workers.

Curbing executive perks (津贴) and salaries can also go a long way toward building morale, according to Professor Kets de Vries. It is 43 unlikely that workers of car factories got much of a lift watching their industry’s top executives take private jets to Washington in November to ask for financial aid. “If you get paid 500 times what the 44 worker is paid, that is ridiculous,” Professor Kets de Vries said. “Don’t be 45 . Great organizations are team-based.”

四级预测试卷（第一套）试题及答案解析

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项研究发现家或单位附近有很多外卖餐馆的人更容易吃油炸食品，因此就更容易肥胖。[59] 其他研究显示食物沙漠——不方便买到新鲜食物的地方——也会流行肥胖。

“该研究为综合遗传风险评分和肥胖环境之间的相互作用提供了有效证据，”帝国理工学院的两位教授亚历山德拉·布莱克莫尔和杰茜卡·巴克斯顿博士在一篇相关的社论中写道。[60] 但是他们并不期望这能起什么作用。这些结果“不可能影响公众的健康建议，”他们写道，“因为不管怎样我们大多数人都应该减少油炸食品的摄入。”

答案解析 56.【定位】根据题干中的“some people are dealt a genetically more difficult hand when it comes to obesity”将本题出处定位于首段首句。 【解析】B)。首段首句前半句指出，我们都知道，在肥胖问题上，一些人由于基因问题处理起来更麻烦，后半句一个as引出这么说的原因——因为有研究表明基因会影响我们代谢高脂高糖食物的能力。由此可以看出作者说“some people are dealt a genetically more difficult hand when it comes to obesity”这句话是因为基因对肥胖也有影响，故正确答案为B)。文中并没有说有些人的基因决定其喜欢高脂饮食，故A)错误。首段首句说基因会影响我们代谢高脂高糖食物的方式，并不是说基因会影响消化系统，故C)错误。文中并没有提到一些人会觉得变胖很困难，故D)错误。

57.【定位】根据题干中study published in the journal BMJ将本题出处定位于第2段第2句。

【解析】D)。第2段第2句指出，《英国医学杂志》上最新发表的一项研究发现吃油炸食品会和与肥胖有关的基因相互作用，使一个人肥胖的风险翻倍。由此可见，该研究主要是关于吃油炸食品和一个人的肥胖的遗传风险之间的关系。故正确答案为D)。第3段第2句指出，研究人员还根据与体重指数和肥胖有关的32种不同的基因变体对这些参与者进行了基因风险评估。但并没有说这32种不同的基因变体是该研究发现的，故A)错误。第3段第3、4句说明了研究结果，还提到了基因分数最低的参与者（people the lowest genetic scores），这说明研究的参与者不都是肥胖的遗传风险高的人，故B)错误。第3段第3、4句的研究结果表明，肥胖的遗传风险越高、每周吃油炸食品次数越多的人体重指数越高。并不是说肥胖的遗传风险越高的人吃油炸食品越多，故C)错误。

58.【解析】A)。第3段第3、4句的研究结果表明，肥胖的遗传风险越高、每周吃油炸食品次数越多的人体重指数越高。肥胖基因风险最高的人如果每周吃四次以上油炸食品会对身体产生双倍的影响。也就是说，跟其他人比起来，肥胖基因风险最高的人吃油炸食品的害处会更大，故答案为A)。第4段首句说，即便是没有肥胖基因的预先影响，也不能保证对肥胖免疫，就是说这样的人吃油炸食品也会变胖，故B)错误。从第2段第2句可知，《英国医学杂志》上发表的研究主要是关于吃油炸食品和一个人的肥胖的遗传风险之间的关系，并不是研究人们多久会吃一次油炸食品，故C)错误。D)是根据第4段末句中的food deserts设置的干扰，该句中的food deserts是指不方便买到新鲜食物的地方，是比喻的说法，并不是真的沙漠地区，故D)错误。

59.【解析】B)。第3段第3、4句的研究结果指出，肥胖的遗传风险越高、每周吃油炸食品次数越多的人体重指数越高，因此A)“缺乏油炸食品”不是导致肥胖的因素，可以排除，正确答案为B)“肥胖遗传风险”。第4段末句指出，其他研究显示食物沙漠——不方便买到新鲜食物的地方——也会流行肥胖。反之容易购买到新鲜食物的地方肥胖应该不那么流行，故C)也不是导致肥胖的因素。D)“体重指数”与肥胖因素无关，可排除。

60.【定位】根据题干中Alexandra Blakemore and Dr. Jessica Buxton将本题出处定位于末段第2句。

四级预测试卷（第一套）试题及答案解析

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【解析】C)。末段第3句中的they即指上一句中的Alexandra Blakemore and Dr. Jessica Buxton，

This knowledge和the results与题干中的the studies’ findings相对应。该句指出，他们并不期望研究的结果能起什么作用。这些结果“不可能影响公众的健康建议”，故正确答案为C)。文中并没有提到两位教授认为研究的结果是荒谬的、主观的或是重大突破的，可排除其他三个选项。

Passage Two 【文章导读】本文节选自2014年3月10日TIME（《时代周刊》）网站上的一篇标题为Elephants Can Distinguish Between Human Languages and Voices（《大象能分辨出人类的语言和声音》）的文章。本文主要是介绍一项研究发现野生大象能够区分出人类的语言，并指出这是野生大象独有的一项高级的能力。它们能够根据性别、对它们的有无威胁来区分人类的声音。 全文翻译 一项最新的研究表明野生大象能够区分出人类的语言，而且它们还能分辨一个声音是出自男性、女性还是男孩。研究人员是在给肯尼亚的大象播放人类的录音时发现这一点的。[61] 科学家称这是其他动物还没有显示出来的一种先进的思维能力。[65] 这使大象能够搞清楚谁对它们有危险，谁没有。

结果显示在人类研究大象的时候，聪明的大象也在研究人类，并利用了它们著名的记忆力，[63] 该研究报告的作者卡伦·麦库姆说。

“总的来说，它们对一起居住的人类形成了这种丰富的认知”，英国苏塞克斯大学动物行为与认知教授麦库姆说，“记忆力是关键。它们必须以某种方式形成这种认知。”

美国国家科学院院刊周一公布了该报告。

[62] 这一研究结果和苏塞克斯博士书中提到的情况很接近但不完全一样，他书中那头善 解人意的名叫霍尔顿的大象能听到其他大象听不到的声音。

麦库姆和同事们去了肯尼亚的安博塞利国家公园，那里有数百只野生大象和人类居住在一起，有时候还会因为抢水和人类发生冲突。科学家用了马赛人和坎巴人的录音，前者在放牧与大象的冲突中偶尔杀死过大象，而后者对大象不构成威胁。

两者相比，二比一，大象对马赛人的语音反应更抵触——它们后退、聚成一堆——因为马赛人是更具威胁的人类部落，[63] 这项研究报告的合著者，科罗拉多州立大学的格雷姆·香农说。“他们利用人类的语言技巧做出如此精细的歧视，”香农说。“他们能够获取非常详细的知识。而只有非常大的大脑才能做到这一点。”

他们用马赛男性和女性的录音反复进行试验。[64] 由于女性从未捕杀过大象，大象对女性的声音反应较小。当他们换成年轻男孩的声音时，情况也相同。“能对人类的声音模式做出如此细微的区分是很不平常的，” 埃默里大学动物认知专家弗兰斯·德·瓦尔说。他没有参与该项研究。 答案解析 61.【定位】根据题干中的distinguish between human languages将本题出处定位于首段首句。

【解析】B)。首段首句指出，一项最新的研究表明野生大象能够区分出人类的语言。第3句指出科学家称这是其他动物还没有显示出来的一种先进的思维技巧，该句中的this即回指首句中提到的野生大象可以区分出人类的语言的这种能力。综合两句可知答案为C)。该句中的other animals是相对wild elephants而言的，并不是相对于人类而言的，这种能力只有野生大象和人类才有，故A)错误。首段2句指出，科学家是在播放人类录音时发现野生大象的这种能力的，并没有说这种能力是跟人类学的，故B)错误。文中明确说明这种能力是否是天生的，故D)错误。

62.【解析】A)。第5段中的it即指第4段中的the study，该段指出这一研究结果和苏塞克斯博士书中提到的

四级预测试卷（第一套）试题及答案解析

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情况很接近但不完全一样，那头叫霍尔顿的大象能听到其他动物听不到的声音。即，“wild elephants can hear something that others can’t hear”是苏塞克斯博士书中提到的情况，并不是该研究的发现，故答案为A)。第6段提到麦库姆和同事们去了肯尼亚的安博塞利国家公园，可知实验是在这里进行的，故不选B)。首段就提到了研究人员是在给肯尼亚的大象播放人类的录音时发现这一点的，故不选C)。第4段提到美国国家科学院院刊周一公布了该报告，故不选D)。

63.【解析】D)。本题需要梳理下本文提到的人物。Karen McComb出现在第2段末，是study author，肯定参与了研究。Graeme Shannon出现在第7段，是study co-author，肯定参与了研究。故正确答案为D)。Dr. Seuss 出现在第5段，该段提到这一研究结果和他书中提到的情况很接近但不完全一样，由此可知他没有参与该研究，可排除C)。Frans de Waal出现在末段末句，该句指出他没有参与该项研究，可排除A)和B)。

64.【定位】根据题干中的young boys’ voices将本题出处定位于末段第3句。

【解析】C)。末段第3句中的the same thing回指第2句中的the animals reacted less，即大象对年轻男孩的声音反应较小，大象觉得年轻男孩对他们没什么威胁，故正确答案为C)。文中提到大象听人类的录音时的表现只有两种：一种是防御性的后退、聚成一堆，另一种就是反应很小。并未提到其他三项中所说的exciting、depressing或gentle and kind，可排除。

65.【解析】A)。首段末句中的it回指上句所说的an advanced thinking skill that other animals haven’t shown，也就是题干中的special ability，具体就是指首句首句所说的Wild elephants can distinguish between human languages，该句指出这种能力帮助大象弄清楚谁对它有危险，谁没有。故正确答案为A)。文中并未提及大象的进化问题，这也不是大象特有的能力给它们带来的好处，排除B)。C)说的过于笼统，大象的这种能力确实能够帮助其更好地了解人类，但更具体的好处应该是找出并避免可能的危险。语言是人类特有的，大象即便有区分语言的听力，并不代表它们能够有语言，排除D)。

Part IV Translation

总体分析 本文是对著名人物莫言的介绍，属说明文。译文应采用较为正式的说明性语言。时态主要为一般现在时，但是如果是讲述该人物已经取得的成就，应用现在完成时。本文提醒考生平时应留意时事热点的英文表达，多看一些英文报纸、电视节目、网站等，熟悉热点人物、事件的正确英文表达。 逐句分析 1. ①句首先是姓名的英译，一般是用汉语拼音，姓和名的首字母都大写，莫言译作“Mo Yan”。该句中的“获得诺贝尔文学奖的”译作不定式短语“to receive the Nobel Prize for literature”作后置定语，修饰“Chinese writer”，其中“诺贝尔奖”译作“the Nobel Prize”，而“诺贝尔文学奖”译作“the Nobel Prize for literature ”，考生应注意体会、积累相关词汇，如“诺贝尔数学奖”译作“the Nobel Prize for mathematics”,“诺贝尔和平奖”译作“the Nobel Peace Prize”。

2. ②句注意出生日期的表达，如果具体到某日，用介词on，如果只说月份或年份用介词in。“开始小说写作生涯”译作“began his career as a writer”，“出版了许多短篇故事和长篇小说”译作现在分词短语“publishing dozens of short stories and novels”作状语。

3. ③句“因??为??所熟知”译作“be best known to… for…”，“该书已被译成20多种文字”译作定语从句“which has been translated into over 20 languages”修饰“Red Sorghum Clan”,该定语从句要用现在完成时。

4. ④句易，用现在完成时，“获得赞誉”译作“has won acclaim”。

四级预测试卷（第一套）试题及答案解析

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5. ⑤句译作被动句，“he has been referred to by the US news magazine Time as…”，“中国最著名的作家之一”译作“one of the most famous of all Chinese writers”、“他的作品经常被禁止出版”和“但又被广泛地盗印”分别译作两个形容词短语 “oft-banned”和“widely pirated”,这三个分句共用状语“of all Chinese writers”。 重点词汇 诺贝尔文学奖 the Nobel Prize for literature 改革开放时期 the reform and opening-up period 短篇故事 short stories 长篇小说 novel 检查总结 本文翻译的难点在最后一句，美国的杂志对莫言的描述，说明原文是英文，此处是从英文翻译成中文，再让考生翻译成英文。而英文通常比中文简洁，用几个形容词就能表达出很多意思，在翻译本句时要本着这个思路。翻译完成后要注意检查，不要出现错译、漏译的情况。 完整译文 ①Mo Yan is the first ever Chinese writer to receive the Nobel Prize for literature. ②He was born on February 17, 1955 and began his career as a writer in the reform and opening-up period, publishing dozens of short stories and novels. ③He is best known to Western readers for his 1987 novel Red Sorghum Clan, which has been translated into over 20 languages. ④Mo Yan has won wide international acclaim. ⑤He has been referred to by the US news magazine Time as “one of the most famous, oft-banned and widely pirated of all Chinese writers”.

◆答案速查◆

1 B 2 C 3 C 4 B 5 D 6 B 7 C 8 A 9 D 10 A 11 B 12 C 13 C 14 D 15 B 16 D 17 A 18 B 19 D 20 D 21 B 22 B 23 B 24 C 25 D 26. followed 30. emerging 34. consisted of 27. devote to 31. expected 35. proportion 28. contact 32. extraordinary 29. critical 33. reaching out to I 36 B 37 D 38 F 46 C 47 G 48 F 39 K 40 N 41 A 42 G 43 E 44 L 45 49 H 50 E 51 A 52 I 53 D 54 B 55 H 56 B 57 D 58 A 59 B 60 C 61 B 62 A 63 D 64 C 65 A Part IV Translation ①Mo Yan is the first ever Chinese writer to receive the Nobel Prize for literature. ②He was born on February 17, 1955 and began his career as a writer in the reform and opening-up period, publishing dozens of short stories and novels. ③He is best known to Western readers for his 1987 novel Red Sorghum Clan, which has been translated into over 20 languages. ④Mo Yan has won wide international acclaim. ⑤He has been referred to by the US news magazine Time as “one of the most famous, oft-banned and widely pirated of all Chinese writers”.

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