新视野大学英语听说第三册原文和答案

UNIT ONE THE EXPENSIVE FANTASY OF LORD WILLIAMS

UNDERSTANDING SHORT CONVERSATIONS

1. M: Did you read today's newspaper? "Lord Williams" was arrested two days ago.

W: Why? I heard he poured a lot of cash into a beautiful mountain village and

gave jobs to many people.

M: You could never have possibly guessed the truth. He stole funds from Scotland

Yard, and the fund was supposed to be used to pay spies and conduct secret

activities against the Irish Republican Army.

Q: What is the conversation about?

2. M: Did you attend yesterday's lecture?

W: Yes.

M: The lecture was supposed to start at 9:00 ,'~ m., but the professor was an

hour late.

W: He would have arrived on time, but an accident jammed the main road for one

and a half hours.

Q: What does the woman mean?

3. W: Robert, what a surprise! It's nice to see you again!

M: Hello, Susan! My gosh! How long has it been? Wasn't it several months ago,

the last time we saw each other?

W: I think you're right. You know, we bought a cottage in a mountain village.

We've been transforming it from a mess into a good place to spend our holiday.

M: Sounds good!

Q: What can be learned from the conversation?

4. M: Did you hear that they are going to build a first-class hotel here, with

furnished rooms, wood-paneled stairs and an outstanding restaurant?

W: Oh, no. It's going to ruin the neighborhood. They will have to tear down all

those nice old houses.

Q: What is the woman's reaction to the new hotel?

5. W: How's your job going?

M: Great! I'm enjoying it a lot. At first I was chosen to manage the construction

work. And now I'm in charge of running the business. The only problem we have

is that it's hard to obtain all the bank loans we need.

Q: What is the problem the man has in his job?

6. M: Did you hear the latest about David? He is going to move to Seattle.

W: To Seattle? That's a long way from here! What in the world made him decide to

move there?

M: He inherited a large sum of money from a rich uncle there.

Q: How does the woman feel?

7. M: I know the foundation has given the community $10,000 to improve its

environment.

W: The money will bring the community back to life. $10,000! They gave twice that

amount, I bet.

Q: How does the woman feel about the money?

8. W: I can hardly believe it! Such a soft-spoken, well-dressed middle-aged man fired

three shots into a crowded birthday party, killing one man.

M: To be more exact, he killed one man and wounded two other people.

W: Has he already been sentenced?

M: Yeah, he was arrested soon after the police arrived. He has been brought into

court and sentenced to thirty years in prison.

Q: What do we learn from the conversation?

9. W: I'm taking my daughter out for her birthday tonight -- you know, to that

outstanding restaurant.

M: You can't go like that. You'd better change.

Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?

10. M: What's your opinion of the village? You've spent your holidays twice there.

W: It captured my heart when I first saw it.

M: Is it a special village?

W: Yes, there are fine stone cottages, a central area of green grass and a

fantastic view of rolling fields and pine forests.

M: If only I had some free time.

Q: What does the man mean?

11. M: More and more people are paying attention to the problem of computer crime.

Have you heard about it?

W: Of course. A month ago one of my colleagues was arrested because she transferred

funds at our bank to accounts she had set up in other banks.

M: How did they find out?

W: Her bank deposits were so large that they were noticed by the bank's management.

The bank notified the police.

Q: What are the man and woman talking about?

12. M: How do you like our boss?

W: I find him a very charming man, very friendly, considerate -- not at all proud.

M: I certainly can't disagree with you on that.

Q: What does the man think of the boss?

13. W: To his terrible embarrassment, there were many people around at the time.

M: You're right. He was really embarrassed. He still turns red when anyone

mentions what happened. The best thing to do is not to talk about it when he

is around.

Q: What does the man think they should do?

14. M: How did you enjoy your trip to China?

W: It was a wonderful trip. We went to Beijing to see the Great Wall, the Ming

Tombs and Beijing' s Siheyuan.

M: But I heard they have tom down a lot of such houses because people in the

city need better housing.

W: Yeah, I think no one goes anywhere in the world to see apartment houses. How

can

Beijing be Beijing without Hutongs?

Q: What conclusion can be drawn from the conversation?

15. W: What made you steal so much money? Did you need so much?

M: First, I discovered this huge amount of money. Then I went from the need to

pay off a few debts to what can only be described as greed.

W: You just couldn't hold back your greed for money?

M: Yeah, there is no way to justify it.

Q: What is the possible relationship between the two speakers?

16. W: Good evening. Can I help you?

M: Oh, good evening. Yes, please. I'd like to have some information about nice

places where I can have a drink.

W: Well, you could go to the pub not far from the hotel. It's a fine place to

have a glass of Scotch whisky.

M: Oh, that's a good idea.

Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place?

17. W: Harry, I heard you bought an estate with a fine brick house and a run-down

hotel.

M: Yes, indeed. I'm trying to have the hotel totally restored.

W: How's it coming along?

M: I'm just taking it one step at a time.

Q: What does the man imply?

18. M: The city is going to put up a new shopping center in the neighborhood.

W: Another shopping center? That's nothing new.

Q: What does the woman mean?

19. M: I'd like to know some information about Mr. Smith.

W: He was born in Scotland and educated in England. He has worked for the London

police since the 1980s.

M: Thanks a lot.

Q: Where did Mr. Smith get his schooling?

20. M: What's your family like?

W: Well, I come from the mountain area. My family has been farming the

surrounding hills for generations.

M: Don't your parents want to live in the city?

W: No, they are used to the life there.

Q: How do the woman's parents get along?

Key: 1. (B) 2. (B) 3. (C) 4. (D) 5. (B) 6. (C) 7. (B) 8. (C) 9.

(C) 10. (A)

11. (B) 12. (D) 13. (C) 14. (C) 15. (A) 16. (B) 17. (D) 18. (D) 19.

(A) 20. (B)

UNDERSTANDING LONG CONVERSATIONS

Conversation1 (Dr. Scott and Thomas Hunt talk about a man called Martin.)

M 1: Dr. Scott, I have had some problems since my father died and left me all his

money. Do you remember Martin, the man who took care of my father's gardens

for many years?

M2: A smiling, polite fellow, right?

M 1: That's the man. I told him his job ended the day my father died. Well, three

days ago he came to my office, smiling as always, and demanded that I pay him

$100,000. He claimed to have been taking care of the trees outside my father's

room when Dad prepared another will, leaving all of his money to his brother

in New Zealand.

M2: You believed him?

M 1: I admit the news surprised me. Sometime during the last week in November, Dad

and I had argued about my plans to marry Elizabeth. Dad did not want us to

marry, so it seemed possible that he had decided to change his will and leave

all his money to his brother instead of to me. Martin said he had my father'

s second will and offered to sell it to me and keep it a secret for one hundred

thousand dollars. He told me that the second will would be considered legal

because it was dated November 31, the day after the will that left my father's

money to me. I refused. He tried to bargain, asking $50,000, and then $25,000.

M2: You paid nothing, I hope?

M 1: Nothing at all. I told him to get out of my house.

M2: Quite right. The story is clearly not true!

Questions 1 to 5 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

1. Who was Martin?

2. According to Martin, who did Thomas' father leave his money to?

3. What did Thomas and his father argue about?

4. How much did Martin demand first in order to keep the "secret"?

5. Why did Dr. Scott say the story was clearly not true?

Conversation 2

M: Excuse me, madam.

W: Yes?

M: Would you mind letting me take a look in your bag?

W: I beg your pardon?

M: I'd like to look into your bag, if you don't mind.

W: Well I'm afraid I certainly do mind, if it's all the same to you. Now go away.

M: I'm afraid I shall have to insist, madam.

W: And just who are you to insist, may I ask? I advise you to go away before I call

a policeman.

M: I am a policeman, madam. Here's my identity card.

W: What? Oh... well.., and just what right does that give you to go around looking

into people's bags?

M: None whatsoever, unless I have reason to believe that there's something in the

bags belonging to someone else?

W: What do you mean belonging to someone else?

M: Well, perhaps, things that haven't been paid for?

W: Are you talking about stolen goods? I don't know what things are coming to when

perfectly honest citizens get stopped in the street and have their bags

examined.

M: Exactly, but ifthe citizens are honest they wouldn't mind, would they? So may

I look in your bag, madam? We don't want to make a fuss, do we?

W: Fuss? Who's making a fuss? Stopping people in the street and demanding to see

what they've got in their bags. Now go away. I've got a train to catch.

M: I'm sorry. I'm trying to do my job as politely as possible but I'm afraid you're

making it rather difficult. However, I must insist on seeing what you have

in your bag.

W: And what, precisely, do you expect to find in there? The jewels?

M: Madam, if there's nothing in there which doesn't belong to you, you can go

straight off and catch your train and I'll apologize for the inconvenience.

W: Oh, very well. There you are.

M: Thank you. And ten men's watches?

W: Er, yes. I get very nervous if I don't know the time. Anxiety, you know. We all

suffer from it in this day and age.

M: I see you smoke a lot, too, madam. Fifteen cigarette lighters?

W: Yes, I am rather a heavy smoker. And... and I use them for finding my way in

the dark and...and for finding the keyhole late at night. And... and I happen

to collect lighters.

M: I bet you do, madam. Well, I'm afraid I'm going to have to ask you to come along

with me.

W: How dare you! I...

Questions 6 to 10 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

6. What does the man do?

7. Where does the conversation probably take place?

8. Why does the man stop the woman?

9. What is the woman going to do?

10. What does the man find in the woman's bag?

Key:

Conversation 1: 1. (D) 2. (A) 3. (B) 4. (B) 5. (A)

Conversation 2: 6. (C) 7. (A) 8. (C) 9. (B) 10. (A)

UNDERSTANDING PASSAGES

Listening Task 1 Passage1

Are you forty years old and fat? Do you wear fine clothes? Do you look rich?

If so, be careful. There is a pickpocket looking for you. World travelers, away from

home and usually carrying a lot of money, are often troubled by pickpockets in foreign

countries, but they should remember that there are pickpockets in their own countries,

too.

A typical pickpocket is under forty years of age, usually a male. He has trained

himself in running. Generally, he carries a newspaper or magazine in his hand. He

may appear fairly clever and pretend to be calm. He has learned his job from another

pickpocket, and he pays his "teacher" back by giving him a percentage of the money

or things which he steals.

The good pickpocket always operates in crowded places. Very well-dressed men and

slightly drunken men are the favorite objects of the pickpocket.

An average-sized department store hires about six or seven men and women who are

looking for pickpockets and thieves all the time. Many police districts have such

people whose only job is to catch the pickpockets quickly. But a good pickpocket

knows these things and is very careful. He is especially busy on buses, trains and

subways between 11:00 a.m. and 3:00 p.m. when there are many shoppers with a lot

of money to spend. He carefully remembers the payday of

companies.

Pickpocketing and stealing from a shop together represent about 75% of daytime

crime in America. The sentence for these crimes is usually from three to five years

in prison. After finishing their sentence, pickpockets and thieves usually advance

to more serious crimes.

Questions 1 to 5 are based on the passage you have just heard.

1. What does a typical pickpocket look like?

2. Where does a good pickpocket always operate?

3. What will happen to a pickpocket if he is caught in America?

4. What will a pickpocket most probably do after finishing his sentence?

5. What is the main purpose of the author of the passage?

Passage2

A wise man once said that the only thing necessary for the triumph of evil was

for good men to do nothing. So, as a police officer, I have some things to say to

good people.

Day after day my men and I struggle to hold back a wave of crime. Something has

gone terribly wrong with our once proud American way of life. It has happened in

the area of values.

A key ingredient is disappearing, and I think I know what it is: accountability.

Accountability isn't hard to define. It means that every person is responsible

for his or her actions and for their consequences.

Of the many values that hold civilization together -- honesty, kindness, and so

on --accountability may be the most important of all. Without it, there can be no

respect, no trust, no law -- and, ultimately, no society.

My job as a police officer is to impose accountability on people who refuse, or

who have never learned, to impose it on themselves. But as every policeman knows,

external controls on people's behavior are far less effective than internal controls

such as guilt, shame and embarrassment.

Yet more and more, especially in our large cities and suburbs, these inner

controls are loosening. Someone considers your property his property; he takes what

he wants, including your life.

The main cause of this break-down is a radical shift in attitudes. Thirty years

ago, if a crime was committed, society was considered the victim. Now, shockingly,

it's the criminal who is considered the victim because of the school that didn't

teach him to read, because of the church that failed to reach him with moral guidance,

and because of the parents who didn't provide a stable home.

I don't believe it. If we free the criminal, even partly, from accountability,

we become a society of endless excuses where no one accepts responsibility for

anything. We in America badly need more people who believe that the person who commits

a crime is the one responsible for it.

Questions 6 to 10 are based on the passage you have just heard.

6. According to the author, what is wrong with the American way of life?

7. What do people in large cities and suburbs tend to have?

8. What is the shift in most people's attitude towards criminals?

9. What will be the consequences if criminals are considered victims?

10. What is more effective than external controls on people's behavior?

Passage3

Lillian Beard smiled while she worked. "Why are you so happy?" her coworkers

asked her.

"Last week some of my income tax was paid back." Lillian answered. "This morning

I went to the bank and cashed the check. I have $462 in my pocket. I'm thinking about

the money. How will I spend it?"

After work Lillian came back home and decided to wash some clothes. She looked

at the jeans she was wearing. They were dirty. So she put them in the washing machine,

too. Ten minutes later she remembered the money in the pocket of her jeans. Lillian

ran to the washing machine and took out the jeans. The money was still in the pocket,

but it was wet. Lillian put the money on the kitchen table to dry.

A few hours later the money was still wet. Then Lillian had an idea. She could

dry the money in her microwave oven! Lillian put the money in it and left the kitchen.

When Lillian came back a few minutes later, she saw a fire in the microwave.

She opened the microwave door, blew out the fire, and looked at her money. The money

was burned.

The next day Lillian took the burned money to the bank. A teller at the bank

told her. "If I can see the numbers on the burned bills, I can give you new money."

Unfortunately, the teller found numbers on only a few bills. The teller took those

bills and gave Lillian $17.

A newspaper reporter heard about the burned money. He wrote a story about

Lillian for the newspaper. Several people read the story and called the newspaper.

"Tell Ms. Beard to send the burned money to the U.S. Department of Treasury," the

people said. "Maybe she can get her money back."

Lillian sent her money to the Department of Treasury. The experts looked at

Lillian's burned money and sent her a check for $231. What did Lillian buy with the

money? She didn't buy anything. She gave the $231 to friends who needed money. Lillian

said, "When I burned the $462, I thought, 'Well, my money is gone.' The check for

$231 was a big surprise. I decided to give the money to my friends. Money is important,

but people are more important to me."

Questions 11 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.

11. Why was Lillian so happy that day?

12. What happened to the money?

13. How much money did she get back from the bank?

14. How did she spend the money finally?

15. What did she realize after what had happened?

Passage4

American TV and movies once gave a tough and cruel picture of the American police,

though now there are TV series which have policemen as heroes and defenders of society.

The police are grateful for their new image, especially in cities where there are

black ghettos. White policemen are now careful of how they speak and behave towards

their fellow black citizens.

The ordinary policeman, is a city or a state employee. He cannot arrest anyone

outside his city or his state. He cannot even cross the border into a neighboring

state to catch a criminal. If he does, he can be charged with breaking the law of

that state. The police who have to be really tough are those that operate in big

cities, like New York, Chicago and Detroit, which have large ghettos and organized

criminals.

Since the majority of criminals are armed, American policemen have to use their

guns more often than most policemen in other places. American policemen get shot

down, run over, beaten up, and their wives are often in fear that one day their men

will not come home.

Many policemen do a lot to help children whose parents are criminals. They

understand better than most citizens the awful sufferings of the ghettos. They feel

sorry for the drug users, but often treat roughly the "pushers" who sell the drugs

-- when they can catch them. They have been criticized for making no serious efforts

to break up the many different drug rings. They claim that such a task would be

never-ending.

In big cities, the Police Commissioner (Head of the Force) is often appointed

by the Mayor and therefore senior police officers tend to be too closely linked to

politics. Their ambitions sometimes tempt them to turn a blind eye or to accept bribes,

which makes the ordinary policemen rather disappointed.

Questions 16 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.

16. How were the American police once described in American TV and movies?

17. Why do the police of New York, Chicago and Detroit have a particularly tough

time?

18. In what way are American policemen different from those in other places?

19. How do American policemen treat the children of criminals?

20. What do senior police officers tend to be closely linked to?

Key:

Passage 1: 1. (B) 2. (C) 3. (B) 4. (D) 5. (B)

Passage 2: 6. (A) 7. (C) 8. (B) 9. (D) 10. (D)

Passage 3: 11. (B) 12. (C) 13. (A) 14. (B) 15. (D)

Passage 4: 16. (A) 17. (D) 18. (A) 19. (C) 20. (D)

UNIT 2 IRON AND THE EFFECTS OF EXERCISE

UNDERSTANING SHORT CONVERSATIONS

1. M: Professor Lyle, you published the result of ynur study in the journal, right'?

W: Yes, a study of 62 formerly inactive women who began exercising three times

a week for six months.

M: What docs the study suggest?

W: It suggests that even moderate exercise may lead to reduced iron levels in the

blood of women.

M: Could you tell me how many of women in general are affected by iron deficiency?

W: Yes, certainly. One in four female teenagers, one in five women aged 18 to 45

and up to 80 percent of female endurance athletes.

Q: Generally speaking, what percentage of female teenagers is not affected by iron

deficiency?

2. M: What's the matter, Jane?

W: I have a headache, I keel) coughing and have a running nose.

M: You've caught a cold. You'd better take some medicine and go to bed. And by

the way, 1 think you need more exercise since you often catch colds.

W: I want to exercise but never seem to find the time.

M: Why not do it first thing in the morning?

Q: What does the man suggest the woman to do'?

3. W: Well, Mr. Johnson, you're at greatest risk since you smoke and drink too much.

M: Am 1 in a serious condition?

W: Yes, absolutely. It might be a good idea if you give up drinking and smoking

altogether.

M: Oh dear... I'm afraid that's out of the question.

Q: How does the man feel about the doctor's advice?

4. W: I'm absolutely exhausted since there are so many things to do before everybody

arrives for the party.

M: What have you prepared for the party?

W: I've cooked some meat, chicken and fish plus some vegetables.

M: That sounds really good! When will the party begin?

W: At 6: 00.

M: Well, I can get the drink for you.

W: Oh, can you, Mike? That'd be a great help.

Q: Why is the woman so tired?

5. M: Here is the result of your blood test. It shows that you have an iron

deficiency.

W: Iron deficiency! That's impossible.

M: It's true. So that's why you often feel weak, tired and out of breath.

W: Can I correct it?

M: Yes, of course. You'd better correct the problem by adding more iron-rich foods

to the diet such as meat, chicken, fish, and some leafy green vegetables. I

also recommend cooking in iron pans, as food can derive iron from the pan during

the cooking process.

Q: How can the woman solve her problem?

6. M: What would you like to have, Becky?

W: Just some sliced tomatoes and a glass of juice.

M: How about some beef?

W: No, thanks. It is delicious, but I am restricting my diet to control weight.

Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place?

7. M: I really wish David would take more interest in medicine and become a doctor

like us. I don't know why he wants to become an athlete.

W: But he's grown up. I think he should do what he wants to.

Q: What does the father want his son to be?

8. W: You look rather pale. Aren't you feeling well?

M: Not very. I was sick most of the night. I didn't sleep very well. I think it's

something I ate.

W: Did you eat at Rome last night?

M: No, we ate at that new restaurant. And I must have eaten something that didn't

agree with me.

Q: Why isn't the man feeling well?

9. W: Hello.

M: Oh, Hi, Joan. It's Joe. How are you doing?

W: Terrible.

M: Oh, what's the problem?

W: I've got a pain in the shoulder.

M: Oh, that's too bad. Why don't you go to the health center and see a doctor?

W: Yeah, I suppose I ought to, but you know how I hate doctors.

M: Well, at least you'd better lie down and take it easy for a while.

W: Yes, that sounds like a good idea. I will.

Q: What's the matter with the woman?

10. W: Mr. Anderson, we think it's necessary for you to have another blood test.

M: Why? I had one in our local hospital.

W: Well, the traditional method of calculating the amount of iron in blood in

that hospital is not sufficient. Instead, it's important to check levels of

a different compound.

M: A different compound?

W: Yeah, the compound indicates the amount of storage of iron in the blood.

M: Ok, if you think it's necessary, then go ahead. Anything to get rid of the

trouble.

Q: What can be concluded from the conversation?

11. W: What's your opinion of the new study conducted by that team of researchers?

M: Well, I think they have really done a good job. According to their study,

women who were normally inactive and then started a program of moderate

exercise showed evidence of iron loss.

W: So women should not ignore the amount of iron they take in.

Q: What's the attitude of the man towards the researchers?

12. M: There are more and more claims that people need some iron supplements in their

daily life.

W: I think it depends. Firstly experts say it's advisable for people to have a

yearly blood test to check blood iron reserves. Then people should talk with

a physician to see if their iron deficiency should be corrected by modifying

their diet or by taking supplements.

M: Are they equally effective?

W: No. In general, it's better to undo the problem by adding more iron-rich foods

to the diet, because iron supplements can have serious shortcomings or may

be poisonous in some cases.

Q: What can be learned from the conversation?

13. W: Shouldn't someone go to the supermarket to select some bread and cereals with

the words "iron-added" on the label?

M: Don't look at me.

Q: What does the man mean?

14. M: I was shocked when I heard you'd finished your research project a whole month

early.

W: How we managed to do it is still a mystery to me.

M: So what about your findings?

W: We've found that active women of child-bearing age are most likely to have

low iron levels. Actually men are not safe either, especially if they don't

eat meat and have a high level of physical activity.

Q: What can be drawn from the conversation?

15. W: Eggs are supposed to be one of the most healthy foods.

M: Next to potatoes.

Q: What does the man mean?

16. M: The doctor tells me that I'm in the second stage of iron deficiency.

W: The second stage?

M: Yeah, there are three stages. The first and most common is having low iron

reserves, a condition that typically has no symptoms. In the second stage,

fatigue and poor performance may begin to appear.

W: Then maybe there's nothing serious since you're not at the third stage.

M: That's not true. According to the doctor, if I wait until that point, I'll

be in trouble.

Q: What does the man mean?

17. M: Ms. Beard, when will you suggest we meet to discuss the new study further?

W: I am not really sure. What do you suggest?

M: Urmn, shall we meet, say, at 10:15 on Thursday?

W: Sure.

Q: Why are they going to meet?

18. W: Ah, Jack, good to see you again. Everything ready in your clinic?

M: Oh, yes, Miss Temple. We can start very early tomorrow. Have you told the women

to be there at eight?

W: They will all be there.

M: Are there many women with the problem?

W: Well, yes, quite a few. You see, some of them are not careful about their food

choices and they don't pay attention to some warning signs.

M: You can't change their habits easily.

Q: What do the woman and man mainly talk about?

19. M: It seems that you've been in such a bad mood lately.

W: I get up late in the morning, but I still sleep a lot and feel sleepy.

M: You'd better get up early and do some running in the morning.

W: But I heard exercise can result in iron loss through a variety of mechanisms.

Q: What does the woman mean?

20. M: Would you like some more chicken?

W: No, thanks. It is delicious, but I've had enough. I understand you've become

a real cook recently, Paul.

M: Well, since my wife began working, I decided to help out by making the meals

every once in a while.

Q: How often does Paul do the cooking at home?

Key: 1. (A) 2. (B) 3. (D) 4. (B) 5. (C) 6. (C) 7. (A) 8. (B)

9. (C) 10. (C)

11. (A) 12. (A) 13. (C) 14. (D) 15. (C) 16. (D) 17. (C) 18. (A)

19. (C) 20. (D)

UNDERSTANDING PASSAGES

Listening Task Passage 1

The bicycle has gone through one full circle already. It began as a toy for

rich people. Then it was a means of transportation. Next it became a toy again. Now

the bicycle is becoming popular as a means of transportation once more.

There are several reasons for the new popularity of bicycles. The cost of fuel

for cars is one reason. Another is the need to keep the environment clean. The third

reason is a desire for exercise. Americans are one group of people who are leaving

their cars at home. In fact, there are more than 100 million bicycles in the United

States alone.

An institute called World Watch made a study about the future of the automobile.

The researchers stated: "The bicycle is more convenient and saves more energy than

the car." Furthermore, it is nearly as fast as the automobile for short city trips.

Many people, however, are still using their cars. Why? Time is one reason. It is

still faster to drive a car than to ride a bicycle.

Another reason why people do not ride bikes is their lack of confidence. Some

new bicycle riders do not trust themselves. If they are not completely certain that

they can ride well enough, they decide to take their cars. New bicycle riders might

be afraid of hurting themselves. They may lack confidence.

A more important reason is lack of knowledge about the vehicle. For example,

the average person does not know how to shift the gears of the ten-speed bicycle.

One shocking statistic indicates the bicycle riders' ignorance. Researchers say that

80 percent of the ten-speed bikes in the United States have never been shifted! If

bike riders knew how to ride their bikes correctly, they would make better use of

them.

Questions 1 to 5 are based on the passage you have just heard.

1. Which of the following is not a reason for the new popularity of bicycles?

2. Why do many people still use their cars instead of bicycles?

3. What may cause some people not to ride bikes?

4. What do people need to do if they want to make better use of bicycles?

5. What is the percentage of the ten-speed bicycles which have never been shifted

in the United States?

Passage2

Moods, say the experts, are feelings that tend to become fixed, influencing

one's outlook for hours, days or even weeks. That's great if your mood is a pleasant

one, but a problem if you are sad, anxious, angry or simply lonely.

Perhaps the best way to deal with such moods is to talk them out; sometimes,

though, there is no one to listen. Modem doctors offer a lot of anti-anxiety drugs.

What many people don't realize, however, is that scientists have discovered the

effectiveness of several non-drug approaches to shake you free from an unwanted mood.

These can be just as useful as drugs, and have the added benefit of being nonpoisonous.

So next time you feel out of sorts, don't head for the drug-store -- try the following

approach.

Of all the mood-altering self-help techniques, exercise seems to be the most

efficient cure for a bad mood. "If you could keep the exercise, you'd be in high

spirits", says Kathryn Lance, author of Running for Health and Beauty.

Researchers have explained biochemical and various other changes that make

exercise a better mood-raiser than drugs. Physical labor such as housework, however,

does little. The key is exercise -- running, cycling, walking, swimming or other

repetitive activities that boost the heart rate, increase circulation and improve

the body's utilization of oxygen. Do them for at least 20 minutes each time, three

to five times a week.

Questions 6 to 10 are based on the passage you have just heard.

6. What is the main subject of the passage?

7. What is perhaps the best way to deal with a bad mood?

8. What is the author's attitude towards drugs in dealing with bad moods?

9. According to the passage, which of the following is not true?

10. Which is useful to cure bad moods?

Passage3

Maintaining body health is one of the most important tasks in life. A healthy

body requires nutritional foods and liquids for growth, development, and defense

against disease. A healthy body also requires fresh air, exercise, and rest.

Maintaining body health requires conscious effort. You choose the foods you eat.

You choose whether you get fresh air and exercise. You choose how much rest you get.

Nutrition is one of the most important components of body health. When people

do not eat enough food or do not take in certain essential nutrients, they can suffer

from malnutrition. Sometimes, disease robs the body of the essential nutrients in

the diet. This condition is called secondary malnutrition. Sometimes a diet contains

too many otherwise necessary nutrients, such as too many calories which may lead

to heart and blood vessel disease. The key is to keep to a proper diet.

Three essential which may foods are carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.

Carbohydrates provide body fuel. Fats are stored in the body for future energy uses.

Proteins are required for growth needs and for defending the body against disease.

Certain vitamins are needed in the body cells. Without them, deficiency diseases

can occur. Certain minerals are also needed in the diet.

Mental health is as important as bodily health. Stimulating activities should

be part of everyone's everyday life. Depression can result in loss of a person's

desire to accomplish realistic goals. When this happens, the body can also suffer

because the person loses concern over good nutrition, proper exercise, and

sufficient rest. Social workers and other behavioral scientists can help a person

recognize and remove blocks in the way of sound mental health.

Questions 11 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.

l 1. What does a healthy body require?

12. What is the key to avoiding heart and blood vessel disease?

13. Which of the following does not belong to the three essential food groups?

14. What is the function of proteins?

15. According to the passage, what does depression usually lead people to do?

Passage 4

If you want to live a long time, there are seven golden rules, say the experts.

You should be married, live in a small town and have a job that requires physical

activity. And you should not smoke. Nor should you become overweight. You should

drive within the speed limits, wearing a safety belt. And you should have regular

medical examinations.

It helps if you're a woman -- on average they live six years longer than men --

and your chances improve if your parents and grandparents each lived to a ripe old

age. Currently the average lifespan for a man living within developed countries is

70 years; 76 is normal for a woman.

Want to live longer?

The number one killer in many countries is heart disease, caused by fatty deposits.

Scientists have noticed that, while heart disease is the single biggest health

problem in Britain and America, it is not a serious problem in Japan.

Yet the Japanese have the world's highest cigarette-smoking rate, high average

blood pressure and lead stressful lives. The difference is that they eat a lot of

fish and vegetables and very little meat and dairy products.

It is also true that heart problems are almost as uncommon in Mediterranean

countries where they eat plenty of fish and less red meat.

High blood pressure makes a heart attack more likely, and one of the most common

causes is being overweight. As a guide, scientists say you should not be more than

four or five kilograms heavier than you were at 20 -- assuming that you were not

then overweight. The only safe, sure way to lose weight is to cut the proportion

of fat and added sugar in your diet, exercise and keep your calorie intake to a

reasonable level. Some try to beat nature with treatments such as the injections

of sheep cells, but there's no scientific evidence that they work.

Questions 16 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.

16. Which of the following statements is not a rule to live a long time?

17. How many years do women survive men on average?

18. Why isn't heart disease in Japan as serious as that in Britain and America?

19. What should people mainly eat in order to avoid heart disease?

20. What does the author think of the injection of sheep cells?

Passage 5

Today I would like to tell you about the effects of old age on health. Actually

today a lot of improvements have taken place in the care of old people and old people

health is not nearly so bad as it used to be.

Probably many of the fears that people have of growing old are caused by the

doctors. Nearly 80% of people over 65 have at least one serious illness, such as

high blood pressure, hearing difficulty or heart disease. And very often to combat

these they take a number of drugs and of course sometimes there are interaction

among these drugs as well as simply being too many. And this can cause a lot of

problems. For example, disturbance of the heart rhythm. So this is a problem that

doctors have to watch out for.

Probably the most ignored disorder among old people is depression. Maybe about

15% of old people suffer from this condition. A lot of it is caused by the problems

which we have mentioned. Although it is better now for old people, we have to admit

that the body does change as we grow older. There are changes in lungs, the senses,

the brain and the skin.

So what should an old person do to combat these changes?

He or she should eat a balanced diet -- not too much fat -- chicken or fish should

be eaten rather than eggs or beef. Eat more high fiber and vitamin rich foods, such

as vegetables and fruit.

The old person should give up smoking if he hasn't already done so. He should

also do regular exercise -- at least half an hour, three times a week. No section

of the population can benefit more from exercise than the elderly.

Questions 21 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

21. How is old people's health now?

22. What is a much more common problem with old people's health?

23. What is the most ignored disorder among old people?

24. Who can benefit more from exercise?

25. What should old people do in order to reduce the effects of old age on health?

Passage 6

As the pace of life continues to increase, we are fast losing the art of relaxation.

Once you are in the habit of rushing through life, being on the go from morning till

night, it is hard to slow down. But relaxation is essential for a healthy mind and

body.

Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way to avoid it. In

fact, it is not the bad thing as it is often supposed to be. A certain amount of

stress is vital to provide motivation and give purpose to life. It is only when the

stress gets out of the control that it can lead to poor performance and ill health.

The amount of stress a person can put up with depends very much on the individual.

Some people are not afraid of stress, and such characters are obviously prime

material for managerial responsibilities. Others lose heart at the first sight of

unusual difficulties. When exposed to stress, in whatever form, we react both

chemically and physically: In fact we make a choice between "flight or fight" and

in more primitive days the choices made the difference between life or death. The

crises we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme, but however little the stress,

it involves the same response. It is when such a reaction lasts long, through

continued exposure to stress, that health becomes endangered. Such serious

conditions as high blood pressure and heart diseases have established links with

stress. Since we cannot remove stress from our lives (it would be unwise to do so

even if we could), we need to find ways to deal with it.

Questions 26 to 30 are based on the passage you have just heard.

26. Why are people finding less and less time for relaxing themselves?

27. What is the attitude of the author towards stress?

28. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?

29. Under what situation is stress harmful to our health?

30. According to the passage, what may too much stress lead to?

Key: Passage 1: 1. (D) 2. (A) 3. (C) 4. (B) 5. (A)

Passage 2: 6. (A) 7. (D) 8. (B) 9. (D) 10. (A)

Passage 3: 11. (A) 12. (B) 13. (D) 14. (C) 15. (D)

Passage 4: 16. (C) 17. (A) 18. (B) 19. (A) 20. (D)

Passage 5: 21. (A) 22. (C) 23. (D) 24. (B) 25. (A)

Passage 6: 26. (A) 27. (B) 28. (A) 29. (C) 30. (D)

UNIT 3 WHERE PRINCIPLES COME FIRST

UNDERSTANDING SHORT CONVERSATIONS

1. M: I have just read an article in the newspaper about Hyde public school.

W: Hyde school? Is it the one receiving considerable publicity for its work with

troubled youngsters?

M: That's right. Most graduates from the school attend four-year college.

Q: What can be learned from the conversation?

2. W: My family is moving to Baltimore next month. I have to leave my school and

friends here. I hate that, you know.

M: Don't worry. The Hyde foundation is scheduled to begin a preliminary public

school program in Baltimore. Why don't you join it and make new friends there?

Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?

3. M: I'd like to know the principles on which your school operates.

W: Well, we believe that if we teach students the merit of such values as truth,

courage, integrity, leadership, curiosity and concern, then academic

achievement naturally follows.

M: Does it work?

W: It proves to be very successful.

Q: What does the woman mean?

4. M: There is lots of discussion on success and failure nowadays. How does a teacher

measure his students' success?

W: I think conscience and hard work are important factors and success should be

measured by growth, not by academic achievement.

Q: What is the conversation about?

5. M: I got a 7 out of 10 on my class performance today. What about you?

W: I got 8.

M: I challenge that. You did neither your grammar nor your spelling homework.

Q: What does the man imply?

6. M: What the new teacher said impressed me deeply.

W: What did he say?

M: He assumes that "every human being has a unique potential" that is based on

character, not intelligence or wealth.

W: I quite agree with him. Character is first.

Q: What are the speakers talking about?

7. M: Are you interested in the curriculum your school offers this semester?

W: To be honest, I am enthusiastic about English and history. Maths and science

sound a little dull. But what appeals to me is performing arts and sports.

Q: What courses is the woman not interested in?

8. W: Hello, is that David?

M: Yes.

W: This is Mary speaking. I am very nervous about my presentation tomorrow. I

will give an introduction to the famous poet, Robert Frost, during the seminar.

M: Take it easy. Make full preparations and everything will be fine.

Q: Why did the woman call the man?

9. M: How wonderful! You won the first prize. Can you believe it?

W: No. It's almost too good to be true.

Q: What does the woman mean?

10. M: We plan to go to the beach after class. Do you want to come?

W: I'd love to. But the headmaster wants to speak with me.

M: What a pity! Then we'll go without you.

Q: What will the woman probably do?

11. M: What are you working on?

W: I'm writing a story for the high-school newspaper. It's an article on the

feelings about graduation.

M: How do you feel?

W: Me? A little scared and excited, too.

Q: What can be inferred from the conversation?

12. M: Hi, Sue. Where have you been?

W: Oh, hi, Peter. I was just at the library. I have to hand in my term paper

tomorrow.

M: Tomorrow? Oh, no. I thought it wasn't due till Friday.

Q: What is the relationship between the two speakers?

13. M: Do you attend the lecture last night?

W: No. I visited my aunt in hospital. What was it about?

M: It centered on the parents' role in the education of their children. According

to the speaker, children tend to do their utmost when they see their parents

making similar efforts.

Q: What are the two speakers mainly discussing?

14. W: Do you remember your first days at Hyde school?

M: Of course. When I came here, I insulted and cursed everybody.

W: I can't imagine you doing that.

M: Unlike other schools that kicked me out, Hyde school admitted me and made me

change a lot since then.

Q: What can be inferred from the conversation?

15. M: I heard that faculty evaluations are conducted by students at your school.

What do you think of it?

W: As a teacher, I benefit from establishing a fruitful teacher-student

relationship.

Q: What does the woman mean?

16. M: It's worthwhile for parents to participate in the activities of their children

at school, don't you think so?

W: Yes, children are encouraged when they see their parents take part. But the

problem is that parents' attendance is low at present.

Q: What are the speakers discussing?

17. M: How is the new job going?

W: Well, I'm getting used to lots of new things and working on problems associated

with car design.

M: Is your supervisor satisfied with your work?

W: I hope he'll give me his opinion soon.

Q: What does the woman mean?

18. W: America is seen as the land of opportunity.

M: It depends.

W: You mean ......

M: Only those who are capable can take the opportunity to achieve success.

Q: What does the man mean?

19. M: Michael isn't here. He was injured by car yesterday.

W: I know. This morning I went to the hospital to visit him. He seemed very upset

and not willing to talk.

Q: What happened to Michael?

20. M: Your sister is quite different from you in character.

W: Many people share your opinion.

M: You are always optimistic in dealing with problems, while your sister is

different.

Q: What does the man say about the woman's sister?

Key: 1. (A) 2. (B) 3. (B) 4. (C) 5. (B) 6. (C) 7. (D) 8. (D) 9. (C)

10. (B)

11. (B) 12. (D) 13. (C) 14. (B) 15. (C) 16. (B) 17. (D) 18. (C) 19.

(A) 20. (C)

UNDERSTANDING PASSAGES

Passage 1 High Schools in the United States

Education has a very honored place in American society and, with some exceptions

among the wealthy, parents of every kind of background and of all income groups send

their children to the local high schools. It is an article of faith in the American

Dream that a good education will enable a child to achieve a higher standard of living

than his or her parents.

High schools are public schools in the proper sense of the word 'public', not

to be confused with English 'public schools', which are private and expensive.

People have a high opinion of American high school. This is because the high

schools take their responsibilities very seriously -- and not only in the classroom.

They have guidance advisers to whom children can go privately if they have any special

problems, especially about their future careers. Parents are encouraged to share

in the school life of their children. In some lower grade classes they actually go

into the class during a lesson and help the teachers with plays and class reading,

and most schools have highly successful Parent-Teacher Organizations. Teachers and

parents get together and discuss their children's problems.

For example, John has made no progress at all during the last term, because,

the teacher suspects, he is in love with a gift in the same class who has rejected

him, while Gail seems to be just lazy.

Between them, parents and the teacher then work out a plan of action.

Questions 1 to 5 are based on the passage you have just heard.

1. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

2. Why do people have a high opinion of American high schools?

3. Whom do students turn to for help when they have personal problems?

4. What are the parents encouraged to do?

5. What do teachers and parents get together for?

Passage 2 Self-image

Do you have a self-image that can help you succeed or one that can make you

fail? Let's discover what self-image is all about. Get a picture in your mind of

two empty chairs. In these two chairs let's picture two visitors. In the first

chair let's seat a young man who is deaf. In the second chair let's seat a young

boy who was born with part of one foot missing.

The young man we picked for the first chair was a musician. He was a great artist.

He

composed many great songs. When he was still a young man he lost his hearing. It

is generally believed that a person cannot be a professional musician or compose

music without heating, but this man had a special driving force that enabled him to

write some of the most beautiful music ever written. This man was Beethoven.

The visitor in the second chair was a young boy who was born with part of one

foot missing. This young boy loved sports, especially football. As a young boy and

later as a young man he had always dreamed of playing football with a major league

football team. He had a thirst that could not be quenched. Finally, he made it into

the New Orleans Saints football team and one day on the football field in New Orleans

he kicked the longest field goal in football history.

His name is Tom Dempsey.

If you try to find the special strength that turns an ordinary person into a

hero it only exists in the heart or soul of man. It is called a positive self-image.

A positive self-image is a great belief in yourself and your ideas.

Questions 6 to 10 are based on the passage you have just heard.

6. Why does the speaker talk about two empty chairs at the beginning of the passage?

7. What can be inferred about self-image?

8. What is generally believed about a deaf person?

9. What was the most exciting thing that Tom Dempsey did?

10. What is the main idea of this passage?

Passage 3 Sports in American High Schools

American learn sports as part of their education. They learn two or more ball

games, such as football or basketball. At high school, they choose groups of boys

or girls to make teams. They choose those who are best at that sport. These teams

compete against teams from other schools. In many schools students learn wrestling,

running, tennis, golf and swimming. They have teams for some of these sports, too.

The games between schools are often very exciting. Other students, the ones not

on the team, love to watch them. They let everyone know this by shouting and cheering

when their team plays well.

There is a special club of girls and boys, mostly girls, who jump up and down

and shout for their football team. They call themselves cheerleaders, because they

lead everyone in shouts and cheers. They wear clothes of a special color -- the color

of their school's team. The football players wear that color, too. Each school has

a team color and a team name. Cheerleaders call

out the team name in their cheers. They practice many hours to learn the special

jumping and cheering moves. Cheerleading is almost a sport itself.

Every classroom has an American flag in it. From elementary to high school,

students start each day by standing up and showing respect to the flag. They put

their hands over their hearts and say the "Pledge of Allegiance". This is a promise

to the country, which was written by people who came to the US over 200 years ago.

By standing and showing respect to the flag

people think about the United States and its freedoms.

Questions 11 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.

11. According to the passage, which sport is not learned at high schools?

12. Why are the games between schools exciting?

13. What can be learned about cheerleaders?

14. How do students start each day in elementary and high school?

15. When people stand showing respect to the American flag, what do they usually

think about?

Passage 4 Setting Goals

Why is setting goals important? Because goals can help you do, be, and experience

everything you want in life. Instead of just letting life happen to you, goals allow

you to make your life happen.

Successful and happy people have a vision of how their life should be and they

set lots of goals, both short-term and long-range, to help them reach their vision.

By setting goals you are taking control of your life. It's like having a map to show

you where you want to go.

Winners in life set goals and follow through on them. Winners decide what they

want in life and then get there by making plans and setting goals. Unsuccessful people

just let life happen by accident. Goals aren't difficult to set -- and they aren't

difficult to reach. It's up to you to find out what your goals, ideals and visions

really are. You are the one who must decide what to go after and in what direction

to aim your life.

Research tells us that when we write a goal down we are more likely to achieve

it. Written goals can be reviewed regularly, and have more power. Like an agreement

with yourself, they are harder to neglect or forget. Also when you write your goals

in a particular fashion you are able to stimulate your subconscious to be

continuously aware of situations that will further your goal.

Questions 16 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.

16. What does the significance of setting goals lie in?

17. In what way do successful people differ from unsuccessful ones?

18. According to the speaker, what is the most important thing in the whole process

of realizing one's goals?

19. What are people suggested to do if they want to realize their goals without

failure?

20. What is the speaker mainly discussing?

Passage 5 Tests, Marks and Report Cards

Do you think that tests are only for students? You're wrong. The tests that

students take also test their teachers and schools. In the United States, students

take many tests each year. Teachers use tests to see how well pupils are learning

at school. If students pass these tests, they go on to the next grade where the work

is harder. In this way, it is the students who are tested. But these tests also show

if teachers are doing their job. Teachers have to give their pupils a lot of

information in each grade. If they don't, their students may not learn enough. So

the tests are also for teachers.

There is another special test that pupils take each year in all the schools across

the country. It is a different test for each grade, but the same for all students

in the same grade. It shows what they have learned that year. It shows which schools

are teaching well. So tests are also for testing schools.

Most American schools give the following marks: A = 91-100 per cent, B = 81-90

per cent, C = 71-80 per cent, D = 65-70 per cent, E = 50-64 per cent, and F = below

50 per cent. In high schools it is possible to take some classes without marks. Then

the student gets a "P" for "pass" and an "F" for "fail".

Teachers keep lists of students' test and homework marks. They give students marks

for how well they work. Then they list the students' marks on their report card.

Students get report cards four times a year. One copy is sent to the parents and

the school keeps a copy.

Seventy-one percent of American students graduate from high school. And 40

percent of high school students go on to college.

Questions 21 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

21. Why do teachers use tests?

22. Why are the tests for students also for teachers?

23. What does the special test taken by pupils in all the schools across the country

show?

24. How many times do students get report cards a year?

25. About what percentage of high school students go on to college?

Passage 6

Once upon a time there was a wise man that used to go to the ocean to do his

writing. He had a habit of walking on the beach before he began his work. One day

he was walking along the shore. As he looked down on the beach, he saw a human

figure moving like a dancer. He smiled to himself at the thought of someone who would

dance on the beach. So he began to walk faster to catch up.

As he got closer, he saw that it was a young man and the young man wasn't dancing,

but instead he was reaching down to the shore, picking up something and very gently

throwing it into the ocean.

As he got closer he called out, "Good morning! What are you doing?"

The young man paused, looked up and replied, "Throwing starfish in the ocean."

"I guess I should have asked, why are you throwing starfish in the ocean?"

"The sun is up and the tide is going out. And if I don't throw them in they'll

die."

"But, young man, don't you realize that there are miles and miles of beach and

starfish all along it. You can't possibly make a difference !"

The young man listened politely. Then he bent down, picked another starfish and

threw it into the sea, past the breaking waves and said, "It made a difference for

that one."

There is something very special in each and every one of us. We have all been

gifted with the ability to make a difference. And if we can become aware of that

gift, we will gain through the strength of our visions the power to shape the future.

We must each find our starfish. And if we throw our starfish wisely and well,

the world will become better.

Questions 26 to 30 are based on the passage you have just heard.

26. What would the wise man do before he began writing?

27. What was the young man doing on the beach?

28. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

29. What does the speaker mean by saying "There is something very special in each

and every one of us"?

30. What can be inferred from the passage?

Key: Passage 1: 1. (D) 2. (B) 3. (A) 4. (C) 5. (A)

Passage 2: 6. (D) 7. (C) 8. (D) 9. (B) 10. (C)

Passage 3: 11. (C) 12. (A) 13. (B) 14. (A) 15. (D)

本文来源：https://www.bwwdw.com/article/x3bi.html