新概念一L143笔记

新概念一L143笔记和练习

词汇 ★surround

v.包围；围绕

The wall surrounds the jail.那所监狱四周都是围墙。

Trees surround our house.我们房子的四周都是树。

The beautiful white house is surrounded by green trees. 美丽的白色房子周围都是绿色的树。 Surrouding  adj.周围的，附近的 the surrounding scenery四周的风景 n.环境，周围的食物

Healthy surrounding is good for children’s study.健康的环境有益于孩子的学习。

★Wood n. 树林木，木头，木料，木材，

The house is built of wood. =This house is made of wood. 这栋房子是木造的。

Made of /made from

Forest 森林

★beauty spot 景点，风景胜地 美人痣

Beauty n.美 beauty queen 选美赛中的第一名 beauty contest 选美比赛

A woman of great beauty 很美的女子

spot 这个词含义很丰富，比如n. 污点,地点,斑点,点,缺点,处境,少量a. 当场的,现场的,现货买卖的vt.1. 点缀；2.发现；3.看见,看到,注意到

 Gossip: Spotted Chuck Bass losing sth no one knew he had begin with—his heart. 目击——C失去了一样没人知道的东西，他的心。 

scenic spot  风景名胜例句：The city is famed for its scenic spots.该市以风景优美著称。 tourist attraction  tourist resort. 旅游胜地

place of interest 名胜古迹

★hundred n.百

在百位和十位，以及百位和各位数字之间，美国的读法通常不见and，而英国的读法则通常加and

480 /208

Hundreds of 几百的/很多的 不是具体的数量，而是一个概述，

hundreds of people 好几百个人

1.great hundred，long hundred n. 一百二十

3.four hundred n. 名流,士绅

hundred perecnt location 【经】 最佳地区

★city n. n. 都市，城市

City life 都市生活 

city hall 市政厅，市政府，市政当局（不加冠词的）

City planning 城市规划

A large city 大都市，大城市

better city better life 城市让生活更美好(上海**会主题)

★through prep.介词

1）穿过，它的意思随着前面的动词的变化而变化

The train went through some tunnels.火车穿过一些隧道

Go through the door on your right and into the office. 穿过右边门到办公室去。

I can’t see through your head. 你的头挡住了我的视线。

2）prep.遍及…，在…到处

They traveled all through China. 遍及中国

The news has spread through China. 723事件

3）prep.整个…/从开头到最后

Through the summer 整个夏季

He was awake through the night.他整晚都醒着。

through Monday to Friday从星期一到星期五

4）prep.依据…经由… 由于 因为

He got a job through a friend.他通过了一个朋友找到了一个工作

break through v. 1.突围，突破

It was difficult at first to break through her quiet manner.（起初很难克服她那内向的性格。） ★visitor n. 参观者，游客，来访者 tourist

visit v. 1.[T]访问，拜访，看望，参观 2.[T,I]（短暂地）做客，逗留 3.[T]视察，巡视 n. 1.访问，参观，游览，逗留 2.【美】【口】（尤指要人的）非正式交谈

I am afraid I won't be able to visit you on Saturday. 恐怕我无法在星期六来拜访您了。

be able to 能够,有…能力,胜任,可以,会.主要指具体做某件事的能力。

make a visit to 拜访(某人), 访问(某人)  pay a visit to v.去参观,拜访

I'm pleased to make my first visit to western China.

a flying visit 匆忙的访问, 短时间参观

★Tidy adj.整齐的 untidy

A tidy room 一个整洁的房间

She is always neat and tidy.她总是整洁的。

V. 使..整洁，整理…常与up连用 tidy up a room

Tidy yourself up before you go out.

出发之前把自己打扮好

★litter  n.杂乱的东西

Some tourists leave litter in the beauty spot.

一些游客把垃圾扔在了风景点

No litter！ 请勿丢垃圾 常用于名胜古迹和公告场合

V. 把…弄得乱78糟

Don’t litter your room.

不要把你的房间弄得乱七八糟

Litter basket 废物框 

litterbag 垃圾袋，废物袋

litterbin垃圾箱，垃圾桶（公共场所用的）

litterbug 随地丢垃圾的人

★rubbish n.[U] 1.垃圾；废弃物 

 a pile of rubbish 一堆垃圾

Clear away the rubbish  清除垃圾

Throw away the rubbish2.（也用作形容词）劣质的东西 3.废物；瞎说 

Don’t talk rubbish.

litter与rubbish的区别rubbish: 普通用词，指任何成堆的、破损的、用过的或无用的东西，尤指弃掉的垃圾堆。也可作引申用。litter: 是四下乱丢物品的总称，尤指散落于地，有碍观瞻的废物。

★place v. 放

① v.（小心地）放；放置

He placed the record back to the shelf. 他把唱片放回到架子上。

② v. 任命；安置

The company has placed him with a branch office in Tokyo.

公司任命他在东京的一家分支机构工作。

There is no better way to place the homeless children.

没有更好的办法来安置这些无家可归的孩子们。

③v定名次 获得名次

My horse wasn't even placed. 我的马未获名次。

She was placed on the top in the English contest. 在英语比赛中，她获得第一名。

n. 住所，寓所； 席位，座位；有特定用途的场所；地方，地方，地区，位置；名次，（ 第...）名；社会地位，身份；【数】位；工作，职务，职责；广场，街道

There is a place called love in your heart. 在你心中有一个叫**的地方。

take the first place名列第一

in the first place ph. 首先，第一，从一开始

holy place  n.圣所,圣殿

Give place to 让位于…./被…所取代

In place of 代替

Know one’s place 懂分寸，不过分，举止谦虚

Take place （事情）发生

Wenzhou train crash took place on July 23rd. 发生在7月23日的温州列车撞车事故

★throw( threw; thrown) v. 扔，抛

He threw a ball up.

他向上扔了一个球

Please throw，I will catch.

请扔，我将会赶上。

Throw sb sth. Throw sth to sb把东西扔给某人；扔给某人某物

Throw out 从字面上看，大家也不难猜出它的意思，就是“抛弃，扔掉，赶出”，总之就是一种“禁止”的意思，例如：We threw out her proposal. 我们拒绝了她的提议。**

脱贫致富 throw off poverty and set out on a road to prosperity n. 繁荣，成功 v.(从...)扔开,去掉(伪装),摆脱掉,散发出

★count 数，点 121课 counter柜台

Don’t forget to count the change.不要忘记数一下零钱

Count down 倒数 用倒数方式计算

“倒数十秒”的话，可以说“a ten-second countdown”。

《通往天国的倒数计时》Countdown to Heaven 

★cover 覆盖

Cover sth with sth 用...盖住...

She covered her face with her hands. 她用她的手盖住她的脸

Be covered with sth 盖满

2）隐瞒 He try to cover his mistake. 他企图隐瞒他的错误。

3)占用，延续 his report covered all aspects of the problem.他的报告涵盖了这个问题的所有方面['æsp?kt]

4）盖子，包装纸 put a cover on a pot. 锅

5)封面，书皮 a book with a hard cover 精装书

From cover to cover 自第一页到最后一页，整本书从头到尾

★Piece n. 碎片，部分

Cut a pie into 6 pieces把馅饼切成6块

A piece of ** 一张纸 5 pieces of chalk 五支粉笔

Several pieces of bread 几片面包

Piece与of连用放在不可数名词前面，表示名词的数量，与形容词连用时，形容词常置于piece之前

 硬币He could not find his fifty pence piece anywhere. 他摸了半天也没找到那50便士硬币

pence [penny]的名词复数形式 便士 美分

A piece of cake的意思当然可以是指一块蛋糕。可是，作为俗语，它的意思就成了：这件事太容易了。

★tyre n. 轮胎（美tire）

★rusty生锈的

a rusty nail 生锈的钉子

变钝了的，荒废了的，减弱了的

my English is a little bit rusty.  我的英语退步了

★among

1)Among 在…之间。表示在三者或三者以上的人或物之间

They hid themselves among the trees.  他们在树之间隐藏自己

表示2者之间用between 

it’s only between you and me.   这是我们两人之间事情

2)在…内部

that singer is very popular among young people.

那个歌星非常受年轻人的欢迎。

3)表示多数中的一个

he was among those who know it.

他是知道这件事情的其中一个

Among other 尤其，格外

I like rock music among others. ★prosecute 依法处置

① v. 起诉，检举；依法处置

Unauthorized reproduction will be prosecuted. 仿冒必究

[?n'?:θ?raizd] 未经授权的；未经许可的；未经批准的 

Trespassers will be prosecuted. 闲人莫入，违者法办。['tresp?s?]

② v.（书面语）彻底进行；执行

We are going to prosecute the investigation further. 我们将进一步彻底进行调查。

[课文]

I live in a very old town which is surrounded by beautiful woods. It is a famous beauty spot. On Sundays, hundreds of people come from the city to see our town and to walk through the woods. Visitors have been asked to keep the woods clean and tidy. Litter baskets have been placed under the trees, but people still throw their rubbish everywhere. Last Wednesday, I went for a walk in the woods. What I saw made me very sad. I counted seven old cars and three old refrigerators. The little baskets were empty and the ground was covered with pieces of **, cigarette ends, old tyres, empty bottles and rusty tins. Among the rubbish, I found a sign which said, 'Anyone who leaves litter in these woods will be prosecuted!'

1．I live in a very old town which is surrounded by beautiful woods. 我住在一个由美丽的树林环绕的古老的小镇上。

is surrounded by，由……环绕着。这是一个主从复合句，which is surrounded by ... 为定语从句，修饰town。which 指代 town 。从句用的是被动语态，“被......所包围”，如果将从句独

立为一个句子，则为：My town is surrounded by beautiful woods.

hundreds of people 复数形式表概数，“数以......计的”与 of 连用，作名词的修饰语，其后面的名词必然是复数形式。

4. . . . to see our town and to walk through the woods. 来参观我们的小镇并在树林中**。 to see our town and to walk through the woods 为不定式短语作目的状语。

这里用 and 连接的两个动词不定式。介词through，“穿过”，强调纵深向，如：walk through the forest 穿过森林：而 across 强调横向，如： walk across the street 横穿街道 5．Visitors have been asked to keep the woods clean and tidy．游客已被告知要保持树林的整洁。 现在完成时的被动语态，说明需求的行为应为游客所知。（句中 have been asked是被动语态的完成时结构。详见本课语法部分。）to keep the woods clean and tidy 是动词不定式短语，作主语visitors的补足语。clean and tidy 是宾语 the woods 的宾语补足语。

clean and tidy 表示“整洁的，清洁的”这是英语中的常用结构，其它常见的类似结构还有：black and blue 青一块紫一块；happy and gay 高高兴兴 heart and soul 全心全意，一心一意 6．go for a walk，去**。

7．What I saw made me very sad．我所见到的一切使我非常难过。 句中的主语 What I saw 是 what 引导的名词性从句（主语从句）。例如： What you do makes me happy. 你所做的是我愉快。

8. The litter baskets were empty and ground was covered with pieces of **，cigarette ends，old tyres，empty bottles and rusty tins.

句中 and 连接的并列句，“the litter baskets were empty” 与“groun was ... 分别为两个并列分句，be covered with ... 被 ...... 覆盖。如：

The desks are covered with dust. 桌子上布满了灰尘。 The ground was covered with snow. 地上覆盖着雪。

9. Anyone who leaves litter in these woods will be prosecuted！凡在此树林里丢垃圾者，将依法处置。

这是一个主从复合句，who 引导定语从句，修饰先行词anyone 。will be prosecuted 为将来时的被动语态。

Anyone who comes to the party is welcome. 该晚会来者不拒。

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