用matlab研究声学现象-复旦大学物理教学试验中心FudanPhysics

更新时间:2023-12-05 08:13:01 阅读量: 教育文库 文档下载

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摘要:

matlab是一种用于算法开发、数据可视化、数据分析以及数值计算的高级技术计算语言和交互式环境。本文利用matlab的强大计算功能和信号数据处理功能,对声音信号进行研究。以音叉为切入点,用傅立叶变换(FFT)对音叉振动的图像展开分析,测算音叉频率等性质。与传统物理方法不同的是并没有利用声学和振动的物理性质,只是利用录制的声音文件和matlab的计算机实测功能。本文还用matlab设计的数字滤波器对声音信号进行滤波降噪处理,并对实验方法的改进展开了讨论。

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关键词:语音信号 matlab 音叉 傅立叶变换 数字滤波器

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目录

一、引言···························································4 二、音叉的振动······················································5 2.1 音叉介绍·····················································5 2.2 音叉基本性质·················································5 三、傅立叶变换······················································6 3.1 简介 ·······················································6 3.2 离散傅立叶变换(DFT)·········································6 3.3 快速傅立叶变换(FFT)·········································7 3.4 用FFT变换处理声音信号······································7 3.5 音叉频率·····················································9 3.6分析与结论··················································14 3.7 改进方法····················································16 3.8 FFT变换的其它应用···········································17 四、数字滤波器······················································19 4.1 滤波器简介··················································19 4.2 数字滤波器原理·············································19 4.3 理想滤波器分类·············································20 4.4 滤波器的设计···············································21 4.5 对音频文件进行滤波处理·····································21 4.6 结论·······················································24 五、结束语························································25 谢致······························································26 参考文献···························································27

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一、 引言

在我们生活的世界中,声音是最常见的信息传递方式之一。声音的振动在连续介质中传播。振动的物体称为声源,声源引起周围空气分子加速,并向周围波状扩散,这就是空气中的声音。人耳对声音的感觉决定于声音的频率,它使我们能区别不同人讲话以及不同物体发出的声音。一般的自然界的各种声音中含有许多不同频率的声波,人耳通过接受到的声音的振动频率来区分不同的声音。

matlab是一种用于算法开发、数据可视化、数据分析以及数值计算的高级技术计算语言和交互式环境。matlab的应用范围非常广,包括信号和图像处理、通讯、控制系统设计、测试和测量、财务建模和分析以及计算生物学等众多应用领域。附加的工具箱(单独提供的专用matlab 函数集)扩展了matlab环境,以解决这些应用领域内特定类型的问题。 主要功能

? ? ? ?

此高级语言可用于技术计算

此开发环境可对代码、文件和数据进行管理 交互式工具可以按迭代的方式探查、设计及求解问题

数学函数可用于线性代数、统计、傅立叶分析、筛选、优化以及数值积分等

? ? ?

二维和三维图形函数可用于可视化数据 各种工具可用于构建自定义的图形用户界面

各种函数可将基于matlab的算法与外部应用程序和语言(如C、C++、Fortran、Java、COM以及Microsoft Excel)集成

matlab在计算科学,自然科学,社会科学等多方面都有很多应用,本文以matlab为工具,主要研究它在处理语音信号方面的应用。

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二、音叉的振动:

2.1 音叉介绍:

音叉(tuning fork)是呈“Y”形的钢质或铝合金发声器,各种音叉可因其质量和叉臂长短、粗细不同而在振动时发出不同频率的纯音。音叉可用于钢琴的调音,用音叉取标准音是钢琴调律过程中十分重要的环节之一,它关系到一台钢琴各键音处在什么音高位置上。

2.2 音叉基本性质:

音叉系统在周期性外力(F?F0cos?t)作用下发生振动,其振动系统满足下列运动微分方程:

F0d2xdx2?2???x?cos?t 02*dtdtm式中:?———阻尼常数;

?0———音叉系统的固有圆频率;

m*———振动系统的质量;

F0———强迫力的振幅;

?———强迫力的圆频率;

2??2t??0)?Acos(?t??)在阻尼较小的情况下,上述方程的解x?A0e??tcos(?0式中第一项是一个减幅振动;第二项是一个等幅振动。 当达到稳定状态后其振动表达式为:

x?Acos(?t??)

式中A?F0m*(???)?4??202222;

当?=?0时,振幅A出现极大值,此时达到共振。

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