议论文写法

议论文写法

指导教师：曲兆梅 讲座人：51中 宋彦 一 什么是议论文

议论文是作者对某个问题或某件事进行分析、评论，表明自己的观点、立场、态度、看法和主张的一种文体。

二 议论文三要素: 论点、论据和论证。

论点的基本要求是：观点正确，认真概括，有实际意义； 论据的基本要求是：真实可靠，充分典型； 论证的基本要求是：推理必须符合逻辑。

议论文的一般结构方式是：提出问题、分析问题、解决问题。 三议论文：段落布局 准确命题，体现观点。

Paragraph 1开头点题,引出下文.第一段的结尾句要表明观点. Paragraph 2针对自己的观点,至少提出三个论据来支持第一段的观点.

Paragraph 3重申观点，阐明主题。结尾段的表达应当是整篇文章的升华,结尾句尽量用精彩语句加以总结.。

四 体裁判断 判断体裁的最好方法是找体眼，也就是找最后一句话。学生可根据应不应该，谈一谈你的看法和感想。来判断此类文章都属于议论文的范畴。 五 如何写开头段落

开门见山，引出话题是应该还是不应该，观点要明确，不能摸棱两可,写作时常用..In my opinion, we should….I think.引出观点. 一般来说，把论点写在篇首或段首，能起到纲举目张的效果，读来更容易把握文章思路. 例如：遇到困难我们应不应该退缩或放弃

As the saying goes, “ Life is not all roses.” We may often come across many difficulties in our lives. I think it’s important for us to face and overcome the difficulties. We should never give up. 如何写主体

1第二段的论据要围绕来why展开，而不是how。三个论证要逐层递进，每个论点之间至少有两三句话作为论据. 例如：我们在成长的过程中，是否应该拥有梦想？ First, if we have our own dreams, we’ll know what our dreams are. Keep telling ourselves what we want. That means we will succeed easily in our life. Second, it is dream that gives us power and makes our lives colorful. We can’t study or work well without our dreams. Third, a dream helps us to grow up and teaches us how to control our lives. A dream can’t be realized in one day. A big dream has, in fact, many small dreams.

用三个论据从不同的侧面来论证论点，谈论为什么应该拥有梦想。第一点：拥有梦想走向成功更快。第二点：梦想使生活更充实。第三点：梦想使人成长。 2论证自己的观点是议论文最关键的部分。论证手段与英语说明文中的一些写作手法相同，常用 归纳法:从分析典型，即分析个别事物入手，找出事物的共同特点，然后得出结论。推理法:从一般原理出发，对个别事物进行说明、分析，而后得出结论。对照法:对所有事实、方面进行对照，然后加以分析，得出结论。驳论法:先列出错误的观点，然后加以逐条批驳，最后阐明自己的观点。 3要准确使用过渡词，符合逻辑顺序，注意语句的连贯性。语言的过渡要自然，恰当使用关联词。连接论点之间常用的句式有：

first,second,third/firstly,secondly,thirdly/first of all ,What’s more, furthermore/ On one hand, on the other hand, what’s more

表示并列关系的过渡词：and, as well as, or ? 表示转折关系的过渡词：but, yet, however ?表示时间关系的过渡词：first, second, third, and then, finally, after, before, after a few days, at last, at that time, , in the past, 表示比较关系的过渡词：in the same way, just like, just as ?

表示对照关系的过渡词：but, still, yet, however, on the other hand, in spite of, even though ?表示递进关系的过渡词： also, and, then, too, in addition, moreover, again ?表示因果关系的过渡词：because, since, then, thus, otherwise, so, therefore ,as a result?表示解释说明的过渡词：for example, in fact, in this case, for, 表示强调的过渡词：in fact, indeed, certainly, without any doubt, truly, most important ?表示目的的过渡词：for this reason, for this purpose, so that, in order that, so as to, in order to, ?

表示列举的过渡词：for example , such as ?表示总结性的过渡词：in conclusion, finally, at last, 如何写结尾段落

在结论部分必须表明作者的观点，对讨论的问题做出总结。在结尾的时候一定要注意首尾呼应,重申自己的观点. 不要把论据的某一点作为结尾总结的观点。结尾常用的过渡词：in general, all in all, generally speaking, in a word.....

例如：九年级学生要不要参加课外活动In a word, after-class activities are important to us. After-class activities can make us happy, let us relax when we feel tired. In order to have a happy and healthy school life. Let’s get started! 四 在具体写作中的注意事项：

1不要把给出的信息逐句翻译，不要前后矛盾。

2首段和尾段要有体现文章体裁的句子，要保持前后的一致很重要，

3掌握内容。写议论文尽量不要过于联想，内容写全即可以了，否则可能会因为掌握不好而跑题。

话题讨论性的议论文近年来， 在考试中也比较多见。议论文的三大要素是论点、论据、论证。但要想把这三点准确地运用于自己的作文中又谈何容易？一不留神就会陷入误区。

误区一、在陈述观点时拖泥带水。有些同学为了使自己的观点更加新颖、与众不同，往往在提出观点之前进行过多铺垫，整个文章有一种头重脚轻的感觉，而且无形中挤占了下一部分的内容，导致论证不够充分。

误区二、在论述中 \误入歧途\。当观点提出后，有些同学不能从一而终。前两句还能围绕观点进行论述，接下来却围绕新派生出的一个论点进行阐述。比如：有的同学想论述追星的利弊。开始还是在说追星有利有弊，利是什么，弊是什么。但后面却转向论述明星有明星的苦衷，我们应该如何给与理解和支持。这样写就偏离了主线，没有把握住主要方向。误区三、 用结论性的语言充当论据。同学们在使用论据时要以真实、可靠、典型为原则。要选择具体、形象、生动的内容来对观点进行论述，而不是结论性语言。例如：你想说明追星不好。如果你只说追星影响学习，所以弊大于利，就显得太空泛。假如你先用具体事例来说明在追星的过程中，学习如何受影响了，然后再用结论性的语言加以总结，你的论述就会变得具有说服力了。

记得一首歌中这样唱道“把握生命中每一分钟，全力以赴我们心中的梦，不经历风雨怎么见彩虹，没有人能随随便便成功。”的确，每个人心中都有自己的梦想，并且大家都在为自己的梦想不懈的努力着，作为中学生请你谈一谈我们在成长的过程中，是否应该拥有梦想？

WE SHOULD HAVE OUR DREAMS

There is a saying, “ A dream is to a man what wings are to a bird.” Dreams are one of the most important keys to the successful life. So we should have our dreams.

First, if we have our own dreams, we’ll know what our dream is. Keep telling ourselves what we want. That means we will succeed easily in our life. Second, it is dream that gives us power and makes our lives colorful. We can’t study or work well without our dreams. Third, a dream helps us to grow up and teaches us how to control our lives. A dream can’t be realized in one day. A big dream has, in fact, many small dreams.

In a word, having our dreams is important to us, no matter how big or small they are. We will find there is no greater happiness than making our dreams come true. Where there is a will, there is a way. Work hard for our dreams, and our dream will come true.

随着生活水平的提高，人们可以开始重视自己生活质量。越来越多的人开始热衷于养宠物。可爱的小动物给他们带来了无穷的快乐；然而，对于那些不喜欢动物的来说，它们的存在会给生活添加很多烦恼。请结合此话题，写篇英语短文，谈谈你的看法，人该不该养动物，为什么？

KEEPING PETS

Nowadays, more and more people are fond of keeping pets because they can bring pleasure. But others don't think so. They think it’s terrible to do it. In my opinion, I think we should keep a pet.

First, keeping a pet can relax our mind. When you are tired of studying, playing with your pet makes you have good feelings, which is able to raise your study quality. Second, for old people, pets are like their children when they stay alone. A pet can make them feel less lonely. Third, keeping a pet can make your home safe when you are outside. For example, if you have a dog in your home, it will be able to stop the thieves entering your home.

b. Go down this street. Turn right / left at the first / second crossing. It’s about … meters from here.

19.问时间或星期、日期和应答 a.What day is (it) today? What’s the date today?

What time is it? What’s the time , please?

b. It’s Monday/Tuesday/ Wednesday/ Thursday/ Friday/ Saturday/

Sunday. It’s January 10th. It’s five o’clock / half past five / a quarter to five / five thirty, etc. It’s time for….

20.请求a. Can / Could you … for me ? Will / Would you please …? May I have …?

b. Please give / pass me … Please wait (here / a moment ). Please wait (for )your turn. Please stand in line/ line up. Please hurry. 21.建议和劝告 a. You’d better …. You should … You need (to) … b. Shall we ….? Let’s … What/ How about….?

22禁止和警告a. You can’t / mustn’t … If you …, you’ll …. b. Take care. Be careful! = Look out!

23. 表达感情 a. 喜悦（pleasure, joy ） I’m glad / pleased / happy to … That’s nice.

That’s wonderful / great.

b.焦虑What’s wrong? What’s the matter / trouble / problem (with you)? I’m / He’s / She’s worried. Oh, what shall I /we do? c.惊奇（surprise）Really? Oh, dear! Is that so?

24.就餐（taking meals）a. What would you like to have?

Would you like something to eat /drink?

b. I’d like … Would you like some more…? Help yourself to some … c. Thank you. I’ve had enough. Just a little, please. 25.约会 a. Are you free this afternoon/ evening?

How about tomorrow morning / afternoon /evening? Shall we meet at 4:30 at…?

b. Yes, that’s all right. Yes, I’ll be free then. c. No, I won’t be free then. But I’ll be free… d. All right. See you then. .

26.传递信息a. Will you please give this note / message to….? b. …asked me to give you this note. c. Thanks for the message.

27 看病a. There’s something wrong with ….? I’ve got a cough. I feel

terrible(bad) I’don’t feel well. I’ve got a pain here. This place hurts. b. Take this medicine three times a day. It’s nothing serious. You’ll be all right / well soon. 28.求助 a. Help! b. What’s the matter? 29.处理交际中的障碍

a. Pardon? Please say that again /more slowly. What do you mean by…?

1.英语书信的格式

1）称呼：对收信人的尊称 最常用的是Dear+名字，而Mr，Mrs，Miss后只能是姓或姓与名，比如：对John Smith的称呼，应该是Mr Smith，Mr John Smith或 Dear John. 2）信的正文要求文字简明达意，层次分明，内容全面。A 开头常用句：表示关心与询问： How is everything? I hope everything is all right. How are you? I often think of you. How have you been recently?

How are you getting along these days? I miss you very much. How are you getting on with your work/studies？

表示高兴：I was very happy to receive your letter .

表示感谢：Thank you for your letter/ photos. Thank you for writing to me. 表示抱歉：I am sorry that ….一般在表示道歉时，还要简述原因或写上安慰的话。I’m sorry I took so long to reply.

表示遗憾：I was sorry to hear that you didn’t do well in the exam. / I was so upset to hear that you are ill these days.

B 结尾常用一些祝愿、问候他人、盼回信的话语： With best wishes. Please write to me soon.

I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon. Thank you for an early reply. I’m afraid I have to stop now, but I’ll write to you again soon. Please send my best regards /remember me to your parents.

或者根据自己的日常安排进行反向邀请，如：Can you …? Would you like…? 3）结尾：发信人对收信人的谦称或敬语，放在信的右下方。

写给同龄人或年长的朋友： Yours sincerely，Sincerely yours，Yours等等。

写给好朋友： Love，With love， Best wishes等等。

写给亲戚：Love，With love，Your （ever） loving son（sister等等）。 4）署名：签名一般在结尾语的下面一行。 2.E-mail

考试中电子邮件类试题的要求一般都是只写正文，其写法比较简单，开头第一行写称呼，顶格写，称呼后面用逗号；正文部分从称呼下一行开始写起，从左边起空两格。正文后面是暑名，署名写在正文下一行或二行处，靠右写（同信件的暑名）。

3.RESUME I' m名字. I am 年龄 years old. 外貌（thin,fat ,tall,big eyes,round face..）I’m a Chinese middle school student. I' m glad to know that (you would like to have a e-pal .)I also want to (find a e-pal from the Internet.) When I' m free, I like to爱好. I'm good at 特长.We can learn from each other and be good friends. I hope to hear from you often. 4.NOTICE

套用格式：将来时1.活动名+will be held /组织者+ will have+活动名in地点at 时间on日期 或 There will be a/an...+地点+时间

2.活动内容 3.4.要求，注意事项Don’t forget.../You should... 5．Everyone/Each of … is welcome./If you are interested, welcome to join us. Be sure to attend on time./Don’t be late.

组织者 日期 5.WEATHER REPORT 将来时

Welcome to listen to the weather report for +the following

week/tomorrow.(Here’s the weather report for+地名)It’ll be +形容词/It’ll + 动词

/There will be+ 名词。The temperature will be...You should take/wear.../Don’t forget ...

That’s all for today.Thanks for watching today’s weather forecast. 6.Note 日期 请假条 Dear…,

I’m sorry to tell you that I can’t go to...Could I ask for 数 days’leave?Because 原因. I’ll.....as soon as possible.Thank you! Yours, 人名 留言条

日期 Dear...,

I came to meet you,but you were out/not in. I want to tell you that.../What about doing ...+时间/I hope that you can+内容.See you+时间 Yours, 人名

7.POSTER 正文部分要写清楚具体内容,活动时间,地点,规定,举办单位等.

There will be an/a...on+日期. It will be held in+地点.人物will +活动.It’s about.... Please bring...when you come.

8.DIARY提醒学生运用过去式,并要有自己的感想.熟练掌握星期，日期，天气的形容词等。 结尾句: I think we have made/should make a contribution to protecting our earth/environment. We had a good time today./We had a meaningful day!

Although we are tired,helping others in need is meaningful. I’ll never forget today.

应用文写作

51中 苏晶莹 各位老师：大家好！

让学生愉快地、充满自信地走进我的英语课堂，是我最大的愿望，让学生在我的英语课堂上享受快乐和成功是我孜孜以求的目标。多年来，我为实现自己的梦想和追求不懈地努力着。今天，借此平台，希望各位老师指导我的说课，使我更快的成长。

我说课的内容是应用文写作。主要从应用文体裁分析、教学策略、教学程序 、教学评价等方面作具体的阐述。 一、应用文体裁及写作要求

中考英语应用文应包括书信、E-mail、日记、通知、留言条、海报、天气预报、自我介绍等。

应用文总体写作要求是：格式正确，信息完整，语言简洁、精练，无语法及词语搭配错误，可读性强，不少于五句话，书写工整。应用文通常有一定的格式，而且不同类型的应用文，其格式也不相同，所以掌握一些应用文的格式并能熟练运用非常重要。 二、教学目标

[认知目标] 了解掌握应用文格式及写作方法。

[能力目标] 能够掌握应用文用语，按要求正确写作应用文。

[情感目标]学生敢于、乐于开口、动笔，积极参与交流。并让学生在学习的过程中，培养他们的合作意识和竞争意识。 三、教学策略

在教学中，我充分发挥教师的主导作用和学生的主体作用，发现学生在应用文写作上存在以下几个问题。1．畏难情绪重，不愿动笔2、基础薄弱，言不达意3. 语法错误多，内容不完整。基于学生存在的这些问题，在教学中，我注重降低应用文写作的难度，教给学生一些写作方法和技巧，让学生不拒绝写，敢于动笔写，乐于动笔写，逐渐能够写好，这样才能真正提高应用文写作的能力。 我在应用文写作教学上的几点尝试。 （一）、套用格式，规范要求

提供范文──也就是套写，在英语应用文写作教学中起着非常重要的作用。基于应用文的这个显著特点，每教学一种应用文体，就固定其格式，给与学生正确的导向，规范写作要求，引导学生获取完整信息。 （二）、小组合作，自主学习

集体的力量无穷大，鉴于学生的实际学习情况和能力，单靠个人学习较难完成教学目标。发动小组同学的集体讨论总结学习，师生间、学生间不断进行情感沟通和信息交流，智慧火花不断迸发，学生潜在的创造力得到激发，学生通过动手操作、探索交流进行学习，互批互改，真正成为了教学活动的积极参与者，英语应用文的学习也就变得简单而有趣。 四、教学程序

（一）Warm up 简单了解中考应用文种类，基本要求 T: How many forms do we usually use?

S: 书信、E-mail、日记、通知、留言条、海报、天气预报、自我介绍等。

T: So many kinds of forms .To get full marks is not easy for you .How to write them well?

S: 格式正确，信息完整，语言简洁、精练，无语法及词语搭配错误，可读性强，不少于五句话，书写工整

T: The forms may be easy for you . The more important is to find complete information.

T: The student could find out complete information but there are some mistake in it Can you find them ? I also found some mistakes in your compositions. Please correct them..

（二）通过 “语病门诊”让学生认识自己常犯的错误.

人称: Mr. Green work hard, she is the best officer in their office. 主谓一致: Reading books are my favorite . 习惯用法: He helps me in my English.

句子结构：We’ll have a basketball contest.The time is 1:00 on this Friday.The place is on the playground. 时态: One day,we go to the Sun Island.

T: Which tenses do you usually use to write them ? S: 海报 通知和天气预报用一般将来时….. T:How to get it better ? S：运用复合句

（三）通过真题演练,教师点拨,学生互评并总结，训练应用文写作

1.LETTER

在书信写作中，格式是我要求学生必背的内容。而平时的考试中，只要学生书信的书写格式正确，完整，就给予一定的分数，以激励学生的积极性。 英语书信的格式

1）称呼：对收信人的尊称

最常用的是Dear+名字，而Mr，Mrs，Miss后只能是姓或姓与名，比如：对John Smith的称呼，应该是Mr Smith，Mr John Smith或 Dear John.

2）信的正文要求文字简明达意，层次分明，内容全面。信件内容虽然不同，但正文开头的常用语句与结尾的某些常用语句还是有规律可循的。引导学生思考，小组讨论更多可用的句子，以下是学生讨论后老师协助总结的信件各个部分常用词句： 引导学生自己总结：A 开头常用句： 表示关心与询问： How is everything?

I hope everything is all right. How are you?

I often think of you. How have you been recently?

How are you getting along these days? I miss you very much. /How are you getting on with your work/studies？

表示高兴：I was very happy to receive your letter . 表示感谢：Thank you for your letter/ photos. Thank you for writing to me.

表示抱歉：I am sorry that …….一般在表示道歉时，还要简述原因或写上安慰的话。I’m sorry I took so long to reply.

表示遗憾：I was sorry to hear that you didn’t do well in the exam. / I was so upset to hear that you are ill these days.

B 结尾常用一些祝愿、问候他人、盼回信的话语： With best wishes. Please write to me soon.

I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon. Thank you for an early reply.

I’m afraid I have to stop now, but I’ll write to you again soon. Please send my best regards /remember me to your parents.

或者根据自己的日常安排进行反向邀请，如：Can you …? Would you like…? 3）结尾：发信人对收信人的谦称或敬语，放在信的右下方。 常用的英语书信结尾语如下：

写给同龄人或年长的朋友： Yours sincerely，Sincerely yours，Yours等等。 写给好朋友： Love，With love， Best wishes等等。

写给亲戚：Love，With love，Your （ever） loving son（sister等等）。 4）署名：签名一般在结尾语的下面一行。 例题：

假如你是李春，你的美国朋友John在上海世博会做志愿者。请根据他的来信内容写回信。 Dear li Chun,

I haven’t received a letter from you for a long time. How are you getting on with your study?

I’m very busy these days.I’m doing my best to serving in The World Exposition in 2010 Shanghai. There are so many visitors every day. Though I’m tired, I feel proud of myself. Well, good luck with your exams! Yours, John 2.E-mail

学生介绍电子邮件的写法

考试中电子邮件类试题的要求一般都是只写正文，其写法比较简单，开头第一行写称呼，顶格写，称呼后面用逗号；正文部分从称呼下一行开始写起，从左边起空两格。正文后面是暑名，署名写在正文下一行或二行处，靠右写（同信件的暑名）。

假如你是张辉，在网上看到Mary的交友信息，请回复e-mail，表示愿意成为对方的e-pal Hello, everyone! My name is Mary and I am from America. I am a middle school student in America. I like sports, music and reading. I also like skating. If you are interested, please contact me at Mary 5678@ hotmail.com

From:Zhang Hui 1234@126.com To: Mary 5678@ hotmail.com Subject: E-pal Dear Mary,

I' m Zhang Hui. I am 15 years old. I’m a Chinese middle school student. I' m glad to know that you would like to have a e-pal . I also want to find a e-pal from the Internet. When I' m free, I like to listen to the music, go hiking and play basketball. I'm good at English and art .We can learn from each other and be good friends. I hope to hear from you often. Yours, ZhangHui

3.告诉学生这份e-mail同时也是一个自我介绍。让学生总结自我介绍的常用句型。 My name is ...,I’m....years old. I live in... I want to be..when I grow up. I’m interested in/am fond of/enjoy doing...I hope/expect to make friends with you.

将学生分为两组分别写这两个应用文，然后交换互评并选取两个展示。 4.NOTICE

2010年市模拟题

假如你是学生会宣传委员李伟，请你根据外教Mark 老师刚刚给你的留言内容用英文写一篇通知，并告知同学们参加锻炼，为运动会做好准备。

Dear Li Wei, I’m very glad to tell you that our school will hold a sports meeting in half a month.Please put the notice up this afternoon.You can get more information in the P.S.(附言). Yours, Mark P.S. This is the information about the sports meeting. Place Time School playground 8:00 a.m.-3:00p.m. What to do To design a special flag for your class NOTICE

Our school is going to hold a sports meeting on May 10th._______________ ___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

套用格式：将来时1.活动名+will be held /组织者+ will have+活动名in地点at 时间on日期 或 There will be a/an...+地点+时间

2.活动内容 3.4.要求，注意事项Don’t forget.../You should... 5．Everyone/Each of … is welcome./If you are interested, welcome to join us. Be sure to attend on time./Don’t be late.

组织者 日期

5.WEATHER REPORT 将来时

Welcome to listen to the weather report for +the following week/tomorrow. (Here’s the weather report for+地名)It’ll be +形容词/It’ll + 动词/There will be+ 名词。The temperature will be...You should take/wear.../Don’t forget ... That’s all for today.Thanks for watching today’s weather forecast.

6.Note 日期 请假条 Dear…,

I’m sorry to tell you that I can’t go to...Could I ask for 数 days’leave?Because 原因. I’ll.....as soon as possible.Thank you! Yours, 人名 留言条

日期

Dear...,

I came to meet you,but you were out/not in. I want to tell you that.../What about doing ...+时间/I hope that you can+内容.See you+时间 Yours, 人名

2010年区一模 假如你叫Mike,今天是四月一日,你去好友Jim家想告诉他学校学生会即将举行英语演讲比赛.可是你去他家他不在,请你根据比赛的海报给Jim写一张留言条,告诉Jim 你希望他明天上午九点道学校,然后一同去报名比赛.

POSTER What: An English speech contest Subject: How to Protect the Earth Where: The shool meeting room When: Next Sunday The Student Union March 31st ____________1st Dear Jim,

I came to meet you,but you were out._____________________________ ______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

Yours, Mike

仍是两组学生分别写这两个应用文，然后交换互评并选取两个展示。 7.Poster

正文部分要写清楚具体内容,活动时间,地点,规定,举办单位等.

学生会要举办一次英语讲座(lecture),下面表格为这次讲座的相关信息.请仔细阅读,并为这次英语讲座写一则海报。

Title Place Time The difference between Britain and American The school hall June 28,2010 SpeakeMr.White from America r Advice Bring your notebooks

POSTER Friendly schoolmates,

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

All are welcome!

The Students’Union June 2nd,2010

There will be an/a...on+日期. It will be held in+地点.人物will +活动.It’s about.... Please bring...when you come. 8.Diary

学生说出日记的格式，日期，星期及天气的形容词。 提醒学生运用过去式,并要有自己的感想.

根据提示写日记,记录3月12日你们学校植树的事.

Meeting time and place 7:30,the school gate How to go Thing done Feeling Walk Plant 200 trees Tired,happy

______________,Thursday Sunny

Today is Tree Planting Day._________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

结尾句: I think we have made/should make a contribution to protecting our earth/environment.

We had a good time today./We had a meaningful day! Although we are tired,helping others in need is meaningful. I’ll never forget today.

Sum up 让学生总结进一步巩固知识并熟练掌握如何增强文章可读性. Homework 写一篇关于今天的英语课的日记 板书

Practical Writing

1. Forms: letter, e-mail, resume, diary , poster, notice, note, weather forecast. 2. How to write them well? 四、说教学评价

整节课为了达到训练应用文的目的， 我主要通过师生互动，学生互助,充分激发学生学习英语的兴趣，培养英语学习的积极态度，把情感、态度与价值观目标的实现融合在知识与能力、过程与方法目标实现的过程之中，学生能够掌握写作应用文的技巧。

苏霍姆林斯基说过：没有也不可能有抽象的学生。因此，我们要鼓励孩子们，让他们知道―English, I can‖. That’s all. Thank you!

Exercise Paper 1.Letter

假如你是李春，你的美国朋友John在上海世博会做志愿者。请根据他的来信内容写回信。

Dear li Chun,

I haven’t received a letter from you for a long time. How are you getting on with your study?

I’m very busy these days.I’m doing my best to serving in The World Exposition in 2010 Shanghai. There are so many visitors every day. Though I’m tired, I feel proud of myself. Well, good luck with your exams! Yours, John Dear

John,________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________ 2.E-mail

假如你是张辉,在网上看到Mary的交友信息，请回复e-mail表示愿意成为对方的e-pal Hello, everyone! My name is Mary and I am from America. I am a middle school student in America. I like sports, music and reading. I also like skating. If you are interested, please contact me at Mary 5678@ hotmail.com

From:Zhang Hui 1234@126.com To: Mary 5678@ hotmail.com Subject: E-pal Dear Mary,

I' m __________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ Yours, ZhangHui

3. NOTICE 2010年市模拟题

假如你是学生会宣传委员李伟，请你根据外教Mark 老师刚刚给你的留言内容用英文写一篇通知，并告知同学们参加锻炼，为运动会做好准备。

Dear Li Wei, I’m very glad to tell you that our school will hold a sports meeting in half a month.Please put the notice up this afternoon.You can get more information in the P.S.(附言). Yours, Mark P.S. This is the information about the sports meeting. Place Time School playground 8:00 a.m.-3:00p.m. What to do To design a special flag for your class NOTICE

Our school is going to hold a sports meeting on May 10th._______________ ___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________ 4.Note

2010年区一模 假如你叫Mike,今天是四月一日,你去好友Jim家想告诉他学校学生会将举行英语演讲比赛.可是你去他家他不在,请你根据比赛的海报给Jim写一张留言条,告诉Jim 你希望他明天上午九点道学校,然后一同去报名比赛.

POSTER What: An English speech contest Subject: How to Protect the Earth Where: The shool meeting room When: Next Sunday The Student Union March 31st ____________1st Dear Jim,

I came to meet you,but you were out._____________________________ ______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

Yours, Mike 5.Weather Report

Area Moring Afternoon Temperature Doctor’s HarbiClear, n Cloudy 18℃-20℃ Advice

Drink a lot of water light breeze

WEATHER REPORT

Here’s the weather report for____________________________________ __________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

6.Poster学生会要举办一次英语讲座(lecture),下面表格为这次讲座的相关信息.请仔细阅读,并为这次英语讲座写一则海报。

Title Place Time The difference between Britain and American The school hall June 28,2010 SpeakeMr.White from America r Advice Bring your notebooks

POSTER Friendly schoolmates,

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

All are welcome!

The Students’Union June 2nd,2010 7.日记

根据提示写日记,记录3月12日你们学校植树的事.

Meeting time and place 7:30,the school gate How to go Thing done Feeling Walk Plant 200 trees Tired,happy

______________,Thursday Sunny

Today is Tree Planting Day._____________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________ 51中 苏晶莹 各位老师：大家好！

让学生愉快地、充满自信地走进我的英语课堂，是我最大的愿望，让学生在我的英语课堂上享受快乐和成功是我孜孜以求的目标。多年来，我为实现自己的梦想和追求不懈地努力着。今天，借此平台，希望各位老师指导我的说课，使我更快的成长。

我说课的内容是应用文写作。主要从应用文体裁分析、教学策略、教学程序 、教学评价等方面作具体的阐述。 一、应用文体裁及写作要求

中考英语应用文应包括书信、E-mail、日记、通知、留言条、海报、天气预报、自我介绍等。

应用文总体写作要求是：格式正确，信息完整，语言简洁、精练，无语法及词语搭配错误，可读性强，不少于五句话，书写工整。应用文通常有一定的格式，而且不同类型的应用文，其格式也不相同，所以掌握一些应用文的格式并能熟练运用非常重要。 二、教学目标

[认知目标] 了解掌握应用文格式及写作方法。

[能力目标] 能够掌握应用文用语，按要求正确写作应用文。

[情感目标]学生敢于、乐于开口、动笔，积极参与交流。并让学生在学习的过程中，培养他们的合作意识和竞争意识。 三、教学策略

在教学中，我充分发挥教师的主导作用和学生的主体作用，发现学生在应用文写作上存在以下几个问题。1．畏难情绪重，不愿动笔2、基础薄弱，言不达意3. 语法错误多，内容不完整。基于学生存在的这些问题，在教学中，我注重降低应用文写作的难度，教给学生一些写作方法和技巧，让学生不拒绝写，敢于动笔写，乐于动笔写，逐渐能够写好，这样才能真正提高应用文写作的能力。 我在应用文写作教学上的几点尝试。 （一）、套用格式，规范要求

提供范文──也就是套写，在英语应用文写作教学中起着非常重要的作用。基于应用文的这个显著特点，每教学一种应用文体，就固定其格式，给与学生正确的导向，规范写作要求，引导学生获取完整信息。 （二）、小组合作，自主学习

集体的力量无穷大，鉴于学生的实际学习情况和能力，单靠个人学习较难完成教学目标。发动小组同学的集体讨论总结学习，师生间、学生间不断进行情感沟通和信息交流，智慧火花不断迸发，学生潜在的创造力得到激发，学生通过动手操作、探索交流进行学习，互批互改，真正成为了教学活动的积极参与者，英语应用文的学习也就变得简单而有趣。

四、教学程序

（一）Warm up 简单了解中考应用文种类，基本要求 T: How many forms do we usually use?

S: 书信、E-mail、日记、通知、留言条、海报、天气预报、自我介绍等。

T: So many kinds of forms .To get full marks is not easy for you .How to write them well?

S: 格式正确，信息完整，语言简洁、精练，无语法及词语搭配错误，可读性强，不少于五句话，书写工整

T: The forms may be easy for you . The more important is to find complete information.

T: The student could find out complete information but there are some mistake in it Can you find them ? I also found some mistakes in your compositions. Please correct them..

（二）通过 “语病门诊”让学生认识自己常犯的错误.

人称: Mr. Green work hard, she is the best officer in their office. 主谓一致: Reading books are my favorite . 习惯用法: He helps me in my English.

句子结构：We’ll have a basketball contest.The time is 1:00 on this Friday.The place is on the playground. 时态: One day,we go to the Sun Island.

T: Which tenses do you usually use to write them ? S: 海报 通知和天气预报用一般将来时….. T:How to get it better ?

S：运用复合句

（三）通过真题演练,教师点拨,学生互评并总结，训练应用文写作

1.LETTER

在书信写作中，格式是我要求学生必背的内容。而平时的考试中，只要学生书信的书写格式正确，完整，就给予一定的分数，以激励学生的积极性。 英语书信的格式

1）称呼：对收信人的尊称

最常用的是Dear+名字，而Mr，Mrs，Miss后只能是姓或姓与名，比如：对John Smith的称呼，应该是Mr Smith，Mr John Smith或 Dear John.

2）信的正文要求文字简明达意，层次分明，内容全面。信件内容虽然不同，但正文开头的常用语句与结尾的某些常用语句还是有规律可循的。引导学生思考，小组讨论更多可用的句子，以下是学生讨论后老师协助总结的信件各个部分常用词句： 引导学生自己总结：A 开头常用句： 表示关心与询问： How is everything?

I hope everything is all right. How are you?

I often think of you. How have you been recently?

How are you getting along these days? I miss you very much. /How are you getting on with your work/studies？

表示高兴：I was very happy to receive your letter . 表示感谢：Thank you for your letter/ photos.

Thank you for writing to me.

表示抱歉：I am sorry that …….一般在表示道歉时，还要简述原因或写上安慰的话。I’m sorry I took so long to reply.

表示遗憾：I was sorry to hear that you didn’t do well in the exam. / I was so upset to hear that you are ill these days.

B 结尾常用一些祝愿、问候他人、盼回信的话语： With best wishes. Please write to me soon.

I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon. Thank you for an early reply.

I’m afraid I have to stop now, but I’ll write to you again soon. Please send my best regards /remember me to your parents.

或者根据自己的日常安排进行反向邀请，如：Can you …? Would you like…? 3）结尾：发信人对收信人的谦称或敬语，放在信的右下方。 常用的英语书信结尾语如下：

写给同龄人或年长的朋友： Yours sincerely，Sincerely yours，Yours等等。 写给好朋友： Love，With love， Best wishes等等。

写给亲戚：Love，With love，Your （ever） loving son（sister等等）。 4）署名：签名一般在结尾语的下面一行。 例题：

假如你是李春，你的美国朋友John在上海世博会做志愿者。请根据他的来信内容写回信。 Dear li Chun,

I haven’t received a letter from you for a long time. How are you getting on with your study?

I’m very busy these days.I’m doing my best to serving in The World Exposition in 2010 Shanghai. There are so many visitors every day. Though I’m tired, I feel proud of myself. Well, good luck with your exams! Yours, John 2.E-mail

学生介绍电子邮件的写法

考试中电子邮件类试题的要求一般都是只写正文，其写法比较简单，开头第一行写称呼，顶格写，称呼后面用逗号；正文部分从称呼下一行开始写起，从左边起空两格。正文后面是暑名，署名写在正文下一行或二行处，靠右写（同信件的暑名）。

假如你是张辉，在网上看到Mary的交友信息，请回复e-mail，表示愿意成为对方的e-pal Hello, everyone! My name is Mary and I am from America. I am a middle school student in America. I like sports, music and reading. I also like skating. If you are interested, please contact me at Mary 5678@ hotmail.com

From:Zhang Hui 1234@126.com To: Mary 5678@ hotmail.com Subject: E-pal Dear Mary,

I' m Zhang Hui. I am 15 years old. I’m a Chinese middle school student. I' m glad to know that you would like to have a e-pal . I also want to find a e-pal from the Internet. When I' m free, I like to listen to the music, go hiking and play basketball. I'm good at English and art .We can learn from each other and be good friends. I hope to hear from you often. Yours,

ZhangHui

3.告诉学生这份e-mail同时也是一个自我介绍。让学生总结自我介绍的常用句型。 My name is ...,I’m....years old. I live in... I want to be..when I grow up. I’m interested in/am fond of/enjoy doing...I hope/expect to make friends with you.

将学生分为两组分别写这两个应用文，然后交换互评并选取两个展示。 4.NOTICE 2010年市模拟题

假如你是学生会宣传委员李伟，请你根据外教Mark 老师刚刚给你的留言内容用英文写一篇通知，并告知同学们参加锻炼，为运动会做好准备。

Dear Li Wei, I’m very glad to tell you that our school will hold a sports meeting in half a month.Please put the notice up this afternoon.You can get more information in the P.S.(附言). Yours, Mark P.S. This is the information about the sports meeting. Place Time School playground 8:00 a.m.-3:00p.m. What to do To design a special flag for your class NOTICE

Our school is going to hold a sports meeting on May 10th._______________

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