四川省宜宾市一中2018-2019学年高中英语上学期第一周周训

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四川省宜宾市一中2018-2019学年高中英语上学期第一周周训练

英语句子成分

主语，谓语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，直接宾语，间接宾语，宾语补足语，同位语

一．主语：可以作主语的成分有名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！如： Students study. We are students.

这两句话中Students是名词，We是代词，它们在句中做主语。 练习: 指出下面句子中的主语。

1.I don’t like the picture on the wall. 2.Tom didn’t do his homework yesterday. 3.Walking after supper is good for your health.

注：由一个句子充当主语叫主语从句。如：What you need is more practice.其中what you need 是主语从句。

练习：1. Whoever wants it may have it.

2. Whether he will join us won’t make much difference.

二．谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。如：I have two elder sisters.

She doesn’t like swimming. 其中have和doesn’t like是谓语形式。 练习：指出下面句子中的谓语。 1． I really want a cup of tea. 2. Mr Smith teaches English very well. 3. I made Tom monitor.

三．宾语：宾语位于及物动词之后，代词必须是‘代词宾格’，如：me，him，them等。除了代词宾格可以作宾语外，名词、动名词、不定式等可以作宾语。 如： I play with him.

The painter painted a nice picture.

其中him是代词，picture是名词，它们在句中做宾语。 练习：指出下面句中的宾语。 1. Listen to the radio.

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2. Can you hear anything exciting? 3. What did he see?

注：用一个句子充当宾语叫宾语从句。

练习：1.He told me that he would go to the college next year. 2. I don’t know if there will be a bus any more. 注：1. 只有及物动词或介词才有宾语，不及物动词没有宾语。 2. 常用it 做形式宾语，而将实际的宾语移到后面去。如： I found it rather difficult to do the job.

四．表语：说明主语的状态、性质等。可为形容词、副词、名词、代词、不定式、分词。表语跟在be动词、感官动词等系动词后面构成主系表结构。常见系动词有look, taste, smell, sound, feel, seem, turn, get, keep, become等。如： The table is long. Time is money. The cake tastes nice. 其中long, money, nice是表语。 练习：指出下面句中的表语。

1. He became a doctor after he left high school. 2. The baby is asleep. 3. His idea sounds reasonable. 注：一个句子充当表语叫表语从句。

练习：1. The fact is that he hasn’t yet recover from illness. 2. The reason why he has to go is that his mother is ill in bed.

五．定语：定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。若修饰some, any, every, no构成的复合不定代词时，

（如：something、nothing）；或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时，则定语通常置后。副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。如： This is a red sun.

Experience is the best teacher. 其中red 和the best是定语。

注：1.单词做定语时一般放在被修饰的名词前面，而且有一定的次序：限定词，观点，形状，年龄，颜色，国籍，材料，用途

2.定语还可以用从句充当，但要放在被修饰的名词后面。如：

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This is the day that I can never forget in my life. 其中that I can never forget in my life是定语从句。 练习：指出下面句中的定语。

1. Three thousand people watched the game. 2.There is a swimming pool near our school. 3. Many men are working there.

4. The factory which we visited last week was not far from here.

六．状语：状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等状语在句子中的位置很灵活，常见情况为：通常在句子基本结构之后，强调时放在句首；修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前；表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首，地点状语一般须在时间状语之前；一些表示不确定时间（如：

often）或程度（如：almost）的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。如：

I often write to him. The bag is too heavy. They don’t swim very well.

Home never looks so good as when you come back from getting away from it. 其中often, too, well, when you come back from getting away from it是状语。 练习：指出下面句中的状语。

1. The monkey in the cage was caught yesterday. 2. The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill. 3. You will find it useful after you leave school. 注：一个句子充当状语叫做状语从句。

练习：1. When the clock struck twelve, all the nights went out. 2. I was waiting till he arrived.

3. I have never been to America, therefore I don’t know much about it. 七．直接宾语和间接宾语：有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，如：give给，pass递，bring带，show显示。这两个宾语通常一个指人，为间接宾语；一个指物，为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。一般的顺序为：动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语。如: Give me a cup of tea, please.强调间接宾语顺序为：动词 + 直接宾语 + to + 间接宾语。:Show this house to Mr.Smith.

练习：1. Please make me a kite. 2. He often gives her some help.

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八．宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系，它们一起构成复合宾语。如：

The war made him a soldier. New methods make the job easy. 其中a soldier, easy是宾语补足语。 练习：1. I tried my best to make him happy. 2. Let him in, I will tell you.

3. He let the smaller animals bring food to him. 4. I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.

九．同位语：同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分。如：

We students should study hard. We all are students.

其中students和all是同位语。

练习：They are going to Melbourne, the beautiful city in southern Australia. 注：用从句充当同位语，叫做同位语从句。如： We heard the news that our team had won.

其中that our team had won为同位语从句。

练习：1.They were worried over the fact that you were sick.

2. I have come to the conclusion that it was unwise to do that.

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