大学英语四级考前恶补--语法词汇(142页)

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大学英语四级考前恶补--语法词汇 Test One

集体名词做主语主谓一致 1)通常作复数的集体名词

集体名词，如：police, people,cattle,militia,poultry等，通常作复数，用复数动词。如： Domestic cattle provide us with milk, beef and hides. 2)通常作不可数名词的集体名词

有些集体名词如foliage,machinery,equipment,furniture,merchandise,通常作不可数名词，随后的动词用单数。例如：All the machinery in the factory is made in China. 3)既可作单数也可作复数的集体名词

集体名词，如audience, committee, class, crew, family, public, government等，既可作单数，也可作复数用。

The city council is meeting to set its agenda. 4) a committee, etc. of +复数名词

如果主语是由“a committee of /a panel of /a board of +复数名词”构成，随后的动词通常用单数。例如：

A committee of five men and three women is to consider the matter.

近义词辨析

tired, exhausted, fatigued, weary, wornout 这组词均含有“疲惫的”的意思。

tired可指因体力或脑力消耗太多而需要休息，还可指因长期做某事而失去兴趣。

Henry was so tired that he went to bed immediately after he got home.亨利很疲惫，一到家就上床睡觉去了。 Exhausted

表达的疲惫程度最强，指因劳累过度而精疲力竭。

The exhausted engineer fell asleep on the bus.精疲力竭的工程师在公共汽车上睡着了。 Fatigued

所表达的疲劳程度比tired和weary强，表示由于过度劳累而引起疲乏，不能再继续下去。

He felt fatigued and didn’t want to say a single word.他疲惫不堪，不想说一句话。 weary

语气比tired强，指由于长时间努力工作或由于做单一的事而引起疲倦。

After a long and weary wait, the plane finally came to take them back.经过漫长而又令人疲乏的等待后，飞机终于来接他们回去了。 Worn out

这个词不太正式，多用于口语。

The troops were wornout after winning the battle.战后,部队疲惫不堪。

全真模拟试题

1. Although ______ Spanish, he attended the course. A. he was knowing B. he is knowing C. having a knowledge of D. knows

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2. You ______that letter to James. However, you didn’t. A. ought to write B. ought to have written C. should write D. should be writing

3. Joseph was very lucky ______ with his life; he almost did not get out of the room. A. to escape B. to have escaped C. to escaping D. to be escaping

4. Bread and butter ______liked by Westerners. A. is B. are C. were D. be

5. The back garden of our house contains a lawn, ______ very pleasant to sit on in summer.

A. which is B. which it is C. it is D. where it is

6. He set up in business ______ his own and was very successful. A. in B. of C. on D. by

7. John’s score on the test is the highest in the class; he ______ last night. A. must study B. should have studied C. must have studied D. is sure to study

8. Frank almost never received any education, ______? A. would he B. did he

C. didn’t he D. wouldn’t he

9. Even if his letter ______ tomorrow, it ______ too late to do anything. A. will arrive...is B. should arrive...were C. arrives...will be D. arrives...would be

10. We can hear ______from the back of the room. A. just as good B. just as easy  C. just as well D. easily as well

11. To obtain a satisfactory result, one must apply two ______ of paint on a clean surface.

A. coats B. levels C. times D. courses

12. The small mountain village was ______ by the snow for more than one month. A. cut back B. cut out C. cut off D. cut away

13. Miss Green was ______ $100 for driving after drinking.

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A. fined B. charged C. punished D. posed

14. Modern ______ perhaps causes more problems than it solves. A. technique B. technology C. tactics D. tendency

15. Mary tiptoed over and took the clock away because she hated to hear it ______ when she was trying to go to sleep.

A. sounding B. ringing C. ticking D. humming

16. Under this ______ pressure some of the rocks even became liquid.

A. intensive B. weighty C. intense D. bulky

17. Of course, most immigrants did not get rich overnight, but the ______ of them were eventually able to improve upon their former standard of living. A. maximum B. minority C. majority D. minimum

18. Nancy was surprised that they have ______. They seemed to be a happy couple. A. split up B. broken down  C. fallen through D. knocked out

19. The beach is in an ideal ______ to draw tourists. A. condition B. situation C. state D. publicity

20. Our ______ sensitivity decreases with age. By age

60, most people have lost 40 percent of their ability to smell and 50 percent of their taste buds. A. sensible B. senseless  C. sensitive D. sensory

21. The eldest child is thoroughly ______ because they always give him whatever he wants. A. wasted B. spoiled

C. destroyed D. uneducated

22. If a substance is dissolved in water or heated, it may ______ a gas. A. give into B. give over C. give off D. give away

23. His manner was so pleasant that Bolla felt at ______ with him at once. A. peace B. large C. ease D. best

24. —Can you take the day off tomorrow?

—Well, I’ll have to get ______ from my boss.

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A. permission B. permit C. allowance D. possession

25. The ______ in Janet’s character has hindered her from advancement in her career. A. weakness B. merit C. defect D. shortcoming 

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试题答案与解析

1. C) 【句意】虽然只懂一点西班牙语，但他还是参加了这个课程的学习。

【难点】know是静态动词，不能用于进行时；选knows从句中又缺少主语。knowledge作“知识”讲时是不可数名词，但作“了解”讲时，前面可加“a”，常用于词组have a knowledge of中，所以选C)。

2. B) 【句意】你本应该给詹姆斯写信，然而，你没写。

【难点】ought to have written是虚拟语气，与本句句意相符。 3. B) 【句意】约瑟夫幸运地逃了性命；他险些没从房间里逃出来。

【难点】to have escaped 是不定式的完成式，表示过去的某一动作业已完成。 4. A) 【句意】黄油面包受西方人青睐。

【难点】bread and butter 是西方人吃的一种食品，虽然有三个字，表达的却是一个东西，并且是不可数名词，作单数。

5. A) 【句意】我家的后花园有一片草坪，夏天坐在上面会令你心旷神怡。

【难点】which引出非限制性定语从句，在句中作主语，且和sit on 构成动宾关系。类似的句子有：This room is comfortable to live in 这句中live in 和this room构成动宾关系。 6. C) 【句意】他独自一人开始经商，并且做得很成功。 【难点】on one’s own 是个常用的介词词组，意为“独自”；of one’s own表示“某人自己的(东西)”，如：I have a flat of my own.我自己有套房子。

7. C) 【句意】约翰的考试分数全班最高；他昨天晚上一定学习了。

【难点】表示对过去某一动作行为的猜测须要用must have done这一句型结构。 8. B) 【句意】弗兰克几乎从未受过任何教育，是不是?

【难点】这是一句含有否定副词never的一般过去时的句子，由于主句为否定形式，所以反意问句用肯定形式。

9. C) 【句意】即使他的信明天到也无济于事了。

【难点】在条件句中表示现在将来的时间，需要用一般现在时，主句中使用将来时。 10. C) 【句意】我们在房间的后面也能听得很清楚。 【难点】as well意为“(程度)同样地好”，是副词短语修饰动词hear；just表示程度，意为“刚好”。

11. A) 【句意】为获得一个满意的结果，你必须在一个干净的表面上涂两层油漆。 【难点】coat意为“覆盖物，层”;level意为“(建筑物)楼层”;times意 为“次，回”;courses意为“(一层)砖面；一排”。 12. C) 【句意】这个小山村被大雪封住达一个多月。

【难点】cut back意为“削减；缩减”;cut out意为“停止；切下”;cut

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off意为“切断；使隔断”;cut away意为“切除；砍掉”。 13. A) 【句意】格林小姐因酒后驾车被罚100美元。

【难点】fine意为“处?以罚金”;charge意为“要(价)，收(费)，要(人)支付(钱)”;punish意为“罚，惩罚”;pose意为“造成，引起(困难)”。

14. B) 【句意】现代技术所引发的问题也许比它所能解决的要多。

【难点】technique意为“技法；具体的技术”;technology意为“工业技术”;tactics意为“战术，兵法，策略”；tendency意为“倾向”。

15. C) 【句意】玛丽蹑手蹑脚走过来把钟拿走了，因为她讨厌在自己想睡觉的时候听它滴哒地响。

【难点】sound意为“作声，发声，响”;ring意为“鸣，发出清脆响亮的声音”;tick意为“发出滴哒声”;hum意为“发连续低沉的声音(如蜜蜂、马达的嗡嗡声)”。 16. C) 【句意】在这种强大的压力下，一些岩石甚至变成了液体。 【难点】intensive意为“加强的；集中的”;weighty意为“沉重的；笨 重的”;intense意为“强烈的，剧烈的”;bulky意为“庞大的；粗壮的”。

17. C) 【句意】当然，大多数移民不是一夜之间就发财的，但是他们大多最终改善了自己的生活水平。

【难点】maximum意为“最大限量；最高点”;minority意为“少数，半数以下”;majority意为“大多数”;minimum意为“最低限度，最低点”。

18. A) 【句意】南希对他们的离婚表示十分惊讶，因为他们似乎是一对快乐的夫妇。 【难点】split up意为“分裂，离婚”;break down意为“(精神方面)垮

掉；(健康)变得衰弱；崩溃”;fall through意为“失败；成为泡影”;knock out意为“使筋疲力尽”。

19. B) 【句意】这片海滩所处位置理想，吸引了很多游客。

【难点】condition意为“状况；形势”;situation意为“位置，地点， 环境”;state意为“状态，情形”;publicity意为“公众的注意，名声”。 20. D) 【句意】我们的感官能力随着年龄的增 长而下降。比如说，到60岁的时候，多数人失去了他们40%的嗅觉能力和50%的味觉能力。

【难点】sensible意为“明智的，合情理的”;senseless意为“失去知觉的，不省人事的”;sensitive意为“敏感的”;sensory意为“感觉的，传递感觉的”。

21. B) 【句意】他们的大孩子被彻底宠坏了，因为他要什么，他们就给什么。

【难点】waste意为“使衰弱；使消瘦”;spoil意为“宠坏，溺爱”;destroy意为“破坏；毁灭”;uneducated意为“未受(良好)教育的”。

22. C) 【句意】如果一种物质溶解在水里或被加热，它可能释放出一种气体。 【难点】give into为非固定搭配；give over意为“托付，交托”；give off意为“散发”；give away意为“送掉，分发(奖品)等”。

23. C) 【句意】他那平易近人的风度使得博拉立刻放松了情绪。

【难点】at peace意为“和平地”;at large意为“自由地；大体地”;at ease意为“不拘束”;at best意为“至多”。

24. A) 【句意】——你明天能休一天吗? ——呵，我要征得老板的允许。 【难点】permission意为“允许”；permit意为“许可证”；allowance意为“津贴”；possession意为“拥有”。

25. C) 【句意】詹妮特的性格缺陷阻碍了她事业进步。

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【难点】weakness意为“弱点；嗜好”;merit意为“优点，长处”;defect意为“缺点，缺陷”;shortcoming意为“缺点，短处”。

Test Two

关于used to的意义和用法

used to (只有过去时形式，没有现在时形式)表示过去习惯动作或状态，这种情况现已不复存在。例如：

He used to smoke a lot, but he has long given up smoking.

在否定陈述句或否定疑问句中，用didn’t use to或usedn’t to均可： He didn’t use to smoke cigarettes. He usedn’t to smoke cigarettes.

Didn’t Maria use to be interested in the theatre? Usedn’t Maria to be interested in the theatre? 在肯定疑问句中也可有两种形式：

Used you to go to the same school as Edward?

Did you use to go to the same school as Edward? 近义词辨析

use, apply, avail, employ, utilize

这组词均含有“使用”或“利用”之意。 use强调利用人或物作为工具。

He used up all his resources in experimenting with the new paint.他为实验新的涂料，花光了一切钱财。

Apply 指把某物或某种方法、原理等加以应用。

We should not only know the theory but also know how to apply it to practice.我们不仅要知道理论，还要知道怎样把理论应用于实践。

avail指使用就近的或他人给予的东西，或使别人为自己提供服务。

I don’t think complaints will avail you much.我觉得抱怨对你没多大用处。

We avail ourselves of every opportunity to speak English.我们利用一切机会讲英语。 employ指使用未被利用的东西；用于人时表示雇用。

He doesn’t know how to employ his energy and time.他不知道该怎么利用他的精力和时间。

utilize指充分发挥某物的作用，使无用的东西变有用，或使人或物有新用途。 She hopes to utilize her artistic talents in the job.她希望在工作中发挥她的艺术才能。 全真模拟试题

1. My pain ______ apparent the moment I walked into the room, for the first man I met asked sympathetically: “Are you feeling all right?”A. must be B. must have been C. had been D. had to be

2. It is only when you nearly lose someone ______ fully conscious of how much you value him.

A. do you become B. then you become C. that you become D. have you become

3. Just as the soil is a part of the earth, ______ the atmosphere.

A. as it is B. so is C. the same as D. and so is

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4. While driving along the treacherous road, ______. A. my right rear tyre blew out  B. my right rear tyre had a blowout 

C. I had a blownout on my right rear tyre  D. I had my right rear tyre blowout

5. Jean Wagner’s most enduring contribution to the study of AfroAmerican poetry is his insistence that it ______ in a religious, as well as worldly, frame of reference. A. is to be analysed B. has been analysed  C. be analysed D. should have been analysed

6.______ there is little we can do to modify the weather, we can at least know what kind of weather to expect.

A. Since B. When C. While D. Unless

7. This organization brought Western artists together in the hope of making more of an impact on the art community ______ any of them could individually and to promote Western art by women.

A. rather than B. rather C. than D. other than

8. But the Swiss discovered long years ago that constant warfare brought them ______ suffering and poverty.

A. anything but B. nothing but  C. none other than D. no more than

9. After ______ seemed an endless wait, it was her turn to step into the doctor’s office. A. it B. that C. what D. which

10. The board deemed it’s urgent that these files ______ right away.

A. had to be printed B. should have been printed  C. must be printed D. should be printed

11. His answer was so confused that I could hardly make any ______ of it at all. A. explanation B. meaning C. sense D. interpretation

12. You should have your eyes tested every year in case the ______ of your spectacles need changing.

A. lenses B. glasses C. sights D. crystals

13. The school committee hoped that their choice of play would be ______ with the students and their parents.

A. recognized B. popular C. favorable D. fascinated

14. By cutting down trees we ______ the natural home of birds and animals. A. harm B. hurt C. injure D. damage

15. Mr. Robinson knew that the most trivial chore could prove to be a ______ if approached with enthusiasm.

A. prize B. reward C. refund D. bonus

16. The trade unions in this industry are ______ any reduction in wages. A. objecting against B. opposed to 

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C. reacted to D. resisting against

17. She was teaching me ______ you would teach a younger child to speak the language. A. the way B.in the way C. a way D. to the way

18. The Brownings have not ______ yet and I doubt whether they will come. A turned in B. turned out C. turned up D. turned to

19. We went on a(n) ______ to the mountain yesterday. A. excursion B. trip C. tour D. travel

20. When Sarah and I ______ on an article for the school newspaper, we found it difficult to work together.

A. compiled B. gathered  C. collaborated D. collected

21. Beth could ______ her coat because it had large red buttons.

A. recognize B. prove C. define D. claim

22. Postal ______ are determined by the class and weight of the parcel mailed. A. taxes B. payment C. fees D. premium

23. My father is so deaf that he has to use a hearing ______. A. help B. aid C. support D. tool

24. On New Year’s Eve, there will be a firework ______ at People’s Square.

A. display B. performance C. show D. exhibition

25. The ______ of beer and alcohol in New Zealand is very high. A. consumption B. use C. drink D. absorption

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试题答案与解析

1. B) 【句意】我刚一走进房间时一定表现得很痛苦，因为我遇到的第一个人同情地问我：“你没事吧?”

【难点】must与完成时不定式连用往往表示对过去发生的事情的主观推测，常译成“一定是?”。

2. C) 【句意】只有当你快要失去什么人时，你才充分意识到他对你是多么重要。 【难点】该句是一个典型的强调句式，即It is...that...。 

3. B) 【句意】正像土壤是地球的一部分，大气层也是。

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【难点】Just as...，so...为一固定结构，意为“正如?，?也?”。 

4. C) 【句意】当我在险峻的山路上驾车急驰 时，车的右后胎爆了。

【难点】此句为一个带有时间状语从句的主从复合句。在英语中，由while, when等引导的时间状语从句，如果其主语与主句中的主语相同，从句中的主语可以省略，而只剩下分词短语。驾车的应该是人，所以只能从C)和D)选，而D)的意义不符，所以选C)。 

5. C) 【句意】杰恩·瓦格那对亚非诗歌最永恒的贡献是他坚持认为，这类诗歌除用凡俗的参考框架，还应用宗教的参考框架进行研究。

【难点】insistence是个从insist派生来的名词，二者后面分别接同位语从句和宾语从句，句中皆应使用虚拟形式，即should+动词原形或动词原形。 

6. C) 【句意】尽管我们在改变天气方面无能为力，但我们至少知道天气未来的变化。 【难点】while除表示时间外，还可表示转折、让步，意为“尽管，虽然”。该句中其它选项不具备此意。 

7. C) 【句意】该组织把西部艺术家聚集在一起，希望他们比任何个人都能更多地影响艺术界，并由妇女来促进西部艺术。

【难点】选项C)的than与句中的more形成正确搭配，意为“比?都?”，故为答案。 

8. B) 【句意】但是多年以前瑞士人就发现连年不断的战争给他们带来的只有苦难和贫穷。

【难点】nothing but意为“仅仅，只不过”；anything but意为“除? 以外的任何事”；none other than意为“不是别人，正是?”；no more than意为“不过，仅仅”。 

9. C) 【句意】在经过一段似乎是漫无边际的等候之后，终于轮到她走进医生的办公室。 【难点】在由after引导的介词短语中，what seemed(to be)起定语作用，修饰an endless wait。又如：I saw what seemed to be a fox.我看见一个似乎是狐狸的东西。 

10. D) 【句意】董事会认为这些卷宗应立刻打印。

【难点】urgent在句中做形式宾语it的补足语，其后的宾语从句应使用虚拟式，即should+动词原形。 

11. C) 【句意】他的答案很不清楚，我根本弄不懂。

【难点】sense意为“意义；含义”,短语make sense of意为“弄懂?的意思”；explanation意为“解释，说明，阐述”，侧重说明事件的真相、原因；meaning意为“意义，意思； 含义”，但不能在make sense of 短语中代替sense；interpretation意为“解释，说明，阐明”，比较正式。 

12. A) 【句意】你应该每年检查一次自己的眼睛，因为你的眼镜镜片也许需要更换。 【难点】lenses意为“镜片”；glasses意为“眼镜”；sights意为“视 野；风景”；crystals意为“水晶，晶体”。 

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13. B) 【句意】校董会希望他们选择的那出剧会受到孩子和家长的欢迎。 【难点】popular意为“讨人喜欢的；得人心的；受欢迎的”。recognized意为“被赏识的；受表彰的”。favorable意为“赢得赞许的；讨人喜欢的”，但后面不能接with。fascinated意为“被迷住的，被弄得神魂颠倒的”。 

14. D) 【句意】我们砍伐树木的行为损坏了鸟兽的自然家园。 【难点】damage意为“加害于?，损伤?”；harm意为“对?有害”；hurt意为“疼痛，受伤，(精神上)伤害”；injure意为“使受伤”，身体受外力伤害。 

15. B) 【句意】罗宾逊先生知道，如果带着热情去做，最琐碎的家务也能证明是一种报偿。

【难点】reward意为“报答；奖赏”；prize意为“奖金，奖品”；refund意为“退款”；bonus意为“奖金，红利”。 

16. B) 【句意】该行业工会反对降低工资。 【难点】be opposed to意为“反对，对抗”；object against不常用；react to意为“作出反应，反应”；resist不与against连用。 

17. A) 【句意】她教我那门语言的方式简直就象在教一个小孩说话。 【难点】the way后接从句，意为“以?方式”。in the way意为“妨碍(某人)”。a way 和to the way不是固定搭配。 

18. C) 【句意】勃朗宁一家人还没露面，我怀疑他们会不会来。 【难点】turn up意为“出现，露面”；turn in意为“归还，递交?”； turn out意为“原来是，证明是”；turn to 意为“求助于；求教于”。 

19. A) 【句意】昨天我们到那座山里进行了一次远足观光。 【难点】excursion意为“远足，短途旅行”；trip意为“旅游出行；行 程”；tour意为“游历；观光”；travel意为“(长途)旅行”。 

20. C) 【句意】当我和萨拉为校报合作一篇文章时，我们发现很难在一起工作。 【难点】collaborate意为“合作，合著”；compile意为“汇集；编辑” ；gather意为“聚会，集会”；collect意为“收集；集合”。 

21. A) 【句意】贝丝能认出自己的大衣，因为她的大衣上有红色的大钮扣。 【难点】recognize意为“认出，识别”；prove意为“证明，证实”；define意为“下定义”；claim意为“认领；索取”。 

22. C) 【句意】邮资是根据所邮包裹的等级和重量来定的。 【难点】fee意为“费(如会费，入场费，手续费等)”；tax意为“税，税款”；payment意为“支付，付款”；premium意为“津贴；酬金”。 

23. B) 【句意】我父亲耳聋得厉害，不得不使用助听器。 【难点】aid意为“辅助器具”；help意为“帮助”；support意为“支持”；tool意为“工具”。

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

24. A) 【句意】新年除夕，人民广场将举行焰火表演。 【难点】display意为“展示性表演”；performance意为“文艺演出；表演”；show意为“展览；展览会”；exhibition也是“展览会”，属销售性质。

25. A) 【句意】在新西兰，啤酒和白酒的消费量很大。

【难点】consumption意为“消费量”;use意为“使用，用途”;drink意 为“饮料”；absorption意为“吸收”。

Test Three

关于dare的意义和用法

作为情态动词表示“胆敢”，dare通常只用于否定陈述句和疑问句。例如： I dare not go there.

How dare he say such rude things about me?

dare作为情态助动词没有过去式形式，其否定式为daren’t，既可指现在时间，也可指过去时间。例如：

Tom wanted to come, but he daren’t.

dare还可用主动词，随后的不定式可带to,也可不带to。例如： He does not dare (to) answer.

Does she dare (to) go there alone?

近义词辨析

besides, but, except, except for 这组词均含有“除?外”的意思。 besides “除?外，还有?”，指更进一步的拥有，包括所“除”事物在内。 Have you got any clothes besides these?除了这些衣服你还有别的吗?

but不包括所引事物在内，多与nothing, not anything, nobody, nowhere, all, anybody等连用。

He has nobody but himself to blame for that.那件事他没法指责别人，只能怪他自己。

except不包括所引事物。常与no, none, nothing等否定词或all,everyone, everything等连用，但不可用于句首。

They all went to the Summer Palace except one.除一人之外他们都去了颐和园。

except for常指除去所引情况让人稍感遗憾之外，整体情况尚属理想，被除去的事物与正在谈及的事物之间不具有共同属性或性质。

The roads were clear except for a few cars.除几辆小汽车外，路面很空旷。

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全真模拟试题

1. The bank is reported in the local newspaper ______ in broad daylight yesterday. A. to be robbed B. robbed 

C. to have been robbed D. having been robbed

2. ______ before, his first performance for the amateur dramatic group was a success. A. Though having never acted  B. As he had never acted  C. Despite he had never acted 

D. In spite of his never having acted

3. By the middle of the 21st century, the vast majority of the world’s population ______ in cities rather than in the country. A. are living B. will be living  C. have lived D. will have lived

4. Mr. Milton prefers to resign ______ part in such dishonest business deals. A. than take B. than to take 

C. rather than take D. rather than to take

5. No one would have time to read or listen to an account of everything ______ going on in the world.

A. it is B. as is C. there is D. what is

6. There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, _____ a sudden loud noise.

A. being there B. should there be  C. there was D. there have been

7. Bit by bit , a child makes the necessary changes to make his language ______. A. as other people B. as other people’s  C. like other people D. like other people’s

8. Clothing made of plastic fibres has certain advantages over ______ made of natural fibres like cotton, wool, or silk.

A. one B. the one C. that D. what

9. The treasury issued an order stating that ______ land purchased from the government had to be paid for in gold and silver.

A. henceforth B. moreover C. whereby D. however

10. The students expected there ______ more reviewing classes before the final exams. A. is B. being C. have been D. to be

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11. It was during summer breaks that we first taste the satisfaction work that ______ into hard currency.

A. translates B. transfers  C. transplants D. transmits

12. In some cases, your instructor may tell you the topics ______ or may give you a choice of topics to write about.

A. in advance B. ahead of C. above all D. right away 

13. It was the driver’s ______ that caused him to step on the gas instead of the brake after his car went over the curb. A. fraud B. alarm C. terror D. panic

14. Danny left this ______ message on my answering machine: “I must see you. Meet me at twelve o’clock.” Did he mean noon or midnight? A. ambiguous B. responsible C. implicit D. thoughtful

15. We looked for a table to sit down, but they were all ______ A. reserved for B. engaged in  C. used up D. taken up

16. She will have to find somewhere else to work, for she can’t ______ this loud noise any longer.

A. come up with B. catch up with  C. keep up with D. put up with

17. Tom ______ his new job with confidence. A. set out B. set off C. set up D. set about

18. The truck driver was fined for exceeding the speed ______. A. range B. limit C. rule D. regulation

19. The crippled Jack proudly walked with a ______ to the platform to join the children.

A. jump B. limp C. hop D. jog

20. He cannot ______ a car, for he does not earn much money. A. obtain B. afford C. donate D. consume

21. The message is clear: Just as tea and banana cant’t go together, _________ should the son of a lowclass family expect to marry the daughter of a nobleman. A. either B. not C. neither D. nor

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22. Though ______ rich, she was better off than at any other period in her life. A. by means of B. within her means  C. by all means D. by no means

23. It is a(n) ______ attitude to take towards life. A. absurd B. silly C. stupid D. authentic

24. Every year, one student in our high school wins a scholarship that ______ one year of college.

A. improves B. subsidizes C. obliges D. inflicts

25. He wrote the book in ______ with his wife. A. proportion B. installment  C. correspondence D. collaboration 试题答案与解析

1. C) 【句意】据当地报纸报道，那家银行昨天在光天化日下遭到抢劫。

【难点】动词不定式的完成式做主语的补足语，说明不定式的行为发生在谓语动作之前。 2. D) 【句意】虽然他以前从未表演过，但他为业余剧团做的首次表演还是很成功。 【难点】in spite of意为“尽管，虽然”，后接名词或名词性短语，引导出来状语。选项A)没有主语或逻辑主语，选项B)是原因状语从句，选项C)的despite不能引导状语从句，因为它是介词。

3. B) 【句意】到二十一世纪中叶，世界上大多数人口将生活在城市而不是农村。

【难点】因为时间状语by the middle of the 21st century指的是将来，所以选将来进行时。 4. C) 【句意】米尔先生宁愿辞职也不参加这种不诚实的商业交易。 【难点】prefer意为“宁愿”，其后接名词或动词不定式；prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.意为“宁愿?而不愿?”，rather than后接不带to的不定式。 5. C) 【句意】大家都没有时间去读或去听有关世界上正在发生的一切事件的描述。 【难点】在以there be为谓语动词的定语从句中，如关系代词作主语，则关系代词便可省略。

6. B) 【句意】如果突然出现巨大的噪音，这些动物真的有可能受到惊吓。

【难点】该句是一个省略if的倒装的虚拟条件句，可还原为“if there should be...”。 7. D) 【句意】一点一点地，儿童就会将自己的语言作些必要的修改，而使之与他人的语言相像。

【难点】as和like都可以表示“像?一样”，但as是连词，后跟从句，like是介词，后跟名词或名词性短语。

8. C) 【句意】用塑料纤维制成的衣服比用棉花、羊毛或丝绸等天然纤维制成的衣服有些优势。

【难点】clothing是衣服、被褥的总称，不能用one或the one来指代。what相当于“先行词+that”，后边要接从句。所以只能用that指代clothing。

9. A) 【句意】财政部发布命令，从即日起，向政府购买土地须以金、银支付。 【难点】henceforth意为“从今以后”，符合题意要求。

10. D) 【句意】学生们期望期末考试前能有更多的复习课。

【难点】动词expect后必须接动词不定式作其宾语，因此，只有D)为正确。 11. A) 【句意】暑假期间，我们第一次尝到了把劳动变成货币的滋味。

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【难点】translate意为“变换，把?转化成”；transfer意为“移交， 迁移”；transplant意为“移植(器官)”；transmit意为“传染(疾病)，传达(知识)”。 12. A) 【句意】在有些情况下，你的导师会事先告诉你题目或把题目给你由你选写。 【难点】in advance意为“事先，预先”；ahead of意为“在?之前”；above all意为“尤其，最重要的是”；right away意为“立刻；马上”。

13. D) 【句意】车上了马路边后，司机由于惊慌，没踩刹车，却踩了油门。 【难点】panic意为“惊慌，慌乱”；fraud意为“欺骗，骗局”；alarm 意为“警报”；terror意为“恐怖”。 14. A) 【句意】丹尼在我们回答机上留下一条模棱两可的信息：“我必须见你。12点来接我。”他是说中午还是半夜?

【难点】ambiguous意为“模棱两可的；含糊的”；responsible意为“负责的”；implicit意为“暗含的”；thoughtful意为“沉思的，思考的”。

15. D) 【句意】我们要找个桌子坐下，可是所有餐桌都已有人。 【难点】take up意为“占去(时间、地方、注意力等)”；reserve for意为“为?留出，保留”；engage in意为“从事；参加”；use up意为“用完，用光；耗尽”。

16. D) 【句意】她将不得不去别处找工作，因为她再也不能忍受这么大的噪音。 【难点】put up with意为“忍受，容忍”；come up with意为“(针对问 题、挑战)提出，想出”；catch up with意为“赶上”；keep up with意为“跟上(人、潮流、形势等)”。

17. D) 【句意】汤姆满怀信心地投入新的工作。 【难点】set about意为“开始；着手”；set out意为“开始”，常与as , in, on连用；set off意为“(使)做某事”；set up意为“开业，开始经商”。 18. B) 【句意】卡车司机因超速而被罚款。 【难点】limit意为“限制；界限”；range意为“(知识、知觉、听觉等 的)范围”；regulation意为“规定，规则”；rule和regulation是近义词，意为“规定，规章”。 19. B) 【句意】跛脚的杰克充满自豪，一颠一跛地走上台，加入孩子们的行列。 【难点】limp意为“跛行”；jump意为“跳，跃”；hop意为“(人们)单 足跳”；jog意为“慢跑；缓行”。

20. B) 【句意】他买不起小汽车，因为他挣钱不多。 【难点】afford意为“买得起”；obtain意为“得到，获得”；donate意 为“捐，赠”；consume意为“消耗，耗尽”。

21. C) 【句意】这是明摆着的事：就像茶叶和香蕉不相搭配一样，下层阶级家庭的儿子也不可能指望娶一个贵族的女儿。

【难点】neither用于否定句之后，意为“?亦不?”；either用于否定句，意为“(二者之中的)任何一方都(不)?”；nor意为“?也不?(置于否定句之后)”；not在本句中说不通。

22. D) 【句意】虽谈不上有钱，但她目前的境况比以往任何时候都要好。 【难点】by no means意为“一点也不?”；by means of意为“用，依靠”；within one’s means不是固定短语；by all means意为“无论如何，务必”。 23. A) 【句意】这是一种荒唐的生活态度。 【难点】absurd意为“荒唐的；滑稽可笑的”；silly意为“ 傻的；愚蠢的”；stupid意为“笨的，麻木的”；authentic意为“可靠的；真诚的；真的” 24. B) 【句意】每年，我们学校会有一名同学获得一笔奖学金作为一年的大学生活补贴。 【难点】subsidize意为“给?津贴；资助”；improve意为“改进，改善

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”；oblige意为“施恩惠于，帮?忙”；inflict意为“予以(打击)；使遭受(损伤，苦痛等)”。

25. D) 【句意】他和妻子合作写了一本书。 【难点】collaboration意为“合作；协作”，in collaboration with为 固定搭配；proportion意为“比例”；installment意为“分期付款”；correspondence意为“符合；一致”。

定语从句中关系代词that的用法

1)在既指人又指事物的两个或两个以上的先行词后面。例如： They are talking about the people and countries that they had visited.

2)在限制性定语从句中有形容词最高级的先行词后面。例如： He is the best student that I have ever met.

3)在以“It is...”,“It was...”等开头的强调句中，和相应的疑问句中。如： What is it that he wants?

4)在only, all, little的后面 This is all that I know.

5)在no, every, some和any等词后面，也包括在它们的复合词在内。如： There is no person that is always in the right. Is there anything that I can do for you?

近义词辨析

beautiful, goodlooking, handsome, lovely, pretty 这组词均含有“美丽”、“漂亮”、“可爱”的意思。 Beautiful指能不仅给人带来感官上的快乐，而且通过感官产生思想和灵魂的愉悦，在同类词中层次最高。

She was even more beautiful than I had remembered.她比我记忆中的她更漂亮了。 Good looking 不如handsome, pretty意思强烈，指一般的“好看”或“悦目”。

That good looking young man visited the house once or twice a week.那个长相不错的年轻人一星期光顾一两次。

handsome 通常是一种客观的不带感情色彩的评价。一个人如被形容为handsome,是指此人外貌符合观察者的要求，但不激发更深层的感受。

He looked very handsome in his dark suit.他穿深色西装显得非常英俊。

lovely比感官的快乐更进一步，是强调纯粹情感上的愉悦，指觉得某人或某物“可爱”。 Mary has two lovely daughters.玛丽有两个可爱的女儿。

pretty也是“漂亮、可爱”的意思。很少形容大而有影响力的事物，多形容事物不以其优秀、完美而以小巧、优雅、精致见长，使人容易接受并喜爱。

Her boyfriend believes that she is the prettiest girl in the town.她男朋友觉得她是镇上最漂亮的女孩。

全真模拟试题

1. Evidence came up ______ specific sounds are recognized by babies as young as six

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months old.

A. what B. that C. which D. whose

2. I understand ______ preparation that staff must put in under pressure to meet the deadline.

A. more than the enormous amount of

B. better than most the enormous number of C. better than most the enormous amount of  D. fewer than the number of

3. I’m sure your suggestion will ______ the problem. A. contribute to solving  B. be contributed to solve  C. contribute to solve 

D. be contributed to solving

4. In 1840, both Lucretian Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton resented ______ proper seating at the World’s Antislavery convention in London because of their sex. A. refusing B. to be refused 

C. being refused D. having refused

5. America will never again have as a nation the spirit of adventure as it ______ before the West was settled.

A. could B. did C. would D. was

6. You should have put the milk into the icebox, I expect it ______ undrinkable. A. became B. had become C. has become D. becomes

7. It’s no good ______ him. He is always indifferent towards others’ matters. A. to turn to B. turning to C. turn to D. turned to

8. Some companies have introduced flexible working time with less emphasis on pressure ______.

A. than more on efficiency  B. and more on efficiency  C. and more efficiency  D. than efficiency

9. She always put her medication on the top of the shelf lest the children ______ it by mistake.

A. took B. should take C. had taken D. would take

10. The earnings of women are well below that of men ______ educational differences that are diminishing between the two sexes.

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A. although B. though C. despite of D. in spite of

11. Many automobile accidents were ______ careless driving. A. attributed to B. resulted in  C. contributed to D. raised from

12. The actress wanted a hat to ______ her dress. A. go by B. go through C. go out D. go with

13. It takes a lot of______ to put on a school play such as King Lear. A. organization B. arrangement  C. management D. preparation

14. The police carried out a(n)______ search for the mising boy. A. complete B. entire C. thorough D. whole

15. The ______ crown jewels are kept in the Tower of London. A. valued B. valueless C. invaluable D. usable

16. Tom has been a vegetarian ______ principle for years. A. in B. on C. for D. by

17. When I got out of the car and walked about among them, ______one old man who shook his head disapprovingly, they all began to cheer. A. see that B. except that 

C. provided that D. except for

18. ______ the water left in the kettle, the doctor put several things he unwrapped from a handkerchief. A. At B. To C. Within D. Into

19. I am ______ grateful for the many kindnesses you have shown my son. A. excessively B. much C. certainly D. exceedingly

20. The ______ of AIDS has led to an expansion in research seeking a cure. A. innovation B. selection C. proliferation D. conviction 21. I am sorry I have no time at present to ______ more detail or give you an account of other cities of interest. A. bring into B. take into C. come into D. go into 

22. When the idea of winning in sports is carried to excess, ______ competition can turn into disorder and violence.

A. honestly B. honest C. honorable D. honorary

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23. Unless all the members agree to ______ to the plan there may be further development in the course of action. A. tumble B. stick C. come D. adjust

24. You must pay import ______ on certain goods brought into this country.

A. money B. fees C. bills D. duties

25. We expect Mr. White will ______ Class One when Miss Jane retires.

A. take over B. take up C. take off D. take to

试题答案与解析 1. B)

【句意】 有证据表明，小至六个月的婴儿就能识别具体的声音。 【难点】 evidence后面的同位语从句被全句的谓语动词came up隔开，同位语从句须由that引导，所以B)项正确。 

2. C)

【句意】 我比多数人更能理解员工们在最后期限的压力下所做的大量准备工作。 【难点】 understand better than...意为“对?非常理解”。preparation是不可数名词，须用amount修饰，故选C)。 3. A)

【句意】 我相信你的建议将有助于问题的解决。 【难点】 contribute to意为“有助于，促成”，to是介词，所以后面应接名词或动名词，故选A)。 4. C)

【句意】 1840年，露克里蒂安·莫特和伊丽莎白·凯蒂·斯坦顿因为他们的性别而没有得到伦敦世界废奴大会的席位，他们对此表示愤慨。

【难点】 resent后接名词或动名词作宾语，根据句意的要求，应使用动名词的被动语态形式，故选C)。 5. B)

【句意】 作为一个国家来说，美国将不再具有开拓西部前所具有的那种冒险精神。 【难点】 从意义来看，空格应填had,但主句中have是实义动词，为避免重复，可用助动词do替代，即用did替代had,故B)为答案。 6. C)

【句意】 你本该把牛奶放到冰里。我想现在这牛奶不能喝了。

【难点】 从句意分析，牛奶已经变质，不能喝了，属过去发生的动作对现在造成影响，再加上by now是现在完成时的典型时间状语，故选C) 7. B)

【句意】 向他求助没用，他对别人的事总是漠不关心。

【难点】 It is no good doing sth是一个常见的句型，意为“做?没用”，no good后面应接动名词形式。 8. B)

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【句意】 有些公司采用弹性工作时间制，更注重效率，而不是压力。 【难点】 pressure和efficiency处于并列的位置，所以正确答案是B)。and more on efficiency,即more(emphasis) on efficiency。 9. B)

【句意】 她总是把自己的药放到搁架上以免孩子错拿。 【难点】 lest意为“以免”，后接虚拟语气should+动词原形。 10. D)

【句意】 尽管两性之间所受教育的差别正在缩小，妇女的收入仍大大低于男人的收入。 【难点】 四个选项中只有in spite of后可接名词，despite不能和of连用，although和though是连词，后接从句。 11. A)

【句意】 许多汽车交通事故都起因于莽撞驾车。

【难点】 attribute to意为“把?归因于；contribute to意为“有助于，促成”；result in意为“导致，结果造成”；raise from不是固定搭配。 12. D)

【句意】 那个女演员想要一个与她的连衣裙相配的帽子。 【难点】 go with意为“与?相配”；go by意为“根据?作出判断”；go through意为“通过；经历”；go out意为“过时”。 13. A)

【句意】 上演《李尔王》这样一部校园剧需要大量的组织工作。 【难点】 organization意为“组织(行为)”；arrangement意为“安排”；management意为“经营，管理”；preparation意为“准备(状态)；准备工作”。 14. C)

【句意】 警方为寻找失踪的男孩进行了一次彻底搜寻。 【难点】 thorough意为“彻底的”；complete意为“完全的，全部的”；entire意为“整个的，全部的”；whole意为“全体的，全部的”。 15. C)

【句意】 那些无价的皇冠珠宝保存在伦敦塔里。 【 难点】 invaluable意为“非常宝贵的，无价的”；valued意为“受重视的；宝贵的”；valueless意为“没有价值的，毫无用处的”；usable意为“可用的，能用的”。 16. B)

【句意】 多年来，汤姆一直是一个按原则行事的素食者。 【难点】 on principle意为“根据行为准则；按照原则”；in principle意为“原则上；基本上；大体上”。for和by不与principle搭配。 17. D)

【句意】 当我下车走在他们中间的时候，除了一个老头不满地摇了摇头，大家都开始欢呼。

【难点】 except for意为“除?以外”，后接名词；see that意为“留意?；负责?；务必?”；except that意为“除去?之外”后接句子；provided that意为“倘若，在?条件下”。 18. D)

【句意】 那位医生打开手帕里包着的几样东西，放入了壶内剩下的水里。 【难点】 为强调放入水中，把地点状语放到了句首。 19. D)

【句意】 我非常感激你给我儿子的那么多照顾。

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【难点】 exceedingly意为“非常，极其”；excessively意为“过多地，过分地”；much常以too much,so much,very much的形式出现；certainly意为“无疑地；一定”。 20. C)

【句意】 爱滋病的扩散使得人们做更多的研究工作去寻找治疗的方法。 【难点】 proliferation意为“激增；扩散”；innovation意为“革新，创新”；selection意为“选择；选拔”；conviction意为“定罪，判罪”。 21. D)

【句意】 对不起，我眼下没时间讲得更细，也不能把其它旅游城市给你进行一个描述。 【难点】 go into意为“叙述；讨论”；bring后面很少加into; take into和come into与本题意不符。 22. C)

【句意】 当竞争意识发展到极端时，荣誉可能变成混乱和暴力。 【难点】 honorable意为“荣誉的，光荣的”；honestly是副词，意为“诚实地”，不能修饰名词，honest虽能修饰名词，但其意义不合题意；honorary意为“(学位、称号等)作为一种荣誉而授予的，名誉的”。 23. B)

【句意】 除非所有成员都同意坚持这个计划，否则行动过程中会有进一步改进。 【难点】 stick to意为“坚持；坚守”；tumble to意为“突然察觉”；come to意为“降临，发生”；adjust to意为“调整；适应”。 24. D)

【句意】 带入本国的某些商品要交进口税。 【难点】 duties意为“税，关税”；bill意为“帐单”；fee意为“费”。 24. A)

【句意】 我们希望珍妮小姐退休后，怀特先生能够接管一班。 【难点】 take over意为“接收，接管”；take up意为“开始采用；采取，承担”；take off意为“脱去；拿掉”；take to意为“开始从事；开始沉湎于”。 Test Five

be+不定式结构

表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作。例如： There’s to be an investigation.

I am to have tea with Betty this afternoon.

这一结构常见于报纸和广播，用以宣布官方的计划或决定。例如： The Queen is to visit Japan next year.

二是表示命令、禁止或可能性等。例如： You are to stand here. Do you understand? Tell her she’s not to be back late.

一般现在时也可表达将来时间，常见于条件状 语和时间状语从句。例如：

If she comes, I’ll tell her all about it. Wait here till the meeting is over.

It won’t be long before the rain stops.

近义词辨析

begin, commence, initiate, launch, start 

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这组词均含有“开始”的意思。

在这组词中最常用，泛指开始做某事。但口语中近年来start用得较多。 The band began to play joyful music.乐队开始演奏欢快的音乐。

commence比begin用法正式。在宗教或其它仪式及军事用语中人们倾向用commence.  The officer ordered the soldiers to commence the attack.军官命令士兵开始进攻。 initiate指进程中的第一步，与何时停止或结束没有关系。

The government has initiated a new reform program.政府启动了新的改革方案。

launch指开始或着手一项活动、计划等大规模或声势浩大的行动，行动前或行动中有一定的宣传鼓动。 

The company will launch an advertising compaign to introduce its new product.那个公司要发起广告攻势推出自己的新产品。

Start与stop构成反义用法，指从一特定地点出发，由静止或等待状态开始做某事。在口语中常可代替begin。 

They started operations at once.他们马上开始行动。

全真模拟试题

1. ______ in the past, at the moment it is a favorite choice for wedding gown. A. Unpopular has as white been  B. White has been as unpopular C. Unpopular has been as white  D. Unpopular as white has been

2. ______ for a long time, the fields are all dried up. A. There has been no rain  B. Having no rain 

C. There having been no rain D. There being no rain

3. The millions of calculations involved, ______ by hand, would have lost all practical value by the time they were finished. A. had they been done  B. they had been done  C. having been done  D. they were done

4. Televisions enable us to see things happen almost at the exact moment ______. A. which they are happening  B. they are happening  C. which they happen  D. they have happened

5. ______ me most was that the young boy who had lost both arms in an accident could handle a pen with his feet. A. That amazed B. It amazed

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C. Which amazed D. What amazed

6. Although she wrote a lot of short stories and poems when she was very young, ______ she was twenty five.

A. her first real success did not come until  B. her real first success came until not

C. since her first real success did not come until D. not until her first real success

7. You should know better than ______ your little sister at home by herself. A. to leave B. leaving C. to have left D. left

8. As the train will not leave until one hour later, we ______ grab a bite at the snack bar. A. may well B. just as well  C. might as well D. as well

9. She resorted to ______ when she had no money to buy foods for her children.

A. have stolen B. steal C. stole D. stealing

10. The boy has admitted to ______ the window while playing football yesterday. A. breaking B. having been broken  C. break D. be breaking

11. Betty advised me to label our luggage carefully in case it gets _____in transit. A. misused B. mishandled C. mistaken D. mislaid

12. ______ money, she is quite rich. However, this does not mean that she is happy. A. Concerning B. As to 

C. In terms of D. In the light of

13. A wellwritten composition ______ good choice of words and clear organization among other things. A. calls for B. calls on C. calls up D. calls off

14. It is ______ with the customer not to let the shop

assistants guess what she really likes and wants until the last moment. A. in her honor B. on her honor  C. a point of honor D. an honor

15. This house will probably come on the ______ next month. A. fair B. market C. shop D. store

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16. George was introduced to ______ activities at a young age, when she was hire to act as a lookout for drugdealers.

A. illegal B. lawful C. faithful D. peaceful

17. An institution that properly carries the name university is a more comprehensive and complex institution than any other kind of higher education_________. A. settlement B. establishment C. costruction D. structure 

18. People’s status in society is frequently ______ by how much they own.

A. measured B. examined C. tested D. questioned

19. Jack is so ______ to his appearance that he never has his clothes pressed.

A. adverse B. anonymous C. indifferent D. casual

20. There is an increasing ______ to make movies describing violence. A. strength B. direction C. tradition D. trend

21. Outside my office window there is a fire ______ on the right. A. escape B. ladder C. steps D. stairs

22. I ______ with the Browns during my stay in New York City. A. put in B. put down C. put on D. put up

23. Operations which left patients ______ and in need

of long periods of discovery time now leave them feeling relaxed and comfortable. A. exhausted B. unhealthy C. upset D. fearful

24. Farmers are allowed to grow small gardens of their own and they sell their vegetables ______ the black market. A. on B. at C. in D. for

25. The electric fan does not work because of the ______ of service. A. pause B. break C. interruption D. breakdown

试题答案与解析 1. D)

【句意】 虽然白色过去不受欢迎，但目前它是婚纱的首选颜色。

【难点】 as是连词，引导让步状语从句时，往往使用半倒装形式。又如： Beautiful as she is, she is foolish. 2. C)

【句意】 由于长时间无雨，田野变得十分干燥。

【难点】 该句的前半部分是There be结构，完成式独立结构形式，这与时间状语for a long

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time相吻合。 3. A)

【句意】 数百万次计算如果用手工操作，那么，到计算结束的时候，就将失去其全部实际意义。

【难点】 这是一句虚拟语气的句子，条件句使用了省略if的倒装句形式，动作与过去事实相反。 4. B)

【句意】 电视使我们能够在事情发生的那一瞬间就看到它们是如何发生的。 【难点】 moment后接的是省略关系副词when的定语从句。B)符合题意要求。 5. D)

【句意】 最令我惊讶的是，这个在车祸中失去双臂的小男孩能够用脚使用钢笔。 【难点】 这是一个what从句作主语的典型句子。 6. A)

【句意】 虽然她很小的时候就写了很多

短篇小说和诗歌，但她直到25岁才迎来第一次真正的成功。 【难点】 这是一个练习not until结构的句子。 7. A)

【句意】 你应该知道，不该把你小妹妹一个人留在家里。

【难点】 to know better than to do sth.是一个常见的表示责备的句型，意为“应该知道不该做某事”。 8. C)

【句意】 既然火车一个小时以后才开，我们不妨到快餐店吃口东西。 【难点】 might as well后接动词原形，意为“不妨，何不”。 9. D) 【句意】 当她没钱为孩子买吃的东西时，她开始偷。 【难点】 resort to意为:求助于，其中to是介词，后接动名词。 9. A)

【句意】 那个男孩承认在昨天踢足球的时候打破了窗子。 【难点】 admit to中的to是介词，后接名词或动名词。 10. D)

【句意】 贝蒂建议我把我们的行李认真地贴上标签以免运输中放错位置。 【难点】 mislay意为“把??放错地方”；misuse意为“错用滥用”；mishandle意为“瞎弄，胡乱操作”；mistake意为“误选”。 11. C)

【句意】 就钱而言，她很富裕。然而这并不意味着她幸福。 【难点】 in terms of意为“从??方面来说”；concerning意为“关于 ”；as to也是“关于；至于”；in the light of 意为“鉴于，由于”。 12. A)

【句意】 一篇好文章，除其它因素外，还要求选词优美，组织清晰。 【难点】 call for意为“要求，需要”；call on意为“号召，请求”;call up意为“使人想起” ；call off意为“取消，停止做”。 13. C)

【句意】 对于顾客来说，直到最后时刻才让售货员猜出她真正喜欢什么，真正想买什么，这是一个涉及面子的问题。

【难点】 a point of honor意为“涉及名誉的事情”；in one’s honor意为“为某人的

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荣誉”； on one’s honor意为“以名誉担保”；an honor意为“光荣的人或事”。 14. B)

【句意】 这座房子可能下月上市。

【难点】 on the market意为“上市，出售”； fair意为“集市；庙会；交易会”;shop是“商店”；store是“储存；仓库”。 15. A)

【句意】 很小的时候，乔治被介绍参与了非法活动，他受雇为毒贩子放哨。 【难点】 illegal 意为“不合法的，非法的”；lawful 意为“依法的，守定的”；faithful意为“忠实的，守信的”；peaceful 意为“平静的；安宁的”。 16. B) 【句意】 能称得上大学称号的机构是一个比其他种类高等教育机构都更复杂更综合的机构。

【难点】 establishment 意为“企业，设施（公司，学校，医院，教会等）”；settlement意为“定居点；殖民地”；construction意为“建造；建筑物”；structure是“结构，构造”。 17. A)

【句意】 人的社会地位常常由他们拥有的财富的多少来衡量。 【难点】 measure 意为“估量，衡量”；examine 意为“检查；仔细观察”；test意为“试验，测试”；question意为“询问，审问”。 18. C)

【句意】 杰克从不注意自己的外表，衣服从来不烫。 【难点】 indifferent意为“漠不关心的”； adverse意为“不利的，反 对的”；anonymous 意为“匿名的”； casual意为“非正式的，不拘礼节的”。 19. D)

【句意】 暴力片的拍摄大有上升趋势。 【难点】 trend意为“倾向，趋势”；strength意为“力量，实力”；direction意为“方向”;tradition 意为“传统”。 20. A)

【句意】 我办公室的窗外右侧有一个救生楼梯。

【难点】 fire escape 意为“防火安全楼梯（位于楼房的外侧面）”；ladder意为“梯子”；steps意为“台阶”；stairs意为“楼梯”，指室内的。 21. D)

【句意】 我在纽约市逗留期间和布朗一家人过了一夜。 【难点】 put up意为“宿夜”；put in 意为“度过，消磨（时间等）”; put down意为“写下，记录”；put on 意为“上演，演出”。 22. A)

【句意】 以前，病人手术后精疲力竭，需长时间才能恢复，现在手术的病人却感到既轻松又舒适。

【难点】 exhausted 意为“精疲力竭的”；unhealthy意为“不健康的” ；upset意为“苦恼的，不适的”；fearful 意为“担心的，可怕的”。 23. A)

【句意】 农夫们被允许在自己的菜园耕种，并将蔬菜拿到黑市上去卖。 【难点】 on the market 意为“上市， 出售中”，其它介词搭配不合适。 24. C)

【句意】 由于中止了服务，所以电扇不转了。

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【难点】 interruption 意为“中止，中断”；pause 意为“暂停，间歇 ”；break意为“停顿，间歇”;breakdown意为“损坏，故障”。

Test Six 有关否定

1)通常作复数的集体名词 1)双重否定最常见的形式有： no(not)...but...没有??不??

no(not)...without...没有??不，除??不 no(not)...unless没有??就不?? not...until直到??才??

例如：There is no one but knows it.没有一个人不知道此事。

2)can not与副词too,enough, sufficiently, over, too much等词连用时，意为“无论怎样也不过分”，“越?越”。例如：

You cannot be too careful.你越仔细越好。

We cannot praise him too much.我们无论怎样赞扬他也不过分。

近义词辨析

break, crack, crush, shatter,break, smash  这组词均含有“打破”或“挤碎”的意思。

break是这组词中最常用的，指使某件东西破碎。 

If you break that vase, you’ll have to pay for it.如果打破了那只花瓶，你就得赔偿。 crack 指打裂某物，但不一定打碎，因而通常不会成为碎片。

You may crack these nuts with a hammer.你可以用锤子把这些坚果敲开。

crush 强调挤压或踩的动作，毁坏程度取决于被压物的组织结构，或变形，或成小块，或可恢复原状。 

To make wine, you first crush the grapes.若要造酒，需先将葡萄压碎。 shatter 打破某物，力大到使碎片飞出很远，常指整件东西完全被毁。 

The explosion shattered most of the windows in the building.爆炸震碎了那座大楼的大部分窗玻璃。

smash 突出暴力，击打时动作较猛，被击打的东西往往完全报废。He smashed the window with a brick.他用砖块击碎窗玻璃。

全真模拟试题

1. ______ native to North America, corn has now spread all over the world.

A. In spite of B. That it is C. It was D. Although

2. Our civilization cannot be thought of as ______ in a short period of time. A. to have been created B. to be created C. having been created D. being created

3. We feel it is high time that the Government ______ something to check the inflation.

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A. did B. do C.should do D. would do

4. It has been proposed that we ______ our decision until the next meeting. A.delayed B.delay C. can delay D. are to delay

5. Hurricanes are severe cyclones with winds over seventyfive miles an hour ______ originate over tropical ocean waters.

A. which B. who C. where D.how to

6. ______ is announced in the papers, our country has

launched a largescale movement against smuggling and fraudulent activities in foreign currency exchange deals.

A. What B. As C. Which D. That

7. All the flights ______ because of the snowstorm, we had to take the train instead.

A.were canceled B. had been canceled 

C. having canceled D. having been canceled

8. Once ______, this power station will supply all the neighboring towns and villages with electricity.

A. it being completed B. it completed  C. completed D. it completes

9. He might have been killed ______ the timely arrival of the ambulance. A. but for B. except for C. besides D. except

10. If you have never planted anything, you won’t be able to know the pleasure of watching the thing you have planted ______. A.grow B. to grow

C. growing D. to be growing

11. He did me a ______ turn by lending me ten pounds. A. good B. nice C. fine D. pretty

12. Once our chickens started laying eggs, we had such a ______of eggs that we were giving many away to our neighbors.

A. output B. surplus C. production D. plenty

13. Following are comments about the behavior that people in Korea usually expect in various social

______.

A. occasions B. cases C.situations D. circumstances

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14. They have considered their high standard of living a(n) ______ for practising their basic beliefs.

A. award B. reward C. result D. consequence

15. Mac’s close ______ to his brother made people mistake them for one another. A. resemblance B. identity C. appearance D. relationship

16. The thieves ______ the waste paper all over the room while they were searching for the diamond ring.

A. spread B. scratched C.scattered D. burned

17. The sight of the fruit salad made our daughter Kit’s mouth ______. A. wet B. water C. soak D. taste

18. The ______ problem of bring a spaceship back from the moon has been solved. A. technical B. technological C. technique D. technology

19. A large part of a person’s memory is ______ words and combination of words. A.by means of B. in terms of  C. in connection with D. by way of

20. At her word she stood up and walked away, stopping at the window to pull back the curtain and ______.

A.look round B. look out C. look up D. look on

21. Their happiness was very ______. A. crisp B. brittle C. delicate D. fragile

22. I was awfully tired when I got home from work, but a halfhour nap ______ me. A.revived B. released C. relieved D. recovered

23. We should always keep in mind that ______ decisions often lead to bitter regrets. A.hasty B. instant C. prompt D.rapid

24. Information and opiniongap exercises have to have some content ______ talking about.

A. worthwhile B. worthily C. worth D. worthy

25. “If we fail to act now,”said Tom, “We’ll find ourselves ______ in action later on.”

A.paid back B. paid for C.paid up D.paid off

试题答案与解析

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1. D)

【句意】 玉米虽原产于北美洲，但现在已遍及全世界。

【难点】 四个选项中，B)和C)不合理。A)项的in spite of 是复合介词，后接名词。D)项的although是连词，后接从句，在本句中接的是一个省略主语的从句。 2. C)

【句意】 不应把我们的文明看作是短期内创造出来的。

【难点】 as 在这里是介词，后面应接名词性质的词，create的动作是过去发生的，所以选C)。 3. A)

【句意】 我们认为该到政府采取措施抑制通货膨胀的时候了。

【难点】 it is high time that后面接虚拟语气，时态用一般过去时，意为“该到?时候了”。

4. B)

【句意】 有人建议我们应将我们的决定推迟到下次会议作出。

【难点】 在suggest, propose, demand ,insist 等动词后面的宾语从句中，应使用（should）+动词原形的虚拟语气。 5. A)

【句意】 飓风是生成于热带海洋水域上空、风速达每小时75英里以上的强烈气旋。 【难点】 关系代词which引导的定语从句修饰名词winds. 6.B)

【句意】 正如报界所宣传的那样，我国已发起大规模反走私和反欺诈性外币交易的运动。 【 难点】 as在这里是一个代词，常用在类似as is well known这样的句子中，意为“这一点”。 7.D)

【句意】 所有航班因暴风雪都被取消，我们不得不改乘火车。

【难点】 该句的前半句使用的是独立结构，由于动作发生在过去，所以根据题意要求，使用了完成式被动语态。 8.C)

【句意】 这座电站一建成竣工，就将向周围城乡供电。 【难点】 once在这里是连词，意为“一旦?就?”，后面省略了it is。 9.A)

【句意】 要不是救护车及时到达，他可能就没命了。 【难点】 but for 意为“要不是”，它的典型使用就是在虚拟语气的句子中，所以正合题意。 10.A) 【句意】 如果你从未种植过任何东西，你就不会明白观察你种植的东西生长所带来的快乐。

【难点】 watch 后接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。 11.A)

【句意】 他借给我十英磅，算是给我做了件好事。

【难点】 当turn为“行为，举止”时，常与good,bad,ill，evil连用。do sb. a good turn意为“做利于某人的事”。 12.B)

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21. C) 【句意】 我爷爷不小心放火烧着了房子。 【难点】 词组set fire to 意为“点燃，使燃烧”。

22. D) 【句意】 除了花很多钱外，我们的假期很愉快。

【难点】 except指的是除去同类的事物，且常用于否定句；besides是包含在内的，除了；in addition to 也是包括在内；except for 是除了不同类的事物。

23. A) 【句意】 如果你要孩子们努力学习，你必须唤起他们的兴趣而不是责任感。 【难点】 appeal to 意为“有感染力，有吸引力”；look into 意为“调 查，观察”；give rise to意为“引起，导致”；go in for意为“爱好；从事，参与”。

24. B) 【句意】 机器人基本上是一台机器，它能像人的手臂一样移动、操纵、结合或加工零件。

【难点】 component意为“零件；成分”；character 意为“特性；人格”；catalogue意为“目录”；collection意为“收集”。

25. D) 【句意】 当然，谈论一些影响学生个性的事对他们是非常有积极作用的。 【难点】 eminently 意为“突出地；明显地”；chiefly意为“主要地；大部分”；correctly意为“正确地”，currently意为“现时，当前”。

Test Eight

It is the first time +that分句

在“It is/was/will be the first time+that分句”结构中，当主句动词为is/will be时，that分句动词一律用现在完成体，引导词that可以省略。例如： It is the first time I’ve been here.

Don’t forget, it’ll be the first time I’ve spoken in public.

当主句动词为was时，that分句动词通常用过去完成体。例如：

It was the first time she’d been at a summer school and she thoroughly enjoyed it. 近义词辨析

fast, hasty, quick, rapid, speedy, swift 这组词均含有“迅速的”，“快捷的”的意思。 fast

强调速度快，且保持不变；又指钟表的时间超过准确的时间。 We took a fast train to Beijing.我们坐快车来北京。 hasty

指匆忙、急促，涉及因此而引起的慌乱、疏漏。 Don’t arrive at hasty conclusions.别匆忙下结论。 quick

强调动作、行为发生得突然且持续时间短。指人时，暗示聪明、领悟快。 The tiger took a quick leap at the sheep.老虎猛地向羊扑去。 rapid

指就整个过程来讲速度快，但并不一定指这一过程的速度始终均匀不变。

The growth of the economy has been rapid in recent years.近年来，经济增长速度很快。 speedy

指人处理问题迅速或物体运转速度快。

His accusations brought a speedy denial.他的指控马上遭到了否认。 swift

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与fast和quick同义，但带有文学色彩。 Eagles are swift in flight.鹰飞得很快。 全真模拟试题

1. It was requested that all of the equipment ____in the agreed time. A. erected B. would be erected  C. be erected D. will be erected 

2. The man sitting opposite me smiled dreamily, as if ____ something pleasant in the past. A. to remember B. remembered

C. having been remembered D. remembering

3. I ____ him the Christmas gift by mail because he came home during the Christmas holidays.

A. ought to have sent B. couldn’t have sent  C. must have sent D. needn’t have sent

4. It turned out that the children were not ____ for the accident. A. to blame B. to be blamed

C. to be blaming D. to have been blamed

5. The desegregation was achieved through a number of struggles, ____ been mentioned in previous chapters.

A. a few of which B. a few of them  C. a few of those D. a few of that

6. Setting up a committee might be a way ____ the project more efficiently. A. to be doing B. doing C. to do D. being done

7. It ____ to see so many children in that mountainous area cannot even afford elementary education.

A. pains her B. makes her pain C. is paining D. is pained

8. Our boss, Mr. Thompson, ____ a raise in salary for ages, but nothing has happened yet. A. was promising B. has been promising C. promised D. has promised

9. He was determined to sail around the world ____ his illness and old age. A. given B. although C. despite D. in spite

10. The board deemed it’s urgent that these invitations ____ first thing tomorrow morning. A. had to be put in the mail  B. must be put in the mail C. be put in the mail

D. should have been put in the mail

11. ____ drills that have no real topic have to remain as they are. A. Manufacture B. Manipulative C. Manipulate D.Manifest

12. This book has been in the works so long that I have lost____ of most of the sources found for me by the staff of the library.

A. trace B. trail C. track D. touch

13. The elbows on your coat have worn thin, so I must ____ them.

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A. mend B. patch C. repair D. pitch

14. ____ and wage increases have not kept in step. A. Production B. Product C. Produce D. Productivity

15. People under stress have performed ____ feats of strength, like lifting an automobile off an accident victim.

A. specific B. extraordinary C. abrupt D. abnormal

16. Modern appliances ____ us from a good deal of household work. For instance, the dryer frees us from hanging the laundry.

A. escape B . benefit C. liberate D. comfort

17. The audience waited in ____ silence while their aged speaker searched among his note for the figures he could not remember.

A. respective B. respect C. respectful D. respectable

18. The disappearance of her paper has never been ____. A. counted for B. looked up  C.accounted for D. checked up

19. When he was asked about the missing briefcase, the man ____ ever seeing it. A. refused B. denied C. opposed D. resisted

20. Communication between a young couple is a(n) ____ business. A. sharp B. dreadful C. intense D. delicate

21. After so many weeks without rain, the ground quickly ____ the little rain that fell last night.

A. skipped B. soaked C. retrieved D. absorbed

22. We’ll ____ you as soon as we have any further information. A. notify B. signify

C. communicate D. impart

23. The fox fell into the ____ the hunters had set for it. A. bush B. trap C. trick D. circle

24. I don’t know you want to keep the letter. I’ve ____ it up. A. torn B. given C. broken D. disposed

25. The old lady ____ and fell from the top of the stairs to the bottom. A. slided B. slipped C. split D. spilled

试题答案与解析 

1. C) 【句意】 所有设备要求在商定的时间内安装完毕。

【难点】 request后面的宾语从句要求使用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形，本句用的是被动语态。 2. A) 【句意】 坐在我对面的那个人梦幻般地笑着，好像回想起过去发生的某件高兴的事。

【难点】 “as if +不定式”是一个常见的结构，意为“好像”。

3. D) 【句意】 我本不必把圣诞礼物给他邮去，因为他圣诞节期间回家了。 【难点】 主句用了一句与过去事实相反的表示必要性的虚拟语气，符合题意。 4. A) 【句意】 结果证明是，这起事故不怪孩子。

【难点】 be to blame 是一个习惯搭配，意为“该受责备”。

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5. A) 【句意】 经过若干次斗争，种族隔离被取消了，其中的几次斗争在前几章里已经提到。

【难点】 这里考的是非限制性定语从句，关系代词which前加修饰语。 6. C) 【句意】 建立一个委员会或许是更有效地做这项工程的方法。 【难点】 way后面可接不定式作定语，也可接of doing形式。

7. A) 【句意】 看到那片山区有那么多孩子连小学都上不起，她感到很痛心。 【难点】 It pains sb. to see...意为“看到?使某人感到痛心”。

8. B) 【句意】 我们的老板汤姆逊许诺给我们加薪好些年了，可到现在什么也没发生。 【难点】 这句话考的是现在完成时行时。

9. C) 【句意】 他不顾疾病缠身，年老体弱，决心做环球航行。 【难点】 despite是介词，意为“尽管”，等于in spite of,两者的后面都接名词。 10. C) 【句意】 董事会认为，明天早晨的第一件事就是将这些邀请函紧急寄出。 【难点】 it is urgent that 后接虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。 11. B) 【句意】 没有实际主题的操作性训练只得保持原样。 【难点】 manipulative 意为“操作的；控制的”；manufacture意为“制造”；manipulate意为“操纵”；manifest意为“显然的；明了的”。

12. C) 【句意】 写作这本书的时间如此之长，以致于我找不到图书馆职员为我找到的大部分原始资料。

【难点】 lose track of 意为“失去与?的联系；失去?的线索”；trace意为“痕迹，遗迹”；trail 意为“踪迹；臭迹；足迹”；touch意为“接触”。

13. B) 【句意】 你大衣的肘部磨薄了，我得在那儿打块补丁。 【难点】 patch意为“补缀；修补”；mend意为“修理；修补”，比如鞋；repair意为“修理；修复”，比如机器；pitch意为“投；掷；扔”。

14. D) 【句意】 生产率的提高和工资的提高没有保持同步。 【难点】 productivity 意为“生产力；生产率”；production意为“生 产；制造”；product意为“产品”；produce意为“农产品”。

15. B) 【句意】 人们在心理压力的作用下，表演了非凡的力量技艺，比如把一辆汽车从交通事故的受害者身上搬开。

【难点】 extraordinary意为“不平常的；非凡的”；specific意为“特有的，特种的”；abrupt意为“突然的，意外的”；abnormal意为“不正常的，反常的”。

16. C) 【句意】 现代化的家用电器把我们从大量的家务劳动中解放出来，比如，甩干机使我们不必把洗的衣服挂起来。 【难点】 liberate意为“解放”，与from连用；escape意为“逃跑；逃走”；benefit意为“有益于”；comfort意为“安慰；慰问”。

17. C) 【句意】 那位上了年纪的发言人在他的笔记中寻找着他记不起来的数字，此时，听众们恭敬地等候着，全场一片寂静。

【难点】 respectful意为“尊敬的；恭敬的”；respective意为“各自的，分别的”；respect是名词，意为“尊敬”；respectable意为“可敬的”。 18. C) 【句意】 文件的消失从未得到过解释。 【难点】 account for意为“解释；说明”；count for意为“值，计”；look up意为“查检”；check up意为“核实”。

19. B) 【句意】 当这个人被问及丢失的文件夹时，他否认曾经见过。 【难点】 四个选项中只有deny合题意。deny+动名词，意为“否认”；refuse意为“拒绝”，加不定式；oppose意为“反对，抵抗”，常接介词to; resist意为“反抗，抗拒”。

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20. D) 【句意】 年轻夫妇之间的交流是件棘手的事。 【难点】 delicate意为“需要小心处理的，棘手的”；sharp意为“尖刻的，辛辣的”；dreadful意为“遭透的，非常讨厌的”；intense意为“强烈的，剧烈的”。

21. D) 【句意】 好几星期没下雨，昨晚下了一场小雨，很快被地面吸收了。 【难点】 absorb意为“吸收”；skip意为“使(石片)跳跃着擦过水面”； soak意为“把?浸湿”；retrieve意为“使恢复；使再生”。 22. A) 【句意】 一有进一步的消息，我们立即通知你。 【难点】 notify意为“通知；报告”；signify意为“象征，预示”；communicate意为“传达，传递”；impart意为“告诉；传授”。

23. B) 【句意】 狐狸掉进了猎人为它设的陷井。 【难点】 bush意为“树丛”；trap意为“陷井”；trick意为“把戏”；circle意为“圈，圆圈”。

24. A) 【句意】 我不知道你要保留那封信。我已把信撕了。 【难点】 tear up意为“撕毁”；give up意为“放弃”；break up意为“击碎；拆散”；dispose of意为“处理；清除”。

25. B) 【句意】 老太太滑倒了，从楼梯顶上摔到了下面。 【难点】 slip意为“滑倒；滑落”；slide意为“滑行；光滑地移动”；split意为“裂开”；spill意为“溅出；流出”。 

Test Nine

动词后接不定式或动名词

有些动词或词组如admit, appreciate, avoid, consale, defer, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, mention, mind, miss, quit, postpone, practise, resist, risk, (can’t) stand, suggest, give up, put off等后面只能接动名词。例如： I enjoy playing football.

I don’t mind sleeping with the door open.

有些动词如stop, remember, forget, try, mean等接不定式或动名词做宾语，意思各不相同。 try doing sth试试看(没有付诸的行动) try to do尽力去做(已有行动) mean doing sth意味着 mean to do sth打算

近义词辨析

change, alter, convert, modify, vary 这组词均含有“变化”的意思。 change

最常用，指任何一种变化过程，但多用于指某人或某物发生根本性转变，失去了原来的身份特征，前后完全不同。

Years of hard work had changed her a great deal.多年辛苦劳作使她变了很多。 alter

指对人或事物的某些特征进行某种程度的更改，但并没有使人或事物的性质发生根本改变。

She had to ask the dressmaker to alter the dress for her.她不得不请裁缝把衣服改一下。 convert

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