初中英语宾语从句讲解、练习与答案

宾语从句

（一） 宾语从句的种类

宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的

宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。 结构：

主语+谓语+宾语（陈述句语序） 【注意：1~引导词.that 2~语序v.+主+谓 由if、whether

引导宾语从句 3~时态：A.主句---现在时 从句---任一时态】

1. 由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语

和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：

He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.

She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill.

I am sure (that) he will succeed.

2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：

Do you know who (whom) they are waiting foe?

He asked whose handwriting was the best.

Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?

I don’t know why the train is late.

3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如：

I want to know if (whether) he lives there.

He asked me whether (if) I could help him.

一般情况下，if 和whether可以互换，但以下3种情况只能用whether

①在不定式前：Whether to go there or not hasn't been decided.

②在介词前：It depends on（依靠） whether it is going to rain.

③与or not连用：They are talking about whether to go there or not.

语法点：由if或whether引导的宾语从句

词汇：if, whether, ask, wonder, know, …

句型：…asks/asked/wonders/wondered/wants to know/wanted to know if/whether…

前后桌同学之间开展采访活动，然后同桌交流采访结果。如：

—Who did you interview?

—I interviewed Bill.

—What did you ask him?

—I asked him if he always obeyed the school rules.

—…

（二）宾语从句的语序

宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如：

I hear (that) physics isn’t easy.

I think (that) you will like this school soon.

Can you tell me how I can get to zoo?

Please tell me when we’ll have the meeting.

（三）宾语从句的时态

1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。

如： I don’t think (that) you are right.

Please tell us where he is.

Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?

2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时， 过去进 行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：

He asked what time it was.

He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.

He asked if you had written to Peter.

He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.

3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。例如：

Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.

Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun. 不省略引导词that

当that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时；

当宾语从句较长时；

当主语状语置于主句尾，宾语从句之前时；

当主语谓语动词(包括非谓语动词)与宾语从句之间有插入语时；

当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时，此时第一个that可以省略，第二个that不可以省略；

当宾语从句中的主语是this,that或this,that做主语的定语时；

当宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时；

当宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时；

当主语中的谓语动词是固定词组时；

当宾语从句有it做其先行词时；

在直接引语中，转述分句把宾语从句隔开时.

当that在从句中充当主语时

一、典型例题【中考链接】

1. Your T-shirt is so cool. Could you tell me ________?

A. where you buy it B. where do you buy it

C. where you bought it D. where did you buy it

2.—Excuse me .Could you tell me_____ I can get to the Space Museum?

--Of course. You can take bus No.1.

A. where B. how C. if D. why

3.—Do you know ________the new mobile phone last week?

--Maybe 900 yuan. I’m not quite sure.

A. how much she paid for B. how much will she pay for C. how much did she pay for

4. Michael Jordan has failed over and over again in his life.And that’s ____ he succeeds .

A. what B. when C. why D. where

5. Alice in Wonderland is a fantastic movie. It’s about ______.

A. how did Alice end the Red Queen’s reign of terror（恐怖统治）

B. what did Alice end the Red Queen’s reign of terror

C. how Alice ended the Red Queen’s reign of terror

D. what Alice ended the Red Queen’s reign of terror

6. —Do you know ________the girl in red is?

—I’m not sure. Maybe a teacher.

A. when B. how C. where D. what

7.—What did your parents thank about your decision?

--They always let me do _______I think I should.

A. when B. that C. how D. what

8. I want to know ________.

A. when we should arrive at the airport B. when should we arrive at the airport

C. when the airport we should arrive at D. when the airport should we arrive at

9. --Would you please tell me __________?

--At 10:00 this evening.

A. when will the train leave B. when the train will leave C. when does the train leave

10.—Could you tell me________?

--Fill in this form and I will give you a card.

A. how I can meet Cathy B. where I can meet Cathy

11. –Do you know ________ the man with sunglasses is?

-I’m not sure. Maybe a reporter.

A. who B. what C. where D. how

12. -Tommy, do you know if Frank ________ to the zoo this Sunday if it ________?

-Sorry, I have no idea.

A. will go; is fine B. goes; is fine C. will go; is going to be fine D. goes; will be fine

13. No one can be sure_________ in a million years.

A. what man looks like B. what will man look like

C. what man looked like D. what man will look like 14. Sue told me that she _________ shopping with her sister the next day.

A. will go B. would go C. goes D. has gone C. when I can meet Cathy

15. The new-designed car is on show now. I wonder _________.

A. how much it cost B. how much did it cost C. how much it costs D. how much does it cost 16. -When do you think _________? -About half past five. I will pick him up at the airport.

A. he will come B. will he come C. did he come 17. Our teacher told us the sun ________ in the east. D. he came

A. rise B. rose C. rising D. rises

18. --Listen! It is still noisy in the head teacher’s office.

-Go and see ________ they have finished correcting the papers yet.

A. though B. whether C. unless D. while

19. -What time will Mr. Brown be back to China?

-Sorry. I don’t know ________.

A. when did he go abroad B. why he is going abroad

C. how soon will he be back D. how long he will stay abroad

20. –Do you know ________ the man with sunglasses is?

-I’m not sure. Maybe a reporter.

A. who B. what C. where D. how

二、习题练习

1. Do you know _______ during the coming summer holiday?

A. what will Tom do B. what did Tom do C. what Tom will do D. what Tom did

2. I want to know_________.

A. what is his name B. what’s his name C. that his name is D. what his name is

3. Do you know ________ I could pass the exam?

A. that B. whether C. what D. which

4. Jim doesn’t understand ____________.

A. which is the way to the museum B. why his wife always goes shopping

C. what is the way to the museum D. why does she always go shopping

5. ---Could you tell me ______ she is looking for?

A. that B. whose C. who D. which

习题练习

一. 1.C 2.D 3.B 4.B 5.C

二. 根据汉语句子的意思完成下列英语句子

4. 请你告诉我去钟楼怎麽走吗？

Could you tell me _______ I can get to the Bell Tower?

5. 父亲说他买了一台新电脑。

Father said that he ________ ________ a new computer..

6. 我想知道今天晚上还有没有去北京的火车。

I want to know _________ there is a train to Beijing.

7. 你知道一个双人间多少钱吗？

Do you know ______ _______ a double room ______?

9. 叔叔说他正在写一本新小说。

Uncle said that he ______ _______ a new novel.

10. 杰克说他有重要事情要做。

Jack said he _______ something important to do.

答案：二. 4.how 5.had bought 6.if (whether) 7.how much 9.was writing 10.had

典型例题：

1【解析】选C

2【解析】选B

3【解析】选A

4【解析】选C

5【解析】选C

6【解析】选D

7【解析】选D

8【解析】选A

9【解析】选B

10【解析】选A

11【解析】选B 12【解析】选A。结合题意―汤姆，如果天气好的话，你知道弗兰克这个星期六将去动物园吗？‖可知第一个空是宾语从句，要用一般将来时，第二个空是条件状语从句，要用一般现在时，故排除B、C、D三项，选A。

13【解析】选D。从语序方面先排除B，另结合时间状语in a million years可知要用一般将来时， 14【解析】选B。结合主句中的told和从句中的the next day可知要用过去将来时，故排除A、

C、D三项

15【解析】选C

16【解析】选A。问句是带有插入语do you think的宾语从句，要用陈述语序，先排除B、C二项；另结合答句中的will pick him up可知要用一般将来时，故舍D选A。

17【解析】选D。从句中所说―太阳从东边升起‖是客观事实，所以不管主句用什么时态，从句总是用一般现在时，故正确答案为D.

18【解析】选B。考查whether引导的宾语从句。结合题意―去看看他们是否已改完了试卷‖ 19【解析】选D

20【解析】选B。四个选项都可以引导宾语从句，结合答语―Maybe a reporter.‖可知问句是在询问人的职业，故正确答案为B。题意为―你知道那个戴眼镜的男人是做什么的吗？‖。

二、选择填空。

( ) 1. What did Mike say? He said ____________________.

A. if you are free the next week B. what colour was it

C. the weather is fine D. summer comes after spring

( ) 2. Tom asked my friend ________________.

A. where was he from B. that the earth is bigger than the moon

C. when did he come back D. not to be so angry

( ) 3. Let me tell you __________________.

A. how much is the car B. how much does the car cost

C. how much did I pay for the car D. how much I spent on the car

( ) 4. Peter knew _______________.

A. whether he has finished reading the book

B. why the boy had so many questions

C. there were 12 months in a year D. when they will leave for Paris

( )5. Could you tell me ___________?

A. where do you live B. who you are waiting for

C. who were you waiting for D. where you live in

答案：1—5: DDDBB

一、将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。

1．These flowers are from Guangdong. He said.

He said _______ these flowers _______ from Guangdong.

2. Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me.

My teacher told me _____ light _______ faster than sound.

3．There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didn’t know.

Jack didn’t know _____ there _____ ____ a meeting in five days.

4．Can they speak French? I want to know.

I want to know ______ _______ _______ _______ French.

5．Are the children playing games? Tell me.

Tell me ______ the children ______ ______ games.

6．Have you finished your homework yet? Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang.

Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang ____ _____ ____ ____ ___ homework yet.

7．How many people can you see in the picture? Who knows?

Who knows ______ _____ _____ ____ _____ ______ in the picture?

8．Where did she park her car? Do you know?

Do you know _____ _____ ____ her car?

9．What does he often talk about? The girl wondered.

The girl wondered _____ _____ often ________ about.

10．Who knocked at the door so loudly? I don’t know.

I don’ t know ____ _______ at the door so loudly.

参考答案：

一、1.that, were 2.that, travels 3.that, would be 4.if/whether they can speak

5.if/whether, are playing 6.if/whether he had finished his 7. how many people you can see 8.where she parked 9.what he, talked 10.who knocked

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