高考英语易错动词总结

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第一组:

spend/ take /cost

①spend的主语通常是“人”,即“某人在─花多少时间或金钱。” 例句:

1)The boy spends a lot of money.(in) playing computer games. (那个男孩花了很多钱玩电子游戏。)

2)She spent lots of money on books last year. (去年她花费很多钱在书本上。)

②take前常以it作形式主语,作“做某事需要花多少时间。” It takes +(人)+时间+ to do sth.

1)How long does it take you to finish the work? (你需要多少时间才能完成那工作?)

2)It took me an hour to repair my bike. (我花了一个小时修理自行车。)

3)It takes a lot of courage to tell the truth. (说真话需要很大的勇气。)

③cost的主语通常是事物,即指 ①某物值多少钱②需要多少时间③某人花了多少钱④使(某人)(丧失)(事/物)+cost+(人)+时间/金钱 [要学习网,只做中学生最喜欢、最实用的学习论坛,地址 www.yaoxuexi.cn 手机版地址 wap.yaoxuexi.cn] 1)The watch cost me two hundred yuan. (这块手表花了我200块钱。)

2)Writing a novel cost plenty of time. (写本小说要花很多时间。)

3)The girl's bad behavior cost her parents many sleepless nights. (那个女孩的不良行为使得她的父母许多夜晚睡不着。) 注意:cost的过去式,过去分词都是cost。

第二组:

speak/say/tell/talk

①speak说某种语言,说某人好、坏话是及物动词;发表讲话,对某人说话,是不及物动词。 1)The students speak English very fluently. (这些学生英语说得非常流利。)

2)The Prime Minister spoke on the international situation. (首相就国际形势发表了演说。) 3)She always speaks ill of others. (她总是说别人的坏话。) ②speak的习惯用语:

Generally speaking 一般而言 Frankly speaking 坦白地说 Strictly speaking 严格地说

not to speak of 且不说;更不用说

1)Generally speaking, man is stronger than woman. (一般而言,男人比女人强壮。)

2)We can speak English, not to speak of Chinese.

(我们会读英语,汉语更不用说了。) ④say说出某句话或某件事;后接从句,(但say与从句之间不能直接接人称代词或名词);说明时间;书信、布告报纸上的“说”,习惯用法 1)She said ,“I love you.” (她说:“我爱你。”) 2)Say goodbye to them. (跟他们说再见。)

3)She says she is busy. (她说她很忙。)

4)My watch says 10:00 sharp. (我的表是十点整。)

5)The paper says that there was a big fire in Shanghai. (报上说上海发生了一场大火)。

6)It is said that she has been away for a month. (据说她已走了一个月了)

7)It goes without saying that education is important. (不用说,教育是重要的。)

8)Tom is a good student, that is to say, he gets good grades in school. (Tom是个好学生,也就是说,他在学校的成绩很好。) ③ ①tell说谎;讲故事;说实话 1)Don't tell a lie. (不要说谎。)

2)She likes to tell stories. (她喜欢讲故事。)

3)We should always tell the truth. (我们应该永远说实话。)

③ ②tell辨别;叫某人做某事;接“间接”与“直接”宾语;tell+宾语+that从句 1)Sometimes we can't tell right from wrong. (有时我们无法辨别是非。) (他告诉我他要去那儿。) ④talk连续地说话;习惯用法

1)What are the girls talking about ? (那些女孩们讲什么?)

2)Young people like to talk politics. (年青人喜欢谈论政治。)

3)I talked over the matter with her. (我与她谈论了那个问题。)

第三组:

take /bring/carry/fetch

①take作“带去”“拿去”解;从近处把东西送到远处 例句:

1)She'll take her children to the park. (她要带孩子去公园。)

2)It's raining, you'd better take an umbrella with you. (下雨了;你最好把雨伞带上。)

②bring“拿来;带来”;从远处把东西拿到近外 1)Bring the dictionary to me. (把字典拿给我。)

2)Please bring your report with you when you come tomorrow. (明天你来的时候,请把你的报告带来。) ③carry作“携带,带去;搬运”解 1)She always carries a red handbag. (她总是带一个红色手包。)

2)Please carry this TV set upstairs. (请把这台电视搬到楼上去。)

④fetch作“去?取来,拿来;叫某人来”解

1)The football is over there. Fetch it please. (足球在那边呢,请把它拿回来。)

2)Fetch the police at once. We've found the robber. (马上去叫警察来,我们已经发现那个抢劫的人。)

第四组:

wear/put on/ dress

①wear穿着,戴;留,表示“状态”是及物动词需加宾语 例句:

1)She always wears a pair of glasses. (她总是戴着一副眼镜。)

2)He wears a black jacket today. (今天他穿着一件黑色的夹克。) ②put on穿上,戴上,表示“动作” 例句:

1)The teacher put on his hat and went out of the office. (老师戴上帽子然后走出办公室。)

2)Put on the gloves .It's cold outside. (戴上手套外面很凉。)

③dress作“穿着?的衣服”解;给某人穿衣服不用写衣服 例句:

1)She is dressed in red. (她穿着红衣服。)

2)The mother dresses the child every day.

(那位母亲每天给孩子穿衣服。)此句不能加衣服。 3)She dresses herself in red. (此句等于第一个例句。)

第五组: do /make

①do“做”主要是用来表示“行动”“行为”,如do omelets是“把蛋卷煎好”。在do

后面常加一些抽象名词,如do wrong(犯错)。“wrong”是抽象名词常与do搭配的短语有:

①do one's

②do (the) some

③do sb. a favor帮人忙 ④do with利用;忍受;需要 ⑤do away with废除

⑥do without用不着;不需要 ⑦have ⑧do sb.

⑨do nothing but do除了做?以外什么也没做 ⑩do business做生意 例句:

1)I'll do the dishes today. (今天我来洗盘子。) 2)I've done my homework. (我已经做完了作业。) 3)Crying does harm to you. (哭对你没有益处。)

4)Will you do me a favor? (能否帮我一个忙?)

5)We cannot do without a telephone in our business. (我们做生意没有电话是不行的。)

6)The new teacher didn't know what to do with the class. (新老师不知道如何对待他班上的学生。) 7)I did nothing but watch TV last night. (昨晚我除了看电视以外什么也没有做。) 8)Who does your hair?

(平常是谁给你做头发的?)

②make“作”,表示“制造”,其后的宾语是make的产品。如make clothes 制做衣服;make后常跟一些可数名词常与make动词搭配的短语有:

①make a [要学习网,只做中学生最喜欢、最实用的学习论坛,地址 www.yaoxuexi.cn 手机版地址 wap.yaoxuexi.cn] ②make an ③make ④make 例句:

1) They have make great progress in learning English. (在学习英语方面他们已经取得了很大的进步。) 2)Who is going to make a speech today? (今天谁来演说?) 3)Don't make a noise. 嘘!(不要出声。)

4)She makes her living as a teacher. (她作教师来维持生计。)

第六组: lie/lay/lie

1)lie不及物动词,躺;位于 lie—lay—lain—lying

例句:①Shanghai lies to the south of Beijing. (上海位于北京的南方。)

②She has lain in bed for three days. (她已经在床上躺了三天了。) 2)lay及物动词,放置;下蛋 lay—laid—laid—laying

例句:①These hens lay eggs every day. (这些鸡每天下蛋。)

②He laid his hand on my shoulder. (他把手放在我的肩上。) ③lie不及物动词,说谎 lie—lied—lied—lying 例句:①Don’t lie to me. (别骗我。)

②She lies about her career. (她编造她的经历。)

第七组:

hear/listen to

①hear听;是一种“自然无意的动作。”hear of听说过hear from得到消息 例句:The deaf cannot hear. (聋子听不见。)

②listen是一种“有意的动作。”如后面有宾语则需加to;如没有宾语,listen后不可加to。

例句:①Listen, somebody is crying. (听,有人在哭。)

②I listened but heard nothing. (我注意听了,但没听见什么。) ③Listen to me. (听我说。)

第八组: sit/set/seat

①sit不及物动;坐;就座; sit—sat—sat—sitting

例句:①He sat at the table writing a letter. (他坐在书桌旁写信。)

②Sit here until she comes back.

(坐在这里等她回来。)

③set安置;下沉;点燃;出考题;定时;树立(榜样) set—set—set—setting

例句:①Tom, set the table for dinner. (Tom,摆好桌子准备吃饭。)

②He set the alarm for 6:00 in the morning. (他把闹钟定在早晨6点钟。)

③My teacher set very difficult questions for the exam. (我们老师试题出得非常难。)

④The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. (太阳从东方升起从西方落下。) ③seat使坐;容纳

seat—seated—seated—seating

例句:①)The theater can seat at least 2000 people. (这家戏院至少能容纳2000人。) ②Please be seated.

(请坐下。)此句等于Sit down please. ③He seated himself next to her. (他坐在她的旁边。)

第九组:

rise/raise/arise/arouse/rouse

1)rise(太阳、月亮)升起,起来;(物价)上涨;(水)高涨 rise—rose—risen—rising

例句:①Everyone knows that the sun rises in the east. (每人都知道太阳是从东方升起。) ②Prices have risen quickly. (物价快速上涨了。)

③She rose to her feet. (她站了起来。)

2)raise举起;养育;募款

raise—raised—raised—raising 例句:①Raise your hand please. (请你把手举起来。)

②The farmer raises a lot of sheep on his farm. (这位农民在农场养了许多绵羊。)

③They are raising founds for the expedition. (他们正在筹募探险的基金。)

④arise(问题、困难)发生、产生、出现;起(风、雾) arise—arose—arisen—arising

例句:①A strong wind arose this morning. (今天早上刮起强风。)

②A different problem has arisen. (不同的问题发生了。)

③A mist arose from the lake.

(湖上起雾了。)

④arouse通常表示比喻或情绪方面的“激发” arouse─aroused─aroused─arousing

例句:①The book aroused my interest in learning English. (这本书引起我对学习英语感兴趣。)

②The speaker aroused the anger of the audience. (演讲者激起了听众的怒气。)

③rouse通常表示比较具体的“叫醒”或“唤醒” rouse─roused─roused─rousing

例句:①The sound roused him from reflection. (声音使他从深思中惊醒。)

②The lies he heard about his friend roused his anger. (听到有人对他朋友造谣,使他怒火中烧。)

第十组:

lend/借出borrow

1)lend+人+物=lend+物+to+人

例如:①Please lend me your dictionary.=Please lend your dictionary to me. (请把你的字典借给我。)

②I will lend you $200, but I can’t lend money to him. (我借给你200美元,但我不能借钱给他。) borrow借入

borrow+物+from+人

①She has borrowed a lot of books from the school library. (她已从学校的图书馆借了很多书。) ②He often borrows money from me. (他经常从我这儿借钱。)

第十一组:

fall/feel/fell/fail/

fall─fell─fallen落下;跌倒 fall asleep睡着/fall behind落后 例句:①An apple fell to the ground. (一个苹果落在地上。)

②Be careful on the ice or you will fall. (在冰上要小心,否则你会跌倒。) feel─felt─felt

feel like+doing sth.想要; feel sleepy.想睡

例句:①Can you feel your heart beat violently? (你能感觉到你的心在猛烈地跳动吗?) ②Both my legs didn’t feel. (我的双腿没有感觉。)

③I suddenly felt a pain in my back. (我突然感到背部疼痛。)

④Do you feel like taking a walk? (你想不想去散步?)

fell─felled─felled砍伐

例句:A lot of trees were felled last night. (昨晚很多树被人伐倒了。) fail─failed─failed失败

例句:He has failed in English exam again. (他英语考试又没及格。)

第十二组: win/beat

win─won─won

win a prize得到奖品win a war打了胜仗

win a game赢得比赛win an election选举获胜

例句:①Our team won the same 3 to 2 last night. (昨晚我们队以3比2赢了比赛。)

②Who do you think will win the beauty contest? (你认为那场选美谁会获胜?) ③beat─beat─beaten beat是打败了对手

例句:①He beat me in the race. (他在赛跑中赢了我。)

②We have beaten their team for 3 years. (我们已连续3年打败他们的球队。)

③My heart beat fast at the sight of her. (一看见她,我的心跳就加快。)

第十三组:

cure/recover/restore/heal

1)cure——cured——cured 治疗(疾病) 物+cure+人+of+病=人+be cured of+病

例句:①This medicine will cure your headache. (这种药会治好你的头痛病。)

②The doctor cured her of a cold. (医生医好了她的感冒。)

③She was cured of her disease. (她的痛被治好了。)

2)recover——recovered——recovered 恢复(健康);痊愈;复元与from连用

例句:①After a few days' rest, she has recovered her health. (休息几天后,她已恢复健康。)

②They haven't recovered from the shock yet. (他们还未从那次打击中恢复过来。) 3)restore——restored——restored 使?恢复健康;修复;重建

例句:①The doctor restored the girl to health. (医生恢复了那个女孩的健康。) =The girl was restored to health.

②The workers have already restored the ruined temple. (工人们已修复了这座毁坏的寺庙。) 4)heal——healed——healed 主要指伤口的治愈;消除;平息。

例句:①His wound is not yet healed. (他的伤口尚未痊愈。)

②Time heals all broken hearts. (时间可以消除一切忧伤。)

第十四组:

reach/arrive/get to

1)reach——reached——reached 及物动词到达,不加to等分词。

例句:They will reach Shanghai tonight. (今晚他们将抵达上海。)

2)arrive——arrived——arrived

不及物动词到达,加介词in(大地方)at小地方。 例句:①I'll phone you when I arrive in New York. (我到纽约后会给你电话。)

②What time will they arrive at the airport? (他们什么时候会到达机场?) 3)get——got——gotten(got)

不及物动词需加上to加上地点表示到达,但接地点副词时不加to。 例句:①What time does the train get to Beijing? (火车什么时间到达北京?)

②When I set to Japan, I'll write to you. (我到了日本就给你写信。) ③They got home safely. (他们平安到家。)

注①:此处home是副词不能加to。

注②:“到达”reach=arrive at (in)=get to 到达上海 到达家/这里/那里

第十五组: hang/hang

1)hang——hanged——hanged

及物动词吊死;处(人)绞刑;上吊。 例句:①He hanged himself last week. (上星期他上吊自杀了。)

②The man was hanged for murder. (那个男子因谋杀罪被处绞刑。) hang——hung——hung

及物动词把?挂上;把?吊起。

例句:①She hung curtains over the windows. (她把窗帘挂上窗上。)

②A picture is hung on the wall. (墙上挂着一幅画。)

第十六组: affect/effect

1)affect——affected——affected

及物动词对?影响,感动(人的)心,使感动

例句:①The noise from the street affected our study. (马路上的噪音影响我们学习。) ②Her story affected us deeply. (她的故事深深地打动我们的心。) 2)effect——effected——effected

及物动词使产生;实现?(目的),造成?(结果) effect很少作动词用,通常只跟change连用。

例句①It will effect, no change of importance. (不会引起重大的变化。)

第十七组:

thank/appreciate

1)thank——thanked——thanked 感谢,后接人

例句:①You don't have to thank me. (你不必向我道谢。)

②She thanked me for my help. (她感谢我帮忙。)

③appreciate——appreciated——appreciated 感激;欣赏,后接事或物

例句:①I greatly appreciate your help. (我很感激你的帮助。)

②She doesn't appreciate good English poetry. (她不会欣赏好的英语诗歌。)

第十八组:

choose/select/elect/pick out 1)choose——chose——chosen

挑选;选拔;选择,指凭自己的判断力在人或物中进行挑选,而不强调精选。 例句:①I'd like to choose a new tie for me. (我想给自己挑一条新领带。)

②I want to choose her a nice present. (我想要挑选一份精美的礼物送给她。)

③The football players chose him as their team leader. (足球队员们选他当队长。)

2)select精选;挑选;选定,强调慎重考虑后的选择。 例句:①The farmer taught us how to select seeds. (这位农民教我们如何选种。)

②She was selected from among many applicants. (她是从许多报名者中选拔出来的。)

③Have you read selected works of Lu Xun? (你读过《鲁迅选集》吗?) 3)elect选举;推选

例句:①We elected her monitor. (我们推选她为班长。) ②We elected him mayor. (我们选他为市长。)

③pick out 认出;挑出;挑选;多用口语

例句:①I picked out an old friend in a crowd. (我从人群中认出了一位老朋友。)

②She picked out the shoes that match the dress. (她选出搭配那件衣服的鞋子。)

第十九组:

join/join in/take part in/attend

1)join及物动词加入(团体,组织,参军)、同??一起干或玩、连接 例句:①I joined the Party in 1975. (我1975年入党。)

②His brother joined the army two years ago. (两年前他哥哥参军。)

③They are planning to join the two towns by a railway. (他们在计划用一条铁路把两个镇连接起来。) 2)join in 参加(某些活动)

例句:①May I join in your discussion? (我可以参加你们的讨论吗?)

②Many people join in the game every year. (每年许多人参加这个游戏活动。)

③He joined in the work without a second thought. (他未加思索地参加了那项工作。)

3)take part in 参加(群众性活动,会议等)参加者持积极态度,起一份作用。 例句:①A lot of students took part in the thorough cleaning yesterday. (昨天许多学生参加大扫除。)

②A lot of college students took part in the movement last year. (去年很多大学生参加了那个运动。) 4)attend 出席,参加,到场;上学

例句:①Did you attend the meeting last week? (上星期你出席会议了吗?)

②He was ill so he didn't attend his classes. (他生病了,所以没上学。) 注意:attend的词语搭配

attend a ceremony 参加典礼 attend a funeral 参加葬礼 attend a lecture 听演讲 attend a concert 听音乐会 attend church 上教堂

第二十组:

beat/hit/strike

1)beat——beat——beaten

(连续地)打;击败;(心)跳动 例句:①My heart is beating fast. (我的心跳得很快。)

②They beat us in the match.

(在这次比赛中,他们把我们击败了。) ③The rain was beating on the windows. (雨点敲打着窗子。)

2)hit 打;击中;想出(后接on)

例句:①The football hit him in the eye. (足球打在他的眼睛上了。) ②He hit on a good idea. (他想出了一个好主意。)

③He hit his head hard on the floor when he fell down. (当他倒下时,头重重地碰到地板上。) 3)strike——struck——struck

打;敲;打动(心);擦(火柴);报时;突然想到,用途较广。 例句:①Strike while the iron is hot. (趁热打铁。)

②Don't strike the man with a stick. (不要用棒子打那个男人。)

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