英语语法专题复习(一)冠词重要考点及历年真题

2012高考英语专题复习

（一）冠词重要考点及历年真题

不定冠词

一、a（an)+可数名词单数表泛指，或者第一次提到的人、物前加a

1、（2011全国，33）（） man.

A.a; a B.a; the C.the; the D.a; 不填

2、（2011全国卷II，16）As he reached ， strange sight.

A. the;不填 B. a; the C.不填a D. the; a

。

3、重庆卷，26In communication，a smile is usually __ strong sign of a friendly and __ open

attitude.

A. the， / B. a， an C. a， / D. the， an

4、（2010重庆）Everything comes with price; there is no such thing as free lunch in the

world.

A. a， a B. the， / C. the， a D. a， /

5、（2010四川）In most countries， a university degree can give you flying start in life.

A. the; a B. the; 不填 C.不填; 不填 D.不填; a

6、（2009重庆）has become popular name.

A. a; the B. /; a C. /; the D. the; a

7、（2009全国II）What I need is book that contains ABC of oil painting.

A. a; 不填 B. the; 不填 C. the; an D. a; the

9、（2008重庆）In many places in China, _____ bicycle is still _____ popular means of transportation.

A. a; the B. /; a C. the; a D. the;the

。

10、（2008山东）Students should be encouraged to use ______ Internet as ______ resource.

A. 不填；a B. 不填; the C. the; the D. the; a

（解析）D the Internet因特网, 为固定搭配；as a resource “作为一种资源”, 此处用a表示泛指。

11、（2007 湖南）Polar bears live mostly on ______sea ice, which they use as ______platform for

hunting seals.

A. a; a B. a; the C. 不填; a D. the; 不填

12、（2006 山东）For him ____ stage is just ___ means of making a living.

A. a; a B.the; a C. the ; the D. a; the

。

13、（2002 NMET）Jumping out of _______ airplane at ten thousand feet is quite _______ exciting

experience.

A. 不填；the B. 不填；an C. an; an D. the; the

二、在某些抽象名词前加不定冠词可使抽象名词具体化

（一）表示情感、情绪的词前加a，强调具体的人或事，常用词有surprise、pleasure、honor、pity、

pride、comfort、success、danger、failure等。

1、（2010福建）It’s m＿

＿ pleasure.

A. 不填， a B. a， 不填 C. the， a D. a， the

2、（2008全国II）It’s not ___ good idea to drive for four hours without ______ break.

A. a ; a B. the ; a C. the ; the D. a ; the

3、（2007 福建）—How about Christmas evening party?

—I should say it was success.

A.a; a B.The; a

A. / … a

。 B. the … / C.a;不填 D.the; 不填 4、（2007 江苏）We have every reason to believe that__ 2008 Beijing Olympic Games will be__ success. C. the … a D. a … a

（二）表示“一份”“一杯”“一种”“一阵”等含义，常与动词构成短语，名词前常有形容词修饰

1、（2007 浙江）I like _____ color of your skirt. It is _____ good match for your blouse.

A. a; the B. a; a C. the; a D. the; the

2、（2002上海）One way to understand thousands of new words is to gain______good knowledge of

basic word formation.

A. / B. the C. a D. one

3、（2000 NMET）Most animals have little connection with unless they kill them for food.

A.the；a B.不填；a C.the；the D.不填；the

。

三、比较级前加不定冠词，表示更

1、（2010山东）If we sit near _______ front of the bus，we’ll have _______ better view.

A. 不填； the B. 不填；a C. the; a D. the；the

2（2009安徽）We can never expect less polluted world. 2

A. a; a B. a; the C. the; a D. the; the

3、（2009四川）In order to find _______ better job， he decided to study _____ second foreign language.

A. the; a B. a; a C. the; the D. a; the

4、（2004 辽宁）When you finish reading the book, you will have ____better understanding of___life.

A. a;the B. the;a C. 不填;the D. a;不填

四、序数词前加不定冠词，表示再一，又一，相当于another，不表顺序

1、（2010北京）First impressions are the most lasting. After all， you never get _____ second chance to

make _____ first impression.

A. a; the B. the; the C. a; a D. the; a

2、（2002上海春）The cakes are delicious. He’d like to have third one because

second one is rather too small.

A. a；a B. the；the C. a；the D. the；a

五、常用在quite/rather/half/many/such/what + a/an+形容词+单数可数名词；so（as，too，how）＋

形容词+a/an+单数可数名词结构中

（2010重庆27）Everything comes with price; there is no such thing as free lunch in the

world.

A. a， a B. the， /

every

C. the， a D. a， / 六、用于表示价格、速度、比率、重量、长度、时间等名词之前，有“每一”之义，相当于each，

江西卷22——It’s said John will be in a job paying over ＄60，000 _____ year.

—— Right， he will also get paid by _____ week.

A. the; the B. a; the C. the; a D.a; a

（解析）B 前半句：据说John将会有一份年工资超过60000美金的工作，表时间单位每年，冠

词用a；后半句：没错，他也将会以每周的方式得到薪水。by后面接具体的计量方式用定冠词the。

七、用在人名前，表示一个叫……的人

1、（2006 全国Ⅰ）---- Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith?

----- Sorry, wrong number. There isn’t______ Mr. Smith here.

A. 不填 B. a C. the D. one

2、（2005山东）I knew ______ John Lennon, but not ______ famous one.

A. 不填；a B. a；the C. 不填；the D. the；a

3、（2004全国Ⅳ）－John, there is －I’m in bath.

A.a;the B.the;a C.a;不填 D.the;不填

八、用于有修饰词的乐器、三餐、季节、日期、独一无二事物前

（2007 山东）________ walk is expected to last all day, so bring_______ packed lunch.

A. A;a B. The; 不填 C. The ; a D. A ; 不填

。

九、most前也可加不定冠词，这时，most表示“非常”。

This is （） most useful reference book.

十、习惯用法 have a rest， have a break， take a walk， have a look， in a moment， in a minute，

once upon a time， twice a month， four times an hour ，a little ， a few ， a lot ， a type of ， a

pile ， a great many ，many a ，as a rule ，in a hurry ， in a word ，in a short while ，after a while ，

have a cold ， have a try

定冠词

一、the+单数可数名词表示特指或指某一类事物

1、（2011全国卷II，16）As he reached front door，Jack saw strange sight.

A. the;不填 B. a; the C.不填a D. the; a

2、（2010山东）If we sit near _______ front of the bus， we’ll have _______ better view.

A. 不填； the B. 不填；a C. the; a D. the；the

3、（2009北京）The biggest whale is ______ blue whale， which grows to be about 29 meters long—the

height of _______ 9-story building.

A. the; the B. a; a C. a; the D. the; a

4、（2007陕西）In film Cast Away.Tom Hanks plays man named Chuck Noland.

A.a; the B.the; a C.the; the D.a; a

5、（2007 北京）I looked under _____bed and found ______book I lost last week.

A.the; a B. the: the C. 不填；the D. the:;不填

。

二、the+不可数名词或者复数名词表特指

1、（2010浙江）Many lifestyle patterns do such great harm to health that they actually speed up weakening of the human body.

A. a; / B. /; the

C. a; the D. /; /

。

2、（2009江西）Some people fear that ________ air pollution may bring about changes in _______

weather around the world.

A. /; the B. the; / C. an; the D. the; a

3、（2008辽宁）My neighbor asked me to go for ______ walk, but I don’t think I’ve got ______ energy.

A. a; 不填 B. the; the C. 不填；the D. a; the

4、（2008湖南）Have you heard ______ news？The price of _______ petrol is going up again!

A. the， the B. 不填， the C. the， 不填 D. 不填， 不填

三、特指上文提到过的人或事；说话双方都知道的人或事

2010浙江2， 2008江苏21，2007山东21， 2011全国卷二16，

1、（2011山东卷，21）Take your time—it’s just _____short distance from here to_____ restaurant.

A.不填；the B. a; the C. the; a D.不填；a

2、（2011浙江卷，2）Experts think that _____recently discovered painting may be _____ Picsso.

A.the ;不填 B. a ;the C. a ; 不填 D. the; a

3、（2009海南）that’ll take your mind off the problem for A. the; the B. the; a C. a; the D. a ; a

4、（2009陕西6）What pity that you couldn’t be there to receive prize!

A. a; a B. the; a C. a; the D. the; the

5、（2009浙江2）I don’t understand what the engineer means，but I’ve got __rough idea of __project

plan.

A. the; a B. 不填; the C. the; 不填 D. a; the

6、（2006 北京）—I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over _________ keyboard.

— You shouldn't put drinks near _________ computer.

A. the;不填 B. the;a C. a;不填 D. a;a

四、世上独一无二的事物前 the sun，the sky，the moon，the earth，the world 2010辽宁22

（2010辽宁22）There are over 58， 000 rocky objects in ______ space， about 900 of which could fall

down onto _______ earth.

A. the; the B. 不填; the C. the; 不填 D. a; the

五、用在序数词和形容词最高级前，及形容词only，very，same等前面

"Where do you live？I live on the second floor.

He is the tallest in his class.

That’s the very thing I’ve been looking for.

1、（2011陕西卷13）As is known to all， People’s Republic of China isbiggest

developing country in the world.

A.the ;不填 B. 不填 ；the C. the ；the D. 不填；不填

。

2、（2006 辽宁）Of all reasons for my decision to become a university professor, my father’s

advice was A.the;a B.不填；a C.不填;the D.the;the

（3、（2000春上海）Where’s nearest bookstore?

―There’s one at end of the street.

A.the an B.a the C.the the D.a an

。

六、用在表示身体部位的名词前，表示所有，相当于物主代词：

动词+sb+介词+the+身体部位

hit/knock/strike/pat+sb.+in/on+the+部位

catch/grasp/pull/push/take/seize+sb.+by+the+部位 be

blind/lame/wounded+in+the+部位

1、（2008浙江2）______ apple fell from the tree and hit him on ______ head.

A. An; the B. The; the C. An; 不填 D. The; 不填

。

2、（2001上海）A bullet hit the soldier and he was wounded in_______leg.

A.a B.one C.the D.his

七、用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前 the Great wall，the

United states 2007江苏21，2011陕西13

1、（2011陕西卷，13）As is known to all， ople’s Republic of China isbiggest

developing country in the world.

A.the ;不填 B. 不填 ；the C. the ；the D. 不填；不填

。

2、（2006 陕西）According to________ World Health Organization, health care plans are needed in all

big cities to prevent________ spread of AIDS.

A.the;不填 B.the;the C.a;a D.不填;the

。

3、（2005江苏）On May 5, 2005, at________ World Table Tennis Championship, Kong Linghui and

Wang Hao won the gold medal in men's doubles with ________ score of 4: 1.

A. a; a B. 不填; the C. a; 不填 D. the; a

（

4、（2005安徽）After dinner he gave Mr. Richardson ______ ride to ______ Capital Airport.

A. the; a B. a; the C. 不填; a D.不填; the

八、by+the+具体的计量单位名词，表示按、以、论。。。。。。，(size，weight，time等除外，与by连

用时，前面不加定冠词) by the hour，by the day，by the week，by the dozen，by the thousand，

by the ton，by the kilo Apples are sold by weight。 2011江西22

江西卷22——It’s said John will be in a job paying over ＄60，000 _____ year.

—— Right， he will also get paid by _____ week.

A. the; the B. a; the C. the; a D.a; a

九、用在表示方位、时间的词组和习惯用语前

in the west/east/north/south on the left/right in the morning/afternoon/evening in the end

（2000春京皖）Summers in ________ south of France are for ________ most part dry and sunny.

A. 不填; a B. the; 不填 C. 不填;不填 D. the; the

十、用于姓氏复数前，表示一家人

（2007 全国II）—Could you tell me the way to ____ Johnsons, please?

—Sorry, we don’t have ____ Johnson here in the village.

A. the; the B. the; a C. /; the D. the; /

十一、用于形容词比较级前面，强调或暗含“两者中较或更 的一个”，the+形容词比较级+of the

two

She is the taller of the two girls.

十二、用“the+比较级+主语+谓语，the+比较级+主语+谓语”，表示“越 越 ”，有时，结

构中的主语和谓语可以省略。

The closer you stay to nature,the more you will appreciate her beauty. The sooner， the better.

十三、习惯用法 in the day，in the morning （afternoon，evening），the day after tomorrow，the day

before yesterday，the next morning，in the sky （water，field，country）in the dark，in the rain，in the

distance，in the middle （of），in the end，on the whole，by the way，go to the theater

零冠词

一、表示泛指的复数名词、物质名词、抽象名词前常不用冠词。

1、（2010福建）It’s m ＿

＿ pleasure.

A. 不填， a B. a， 不填 C. the， a D. a， the

2、（2010四川），a university degree can give you A. the; a B. the; 不填 C.不填; 不填 D.不填; a

。

3、（2009江西）Some people fear that ________ air pollution may bring about changes in _______

weather around the world.

A. /; the B. the; / C. an; the D. the; a

。

4、（2007江西）

A.a;/ B.the; a C.the;the D./;a

。

5、（2006 重庆）Everywhere man has cut down ______forests in order to grow crops, or to use_____

wood as fuel or as building material.

A.the;the B.the;/ C./；the D./；/

6、（2005北京）It is often said that ______ teachers have ______ very easy life.

A. 不填；不填 B. 不填；a C. the ；不填 D. the；a

二、国名，人名，地名等专有名词前通常不用冠词，但如果前面有修饰词时，要用不定冠词

（2010江苏21）The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that_______ people from all walks of

life are working hard for_____ new Jiangsu.

A.不填； a B. 不填；the C. the； a D. the； the

三、在称呼或表示官衔，职位的名词前不加冠词

四川18Dr.Peter Spenceheadmaster of the school， told us， pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.”

A. 不填；A B.不填；The C.the; The D.a; A

。

四、一些by引起的短语中名词前不用加冠词

（1）与by连用的交通工具名称前：by train（乘火车）by car（乘汽车）by plane(乘飞机)

（2）与by连用的水陆空名词前：by sea (由海路)by air（通过航空） by river（由水路）

（3）与by连用的一些其他名词前：by radio（由无线电） by hand （手工）by force（凭借武力）

1、（2008江苏21）We went right round to the west coast by ______ sea instead of driving across ______

continent.

A. the; the B.不填；the C. the; 不填 D. 不填；不填

。

2、（2005全国Ⅱ）If you go by _________ train, you can have quite a comfortable journey, but make sure you get __________ fast one.

A. the; the B. 不填；a C. the; a D. 不填；不填

五、 一些表示地点的名词，如：bed, church, school, hospital, home, work等。当人们去这些地方做在这些地方应该做的事时，不加冠词；如果加上定冠词the，则表示去这些场所做其他的事情。如： go home回家 go to work上班

go to school去上学

He went to the school to speak to the headmaster.他来学校和校长谈话。（不是上学）

go to church去教堂祈祷

He went to the church to see the carvings.他去教堂看雕刻。（不是祈祷）

in hospital住院

His mother is in hospital and he has been in the hospital to take care of her.

他妈妈生病住院了，他就一直在医院里面照顾她。

1、（2007 重庆）Gorge couldn’t remember when he first met Mr. Anderson, but he was sure it was _____ Sunday because everybody was at _______ church.

A. /; the B. the; / C. a; / D. /; a

2、（2005辽宁）This book tells ________ life story of John Smith, who left ______ school and worked for a newspaper at the age of 16.

A. the; the B. a; the C. the; 不填 D. a; 不填

。

六、在单纯的季节、月份、节日、假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前，不加冠词；但在中国民间传统节日前常加定冠词

Spring， June， Monday， New Year’s Day， breakfast，the Spring Festival

七、学科、语言名词前不用冠词 study Physics\Chinese\English\Chemistry

八、名词前有指示代词、物主代词、不定代词、名词所有格修饰时，不用冠词

I like this picture。

I do not have any money。

This is peter’s dictionary。

九、go、turn用作系动词时，后面用作表语的名词前不加冠词

He turned writer many years later。

He has gone lawyer。

十、在三餐、球类、棋类运动和娱乐运动的名称前，不加冠词

have breakfast；play basketball；play chess

十一、习惯用法

ahead of time 提前 at first sight乍一看，in silence 在沉默中 in charge负责 hand in hand 手拉手，in space在太空

本文来源：https://www.bwwdw.com/article/wnej.html