2017年虹口区高三英语二模卷(2017.04)

2017年虹口区高三英语二模卷

2017.04

II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A

Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Loss of Biodiversity (生物多样性) Affects Human Society

If a species of bee disappears forever or a particular plant is extinct, what does it have to do with us humans? Well, according to a team of international scientists, biodiversity is dropping below levels (21) ______ (consider) safe for the health and happiness of human societies.

The issue is that everything is inter-connected and ecosystems support our societies (22) ______ they provide us with, for example, food, fibres and fuels. If species go on disappearing, this can disturb many vital processes (23) ______ crop pollination (授粉) and the decomposition (分解) of waste.

A framework which defines the environmental limits within (24) ______ humans can really operate -- called planetary boundaries -- says (25) ______ (lose) more than 10% of the biodiversity in an area places the local ecosystem at risk. Ecosystems are all different but this percentage is considered as a good measure of safety.

A study published in the magazine Science suggests that 58% of the world’s land surface (26) ______ (reduce) below this level already. These areas house 71% of the global population. Professor Andy Purvis, from Imperial College London and the Natural History Museum, is one of the authors of the study. He says, ―Once we’re the wrong side of the boundary, (27) ______ doesn’t mean everything goes wrong immediately, but there is a remarkable higher risk (28) ______ things will go badly wrong.‖

The researchers found that grasslands, savannas and shrub lands were most affected by biodiversity loss on average. Purvis hopes this report (29) ______ become a wake-up call to those who design policies. Here’s his warning: ―Decision-makers worry a lot about economic recessions (衰退), but an ecological recession could have even (30) ______ (bad) consequences – and the biodiversity damage we’ve had means we’re at risk of that happening. Until and unless we can bring biodiversity back up, we’re playing ecological roulette (轮盘赌).‖

Section B

Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. characteristic B. environmentally C. announced D. imports E. exposing F. invest G. extensively H. acquire I. machinery J. competitiveness K. crucial

China Set to Make Own Ballpoint Pen Tips

One of China’s major stainless steel (不锈钢) producers has independently developed the special steel needed to make the ballpoint pen tips and plans to mass-produce the material to replace __31__ in two years.

The group has spent five years on research and development to __32__ the technology, ending a long-term Chinese reliance on foreign pen tips.

Without this technology, China’s pen manufacturers, which produce 38 billion ballpoint pens per year, have had to purchase the __33__ parts from overseas markets, costing the industry $17.3 million a year, according to the China National Light Industry Council.

―It will be one of our __34__ products in the long run, and we will try more materials for tips of ballpoint pens to remain competitive,‖ said Li Jianmin, director of TISCO’s research and development center.

Wang Huimian, TISCO’s senior engineer, said the company will __35__ more financial resources and manpower to develop next-generation ballpoint pen tips in a(n) __36__ friendly way to further compete with rivals in Japan and Switzerland.

―If these real economy-related factors are underdeveloped, its key __37__ won’t be strong,‖ said Wang.

The pen tip issue was first brought into the spotlight by Premier Li Keqiang in January last year, __38__ a major issue facing Chinese manufacturers — weak competitiveness in key technology.

Making such products requires high-precision __39__ and extremely-thin steel plates. Special microelements must be added to liquid steel to make a quality tip that can write continually for at least 800 meters.

Eager to enhance its earning ability, the company __40__ that it planned to produce 10.5 million metric tons of steel this year, including 4.5 million stainless steel products.

Zhao Ying, a researcher at the Institute of Industrial Economics of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences in Beijing, said, ―All these elements can be reached only through long-term investment and increasing development,‖ he said.

III. Reading Comprehension Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

Throughout history, many lives have been lost at the hands of severe weather. Meteorologists (气象学家) and scientists alike are always investigating new ways to increase the warning time for storms, with the hope of reducing the __41__ of lives. In the past few decades, local weather radar advancements have been made, which allow for better accuracy in __42__ the paths of storms.

Meteorologists and scientists have been able to successfully track severe thunderstorms and possible tornadoes by using an advanced tracking system called NEXRAD (Next-Generation Radar). NEXRAD is a tracking network __43__ 158 Doppler weather radars. And during a storm this high-resolution computerized __44__ takes readings on the amount of precipitation (降水) in the air, the movements in the clouds, and the wind speeds.

These __45__ are bounced back to a local weather computer, and a colorful image appears on the

screen, giving meteorologists a clear picture of what kind of weather is on the horizon. This final image is what you see when the meteorologist breaks in with severe weather reports and warnings. __46__, on your television screen you will see a computer animated image of the approaching storm.

If the storm is severe enough, then the National Weather Service (NWS) will __47__ severe weather reports of severe thunderstorm warnings for your area. __48__, the storm captured on the radar will have produced strong readable winds, detectable lightning, and some hail (冰雹). Paying attention to the weather map is __49__ when severe weather is around.

On the television screen you will see several colors on the precipitation map, __50__ from blue (the lightest) to black (the heaviest). If the colors for your __51__ area are yellow, take caution. If the colors range between orange and red, take cover immediately, as damaging winds and dangerous lightning have been reported.

When local weather radar in Atlanta, Georgia reported high winds, __52__ wind patterns and large hail earlier this year, the National Weather Service issued a tornado __53__. Meteorologists in the area used the collected data to predict what path the storm would take, __54__ which areas needed to be warned.

Thanks to this technology, most residents received the severe weather reports early enough to seek __55__ before the storm hit. Paying attention to your local weather source during severe weather plays a vital role in your safety.

41.A. loss B. increase C. protection D. value 42.A. changing B. controlling C. predicting D. guiding 43.A. faced with B. exposed to C. involved in D. made up of 44.A. structure B. system C. mode D. style 45.A. figures B. data C. readings D. statistics 46. A. Most likely B. Most evidently C. Most interestingly D. Most importantly 47.A. decide B. estimate C. handle D. issue 48.A. By the way B. In that case C. To some extent D. On the contrary 49.A. vital B. reasonable C. normal D. available 50.A. expanding B. spreading C. ranging D. extending 51.A. proper B. specific C. typical D. regular 52.A. straight B. unique C. general D. circular 53.A. process B. threat C. warning D. sign 54.A. indicating B. recognizing C. revealing D. recommending 55.A. rescue B. residence C. support D. shelter Section B

Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

(A) In this section we consider what you can do to train your brain to improve your game playing skills. 1. Daily workout

It is very easy to find tactical puzzles and train. However, you must try to solve them. Don’t just stare at the position for 10 seconds and then turn to the solution. You won’t learn anything. Have a go at trying to solve the puzzle. If you got it right then great ---- well done. However, if you got it wrong, then have another look. Ask yourself questions such as the following:

? Why did I get it wrong?

? What was wrong with my solution?

? What was the weakness that the tactic exploited? Where can you find tactical puzzles?

It’s easy. They are everywhere. Many newspapers, including Independent, and magazines have a daily or weekly chess puzzle. Key ―chess puzzles‖ into Google and you’ll find a whole load of them. There are plenty of puzzle books. 2. Use software

Nowadays chess software is terribly cheap. World Champion Vladimir Kramnik recently lost a match 4 – 2 against a software program. This program is available for about ￡30.

In general, people use chess software for the wrong reasons. They often play game after game against the machine and get beaten every time. Bored with this, they turn the playing level right down so that the program is almost playing random moves and then they can beat it every time and feel better.

Neither method will help you improve. However, chess software can be a fantastically useful learning tool if used in two particular ways.

The first is if you have tried to solve a puzzle but it’s a bit too difficult and you don’t really understand the solution. Never mind ---- well done for trying. Now set the position up on the program and try different moves. Chess software is faultless at tactical play. It will instantly tell you the right and wrong moves and why they do or don’t work.

Secondly you can run over games you have played to learn where you have gone wrong and where you could have improved. Get into the habit of keeping the score (i.e. writing down the moves) of games that you play. This will help you to improve and refine your understanding of tactical themes and patterns.

56. What would be the best title of this passage? A. How to Train Your Brain

B. Where to Find Tactical Puzzles C. Daily Workout and Use of Software

D. How to Improve Your Chess-Playing Skills

57. The underlined part ―tactical puzzles‖ in the second paragraph most probably means ______. A. puzzles making us better understand themes and patterns of difficult games B. puzzles showing us how to train our brains to think more effectively C. puzzles teaching us some skills to play more difficult games D. puzzles only teaching us how to play chess games well

58. Which of the following would be the right way of using chess software? A. Playing as many games against the machine as possible. B. Always trying difficult puzzles to improve your chess skills.

C. Running over games you’ve played to learn from mistakes and improve.

D. Turning the playing level down to build your self confidence and feel better. 59. What does the writer think about chess software? A. Chess software will help a lot if properly used.

B. Chess software below 30 pounds is too cheap to use.

C. Chess software is a fantastically useful learning tool in daily work.

D. Chess software helps improve understanding of tactical themes and patterns.

(B)

Innovation for Everyone – Career Skills for Life

Invitation to Alumni (校友) Networking Event Organized by University of Warwick and British Council

We are delighted to invite you to an alumni networking event on Tuesday 14 March, 7-9 pm at the Le Royal Méridien Hotel, Shanghai. The event is organized by the University of Warwick and the British Council and is open to all alumni.

Come and join us for refreshments, followed by four short presentations on the importance of innovation and entrepreneurship (创业) skills in your career and the launch of new career initiatives for students and alumni, before spending time networking with friends and other UK alumni over a buffet dinner.

The place for this event is the Le Royal Méridien Hotel, No.789 Nanjing East Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai. The Le Royal Méridien Hotel is located in People's Square in Shanghai and is easily accessed by subway, bus or taxi. DATE AND TIME

Tue 14 March 2017 19:00 – 21:00 CST LOCATION

Le Royal Méridien Hotel No.789 Nanjing East Road Huangpu District Shanghai PROGRAMME 7:00 pm Registration and welcome refreshments 7:15 – 7:25 pm ―An overview of Graduate Employability (就业能力) among UK-educated Chinese Alumni and British Council Activities to Support Alumni Career Development‖, Cathy He, Head of Education Services, British Council 7:25 – 7:35 pm 7:35 – 7:45 pm ―The Importance of Career Planning: from the SJTU Viewpoint‖, Mr. Shen, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Careers ―The Importance of Innovation Skills Throughout Your Career: An Employer Viewpoint‖, John Hung, Managing Partner, China Consumer & Industrial Products Industry and Automotive Sector, Deloitte, China ―New Resources to Enhance the Employability of Chinese Students and Graduates‖, Esther de Perlaky, International Manager, University of Warwick

7:45 – 7:55 pm

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