土木工程专业英语词汇(整理版)

第一部分必须掌握，第二部分尽量掌握

第一部分：

1 Finite Element Method 有限单元法

2 专业英语Specialty English

3 水利工程Hydraulic Engineering

4 土木工程Civil Engineering

5 地下工程Underground Engineering

6 岩土工程Geotechnical Engineering

7 道路工程Road (Highway) Engineering

8 桥梁工程Bridge Engineering

9 隧道工程Tunnel Engineering

10 工程力学Engineering Mechanics

11 交通工程Traffic Engineering

12 港口工程Port Engineering

13 安全性safety

17木结构timber structure

18 砌体结构masonry structure

19 混凝土结构concrete structure

20 钢结构steelstructure

21 钢-混凝土复合结构steel and concrete composite structure

22 素混凝土plain concrete

23 钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete

24 钢筋rebar

25 预应力混凝土pre-stressed concrete

26 静定结构statically determinate structure

27 超静定结构statically indeterminate structure

28 桁架结构truss structure

29 空间网架结构spatial grid structure

30 近海工程offshore engineering

31 静力学statics

32运动学kinematics

33 动力学dynamics

34 简支梁simply supported beam

35 固定支座fixed bearing

36弹性力学elasticity

37 塑性力学plasticity

38 弹塑性力学elaso-plasticity

39 断裂力学fracture Mechanics

40 土力学soil mechanics

41 水力学hydraulics

42 流体力学fluid mechanics

43 固体力学solid mechanics

44 集中力concentrated force

45 压力pressure

46 静水压力hydrostatic pressure

47 均布压力uniform pressure

48 体力body force

49 重力gravity

50 线荷载line load

51 弯矩bending moment

52 torque 扭矩

53 应力stress

54 应变stain

55 正应力normal stress

56 剪应力shearing stress

57 主应力principal stress

58 变形deformation

59 内力internal force

60 偏移量挠度deflection

61 settlement 沉降

62 屈曲失稳buckle

63 轴力axial force

64 允许应力allowable stress

65 疲劳分析fatigue analysis

66 梁beam

67 壳shell

68 板plate

69 桥bridge

70 桩pile

71 主动土压力active earth pressure

72 被动土压力passive earth pressure

73 承载力load-bearing capacity

74 水位water Height

75 位移displacement

76 结构力学structural mechanics

77 材料力学material mechanics

78 经纬仪altometer

79 水准仪level

80 学科discipline

81 子学科sub-discipline

82 期刊journal ,periodical

83文献literature

84 ISSN International Standard Serial Number 国际标准刊号

85 ISBN International Standard Book Number 国际标准书

号

86 卷volume

87 期number 88 专著monograph

89 会议论文集Proceeding

-精品

90 学位论文thesis, dissertation

91 专利patent

92 档案档案室archive

93 国际学术会议conference

94 导师advisor

95 学位论文答辩defense of thesis

96 博士研究生doctorate student

97 研究生postgraduate

98 EI Engineering Index 工程索引

99 SCI Science Citation Index 科学引文索引

100ISTP Index to Science and Technology Proceedings 科学技术会议论文集索引

101 题目title

102 摘要abstract

103 全文full-text

104 参考文献reference

105 联络单位、所属单位affiliation

106 主题词Subject

107 关键字keyword

108 ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers 美国土木工程师协会

109 FHWA Federal Highway Administration 联邦公路总署110 ISO International Standard Organization

111 解析方法analytical method

112 数值方法numerical method

113 计算computation

114 说明书instruction

第二部分：

岩土工程专业词汇

1.geotechnical engineering岩土工程

2.foundation engineering基础工程

3.soil, earth土

4.soil mechanics土力学

cyclic loading周期荷载

unloading卸载

reloading再加载

viscoelastic foundation粘弹性地基

viscous damping粘滞阻尼

shear modulus剪切模量

5.soil dynamics土动力学

6.stress path应力路径

7.numerical geotechanics 数值岩土力学

二. 土的分类1.residual soil残积土groundwater level地下水位 2.groundwater 地下水groundwater table地下水位3.clay minerals粘土矿物 4.secondary minerals次生矿物

55699edd657d27284b73f242336c1eb91b373389ndslides滑坡

6.bore hole columnar section钻孔柱状图

7.engineering geologic investigation工程地质勘察8.boulder

漂石9.cobble卵石10.gravel砂石11.gravelly sand砾砂

12.coarse sand粗砂13.medium sand中砂14.fine sand细砂

15.silty sand粉土16.clayey soil粘性土17.clay粘土18.silty

clay粉质粘土19.silt粉土20.sandy silt砂质粉土21.clayey silt粘质粉土22.saturated soil饱和土23.unsaturated soil非饱和土24.fill (soil)填土25.overconsolidated soil超固结土

26.normally consolidated soil正常固结土

27.underconsolidated soil欠固结土28.zonal soil区域性土

29.soft clay软粘土30.expansive (swelling) soil膨胀土31.peat

泥炭32.loess黄土33.frozen soil冻土24.degree of saturation饱和度25.dry unit weight干重度

26.moist unit weight湿重度

45.ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and

Geotechnical Engineering 国际土力学与岩土工程学会

四. 渗透性和渗流

1.Darcy’s law 达西定律

2.piping管涌

3.flowing soil流土

4.sand boiling砂沸

5.flow net流网

6.seepage渗透（流）

7.leakage渗流8.seepage pressure渗透压力9.permeability渗

透性

10.seepage force渗透力

11.hydraulic gradient水力梯度12.coefficient of permeability

渗透系数

五. 地基应力和变形

1.soft soil软土

2.(negative) skin friction of driven pile打入桩

（负）摩阻力3.effective stress有效应力4.total stress总应力

5.field vane shear strength十字板抗剪强度

6.low activity低活性

7.sensitivity灵敏度

8.triaxial test三轴试

验9.foundation design基础设计10.recompaction再压缩

11.bearing capacity承载力12.soil mass土体

13.contact stress (pressure)接触应力（压力）

14.concentrated load集中荷载15.a semi-infinite elastic solid

半无限弹性体16.homogeneous均质17.isotropic各向同性

18.strip footing条基19.square spread footing方形独立基础

20.underlying soil (stratum ,strata)下卧层（土）

21.dead load =sustained load恒载持续荷载22.live load活载

23.short –term transient load短期瞬时荷载

24.long-term transient load长期荷载25.reduced load折算荷

载26.settlement沉降27.deformation变形28.casing套管

29.dike=dyke堤（防）30.clay fraction粘粒粒组31.physical

properties物理性质32.subgrade路基33.well-graded soil级配良好土34.poorly-graded soil级配不良土35.normal stresses正应力36.shear stresses剪应力37.principal plane主

-精品

平面

38.major (intermediate, minor) principal stress最大（中、最小）主应力39.Mohr-Coulomb failure condition摩尔-库仑破坏条件40.FEM=finite element method有限元法

41.limit equilibrium method极限平衡法

42.pore water pressure孔隙水压力

43.preconsolidation pressure先期固结压力

44.modulus of compressibility压缩模量

45.coefficent of compressibility压缩系数

55699edd657d27284b73f242336c1eb91b373389pression index压缩指数47.swelling index回弹指数48.geostatic stress自重应力49.additional stress附加应力50.total stress总应力51.final settlement最终沉降52.slip line 滑动线

六. 基坑开挖与降水1 excavation开挖（挖方）2 dewatering （基坑）降水3 failure of foundation基坑失稳

4 bracing of foundation pit基坑围护

5 bottom heave=basal heave （基坑）底隆起

6 retaining wall挡土墙

7 pore-pressure distribution孔压分布

8 dewatering method降低地下水位法

9 well point system井点系统（轻型）10 deep well point深井点11 vacuum well point真空井点12 braced cuts支撑围护13 braced excavation支撑开挖14 braced sheeting支撑挡板

七. 深基础--deep foundation 1.pile foundation桩基础

1)cast –in-place灌注桩diving casting cast-in-place pile沉管灌注桩bored pile钻孔桩special-shaped cast-in-place pile机控异型灌注桩piles set into rock嵌岩灌注桩rammed bulb pile夯扩桩

2)belled pier foundation钻孔墩基础drilled-pier foundation

钻孔扩底墩under-reamed bored pier

3)precast concrete pile预制混凝土桩

4)steel pile钢桩steel pipe pile钢管桩steel sheet pile 钢板桩

5)prestressed concrete pile预应力混凝土桩prestressed concrete pipe pile预应力混凝土管桩2.caisson foundation沉井（箱）3.diaphragm wall地下连续墙截水墙4.friction pile 摩擦桩5.end-bearing pile端承桩6.shaft竖井；桩身7.wave equation analysis波动方程分析8.pile caps承台（桩帽）9.bearing capacity of single pile单桩承载力55699edd657d27284b73f242336c1eb91b373389teral pile load test单桩横向载荷试验11.ultimate lateral resistance of single pile单桩横向极限承载力12.static load test of pile单桩竖向静荷载试验13.vertical allowable load capacity单桩竖向容许承载力14.low pile cap低桩承台15.high-rise pile cap高桩承台16.vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile单桩抗拔极限承载力17.silent piling静力压桩18.uplift pile抗拔桩19.anti-slide pile抗滑桩

20.pile groups群桩21.efficiency factor of pile groups群桩效率系数（η）

22.efficiency of pile groups群桩效应23.dynamic pile testing 桩基动测技术

24.final set最后贯入度25.dynamic load test of pile桩动荷载试验

26.pile integrity test桩的完整性试验27.pile head=butt桩头28.pile tip=pile point=pile toe桩端（头）29.pile spacing桩距30.pile plan桩位布置图31.arrangement of piles =pile layout 桩的布置

32.group action群桩作用33.end bearing=tip resistance桩端阻34.skin(side) friction=shaft resistance桩侧阻

35.pile cushion桩垫36.pile driving(by vibration) （振动）打桩37.pile pulling test拔桩试验38.pile shoe桩靴39.pile noise打桩噪音40.pile rig打桩机

九. 固结consolidation

1.Terzzaghi’s consolidation theory太沙基固结理论

2.Barraon’s consolidation theory巴隆固结理论

3.Biot’s consolidation theory比奥固结理论

4.over consolidation ration (OCR)超固结比

5.overconsolidation soil超固结土

6.excess pore water pressure超孔压力

7.multi-dimensional consolidation多维固结

8.one-dimensional consolidation一维固结

9.primary consolidation主固结

10.secondary consolidation次固结

11.degree of consolidation固结度12.consolidation test固结试验13.consolidation curve固结曲线14.time factor Tv时间因子

15.coefficient of consolidation固结系数

16.preconsolidation pressure前期固结压力

17.principle of effective stress有效应力原理

18.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结

十. 抗剪强度shear strength 1.undrained shear strength不排水抗剪强度

2.residual strength残余强度

3.long-term strength长期强度

4.peak strength峰值强度

5.shear strain rate剪切应变速率

6.dilatation剪胀

7.effective stress approach of shear strength 剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法8.total stress approach of shear strength抗剪强度总应力法9.Mohr-Coulomb theory莫尔－库仑理论10.angle of internal friction内摩擦角11.cohesion粘聚力12.failure criterion破坏准则13.vane strength十字板抗剪强度

14.unconfined compression无侧限抗压强度

15.effective stress failure envelop有效应力破坏包线

-精品

16.effective stress strength parameter有效应力强度参数

十一. 本构模型--constitutive model

1.elastic model弹性模型

2.nonlinear elastic model非线性弹性模型

3.elastoplastic model弹塑性模型

4.viscoelastic model粘弹性模型

5.boundary surface model边界面模型

6.Duncan-Chang model邓肯－张模型

7.rigid plastic model刚塑性模型

8.cap model盖帽模型

9.work softening加工软化10.work hardening加工硬化11.Cambridge model剑桥模型

12.ideal elastoplastic model理想弹塑性模型

13.Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion莫尔－库仑屈服准则

14.yield surface屈服面

15.elastic half-space foundation model弹性半空间地基模型

16.elastic modulus弹性模量17.Winkler foundation model文克尔地基模型

十二. 地基承载力--bearing capacity of foundation soil

1.punching shear failure冲剪破坏

2.general shear failure整体剪切破化

3.local shear failure局部剪切破坏

4.state of limit equilibrium极限平衡状态

5.critical edge pressure临塑荷载

6.stability of foundation soil地基稳定性

7.ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil地基极限承载力

8.allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil地基容许承载力

十三. 土压力--earth pressure

1.active earth pressure主动土压力

2.passive earth pressure被动土压力

3.earth pressure at rest静止土压力

4.Coulomb’s earth pressure theory库仑土压力理论

5.Rankine’s earth pressure theory朗金土压力理论

十四. 土坡稳定分析--slope stability analysis

1.angle of repose休止角

2.Bishop method毕肖普法

3.safety factor of slope边坡稳定安全系数

4.Fellenius method of slices费纽伦斯条分法

5.Swedish circle method瑞典圆弧滑动法

6.slices method条分法

十五. 挡土墙--retaining wall

1.stability of retaining wall挡土墙稳定性

2.foundation wall基础墙

3.counter retaining wall扶壁式挡土墙

4.cantilever retaining wall悬臂式挡土墙

5.cantilever sheet pile wall悬臂式板桩墙

6.gravity retaining wall重力式挡土墙

7.anchored plate retaining wall锚定板挡土墙

8.anchored sheet pile wall锚定板板桩墙

十六. 板桩结构物--sheet pile structure 1.steel sheet pile钢板桩2.reinforced concrete sheet pile钢筋混凝土板桩3.steel

piles钢桩4.wooden sheet pile木板桩5.timber piles木桩

十七. 浅基础--shallow foundation 1.box foundation箱型基础

2.mat(raft) foundation片筏基础

3.strip foundation条形基础

4.spread footing扩展基础

55699edd657d27284b73f242336c1eb91b373389pensated foundation补偿性

基础6.bearing stratum持力层7.rigid foundation刚性基础

8.flexible foundation柔性基础

9.embedded depth of foundation基础埋置深度

55699edd657d27284b73f242336c1eb91b373389 foundation pressure基底附加应力

11.structure-foundation-soil interaction analysis上部结构－基

础－地基共同作用分析

十八. 土的动力性质--dynamic properties of soils

1.dynamic strength of soils动强度

2.wave velocity method波

速法3.material damping材料阻尼4.geometric damping几何阻尼5.damping ratio阻尼比6.initial liquefaction初始液化

7.natural period of soil site地基固有周期

8.dynamic shear modulus of soils动剪切模量9.dynamic ma

二十. 地基基础抗震 1.earthquake engineering地震工程

2.soil dynamics土动力学

3.duration of earthquake地震持续

时间 4.earthquake response spectrum地震反应谱

5.earthquake intensity地震烈度

6.earthquake magnitude震级

7.seismic predominant period地震卓越周期8.maximum

acceleration of earthquake地震最大加速度

二十一. 室内土工实验1.high pressure consolidation test高压固结试验2.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结试验

3.falling head permeability变水头试验

4.constant head permeability常水头渗透试验

5.unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test不固结不排水试验

(UU)

6.consolidated undrained triaxial test固结不排水试验(CU)

7.consolidated drained triaxial test固结排水试验(CD)

55699edd657d27284b73f242336c1eb91b373389paction test击实试验

9.consolidated quick direct shear test固结快剪试验

10.quick direct shear test快剪试验

11.consolidated drained direct shear test慢剪试验

12.sieve analysis筛分析13.geotechnical model test土工模型

试验14.centrifugal

model test离心模型试验

15.direct shear apparatus直剪仪16.direct shear test直剪试验

17.direct simple shear test直接单剪试验

18.dynamic triaxial test三轴试验19.dynamic simple shear动

单剪20.free（resonance）vibration column test自(共)振柱试验

二十二. 原位测试1.standard penetration test (SPT)标准贯入试验 2.surface wave test (SWT)表面波试验 3.dynamic penetration test(DPT)动力触探试验4.static cone penetration

-精品

(SPT) 静力触探试验 5.plate loading test静力荷载试验55699edd657d27284b73f242336c1eb91b373389teral load test of pile 单桩横向载荷试验7.static load test

of pile 单桩竖向荷载试验8.cross-hole test 跨孔试验9.screw plate test螺旋板载荷试验10.pressuremeter test旁压

试验11.light sounding轻便触探试验12.deep settlement measurement深层沉降观测13.vane shear test十字板剪切试

验14.field permeability test现场渗透试验15.in-situ pore water pressure measurement 原位孔隙水压量测16.in-situ soil test原位试验

-精品

本文来源：https://www.bwwdw.com/article/wlgq.html