第3讲 状语从句

英语学科优化学案

时间： 年 月 日

课 题 第 3 讲 状语从句 教学目标 2.正确选择关系动词 1.掌握状语从句的判定 1.状语从句的引导词与介词的用法比较；状语从句与定语从句引导词的辨析 3.Whatever,whenever,wherever等引导词与no matter wh-等引导词的不同用 知识回顾

学科 英语 重、难点 2.能够辨别同类状语从句中近似词的用法差异 教学内容 错题回顾

1.【2013年陕西卷】 I have heard a lot of good things about you ______ I came back from abroad. A. since B. until C. before D. when

2.【2013年湖南卷】You must learn to consult your feelings and your reason______ you reach any decision. A.although B.before C.because D.unless

3.【2013年安徽卷】It’s much easier to make friends ______ you have similar interests. A. unless B. when C. even though D. so that

4.【2012山东卷】He smiled politely ______ Mary apologized for her drunken friends. A. as B. if C. unless D. though

5.【2012山东卷】A number of high buildings have arisen _______ there was nothing a year ago but ruins. A. when B. where C. before D. until

6.【2011四川卷】As it reported, it is 100 years _________Qinghua University was founded. A. when B. before C. after D. since

真题回顾

1 – What shall we do tonight then? – ___ – whatever you want.

A. Help yourself B. It’s a deal C. No problem D. It’s up to you

2 He missed ___ gold in the high jump, but will get ___ second chance in the long jump. A. the; the B. 不填; a C. the; a D. a; 不填、

3 That evening, ___ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late. A. that B. which C. what D. When

4 Sarah made ___ to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning. A. herself B. This C. that D. it

5 Tony lent me the money, ___ that I’d do as much for him. A. hoping B. to hope C. hoped D. having hoped

6 I had hardly got to the office ___ my wife phone me to go back home at once. A. when B. than C. until D. After

7 We ___ to paint the whole house but finished only the front part that day. A. set about B. set up C. set out D. set down 8 Next to biology, I like physics ___ .

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A. better B. best C. the better D. very well 9 – Did you ask Sophia for help?

– I ___ need to – I managed perfectly well on my own.

A. wouldn’t B. don’t C. didn’t D. won’t

10 The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy ___ anything that happened to be on.

A. to watch B. watching C. watched D. to have watched 11 100℃ is the temperature ___ which water will boil. A. for B. at C. on D. Of

12 I’m going to Europe on vacation together with John if I ___ find the money. A. can B. Might C. would D. Need

13 The manager ___ the workers how to improve the program since 9 a.m.

A. has told B. is telling C. has been telling D. will have told 14 The Harry Potter books are quite popular; they are in great ___ in this city. A. quality B. progress C. production D. demand 15 – Try not to work yourself too hard. Take it easy. – Thanks. ___

A. So what? B. No way. C. What for? D. You, too. 专题讲解 五． 结果状语从句

that, so that（从句中不带情态动词）, so…that(如此……以致……), such…that(如此……以致……)等。

【例】 Jenny is such a clever girl that all the teachers like her very much

= Jenny is so clever a girl that all the teachers like her very much

注意：so + 形容词/副词 + that从句；such + 名词 + that从句。

但是，当名词前有many, much, few, little(少)修饰时，要用so,不能用such。 【例】 I have had so many falls that I am black and blue all over.

He has so few friends that he often feels lonely.

I had so little money then that I couldn’t afford a little present.

六． 条件状语从句

if（如果）,unless（除非）, so /as long as（只要）, as/ so far as（就……而言）, on condition that（条件是……）suppose（假设）supposing（假设）（仅用在问句中）等词或词组引导。一般情况下当主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时。

【例】 As/So long as we don’t lose heart, we’ll find a way to overcome the difficulty.

If you leave at 6 o’clock tomorrow morning, you’d better get to bed now. We’ll let you use the room on condition that you keep it clean and tidy.

七． 方式状语从句

as（与……一样）, as if（仿佛）, as though（仿佛） 【例】 Do in Rome as the Romans do.入乡随俗。

Leave things as they are.让一切顺其自然。

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She stood at the door as if (=as though) she were waiting for someone.

（由as if或 as though引导的从句中可用虚拟语气）

八． 比较状语从句

than（比）, as（与……一样）

【例】 It rains more often in Shanghai than in Beijing.上海下的雨比北京的多。

常见句型：the +比较级，the +比较级

【例】 The busier he is, the happier he feels.他越忙越开心。

九． 让步状语从句

although（尽管）, though（尽管）, however（无论怎样）,whatever（无论什么）, whoever（无论谁）, whomever（无论谁）, whichever（无论哪个）,whenever（无论何时）, wherever（无论哪里）, whether（是否）, no matter (who, what, where, when) （无论……）, even if（即使）, even though（即使）等词引导。

【例】 We won’t be discouraged even if(=even though) we fail ten times.

It was an exciting game, though / although no goals were scored.

连词as也可以引导让步状语从句，但从句中要用特殊语序。如：

【例】 Young as he is, he knows a lot=Though he is young 或Young though he is, he….

他虽然年轻，但懂得很多。(though 也有这种用法，可以替换as,但although没有这种用法)

巩固练习 1.（2011新课标卷22）Try she might, Sue couldn’t get the door open. A. if B. when C. since D. as

2.（2011北京卷29）__________volleyball is her main focus, she’s also great at basketball. A. Since B. Once C. Unless D. While

3.（2011上海卷36）If a lot of people say a film is not good, I won’t bother to see it, or I’ll wait _______ it comes out on DVD. A. whether B. after C. though D. until 4.（2011上海卷37）The police officers in our city work hard _________the rest of us can live a safe life.

A. in case B. as if C. in order that D. only if

5.（2011江西卷29）Please call my secretary to arrange a meeting this afternoon, or ______ it is convenient to you. A. whenever B. however C. whichever D. wherever

6.（2011浙江卷4）One Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend away______my daughter heard cries for help. A. after B. while C. since D. when

7.（2011四川卷4）Frank insisted that he was not asleep _________I had great difficulty in waking him up.

A. whether B. although C. for D. so

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8.（2011四川卷6）As it reported, it is 100 years __________Qinghua University was founded. A. when B. before C. after D. since

9.（2011辽宁卷29）He had no sooner finished his speech _________ the students started cheering. A. since B. as C. when D. than

10.（2011陕西卷17）The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be _________the present one.

A. as three times big as B. three times as big as C. as big as three times D. as big three times as 拓展提高 You may think that sailing is a difficult sport, but it is really not hard to learn it. You do not need to be strong. But you need to be quick. And you need to understand a few basic rules about the wind. First, you must ask yourself, ―Where is the wind coming from? Is it coming from ahead or behind or from the side?‖ You must think about this all the time on the boat. The wind direction tells you what to do with the sail.

Let’s start with the wind blowing from the behind. This means the wind and the boat are going in the same direction. Then you must always keep the sail outside the boat. It should be at a 90° angle (角度) to the boat. Then it will catch the wind best.

If the wind is blowing from the side, it is blowing across the boat. In this case, you must keep the sail half way outside the boat. It should be at a 45° angle to the boat. It needs to be out far enough to catch the wind, but it shouldn’t flap (摆动). It shouldn’t look like on a flagpole. If it is flapping, it is probably out too far, and the boat will slow down.

Sailing into the wind is not possible. If you try, the sail will flap and the boat will stop. You may want to go in that direction. It is possible, but you can’t go in a straight line. You must go first in one direction and then in another. This is called tacking. When you are tacking, you must always keep the sail inside the boat.

1. What should you consider first while sailing?

A. Sailors’ strength. B. Wave levels. C. Wind directions. D. Size of sails.

2. What does the word ―It‖ underlined in Paragraph 4 refer to?

A. The boat. B. The wind. C. The sail. D. The angle. 3. What do you have to do when sailing against the wind? A. Move in a straight line. B. Allow the sail to flap. C. Lower the sail. D. Tack the boat. 4. Where can you probably find the text?

A. In a popular magazine. B. In a tourist guidebook. C. In a physics textbook. D. In an official report.

Facial expressions carry meaning that is determined by situations and relationships. For example, in American culture (文化) the smile is in general an expression of pleasure. Yet it also has other uses. A woman’s smile at a police officer does not carry the same meaning as the smile she gives to a young child. A smile may show love or politeness. It can also hide true feelings. It often causes confusion (困惑) across cultures. For example, many people in Russia smiling at strangers in public to be unusual and even improper. Yet many Americans smile freely at strangers in public places (although this is less common in big cities). Some Russians believe that Americans smile in the

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wrong places; some Americans believe that Russians don’t smile enough. In Southeast Asian culture, a smile is frequently used to cover painful feelings. Vietnamese people may tell a sad story but end the story with a smile.

Our faces show emotions (情感), but we should not attempt to ―read‖ people from another culture as we would ―read‖ someone from our own culture. The fact that members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as do members of another does not mean that they do not experience emotions. Rather, there are cultural differences in the amount of facial expressions permitted. For example, in public and in formal situations many Japanese do not show their emotions as freely as Americans do. When with friends, Japanese and Americans seem to show their emotions similarly.

It is difficult to generalize about Americans and facial expressiveness because of personal and cultural differences in the United States. People from certain cultural backgrounds in the United States seem to be more facially expressive than others. The key is to try not to judge people whose ways of showing emotion are different. If we judge according to our own cultural habits, we may make the mistake of ―reading‖ the other person incorrectly. 1 . What does the smile usually mean in the U.S.?

A. Love. B. Politeness. C. Joy. D. Thankfulness. 2. The author mentions the smile of the Vietnamese to prove that smile can ___ . A. show friendliness to strangers B. be used to hide true feelings C. be used in the wrong places D. show personal habits 3. What should we do before attempting to ―read‖ people? A. Learn about their relations with others. B. Understand their cultural backgrounds. C. Find out about their past experience. D. Figure out what they will do next. 4. What would be the best title for the test?

A. Cultural Differences B. Smiles and Relationship C. Facial Expressiveness D. Habits and Emotions

课后巩固 1.（2011陕西卷19）________all of them are strong candidates, only one will be chosen for the post. A. Since B. While C. If D. As 2.（2011天津卷5）_______ regular exercise is very important, it’s never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.

A.It B. As C.Although D.Unless

3.（2011重庆卷30）To show our respect, we usually have to take our gloves off ______ we are to shake hands with.

A.whichever B.whenever C.whoever D.wherever 4.（2011湖南卷33）Jack wasn’t saying anything, but the teacher smiled at him _______he had done something very clever.

A .as if B. in case C. while D. Though 5.（2011新课标卷25）—Someone wants you on the phone.

— nobody knows I am here. A.Although B.And C.But D.So

6.（09浙江）The medicine works more effectively _____ you drink some hot water after taking it.

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A. as B. until C. although D. If

当堂测试 训练时间：_____ 分数______

1. ______ we have enough evidence, we can't win the case. A. Once B. As long as C. Unless D. Since 2. ―You can’t judge a book by its cover,‖ ________ .

A. as the saying goes old B. goes as the old saying C. as the old saying goes D. goes as old the saying

3. He is so busy. He cannot afford enough time with his son ______ he wants to. A. even if B. as if C. because D. before

4. They promised to develop a software package by the end of this year, ______ they might have. A. however difficult B. how difficult C. whatever difficulty D. what difficulty 5. One can always manage to do more things, no matter____ full one’s schedule is in life. A. how B. what C. when D. where

6. I don't believe we've met before, I must say you do look familiar. A. therefore B. although C. since D. unless 7. —Look at those clouds!

—Don’t worry. ______ it rains, we’ll still have a great time. A. Even if B.As though C. In case D. If only 8. All the photographs in this book, _______ stated otherwise, date from the 1950s. A. unless B. until C. once D. if

9. Hot _______the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey. A. although B. as C. while D. however 10. You can borrow my car you promise not to drive too fast. A．unless B．even if C．in case D．as long as

11. It is hard for the Greek government to get over the present difficulties_________ gets more

financial support from the European Union.

A. if B. unless C. because D. since

12. —Did you return Fred’s call?

—I didn’t need to ____ I’ll see him tomorrow.

A. though B. unless C. when D. because

13. I’m sorry you’ve been waiting so long， but it’ll still be some time _____ Brian gets back. A. before B. since C. till D. after 14. We’ll have a picnic in the park this Sunday _____ it rains or it’s very cold. A.since B. if C. unless D. until

15. Nancy enjoyed herself so much she visited her friends in Sydney last year. A.that B.which C.when D.where 16. You’d better not leave the medicine kids can get at it. A.even if B.which C.where D.so that

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A. as B. until C. although D. If

当堂测试 训练时间：_____ 分数______

1. ______ we have enough evidence, we can't win the case. A. Once B. As long as C. Unless D. Since 2. ―You can’t judge a book by its cover,‖ ________ .

A. as the saying goes old B. goes as the old saying C. as the old saying goes D. goes as old the saying

3. He is so busy. He cannot afford enough time with his son ______ he wants to. A. even if B. as if C. because D. before

4. They promised to develop a software package by the end of this year, ______ they might have. A. however difficult B. how difficult C. whatever difficulty D. what difficulty 5. One can always manage to do more things, no matter____ full one’s schedule is in life. A. how B. what C. when D. where

6. I don't believe we've met before, I must say you do look familiar. A. therefore B. although C. since D. unless 7. —Look at those clouds!

—Don’t worry. ______ it rains, we’ll still have a great time. A. Even if B.As though C. In case D. If only 8. All the photographs in this book, _______ stated otherwise, date from the 1950s. A. unless B. until C. once D. if

9. Hot _______the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey. A. although B. as C. while D. however 10. You can borrow my car you promise not to drive too fast. A．unless B．even if C．in case D．as long as

11. It is hard for the Greek government to get over the present difficulties_________ gets more

financial support from the European Union.

A. if B. unless C. because D. since

12. —Did you return Fred’s call?

—I didn’t need to ____ I’ll see him tomorrow.

A. though B. unless C. when D. because

13. I’m sorry you’ve been waiting so long， but it’ll still be some time _____ Brian gets back. A. before B. since C. till D. after 14. We’ll have a picnic in the park this Sunday _____ it rains or it’s very cold. A.since B. if C. unless D. until

15. Nancy enjoyed herself so much she visited her friends in Sydney last year. A.that B.which C.when D.where 16. You’d better not leave the medicine kids can get at it. A.even if B.which C.where D.so that

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