全国教育硕士英语（毛大威）学生用书参考

全国在职教育硕士英语 学生用书 第二版Unit 3

Unit 3 Travel

Prepare Yourself Do you know ?

tourist resort旅游胜地 landscape scenery 山水风光

virgin forest 原始森林 hitchhiking 沿途免费搭乘他人便车旅行 outdoor adventures户外冒险活动 a camper 野营者

How do you say it ?

远足hike 兜风go for a ride 观光sight-seeing 探险explore, exploration 交游go outing 滑雪 skiing

冲浪surfing 睡袋sleeping bag 导游图 tourist map 夏令营summer camp

Make up a sentence

Once in the wilderness, your chief worry will be, not how to avoid other hikers, but how not to get lost!

在空旷的野外，你最担心的不是避开旅游高峰，而是怕迷了路！

Happiness takes no account of time.

Text1 Enjoy the Great Outdoors

Few countries have such a varied and tempting outdoors as the USA. There is every kind of climate except tropical; Arctic in Alaska, Mediterranean in southern California, temperate in the northwest and northeast, subtropical in Florida, desert in Arizona and New Mexico. Death Valley, California, has the most consistently high summer temperature in the world It sometimes persists at 132°F. 很少有国家像美国那样具有各种各样诱人的户外活动。除热带气候外，各种气候都具备。阿拉斯加的极地气候，加利福尼州北部的地中海式气候，东北部和西北部的温带气候，佛罗里达州的亚热带气候，亚里桑那州和新墨西哥州的沙漠气候。加利福尼亚的死亡之谷，在夏季始终保持着全世界的最高温度，有时高达132华氏度。

As for the landscape, it is enormously varied and spectacular. In the west there are the Rocky Mountains and the Sierra Nevada, with their snow-capped peaks, and in the east the wild, forest-covered Appalachians, whose highest summit is nearly 7000 feet. There is an abundance of waterfall, gentle rivers, lakes that are small and intimate or vast like the Great Lakes, Lake Superior is the largest freshwater lake in the world and the waves which break on its shores are like the waves of the sea. In winter and in spring, campers, are tempted by the clear skies and dazzling multi-colored rocks of Arizona, Colorado and New Mexico. Even the bleak splendor of Death Valley attracts many winter visitors.

至于山水，那可是多种多样，引人入胜，颇为壮观。西部有落基山脉和内华达山脉，那里白

雪皑皑；在东部，有森林覆盖的阿拉巴契山脉，它的最高峰近7000英尺。这儿有丰富的瀑布群和涓涓小河，既有祥和宁静的小湖泊，也有像GREAT LAKES那样的大湖，这里有世界上最大的淡水湖—--苏必利尔湖。那里的波浪像大海波涛一样汹涌澎湃。冬春季节，亚里桑那、科罗拉多、和新墨西哥州和洁静滑雪和眼花缭乱的多彩岩石吸引了大批宿营人。 Everything worth seeing in the USA is accessible to campers, picnickers and vacationers. Freeways, highways, unpaved secondary roads lead you to places from where you can push off into the wilderness. Once in the wilderness, your chief worry will be, not how to avoid other hikers, but how not to get lost!

在美国最值得一瞧的是宿营人、野炊人和度假人的便利。高速路、高等公路、未铺油的二等公路四通八达，从你动身之处一直到野外。在空旷的野外，你最担心的不是避开旅游高峰，而是怕迷了路！

The unique contributions of the United States to those who love the great outdoors are the National Parks and State Parks. They are beautifully organized and give particular thought to campers. There are also campsites by the sea, which are hidden from the beach by a line of sand dunes, or a thick belt of trees .Wherever you go ,you can nearly always find picnic places complete with wooden tables and benches, garbage cans and restrooms.

美国为野外活动爱好者们所作的特殊贡献就是建立了众多的国家公园，及州立公园，这些公园布局漂亮，体现了对野营爱好者的特殊关爱。海边有许多野营营地，这些营地，或隐匿在海滩一连串的沙丘后，或在海滩茂密的林带后面。无论你走到哪里，几乎能找到地方野餐，这些地方设备齐全，全都配有木制桌子、长凳、垃圾桶和洗手间。

Many Americans, young and old, prefer camping in vehicles, called campers. There are many different kinds, from the extremely luxurious to the convertible pick-up truck. There are monster campers with every imaginable luxury, from deep freezes and microwave ovens, to plush carpets and color television sets. They can accommodate four people comfortably, and they do not necessarily belong to rich people.

有很多美国人，不管老少，更愿自己开车野营。车型多种多样，有特别豪华奢侈的，也有可折叠的轻型皮卡，许多野营者豪华程度难以想像，深色的冰箱，微波炉，长绒地毯到彩电，可以很舒服给四个人提供宿膳。但这并不仅仅是富人的专利。

Some retired couples put a large part of their savings into these “homes on wheels” and spend half the year roaming the country. It satisfies a craving for the great open spaces that some of them still have in their advanced years, and it is at the same time a cheap way to live. If the price of gas goes up any further, they will simply roam less far.

许多老夫妇把他们大部分积蓄花费在“车轮子上的家”，一年中的大半时间在国内游历，在他们的有生之年仍然心醉于渴望到开阔的地方，并且这也是一种省钱的生活方式，如果汽油价格上扬，他们就将减少游历。

Even the smallest camper cannot negotiate the steeper and more tortuous roads which lead far into the wilderness. So the adventurous often strap bicycles or motorbikes to the front of their campers. Then they are free to follow the smallest tracks up the mountains, across the

deserts or into the forests.

即使是行装最简的野营者也不能够穿过陡峭险峻、蜿蜒曲折的通往野外的山间小路，这时野营者常常把他们的自行车或摩托车捆在野营地前面，然后一身轻松地穿过山间小路，穿过沙漠或森林。

Others travel the country in four-wheel-drive vehicles. They may carry with them canoes or rafts, in which they travel down rivers controlled by the National Park Service. These rivers flow through wildernesses. The adventures can camp on the riverbanks, but they are forbidden to go inland. They cannot hunt, but they are allowed to fish. Some of these rivers twist and rush down narrow canyons, or deep rocky valleys thick with forests. Rangers patrol the waters from time to time. But you travel the rivers at your own risk.

还有其他借助于四驱车旅行全国的游历者，四驱车上装着独木舟或竹筏子，下水划船游历。这些小溪由国家公园服务处管理。通往野外，这些探险者可在小河边宿营，但禁止进入内陆腹地。不准打猎，可以钓鱼，许多小河蜿蜒曲折，水流湍急，从深谷中或从森林茂密的深壑中流出。有时，偶尔与护林员相遇，沿河顠游，自担风险。

Horseback riding is a favorite but more expensive sport, and there are dude ranches in Texas and other border states where you can stay-at a price-and live the life of a cowboy or cowgirl. Other outdoor adventures can be snowshoeing through the flat forests of Michigan, snow-mobiling anywhere, skiing in the Rockies and in Alasks, surfing, water-skiing and hunting. And there are many other things besides, that you can do in the American “great outdoors.”

骑马旅行是时兴但花费较贵的运动，在得克萨斯州有旅游大牧场。你可以停在与它边界毗连的地方（相当贵的）做一回牛仔们的生活。其他的户外探险运动，到密歇根密林，穿雪鞋旅行，在各州的雪上开车旅行，在洛基山脉和阿拉斯加的划雪，冲浪、划水、和狩猎。你可以做美国人“伟大的户外活动者”可作的许多的其他事情。

SectionB

II Vocabulary study 第3单元第37页

A)Translate the following compounds into Chinese.将下列合成词翻译成汉语。 Chicken-hearted 胆怯的 air-conditioning 空调 Honey-mouthed 甜言蜜语的 sun-bathing 日光浴 Paper-backed 平装书 handwriting 书写

Needle-shaped 针状的 daydreaming 做白日梦 Oak-forested 橡树林覆盖的 ocean-mining 海洋开采 Translate the following into English.将下列词组翻译成英文 头脑清醒的 clear-minded 骑马 horse-riding 市场驱动的 market-driven 走钢丝 rope-walking 计算机辅助的 computer-aided 梦游 sleep-walking 费时的 time-consuming 侧身躲闪 side-stepping 国有的 state-owned 上教堂 churchgoing

B)Complete each of the following sentences by choosing the right word or expression fron the box and make changes where necessary.完成下列句子从方框中选择正确的单词或短语并进行必要的变形。 accessible to push off at a price a craving for 能接近的 启程 昂贵的 渴望 negotiate accommodate unique consistently 谈判 留宿 独特的 一贯 1、Housing could be obtained at a price . 高价才能获得住房。

2、Medicine should not be kept where it is accessible to children. 药物不能放在孩子们能够接近的地方。

3、Patrick is not sure whether he can （ negotiate the turn）at the bottom. 帕特里克不能肯定在底端他是否能够拐弯。这是一个固定词组-----拐弯

4、The hungry beggar had a craving for food, any food left by the guests. 这个饥饿的乞丐非常渴望食物，客人留下的任何食物。

5、Let's push off early so that we'll get there before nightfall. 我们早点启程吧，那样我们就能在天黑之前到达那里。

6、John and Armstrong maintain consistently a high standard. 约翰和阿姆斯特朗一贯保持高水平。

7、Those foreign students are accommodated in Canadian homes near the campus for a three-week orientation program.

这些外国学生在校园附近的加拿大人的家里住宿为了进行三星期的迎新活动。

8、Each person's signature is unique and that will help us to find out if this document is a forgery. 每一个人的签名都是独特的，这将帮助我们查明这个文件是伪造的。

C) Choose the appropriate word for each sentence,using the proper form. 第7页 选择适当的词填句子，使用正确的形式。

Accessible/available 可到达、可接近的/提供的、可用的

1. Since 1978, the amount of money available to buy books has fallen by 17% . 自1978年以来，可以用来买书的钱减少了17%。

2. The building has been made accessible to disabled people . 这栋大楼能够让残疾人可以进入。

Consistently/constantly 始终、一贯地/不断地 3. She is constantly changing her mind . 她不断地改变主意。

4. He has consistently stood firm on the side of the oppressed people . 他一贯坚定地站在被压迫人民的一边。 Convert/reverse 转变、变换/颠倒

5. They convert an old stable into a little comfortable house . 他们把一个旧亭子变成了一个舒适的房子。

6. Because the normal word order is reversed in passive voice sentences, they are sometimes hard to follow.

因为在被动语态里正常单词的顺序被颠倒了，它们有时很难理解。 Outdoor/outdoors 户外的/在户外

7. If you enjoy outdoor activities, this is the trip for you . 如果你喜欢户外运动，这个旅行很适合你。

8. I reckon it’s warm enough to eat outdoors this evening . 我承认今天晚上足够温暖在户外吃东西。 Sky/skies 天空/天空的状态

9. The Tibetan highland is a land of blue skies and warm sunshine. 形容天空的状态。 西藏高原是蓝天和温暖阳光的土地。

10. She looked out over the rooftops and the open sky . 死记下来。 她越过屋顶和广阔的天空向往看。

※- - - - - -句子改错题- - - - - -※

B) Identify the one underlined part that is incorrect in each sentence and correct it. 识别下列句子中不准确的划线部分并更正。

1?The police says ---（say） that they have arrested twenty people following the disturbance . 警察是集体名词，代表复数，动词要用原形。

2?Business managers focused on increasing their personal wealth by any available mean ---（ means）. Means 复数形式表示手段

3?The taste of vitamins is not so nice ,so the flavour sometimes need ---- （needs ）to be disguised . flavour 是口味表单数，动词加s 表示单数和主语一致。

4?In Wai Wen Bookshop is ----（are）to be found books in various languages .

倒装句，主语是books，所以is 改成are，在 书店，很多各种语言写的书将被找到。

5?An expert together with some assistants were ---（was）sent to help resolve the problem . 主语是an expert 是单数，所以were 改成was.

6?They’ve got two hundred books ,one hundred and twenty are in Chinese and the rest is ---( are ) in English. The rest是指其余的书，复数，所以用are。

7?Lake Superior is such a large freshwater lake that the waves that breaks ---（that break） on its shores are like the waves of the sea .

主语是waves 是复数，所以动词要用原形

8?Here are things ----（The things） you can do in the European “good outdoors ”include camping, snow –mobiling, skiing, hunting and horseback riding .

Here are 去掉，因为有两个谓语，直接改成the things

II preposition and adverbs

1. He said that they should examine all the costs involved in the project first . 他说他们应当首先检查该过程涉及的所有成本。

2. That is the usual way the telecommunications company deals with complaints. 这是电信公司处理投诉的通常方式。固定词组，处理

3. Despite a thorough investigation, no trace of the escaped prisoner has been found. 尽管进行了彻底调查，但是没有发现逃犯的任何踪迹。 副词，尽管

4. About 1000 local workers were employed in the tourism industry last year. 去年，大约1000名当地个人受雇于旅游工业。固定词组，雇佣在…行业

5. At the heart of Dr. Piaget’s theories was an orderly schedule of stages, of children’s perceptions by age. 固定词组 ，在…的中心

Piaget博士的理论核心是孩子们按年龄接受事物，是一个有序的阶段时刻表。

※- - - - - -英译汉- - - - - -※

3、The unique contribution of the United States to those who love the great outdoors are the National Parks

and State Parks. They are beautifully organized and give particular thought to campers. There are also campsites by the sea, which are hidden from the beach by a lion of sand dunes, or a thick belt of trees. Wherever you go, you can nearly always find picnic places complete with wooden tables, benches, garbage cans and restrooms.

美国为野外活动爱好者所做的特殊贡献是建立了众多的国家公园和州立公园，这些公园布局漂亮，体现了对野营爱好者的特殊关爱。海边也有许多野营营地。这些营地，或在海滩一连串的沙丘后，或在海滩茂密的林带后面。无论你走到哪里，几乎总能找到地方野餐，这些地方设备齐全，全都配有木制桌子、凳子、垃圾桶和洗手间。

※- - - - - -汉译英- - - - - -※

3、世界上很少有国家能像美国这样有如此多样诱人的野外旅游资源。美国气候多样，风景秀丽，公路四通八达，人们可以驱车前往任何值得观光的地方。许多美国人，无论老幼，都喜欢开野营车外出野营。有些老年退休夫妇将他们很大一部分的储蓄存款用来购买这种“车上家园”。他们每年花半年时间漫游美国，享受野外的绚丽风光。

Few countries have such a varied and tempting Outdoors as the USA. It has different kinds of climate and a spectacular landscape. Freeways and highways lead you to any places where there are things worth seeing. Many Americans, young and old, prefer camping in vehicles called “campers”. Some retired couples put a large part of their saving into such “home on wheels” and spend half of the year roaming the country, enjoying the great outdoors.

Text 2 Bull Fighting

Bull fighting is not a sport. It is a tragedy, and it symbolizes the struggle between man and the beasts. There are usually six bulls to a fight. A fight is called a corrida de toros. Fighting bulls are bred like race horses, some of the oldest breeding establishments being several hundred years old. A good bull is worth about $2000. They are bred for speed, strength and viciousness. In other words. A good fighting bull is an absolutely incorrigible bad bull.

斗牛不仅仅是一项运动，它是一项策略。代表了人与兽之间的争斗。常常是一人对六牛，斗牛的勇士被称之为斗牛士。斗牛像赛马一样，经过训练，很多古老的斗牛训练基地已有几百年历史，一头上好的斗牛大约值2000美元，它们被用作进行速度、力量和难以驾驭的烈性训练。换句话说，一头上乘斗牛绝对不可能是任性蹩脚的病牛。

But fighting is an exceedingly dangerous occupation. In the sixteen fights I saw there were only two in which no one was badly hurt. On the other hand it is very remunerative. A popular espada gets $5000 for his afternoon’s work. An unpopular espada, though, may not get $500. Both run the same risks. It is a good deal like Grand Opera for the really great matadors, except they run the chance of being killed very time, they cannot hit high C. 但是，斗牛是一项极其危险的职业。在我看过的16场战斗中，仅仅有两例没有受到致命损伤。从另一个角度，斗牛业收入非常丰厚。一个受欢迎的斗牛士每个下午收入5000美元，不熟练的斗牛士，尽管冒着同样风险，收入却不到500美元。对伟大的斗牛士来说，它是一道像恢宏盛大的歌剧一样的大餐，除非机会不佳被牛踩死，否则的话他们会获C类高分。

No one at any time in the fight can approach the bull except directly from the front. That is where the danger comes. There are also all sorts of complicated passes that must be done with

the cape, each requiring as much technique as a champion billiard player. And underneath it all is the necessity for playing the old tragedy in the absolutely custom bound, law-laid-down way. It must all be done gracefully, seemingly effortless and always with dignity. The worst criticism the Spaniards very make of a bullfighter is that his work is “vulgar.”

在战斗中，除非直接站在斗牛前面，没有人能在任何时候靠近斗牛，在斗牛正前方，随时都有危险来临，用红斗蓬完成各种复杂的步骤，每次都像台球手冠军一样需要完美臻熟的技巧。在斗牛过程中，每一步都需要发挥纯熟的策略，严格按照约定俗成，放倒斗牛的规则方法。击败斗牛必须优雅美观，表面看来轻松容易，并且要显得雍容高贵。对斗牛士最挑剔的批评就是他的斗牛工作“粗野平庸”。

The tree absolute acts of the tragedy are first the entry of the bull when the picadors receive the shock of his attacks and attempt to protect their horses with their lances. Then the horses go out and the second act is the planting of the banderillos. This is one of the most interesting and difficult part but among the easiest for a new bullfight fan to appreciate in technique. The banderillos are three-foot, gaily colored darts with a small fish hook prong in the end. The man who is going to plant them walks out into the arena alone with the bull. His lifts the bandrillos at arm’s length and points them toward the bull. Then he calls “Toro! Toro!” The bull charges and the banderillero rises to his toes, bends in a curve forward and just as the bull is about to hit him drops the darts into the bull’s hump just behind his horns.

斗牛策略三部曲的第一步是斗牛的入场，这时，斗牛士助手扰动来自斗牛的进攻，并且用长矛保护好他们的所骑之马，然后，骑马斗牛士离场。第二步是短茅枪的植入，这是最刺激和最困难的一步，在这一步骤中，斗牛士粉丝们最易欣赏到斗牛技巧，植入的短茅是一个三足、尾部带有鱼钩的灰色标枪。这时斗牛人单独同斗牛在舞台中，他把短茅举起有一臂高，直指对面的斗牛。然后他高喊道：“斗牛，斗牛” ，当斗牛向他猛冲时，他抬起手把箭茅植入斗牛角后肉峰中。

They must go in evenly, one on each side. They must not be shoved, or thrown or stuck in from the side. This is the first time the bull has been completely baffled, there is the prick of darts that he cannot escape and there are no horses for him to charge into. But he charges the man again and again and each time he gets a pair of the long banderillos that hang from his hump by their tiny barbs and flop like porcupine quills.

斗牛士们必须走动均匀，每人在一边，他们必须不能让牛撞击，被摔倒或被牛角戮伤，这是斗牛第一次完全受挫，肩上带刺的短茅枪摆脱不掉，并且没有骑马斗牛士被袭击，因而它一次又一次向斗牛士猛冲，但每冲一次，它都被一副带刺的短茅钩在肉峰中，最后，它像豪猪一样，砰地摔倒在地。

Last is the death of the bull, which is in the hands of the matador who has had charge of the bull since his first attack. Each matador has two bulls in the afternoon. The death of the bull is most formal and can only be brought about in one way, directly from the front by the matador who must receive the bull in full charge and kill him with a sword thrust between the shoulders just back of the neck and between the horns. Before killing the bull, he must first do a series of passes with the muleta, a piece of red cloth he carries about the size of large napkin.

With he muleta the torero must show his complete mastery of the bull, must made the bull miss him again and again by inches, before he is allowed to kill him, It is in this phase that most of the fatal accidents occur.

最后一步是斗牛之死，自从斗牛第一次攻击以来便一直在斗牛士的掌控之下，每个斗牛士下午都有两头斗牛去战斗，斗牛之死大多是非常正常的。但是斗牛之死只能由一种方法引起，那就是由斗牛士直接从前方刺入，全在斗牛士的掌控之下，把箭茅插在颈部后背两肩之间和两角之间。在杀死斗牛之前，他必须首先要做一系列躲闪，用红布遮掩着，他手里拿着一方巾大小的红布。在红布的帮助下，徒步斗牛士必须完全支配斗牛，并且使斗牛一次又一次扑空，在斗牛被杀死前的这一阶段，致命事故最易发生。

The word “toreador” is obsolete Spanish and is never used. The torero is usually called an espada or swordsman. He must be proficient in all three acts of the fight. In the first act, he uses the cape and does veronicas

And protects the picadors by taking the bull out and away from them when they are spilled to the ground. In the second act, he plants the banderillos. In the third act, he masters the muleta and kills him.

“斗牛士”这个词是旧时西班牙的产物，现在已经不用，徒步斗牛士常常被称作“espada”或武士，他必须精通战斗三部曲，在第一步中，他双腿和脚保持静止，同时将所持红斗蓬徐徐转离攻击之牛，并且当骑马斗牛士翻落在地时保护好他们。第二步，他植入短茅，第三步，他舞动红斗蓬并且杀死斗牛。

Few toreros excel in all three departments. Some, like young Chicuelo, are unapproachable in their cape work. Others like the late Joselito are wonderful banderilleros. Only a few are great killers. Most of the greatest killers are gypsies.

很少有斗牛士在这三部中都表现优秀，也有一些像Chicuelo一样的在他们红斗蓬生涯中是无与伦比的，其他的像晚一些的Joselito也是些神奇的短茅枪植入手。仅仅一小部分斗牛士是伟大的杀手，这其中的绝大部分是吉仆赛人。

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