语法讲解（在职研究生）

在职攻读硕士学位全国联考英语考试指导----语法

主语与谓语一致

遵循原则：语法一致 意义一致就近一致

代词与所指代词的名词在人称和数上保持一致

1、貌似单数，实为复数的词

Data (datum), police, committee, family, crew, couple, group, team, staff, public, population

2、貌似复数，实为单数的词

Physics, politics, economics, statistics, linguistics

3、单复数形式相同的词，要根据句子的意思来确定谓语的单复数。 Means， series， species， rest， fish，deer Eg、Is this the only means to achieve success?

There are various means of increasing our agricultural production.

4. 动名词、不定式短语、名词从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如果用and连接上述相同的两个成分时，谓语动词用复数。 Teaching is the best way of learning.

To receive education is the right of women all over the world. What are often regarded as poisonous fungi is sometimes safely edible.

5. 主语带有as well as, accompanied by, together with, such as, rather than等附加成分，主语的数不受附加成分的影响 Eg:

（1）Statistics as well as a course in research methodology is required of all doctoral candidates.

（2）The dean of the college together with some other faculty members is planning a conference for the purpose of laying down certain regulations.

6. 并列连词either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also…, or, and等作主语的句子，谓语动词的数取决于靠近动词的主语，修饰成分指同一人或事，谓语动词要用单数

? Either his children or his wife is arriving here today.

? Neither the students nor the teacher is allowed to smoke in class.

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在职攻读硕士学位全国联考英语考试指导----语法

? Not only the money but also the jewels are locked up in the safe.

7. 表示书名、报名、电影戏剧名，国名等的名词或短语作主语，如果只指一种、一本或一个，则不论形式上是单数还是复数，谓语动词都用单数形式

? Times is not available here.

? The United States is now an industrialized country

8. 表示时间、距离、度量、价值的复数名词：若表示抽象概念，被视作一个整体时，谓语动词用单数，如果表示具体的多少，强调复数意义时，谓语动词用复数形式。

? Five minutes is all that I can spare for you. ? Three weeks is not a long period.

? The twenty miles were covered by the winner in two hours.

易混淆的情况

? A number of…复数 ? The number of…单数 ? A variety of…复数 ? The variety of…单数

Eg、A number of pages are found missing.

The number of new bicycles is reported in this city each year. ? 固定用法

? Many a +单数名词 ? More than one +单数名词 ? One and a half +复数名词 ? The majority of +复数名词 ? A great/good many +复数名词

Eg、Many a problem concerning agricultural production has been solved this way.

The majority of the students stay at home now. 由every和each修饰的名词，谓语动词用单数

Eg、Each of these critics cites Alex’s failure to make much use of science and technology.

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在职攻读硕士学位全国联考英语考试指导----语法

Every change of season, every change of weather, indeed, every hour of the day produces some change in the magical hues and shapes of these mountains.

练习

1. It is this teacher who ______ leaving for London. It is you who ____ next.

A. are; are B. is; are C. are; is D. is; is

2. The population of the earth _____ increasing fast. One third of the population here _____ workers.

A. is; are B. is; is C. are; is D. are; are

3. This kind of snakes _____ very dangerous. These kinds of metal _____ hard to find. A. is; is B. are; is C. is; are D. are; are 4. Half of the visitors _____ from Europe. Half of the fruit _____ bad. A. is; are B. is; is C. are; is D. are; are

5. Every man worker and every woman worker _____ free medical care. At Christmas each boy and each girl _____ given a present.

A. enjoy; is B. enjoy; are C.enjoys; is D. enjoys; are

6. Many a man ______ seen the wonderful film. Many men _____ seen the wonderful film. A. has; has B. has; have C. have; has D. have; have

7. Going to bed early and getting up early _____ a good habit. Singing and dancing _____ two of the things that he likes best.

A. is; is B. are; is C. is; are D. are; are

8. Such ______ Albert Einstein, a simple man of great achievements. Such ______ her words. A. were; were B. was; were C. were; were D. was; was

9. Besides Xiao Wang, Li Lei _____ willing to do the work. The factory, including its machines _____ burnt last night.

A. is; was B. were; is C. was; are D. were; are

10. If anybody _____, ask him to wait. _____ there anything I can do for you? A. come; Is B. come; Are C. comes; Are D. comes; Is

连词和从句

1. 从句可以分为3类：

名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句） 形容词性从句（定语从句） 副词性从句（状语从句） 名词性从句 1. 主语从句

? That the driver could not control his car was obvious.

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在职攻读硕士学位全国联考英语考试指导----语法

? That the crime was done deliberately is quite clear.

2. 宾语从句

? Everyone could see that he did not want to take the job.

3. 同位语从句

? They had to face the fact that the nearest gas station is thirty kilometers

away.

4. 表语从句

? The problem is not who will go but who will stay.

It 作主语

? 在含有主语从句的复合句中，为了保持句子的平衡，常用it作形式

主语， 而将真正的主语从句放在句末。 It was obvious that the driver could not control the car.

形容词性从句（定语从句）

1. 定语从句

? ?

限定性定语从句：不可或缺 非限定性定语从句：关系松散

2. 引导定语从句的关联词：

? ?

1. E.g.

? ? ? ? ? ? ?

The man who was sick is now well.

There is much that will be unpleasing to the English reader. His speech, which bored everyone, went on and on. His wife, whom you met at my house, was bored too. Can you tell me the day when Lu Xun was born? Can you show me the house where Shakespear lived?

The reason why I was alone in the mountains is because I had a 关系代词：that， which，whose, who, whom, as; 关系副词：when, where, why

difficulty with my guide.

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在职攻读硕士学位全国联考英语考试指导----语法

注意！

1. 下列情况只用that，不用which

? 先行词是：all, one, those, something, nothing, anything, everything等

不定代词

? 先行词前有：first, last, only, few, much , little, some, any, no, the same,

very 等词修饰

? 先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰

Eg、That is all that I see on the shelves.

Mr. Lee is the only dealer I know who gives good prices. He is the brightest boy I have ever seen.

2. 非限定性定语从句不用that引导，其关联词不可省略

? The speech, which he had written on little bits of paper, seemed

endless.

? On April 2nd, they flew to Beijing, where they stayed several days. 3. As 和which引导非限定性定语从句，指代前面整个主句时，其区别在于：

? 如果主句在前，用which/as都可以； ? 主句在后，只能用as； ? As可以用在主句中间

? As可以与such, as, the same 构成such…as, as…as… 和same…as…

的句型

Eg、He married her, as/which was natural.

As he hoped he would, he saw the girl.

We are facing the same problems as we did years ago.

It wasn’t such a desirable air conditioner the advertisement had promised

A. as B. when C. what D. which

副词性从句（状语从句） 1. 分类：

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