词汇学试题

English lexicology

I Choose the best answer from the four choices. (30’)

1.The “s‖ in ―drums‖ is ____.

A. a free morpheme B.a stem C. a root D.an inflectional affix 2.A word is the combination of form and ________.

A. spelling B. writing C. meaning D. denoting 3.Trumpet is a(n) _______motivated word.

A. morphologically B. semantically C. phonetically D. etymologicall 4._____is a pair of emotive synonyms.

A.―Dad‖ and ―father‖ B.―Flat‖ and ―apartment‖ B. C.―Mean‖ and ―frugal‖ D.―charge‖ and ―accuse‖

5.The word ―language‖ is sometimes used to refer to the whole of a person’s language.This is called_______.

A.scientific language B.idiolect

B.C.colloquial language D.formal language

6.The meaning of the word \de of_______.

A. extension B. narrowing C. elevation D. Degradation 7. Degradation can be illustrated by the following example______ . B.A. lewd → ignorant B. silly → foolish C.C. last → pleasure D. knave → boy

8.English lexicology embraces morphology, semantics, etymology, stylistics and _____.

A. linguistics B. pragmatics C. lexicography D. Phonology 9. Which of the following is incorrect? A. ―airmail‖ means ―mail by air‖

B. ―reading-lamp‖ means ―lamp for reading‖ C. ―green horn‖ is the horn green in color D. ―hopeless‖ is ―without hope‖

10.which group of the following are perfect homonyms? A. dear (a loved person)—deer (a kind of animal)

B. bow (bending the head as a greeting)—bow(the device used for shooting) C. bank(the edge of the river)—bank (an establishment for money business)

D. right (correct)—write (put down on paper with a pen)

11.The following are the main sources of homonyms except ____. A. change in meaning B. change in sound C .change in spelling D. borrowing

12. Antonyms can be classified into three major groups except______ . A. evaluative terms B. contrary terms C. complementary terms D. conversive terms

13. ―parent/child, husband/wife, predecessor/ successor‖are ______ . A. contrary terms B. contradictory terms C. conversive terms D. complementary terms 14.There are 2 main process of sense –shift except____.

A. radiation B. concatenation C. borrowing 15. According to morphology, there are 2 types of classifications except_____. A. root antonyms B. derivative antonyms C. contraries 16．There are derivative antonyms except____. A. pleasant----unpleasant B. polite---impolite C. war---antiwar D. large----small 17. There are complementary antonyms except____. A. child----girl B. single—married C. dead----alive D. brother---sister

18. There are 3classifications of homonyms except_____. A. perfect homonyms B. homographs C. Homophones D. contrary homonyms.

19.Modern English is derived from the language of early ______ tribes.

A. Greek B. Roman C. Italian D. Germanic

20.The prehistoric Indo-European parent language is thought to be a highly ______language.

A. inflected B. derived C. developed D. analyzed

II.Complete the following statements with proper words.(24)

1.In modern English one may find some words whose sounds suggest their ____ . 2.Lexical meaning itself has two components : conceptual meaning and _________. 3.The meanings of many words often relate directly to their ______. In the words the history of the word explains the meaning of the word.

4.Part of speech of words, singular and plural meaning of nouns, tense meaning of verbs all belong to________ meaning.

5.Lexicology is a branch of linguistics, inquiring into the origins and _______of words.

6.Generally speaking,linguistics is the ______study of language.

7.There are two main approaches to study of English lexicology,that is____and_____. 8.“Tulip”and “rose”, are______of “flower”.“Flower”is the superordinate term and “tulip”,“rose”are the______term.

8.At the beginning of the fifth century Britain was invaded by three tribes from the Northern Europe:Angles, _____ and______.

9.Four group of loan words________,________,_______and_________.

III.Put the following words into the appropriate blanks.(10’)

flock herd school troop pride

1.a ____of cattle 2.a ____of monkeys 3.a____of lions 4.a____of sheep 5.a____of fish

IV.Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false.(10’

1. Relations between meanings of words can be synonymy, antonymy or hyponymy. 2. In semantics, meaning of language is considered as the intrinsic and inherent relation to the physical world of experience.

3. Grammatical meaning refers to the part of the word-meaning which indicates grammatical concepts.

4．The connotative meaning is also known as connotations, which are generally found in the dictionary.

5.―Male/female, present/absent‖are contrary terms.

V.Define the following terms.(2’+4’=6’）

1.Word

2.Motivation

VI.Answer the following questions .(6’+6’+8’=20’）

1. What is the difference between homonyms and polysemy? How to differentiate them?

2. How do linguists divide the history of the English language for analysis? 3. Discuss some of the characteristics of antonyms.

答案 I.

1.D. 2.C 3.C 4.C 5.B 6.C 7B 8.C 9.C 10 C 11.A 12.A 13.C 14.C 15.C 16.D 17.A 18.D 19.D 20.A II.

1.meaning 2.associated meaning 3.origins 4.grammatical 5.meanings 6.scientific 7.synchronic,diachronic 8.hyponymys, superordinate 8.Saxons,Jutes

9.aliens, denizens,translation-loans,semantic borrowings III

herd troop pride flock school IV

1.T 2.F 3.T 4.F 5.T V.

1.A word is a minimum free form,that is to say,the smallest form that may appear in isolation.

2.Motivation accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its meaning.Most words can said to be non-motivated.That is,the connection of the sign and meaning does not have logical connection explanation.Neverthelss,English does have words whose meanings can be explained to a certain extent. VI.

1. Homonyms refer to different words which happen to share the same form and polysemy refer to the fact that the same word has several distinguishable meanings. By seeing their etymology, we can distinguish them, i. e. homonyms are from different sources while a polysemy is from the same source which has acquired

different meanings in the course of development. The second principal consideration is semantic relatedness. The various meaning of a polysemy are correlated and connected to do with one another. Additionally, in dictionary, a polysemy has its meanings all listed under one headword whereas homonyms are listed as separate entries.

2.Three periods in the development of English language (vocabulary) 1) Old English or Anglo-Saxon period (449-1100)

1 Much of the old English vocabulary was borrowed from Latin 如bargain, cheap, inch, pound; cup, dish, wall, wine, etc

2 Old English was a highly inflected language. It has a complete system of declensions of words

2) Middle English period ( 1100-1500 )

1 French influence and Norman Conquest in 1066

Law and government administration: Military affairs、Religion、Art

2 Middle English is becoming from highly inflected language to analytic language 3) Modern English period (1500-)

1 Influence of Renaissance Latin and Greek words 2 Science and abstract ideas

3 Literary, technical and scientific words

4 The Late Modern English (between1700-the Present). 3.

1.Antonyms are classified on the basis of semantic opposition.

2. A word which has more than one meaning can have more than one antonym. 3. Antonyms differ in semantic inclusion. Pairs of antonyms are seen as marked and unmarked terms respectively.

4.Contrary terms are gradable antonyms, differing in degree of intensity, so each has its own corresponding opposite.

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