09届海文钻石卡学员第一次全真模拟考试--统考英语 B卷

B 卷

英语绝密★启用前

2009

年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试

（万学·海文钻石卡第一次模拟考试）

英语试卷

(科目代码：201)

考生注意事项

1. 答题前，考生须在答题纸指定位置上填写考生姓名、报考单位和考生编号。 2. 答案必须写在答题纸指定位置上，写在其他地方无效。 3. 填（书）写必须使用蓝（黑）色字迹钢笔、圆珠笔或签字笔。 4. 考试结束，将答题纸和试题一并装入试题袋中交回。

B 卷

_×__×__×__×__×__×__×_)×名×姓×师×询×咨×管×主×(码×代×校×学× × _×__×__×__×__×__题_ _ __答_ _ 要校 学不考 报内 线 封_ _ __密__×__×__×__×__×_ )×号×卡×石×钻×(号×证×考×准× × × × _×__×__×__×__×__× _ ××名××姓××

Section Ⅰ Use of English

Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

In our society, we must communicate with other people. A great deal of communicating is performed on a person-to-person 1 by the simple means of speech. If we travel in buses, stand in football match 2 , we are likely to have conversations 3 we give information or opinions, and sometimes have our views 4 by other members of society. Face-to-face contact is 5 the only form of communication, and during the last two hundred years, the 6 of mass communication has become one of the dominating factors of contemporary society. Two things, 7 others, have caused the enormous growth of the communication industry. Firstly, inventiveness has 8 advances in printing, photography and so on. Secondly, speed has revolutionized the 9 and reception of communications so that local news often 10 a back seat to national news.

No longer is the possession of information 11 to a privileged minority. Forty years ago people used to 12 to the cinema, but now far more people sit at home and turn on the TV to watch a program that 13 into millions of houses. Communication is no longer merely concerned 14 the transmission of information. The modern communications industry influences the way people live in society and broadens their horizons by allowing 15 to information, education and entertainment. The printing, broadcasting and advertising industries are all 16 with informing, educating and entertaining. 17 a great deal of the material communicated by the mass media is very valuable to the individual and to the society 18 which he is a part, the vast modern network of communications is 19 to abuse. However, the mass media are with us for better, for worse, and there is no turning 20 . 1. [A] basis [B] base [C] level [D] ground 2. [A] lines [B] queues [C] rows [D] files 3. [A] whereas [B] which [C] that [D] where 4. [A] expressed [B] challenged [C] agreed [D] voiced 5. [A] by some means [B] by any means [C] by no means [D] by all means 6. [A] art [B] device [C] way [D] method 7. [A] below [B] above [C] over [D] beyond 8. [A] resulted from [B] translated into [C] led to [D] converted into 9. [A] circulation [B] diffusion [C] transportation [D] transmission 10. [A] offers [B] chooses [C] takes [D] leaves 11. [A] prohibited [B] provided [C] allowed [D] confined 12. [A] stroll [B] pour [C] flock [D] rush 13. [A] is being channeled [B] is broadcasting [C] is being discharged [D] is transmitting

14. [A] about [B] with [C] to [D] for 15. [A] access [B] availability [C] entrance [D] entry 16. [A] engaged [B] involved [C] occupied [D] dealt 17. [A] Although [B] Since [C] If [D] Even if 18. [A] with [B] for [C] by [D] of

英语试卷 第1 页 共10页

19. [A] possible [B] likely [C]subject [D] close

20. [A] away [B] over [C] down [D] back

SectionⅡ Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions: Read the following four texts .Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)

Text One

Whatever else went wrong in the world this year, no one can complain about a shortage of celebrity breakups. From Jennifer Aniston?s split with Brad Pitt in January to Jessica Simpson?s divorce from Nick Lachey in December, 2005 was awash with ruined romance. But hold the tears－at last for the ex-wives, bad marriages might have been making them sick, Researchers say that long-term anger and hostility between partners is much more dangerous for women than men and can impair our immune system and put us at risk for depression, high blood pressure and even heart disease.

In a study, Dr. Janice Kiecolt-Glaser and her colleagues at Ohio State University recruited 42 healthy couples who had been married an average of 12 years to spend two 24-hour stretches in a hospital research unit. On the first visit, the couples were encouraged to be loving and supportive of each other. On the second visit, they talked about their areas of conflict. On each visit, a special vacuum tube created blister wounds on their arms that were monitored for healing. The most antagonistic couple took an average of a day longer to heal. “Hostile marital interactions really enhance production of stress hormones, especially for women,” Kiecolt-Glaser says. “And immune change is greater for women than for men.”

What makes women so vulnerable to a husband?s hostility? Kiecolt-Glaser says women remember both positive and negative interactions more than men because they?re generally more aware of the emotional content of a relationship. Women have larger and broader social networks than men, she says, and they?re more sensitive to “adverse events” in their networks－a friend, a child, or a sister in trouble. That sensitivity is especially acute when it comes to their most intimate relationship, with their husband. A common laboratory strategy for studying marriage, Kiecolt-Glaser says, is to watch couples talk about a disagreement and then have each partner rate their own and their spouses? behavior. “Women?s ratings of the behavior are much closer to the outside observers? codings of hostility than men?s,” she says. “Men simply don?t see it.

Long-term unhappy marriages have serious health consequences. In another study, researchers from the University of Pittsburgh and San Diego State University looked at data from more than 400 healthy women who were followed for 13 years before and after menopause. They found that marital dissatisfaction tripled a woman?s chances of having metabolic syndrome, a group of heart-risk factors. Only widows were more likely to have metabolic syndrome than the unhappy wives; even divorced and single women had better health-risk profiles.

What should you take away from all this? Kiecolt-Glaser says couples should learn to keep hostility in check. “When relationships are stressed,” she says. “you see a ?tit for tat? kind of behavior where things really escalate. The most important thing is to cut that off early.”

21. The marital status of the celebrities is mentioned in the beginning to show_____. [A] how popular divorce is among famous people

英语试卷 第2页 共10页

B 卷

[B] how hostility between partners might end up in divorce

[C] that hostility has become less popular even among celebrities [D] that divorce may be a better option than bad marriages

22. The objective of Dr. Kiecolt-Glaser?s research is to find out_____. [A] whether had marriages damage women?s immune system [B] how hostile marital relationship can best be handled [C] what has caused tension between husbands and wives

[D] why long-term anger hurts women without hurting their husbands

23. What Dr. Kiecolt-Glaser says at the end of the third paragraph means that_____. [A] men are as rational as outsiders when dealing with marital problems [B] an outside observer knows better when hostility arises [C] women are more sensitive to hostile feelings than men are

[D] women are particularly sensitive to their husband?s extramarital relationship

24. Which of the following groups of women are most vulnerable to metabolic syndrome? [A] Divorced women. [B] Widows.

[C] Unhappy wives [D] Single women

25. What advice does Dr. Kiecolt-Glaser give to unhappy wives? [A] Obtain a divorce.

[B] Take no notice of any hostility. [C] Express bad feelings directly.

[D] Avoid straightforward confrontation.

Text Two

A scientist who does research in economic psychology and who wants to predict the way in which consumers will spend their money must study consumer behavior. He must obtain data both on the resources of consumers and on the motives that tend to encourage or discourage money spending.

If an economist was asked which of three groups borrow most — people with rising incomes, stable incomes, or declining incomes — he would probably answer: those with declining incomes. Actually, in the year 1947—1950, the answer was: people with rising incomes. People with declining incomes were next and people with stable incomes borrowed the least. This shows us the traditional assumptions about earning and spending is not always reliable. Another traditional assumption is that if people who have money expect prices to go up, they will hasten to buy. If they expect prices to go down, they will postpone buying. But research surveys have shown that this is not always true. The expectations of price increases may not stimulate buying. One typical attitude was expressed by the wife of a mechanic in an interview at a time of rising prices. “In a few months,” she said, “we?ll have to pay more for meat and milk; we?ll have less to spend on other things.” Her family had been planning to buy a new car but they postponed this purchase. Furthermore, the rise in prices that has already taken place may be resented and buyer?s resistance may be evoked. This is shown by the following typical comment: “I just don?t pay these prices; they are too high.”

Traditional assumptions should be investigated carefully, and factors of time and place should be considered.

英语试卷 第3 页 共10页

The investigations mentioned above were carried out in America. Investigations concluded at the same time in Great Britain, however, yielded results that were more in agreement with traditional assumptions about saving and spending patterns. The conditions most conductive to spending appear to be price stability. If prices have been stable and people have become accustomed to consider them “right” and expect them to remain stable, they are likely to buy. Thus, it appears that the common business policy of maintaining stable prices with occasional sales or discounts is based on a correct understanding of consumer psychology. 26. The best title of the passage is . [A] Consumer?s purchasing power.

[B] Relationship between income and purchasing power. [C] Traditional assumptions. [D] Studies in consumer behavior.

27. The example of the mechanic?s wife is intended to show that in times of rising prices . [A] people with declining income tend to buy less. [B] people with stable income tend to borrow less. [C] people with increasing income tend to buy more. [D] people with money also tend to buy less.

28. Findings in investigations in Britain are mentioned to show . [A] maintaining stable prices is based on a correct understanding of consumer psychology. [B] people in Britain behave in the same way as those in America. [C] factors of time and place should be taken into consideration. [D] occasional discount and sales are necessary.

29. According to the passage, people tend to buy more when .

[A] prices are expected to go up. [B] prices are expected to go down.

[C] prices don?t fluctuate. [D] the business policy remains unchanged. 30. Which of the following statements is not true?

[A] The traditional assumptions don?t always hold water.

[B] When prices rise, people have to buy even though they don?t want to. [C] It is still not well known that the traditional assumptions are wrong.

[D] In the old days, businesses always fail because of lack of knowledge of consumer psychology. Text Three

The mythology of a culture can provide some vital insights into the beliefs and values of that culture. By using fantastic and sometimes incredible stories to create an oral tradition by which to explain the wonders of the natural world and teach lessons to younger generations, a society exposes those ideas and concepts held most important. Just as important as the final lesson to be gathered from the stories, however, are the characters and the roles they play in conveying that message.

Perhaps the epitome of mythology and its use as a tool to pass on cultural values can be found in Aesop?s

英语试卷 第4页 共10页

B 卷

_×__×__×__×__×__×__×_)×名×姓×师×询×咨×管×主×(码×代×校×学× × _×__×__×__×__×__题_ _ __答_ _ 要校 学不考 报内 线 封_ _ __密__×__×__×__×__×_ )×号×卡×石×钻×(号×证×考×准× × × × _×__×__×__×__×__× _ ××名××姓××Fables, told and retold during the era of the Greek Empire. Aesop, a slave who won the favor of the court through his imaginative and descriptive tales, almost exclusively used animals to fill the roles in his short stories. Humans, when at all present, almost always played the part of bumbling fools struggling to learn the lesson being presented. This choice of characterization allows us to see that the Greeks placed wisdom on a level slightly beyond humans, implying that deep wisdom and understanding is a universal quality sought by, rather than stemming from, human beings.

Aesop? fables illustrated the central themes of humility and self-reliance, reflecting the importance of those traits in early Greek society. The folly of humans was used to contrast against the ultimate goal of attaining a higher level of understanding and awareness of truths about nature and humanity. For example, one notable fable features a fox repeatedly trying to reach a bunch of grapes on a very high vine. After failing at several attempts, the fox gives up, making up its mind that the grapes were probably sour anyway. The fable?s lesson, that we often play down that which we can?t achieve so as to make ourselves feel better, teaches the reader or listener in an entertaining way about one of the weaknesses of the human psyche.

The mythology of other cultures and societies reveal the underlying traits of their respective cultures just as Aesop?s fables did. The stories of Roman gods, Aztec ghosts and European elves all served to train ancient generations those lessons considered most important to their community, and today they offer a powerful looking glass by which to evaluate and consider the contextual environment in which those culture existed. 31. The author appears to view fables as . [A]the most interesting and valuable form of mythology. [B]an entertaining form with serious subjects.

[C]a tool of past civilizations, but not often used in the modern age.

[D]an essential method by which ancient values were transmitted between generations. 32. The way that fables were used in the past is most similar to today?s . [A]fairy tales that entertain children at home.

[B]stories in children?s school textbooks that reinforce the lesson. [C]science documentaries that explain how nature works. [D]movies that depict animals with human characteristics. 33. Paragraph 3 mainly discusses . [A]how Aesop? fables sheds light on certain facets of Greek belief.

[B]one of Aesop? fables in order to study the elements that make up Greek mythology. [C]the real meaning illustrated in one of Aesop?s most well—known fables. [D]a typical fable and how people study the meaning behind it.

34. The Roman, Aztec and European cultures are mentioned in order to . [A]identify other cultures in which fables were the primary method to pass on values. [B]clearly name the various types of characters in those culture?s fables.

[C]stress that mythology was used by cultures other than the Greeks to convey societal morals. [D]establish them as the societies most notable for their mythology. 35. This text tells us that .

[A] Aesop?s fables provide a valuable glimpse into early Greek thoughts and beliefs.

[B] study of an ancient culture?s mythology is the most reliable way to study its value system.

[C] culture study on a society would be only partial without a thorough examination of its mythology. [D] one can learn a culture?s underlying beliefs through studying its mythological tradition.

英语试卷 第5 页 共10页

Text Four

Some countries are more populous; some have more crime. But in no other country are crime fighters quite so knowledgeable about citizens as in Britain. On January 4th a boastful Home Office detailed the triumphs of the world?s biggest forensic DNA database, which holds samples from more than 5% of the entire population of England and Wales. Recent changes to the rules governing the database mean that it may eventually hold profiles from more than a fifth of all adults.

Once a country starts storing DNA samples from criminals it is hard to resist the urge to expand the collection. When the National DNA Database (NDNAD) was set up, in 1995, samples could only be taken from those charged with “recordable” offences (those that may lead to jail terms). If a suspect was not tried, or was acquitted, the sample had to be destroyed and the profile removed from the database.

That law was ditched in 2001, after two men who had been convicted of murder and rape had their cases overturned on appeal -the DNA evidence against them related to crimes they had not been convicted of, and so ought to have been removed from the database. The change has led to the retention of around 200,000 samples that would previously have been destroyed. Some 7,591 of these were subsequently matched with samples from crime scenes, including those from 88 murders and 116 rapes. And since April 2004, police have been able to take and keep samples from anyone arrested for a recordable offence, even if charges do not ensue.

The main reason the NDNAD is larger than databases in other countries is that Britain was first to start using DNA as an investigative tool. So not only has it had time to collect more DNA samples, but it has also had longer to appreciate the sheer power of a large database. \other country that does databasing will get to where Britain is now,\ The increased use of DNA evidence has given rise to intriguing new courtroom defenses. DNA tests are now so sensitive that they can detect if a person has sneezed or sweated near an object. Jon Swain, a barrister with a background in biochemistry, recently defended a man charged with armed robbery. The defendant?s DNA was on the gun that was used, but the defense argued that he might just have been near it after he had been to the gym, and that an errant bead of sweat could account for the presence of his DNA on a weapon he had never handled. He was not guilty.

36. The text mainly talks about . [A]more populous countries have more crime.

[B]British citizens are quite knowledgeable about DNA.

[C]Britain?s forensic DNA Database is the world?s biggest, and growing fast. [D]the development of DNA Databases.

37. As the NDNAD was established in 1995, which is right according to the passage? [A]it was difficult for it to expand the collection.

[B]it held samples from more than 5％of the entire population. [C]many people from England and Wales offended it.

[D]it collected samples only from those offences that may result in jail sentence.

38 The case of two men who had been convicted of murder and rape in paragraph 3 . [A]proved that the former rule of NDNAD should be abolished. [B]led to the destroy of 200,000 samples in NDNAD. [C]resulted in the two men being confined in prison. [D]showed the importance of the DNA evidence.

英语试卷 第6页 共10页

B 卷

39. The NDNAD has more DNA samples than other countries in that . [A]it is holding profiles from more than 20％of all adults.

[B]police are able to take samples from anyone arrested for a recordable offence. [C]Britain is the earliest to take DNA as an investigative tool. [D]other countries are not eager to do data basing. 40. What can we infer from the last paragraph? [A]DNA evidence should be used more widely.

[B]John Swain defended the man successfully by DNA technology. [C]DNA tests are too sensitive to be reliable.

[D]The defendant left his fingerprint on the weapon of the robbery.

Part B

Directions: The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G to fill in each numbered box. The first and the middle paragraphs have been placed for you in Boxes. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

The U.S. Space agency, NASA, is planning to launch a satellite that scientists hope will answer fundamental questions about the origin and destiny of our universe. 41___________.

The prevailing theory of the universe?s origin, the “Big Bang” theory, says all matter and energy were once compressed into a tiny point. The density and resulting temperature were so enormous that, about 13-to-15 billion years ago by current estimates, a mighty explosion flung the matter hurtling outward in all directions. 42______________.They also ask, is the expansion accelerating? Will the universe collapse? What is its shape? Scientists will seek explanations with NASA?s new Microwave Anisotropy Probe，abbreviated as MAP. 43______________.

“MAP will take the ultimate baby picture, an image of the infant universe taken in the fossil light that is still present from the Big Bang,” he says. “This glow，this radiation，is the oldest light in the universe. Imprinted on this background, physicists knew, would be the secrets of the Big Bang itself.”

This background radiation is the light and heat that the early cosmic soup of matter emitted. Once roiling hot, it has cooled over the eons to just a few degrees above absolute zero. It was once thought to be distributed evenly. But in 1992, a highly sensitive NASA satellite named COBE detected nearly imperceptible variations in temperature as tiny as 30-millionths of a degree.

44_____________. “These patterns result from tiny concentrations that were in the very early universe that were the seeds that grew to become the stars and the galaxies that we see today.” he says. “The tiny patterns in the light hold the keys for understanding the history, the content, the shape, and the ultimate fate of our universe.”

45_____________. Princeton University scientist David Spergel says MAP will give us a much more accurate matter count than we have now. “Right now, we want to measure something like the matter-density of the universe,” he says. “Today, we can estimate that to a factor of two. That?s pretty good. What we want to do is be able to measure it to about the three-percent level, which is what MAP will be capable of doing.”

To do its job，the $145 million MAP spacecraft will settle into an orbit 1.5 million kilometers from the Earth. This is where the Earth?s and Sun?s gravitational pull are equal, and well past the range of the Earth?s own obscuring microwave radiation.

英语试卷 第7 页 共10页

While the older COBE satellite measured just a small part of the sky, Charles Bennett says MAP will scan the entire sky at 1,000 times better resolution．“The patterns that MAP measures are extremely difficult to measure.” he says. “MAP will be measuring millionths of a degree temperature accuracies, and that?s hard to do. That?s like measuring the difference between two cups of sand to the accuracy of a single grain of sand.”

[A]The principal NASA scientist for the new MAP spacecraft, Charles Bennett, says the heat patterns represent slight differences in the density of the young universe, where denser regions evolved into the present web of structures．

[B]NASA says the first results from the MAP mission will be ready in about 18 months after launch.

[C]The spacecraft will orbit the Earth seeking answers from an extremely faint glow of microwaves that have existed since the beginning of time.

[D]Scientists are trying to learn how it clumped together to produce stars, clusters of stars called galaxies, and clusters of galaxies.

[E]Astronomers are reporting evidence that points to a massive star-eating black hole at the center of our Milky Way galaxy.

[F]One of those keys is the amount of matter and its density. More matter with a higher density means more gravitational pull, suggesting a slowing of the universe?s expansion, and perhaps even its collapse.

[G]The head of NAS?s Evolution of the Universe program, Alan Bunner, says MAP will measure what is thought a remnant of the Big Bang——an afterglow of microwaves bathing the universe that was emitted by the ancient cosmic matter.

Part C Directions:

Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)

Economics, as we know it, is the social science concerned with the production, distribution, exchange, and consumption of goods and services. Economists focus on the way in which individuals, groups, business enterprises, and governments seek to achieve efficiently any economic objective they select. (46) Other fields of study also contribute to this knowledge: Psychology and ethics try to explain how objectives are formed, history records changes in human objectives, and sociology interprets human behavior in social contexts.

Standard economics can be divided into two major fields, (47) The first, price theory or microeconomics, explains how the interplay of supply and demand in competitive markets creates a multitude of individual prices, wage rates, profit margins, and rental changes. Microeconomics assumes that people behave rationally. Consumers try to spend their income in ways that give them as much pleasure as possible. As economists say, they maximize utility. For their part, entrepreneurs seek as much profit as they can extract from their operations.

The second field, macroeconomics, deals with modern explanations of national income and employment. Macroeconomics dates from the book, The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money (1935), by the British economist John Maynard Keynes. His explanation of prosperity and depression centers on the total or aggregate demand for goods and services by consumers, business investors, and governments. (48) Because, according to Keynes, inadequate total demand increases unemployment, the indicated cure is either more investment by businesses or more spending and consequently larger budget deficits by government. Economic issues have occupied people's minds throughout the ages. (49) Aristotle and Plato in ancient 英语试卷 第8页 共10页

B 卷

_×__×__×__×__×__×__×_)×名×姓×师×询×咨×管×主×(码×代×校×学× × _×__×__×__×__×__题_ _ __答_ _ 要校 学不考 报内 线 封_ _ __密__×__×__×__×__×_ )×号×卡×石×钻×(号×证×考×准× × × × _×__×__×__×__×__× _ ××名××姓××Greece wrote about problems of wealth, property, and trade, both of whom were prejudiced against commerce, feeling that to live by trade was undesirable. The Romans borrowed their economic ideas from the Greeks and showed the same contempt for trade. (50)During the Middle Ages the economic ideas of the Roman Catholic church were expressed in the law of the church, which condemned the taking of interest for money loaned and regarded commerce as inferior to agriculture. Economics as a subject of modern study, distinguishable from moral philosophy and politics, dates from the work, Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (1776), by the Scottish philosopher and economist Adam Smith. Mercantilism and physiocracy were precursors of the classical economics of Smith and his 19th-century successors.

Section III Writing

Part A

51. Directions:

Suppose you are the manager of an accounting firm. One of your staff, Mr. Xue Ruixuan, is going to work in another firm. Write a letter of recommendation for him, including:

1) why you write this letter,

2) what you know about Mr. Xue,

3) what you think of his ability and personality.

You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use \You do not need to write the address.

Part B

52. Directions:

Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should 1)describe the drawing, 2)interpret its meaning, and 3)suggest counter-measures.

You should write about 160—200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)

英语试卷 第9 页 共10页

英语试卷 第10页 共10页

本文来源：https://www.bwwdw.com/article/wfv2.html