朱泰祺教授详解_2014考研英语一真题_

朱泰祺教授详解：朱泰祺教授详解：《2014

年考研英语(试题》年考研英语(一)试题

Section 1 Use of English Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for e each numbered blank and mark mar A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET SHEET. (10 points) As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly can't remember 1 we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old

acquaintance's 's name, or the name of' an old band we e used to love. As t the brain 2, we refer to these occurrences as"senior moments." 3

seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentially have a( a(n) 4 impact on our professional, social, and personal 5 .

Neuroscientists, experts who study the t e nervous system, a are increasingly showing that there's t actually a lot that can be done. It 6

out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental 7 can significantly improve our basic cogn cognitive 9 of making ing connections in t the 10 in making t the

8 . Thinking is essentially tially a

brain. To a certain extent, our ability to connections ections that drive intelligence is inherited.

11, because t these

connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that intelligence can expand nd and fluctuate 12 mental effort. 13 and

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developed the e first"brain training program" designed to actually help people improve rove and regain their mental The Web-based based program 15 14 . you to systematically improve of your

your memory and attention skills. The program keeps _ 16 progress and provides detailed feedback fee __17 improvement. Most importantly, it games you play to like a(n) 20 19 18

your performance and

modifies and enhances t the

on the e strengths you are developing– much

exercise routine routi e requires you to increase resistance and

vary your muscle use. (281 words)

Words and Expressions: hit vt.到达。mental adj.心理的，精神精神的，智力的。clarity[] n.清楚，清晰。acquaintance[ e[] n.熟] adj.

人。band n.乐队。refer to… as…把…称作…。innocent[无辜的；无害的。neuros euroscientist[来，其实。cognitive[程度上。 inherit[

] n.神经科学家。turn out原

] adj.认知性的。to a certain extent在某种] vt.继承。 regain[] vt.重新获得，,恢复。] vt.改变。

keep track of及时了解……的动态，洞察。modify[ routine[

] n.常规，,通常做法。 put on增加 (体重、肌肉、、价钱、

速度等)。much like[美国口语](=much as) conj.犹如。

1.[A] where

[B] when[D] why

[C]

that

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2.[A] improves

[B] fades[D] collapses

[C]

recovers

3.[A] If

[B] Unless[D]While

[C]

Once

4.[A] uneven

[B] limited[D] obscure

[C]

da damaging

5.[A] wellbeing

[B] environment[D] outlook

[C]

rela relationship

6.[A] turns

[B] finds[D]figures

[C]

points

7.[A] roundabouts

[B] responses[D] associations

[C]

workouts

8.[A] genre

[B] functions[D] criterion

[C] circum mstances

9.[A] channel

[B] condition[D] process

[C]

sequence

10.[A] persist

[B] believe[D] feature

[C]

excel

11.[A] Therefore

[B] Moreover[D] However

[C]

Otherwise

12.[A] according to

[B] regardless of[D] instead of

[C]

apart

from

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13.[A] back

[B] further[D] around

[C]

aside

14.[A] sharpness

[B] stability[D] flexibility

[C] framework

15.[A] forces

[B] reminds[D] allows

[C] hurries

16.[A] hold

[B] track[D] pace

[C]

order

17.[A] to

[B] with[D] on

[C]

for

18.[A] irregularly

[B] habitually[D] unusually

[C]

constantly

19.[A] carry

[B] put[D] take

[C]

build

20.[A] risky

[B] effective[D] familiar

[C]

idle

试题解析完形填空的解题技巧是解题技巧是：把握主题、抓住上下文的逻辑关系关系、瞻前顾后、各个击破，最后统观全文最后统观全文、查错补漏。 1.[A]词义搭配。本文第本文第 1句是全文主题句(Topic Sentence),它指出，“人到中年，许多人开始注意到许多人开始注意到，他们的记忆力和思维的清他们的记忆力和思维的清您所下载的资料来源于 考研资料下载中心获取更多考研资料，请访问 获取更多考研资料

晰度都不如过去。”接着写道接着写道：“我们突然想不起刚才把钥匙放在我们突然想不起刚才把钥匙放在哪里，…”故应选[A] where。 2.[B]词义搭配。从上文看从上文看，此处在讲人到中年脑力衰退及由其此处在讲人到中年脑力衰退及由其产生的不良影响。故空格故空格 2应填[B] fades“衰退”才符合上下文的才符合上下文的逻辑和语义需要。[A] improves“改善”、[C] recovers“恢复””和[D] collapses“崩溃”均与上下文句意不合均与上下文句意不合。 3.[D]逻辑搭配。从本句上下文看从本句上下文看，前半句具有让步意义前半句具有让步意义，后半句表示转折。故应选[D] while“尽管”。 4.[C]词义搭配。从上文看从上文看，此处在讲这种智力的模糊对我们职此处在讲这种智力的模糊对我们职业的、社交的和个人的幸福幸福所产生的极为有害的影响。可见，,[

C] damaging“有害的”符合此句句意符合此句句意。[A] uneven“不均匀的””、[B] limited“有限的”和[D] obscure“模糊不清的”均与上下文句意不合均与上下文句意不合。 5.[A]词义搭配。此处在讲这种智力的模糊对我们职业的此处在讲这种智力的模糊对我们职业的此处在讲这种智力的模糊对我们职业的、社交的和个人的幸福所产生的极为所产生的极为有害的影响。故应选[A] wellbeing。[B] environment“环境”、[C] relationship“关系”和[D] outlook“人生观人生观”均与句意风马牛不相及。。 6.[A]词义型惯用搭配。词义型惯用搭配 It turns out that…“原来…,其实其实…,结果是…”符合句意。find out“发现”、point out“指出”和 fig figure out“算出；估计；推测”均与上下文句意不合。 7.[C]词义搭配。根据上文可以推测根据上文可以推测，此处在讲“恰当的脑力恰当的脑力锻炼可以大大改善我们的基本认知可以大大改善我们的基本认知功能。”可见，[C] workouts“锻炼， (运动的)练习”符合句意[A] roundabouts符合句意。“旋转木马”、[B] responses您所下载的资料来源于 考研资料下载中心获取更多考研资料，请访问 获取更多考研资料

“反应”和[D] associations“联合，联想，协会”均与句意相去甚远均与句意相去甚远。 8.[B]词义搭配。根据上文可以推测根据上文可以推测，此处在讲通过脑力此处在讲通过脑力锻炼可以大大改善我们的认知功能功能。故只有[B] functions符合句意。[A] genre“ (文学作品等的)种类种类”[C]circumstances“情况”和[D] criterion“标准”均与上下文句意相悖均与上下文句意相悖。 9.[D]词义搭配。根据上文可以推测根据上文可以推测，此处在讲“思考就其本质思考就其本质而言是在大脑中进行各种神经连接的而言是在大脑中进行各种神经连接的过程。”可见，[D] process符合句意。[A]channel“渠道渠道”、[B] condition“条件”和[C] sequence“次序”均与上下文句意不合均与上下文句意不合。 10.[C]词义搭配。persist in“坚持不懈”,believe in“信赖信赖”,excel in“在…方面突出的好””,feature in“在…方面占重要地位”。。根据上文可以推测，此处在讲“…“…我们在进行驱动智力的这些神经连结方进行驱动智力的这些神经连结方面的特殊能力是与生俱来的是与生俱来的。” 11.[D]逻辑搭配。从本句上下文看从本句上下文看，此处语气转折，故应选故应选[D] However。 12.[A]词义搭配。根据上文可以推测根据上文可以推测，此处在讲“智力是可以智力

是可以按脑力活动而增强并且是变化不定的”可见，[A] according to符合句脑力活动而增强并且是变化不定的。意。[B] regardless of“不考虑不考虑”、[C] apart from“除了”和[D] instead of“代替”均与上下文句意相悖均与上下文句意相悖。 13.[B]词义搭配。根据上文可以推测根据上文可以推测，此处在讲该公司““采取进一步措施”,故应选[B] further。 14.[D]词义搭配。此处在讲该网络公司开发的项目旨在帮助人们您所下载的资料来源于 考研资料下载中心获取更多考研资料，请访问 获取更多考研资料

改善并恢复他们智力的灵活性此处之所以选[D]flexibility改善并恢复他们智力的灵活性。“灵活性灵活性”是因为上段最后一句中说到是因为上段最后一句中说到“科学家认为，智力是可以按脑力活动而智力是可以按脑力活动而增强并且是变化不定的。。可见，智力是有弹性(flexibility) )的。[A] sharpness“敏锐性”、[B] stability“稳定性”和[C] framework““框架，结构”均与句意相去甚远均与句意相去甚远。 15.[D]词义搭配。此处在讲此处在讲“这项网络训练项目能使你系统地改你系统地改善记忆力和注意力。”force sb. to do sth.意为“强迫某人做某事强迫某人做某事”; remind sb. to do sth.“提醒某人做某事提醒某人做某事”;hurry sb.“催促”,,其搭配关系之一是：hurry sb. into doing sth.“催促某人做某事”。可见可见，上述 3词均与句意不符。allow sb. to do sth.意为“允许某人做某事允许某人做某事”,例如：Allow me to detain you for a moment.(请允许我躭误你一会儿请允许我躭误你一会儿。)综上所述，正确答案非[D] allows莫属。 16.[B]惯用搭配。根据上文可以推断根据上文可以推断，此处在讲这个培训项目的此处在讲这个培训项目的作用，它“能及时了解你的进步你的进步…”。 keep track of是成语，正合句意正合句意，故应选[B] track。 keep hold of“抓住”、 keep order of和 keep pace of均非成语。keep pace with有此习语，意为“与…步调一致”。 17.[C]结构搭配。根据上文可以知道此处在讲根据上文可以知道，“这个培训项目这个培训项目…并为你的表现和改进提供详细的反馈你的表现和改进提供详细的反馈。”可见，只有介词 for能满足本句的句意与结构需要。。 18.[C]词义搭配。根据上文可以了解根据上文可以了解，此处在进一步讲述这个培此处在进一步讲述这个培训项目的作用。 irregularly“不规则地”、 habitually“惯常地”和 unusually“不同寻常地”均与句意相去甚

远均与句意相去甚远。只有[C] constantly“不断地不断地”符您所下载的资料来源于 考研资料下载中心获取更多考研资料，请访问 获取更多考研资料

合句意。 19.[B]惯用型词义搭配。此处在进一步讲述这个培训项目的作用惯用型词义搭配此处在进一步讲述这个培训项目的作用。这个项目使你玩的训练游戏不断升级其目的当然是增强你在这个项目使你玩的训练游戏不断升级，你在开发的脑力。可见，[B] put是最佳选择，因为是最佳选择 put on是成语，意为意为“增加 (体重、肌肉、价钱、速度等”速度等)。 carry on继续进行，[C] build on以…为基础；信赖，[D] take on承担，均与上下文句意相悖。 20.[B]词义搭配。此处在讲这种训练就像一项此处在讲这种训练就像一项产生预期结果的产生预期结果的锻炼常规要求你增加对抗力并变换你肌肉使用的方法 risky有风险的炼常规要求你增加对抗力并变换你肌肉使用的方法。有风险的； effective产生预期结果的，有效的，产生预期结果的 idle闲着的，懒散的，,无用的； familiar熟悉的。其中只有其中只有 effective“产生预期结果的”符合句意符合句意。[评论]今年的完形填空难度属中等偏易，文章通俗易懂；其次是干今年的完形填空难度属中等偏易其次是干扰项的干扰性不强。

参考译文许多人开始注意到，他们的记忆力和思维的清晰度都他们的记忆力和思维的清晰度都人到中年，许多人开始注意到不如过去。我们突然想不起刚才把钥匙放在哪里我们突然想不起刚才把钥匙放在哪里，或者想不起一位老或者想不起一位老熟人的名字，或者想不起我们过去喜欢的一个乐队的名称或者想不起我们过去喜欢的一个乐队的名称。随着大脑随着大脑的衰退，我们把这些现象称作我们把这些现象称作“老年症。”这种智力的模糊尽管似乎这种智力的模糊尽管似乎无害，但它对我们职业的但它对我们职业的、社交的和个人的幸福极为有害。神经科学家，即研究神经系统的专家即研究神经系统的专家，越来越多地证明，,实际上还有许多事情可探讨。其实大脑需要锻炼就像肌肉一样其实大脑需要锻炼就像肌肉一样。恰当的脑力恰当的脑力锻炼可以大大改善我们的基本认知功能思考就其本质而言是在大脑锻炼可以大大改善我们的基本认知功能。您所下载的资料来源于 考研资料下载中心获取更多考研资料，请访问 获取更多考研资料

中进行各种神经连接的过程中进行各种神经连接的过程。在某种程度上讲，我们在进

行驱动智力进行驱动智力的这些神经连结方面的特殊能力是与生俱来的的这些神经连结方面的特殊能力是与生俱来的。然而，由于这些神经由于这些神经连结是通过努力和练习来实现的连结是通过努力和练习来实现的，所以科学家认为，智力是可以按脑智力是可以按脑力活动而增强并且是变化不定的力活动而增强并且是变化不定的。现在一家以网络为基础的公司采取一项进一步的措施并且开发了第一个“大脑训练项目大脑训练项目”,此项目设计来帮助人们改善和恢复他们此项目设计来帮助人们改善和恢复他们的智力灵活性。这项网络训练项目能使你系统地改善记忆力和注意力该项目能这项网络训练项目能使你系统地改善记忆力和注意力。及时了解你的进步并为你的表现和提高提供详细的反馈最重要的是及时了解你的进步并为你的表现和提高提供详细的反馈。最重要的是，它不断地改变并升级你玩的训练游戏以便增强你正在培养的脑力它不断地改变并升级你玩的训练游戏以便增强你正在培养的脑力，很像一项产生预期结果的锻炼常规要求你增加抗力并变换你肌肉使用像一项产生预期结果的锻炼常规要求你增加抗力并变换你肌肉使用的方法。

小结英语知识运用》的题材应为一篇 240~280 280字的短按大纲规定《英语知识运用文。本文是 281字，符合大纲要求试题类型有逻辑搭配、符合大纲要求。词义搭配词义搭配、结构搭配和惯用搭配。完形填空解题技巧是完形填空解题技巧是：把握主题、抓住上下文抓住上下文的逻辑主线、瞻前顾后、、各个击破，最后统观全文、查错补漏查错补漏。完形填空解题时间通常为 15分钟左右。千万不要超时，以免挤占后面各以免挤占后面各项的解题时间。本卷难度属中等偏易本卷难度属中等偏易。

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Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A Directions: Read the e following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C, D. Mark your choice on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points) Text 1 In order to"change lives for the better" and reduce"dependency," George Osborne, e, Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced oduced the"upfront work search" scheme. Only if the jobless arrive at the job centre with a CV, register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit -- and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. What could be more reasonable? More apparent reasonableness followed. There will now be a seven-day day wait for the jobseeker's allowance."Those first few day

s should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on." ." he claimed."We're doing these things because b we know they help people s stay off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster." faster" Help? Really? On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with"reforms" to an obviously indulgent ndulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidizes subsid laziness. What motivated him,您所下载的资料来源于 考研资料下载中心获取更多考研资料，请访问 获取更多考研资料

we were to understand, was his zeal for"fundamental fairness" -protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits. benefits Losing a job is hurting: you don't skip down to the job centre with a song in your heart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state. It is financially terrifying, terrifying, psychologically embarrassing and you know that support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; you are now excluded from the work environment that offers purpose and structure in your life. Worse, the crucial income to feed yourself and your family and pay the bills has disappeared. Ask anyone newly unemployed what they want and the answer is always: a job. But in Osborne-land, land, your first instinct is to fall into dependency -permanent dependency if you can get it -- supported by a state only too ready to indulge your falsehood. It is as though 20 years of ever ever-tougher reforms of the job search and benefit administration system never happened. The principle of British welfare is no longer that you can insure yourself against gainst the risk of unemployment and receive unconditional payments if the disaster happens. Even the very phrase"jobseeker's allowance" -- invented in 1996 -- is about redefining the unemployed as a"jobseeker" who had no mandatory right to a benefit he or r she has earned through making national insurance contributions.您所下载的资料来源于 考研资料下载中心获取更多考研资料，请访问 获取更多考研资料

Instead, the claimant receives a time-limited time limited"allowance," conditional on actively seeking a job; no entitlement and no insurance, at 71.70 pounds a week, one of the least generous in the EU. EU (443 words) 21. George Osborne's scheme was intended to[A] provide the unemployed with easier access to benefits. benefits[B] encourage jobseekers' active engagement in job seeking. seeking[C] motivate the unemployed to report voluntarily. voluntarily[D] guarantee jobseekers' legitimate le right to benefits. 22. The phrase"to sign on"(Line 2, Para.2) most probably means[A] to check on the availability of jobs at the jobcentre.[B] to accept the g

overnment's restrictions on the allowance. allowance[C] to register for an allowance from the government.[D] to attend a governmental job-training job program. 23. What promoted the chancellor to develop his scheme?[A] A desire to secure a better life for all. all[B] An eagerness to protect the unemployed. unemployed[C] An urge to be generous to the claimants. claimants[D] A passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers. taxpayers 24. According to Paragraph 3, being unemployed makes one feel[A] uneasy.[D] guilty. 25. To which of the following would the author most probably agree?您所下载的资料来源于 考研资料下载中心获取更多考研资料，请访问 获取更多考研资料

[B] enraged.

[C] insulted.

[A] The British welfare system indulges jobseekers' laziness. laziness[B] Osborne's reforms will reduce the risk of unemployment.[C] The jobseekers' allowance has met their actual needs. needs[D] Unemployment benefits should not be made conditional. conditional

重点词汇和短语 exchequer[财政大臣。scheme[历。 eligible[] n.财政部。Chancellor of the Exchequer[英国]] n.计划，方案。CV[=curriculum vitae]履] adj. (for)有资格得到…的。 benefit[] n.救

济金。stay off戒除，忌忌。complete adj. (with)附有，配套有配套有…的： We bought a house complete with furniture. indulgent indulgent[的，纵容的。subsidize[] adj.放纵]

] vt.给…补贴，资助。claimant[

n.申请者，请求者。deserving[

] adj.应得帮助的。check on检] n.本能；;直觉。] vt.纵容。only too非] n.

查，查对，核实。skip vi.蹦蹦跳跳。instinct[ permanent[] adj.永久的。永久的 indulge[

常，极；可惜。falsehood[

] n.谎言；虚伪。welfare[

福利。unconditional adj.无条件的。mandatory[必须的。

] adj.强制的强制的，

长难句剖析第 1段第 2句： Only if the jobless arrive at the job centre with a CV CV, register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be您所下载的资料来源于 考研资料下载中心获取更多考研资料，请访问 获取更多考研资料

eligible for benefit -- and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly.[注释] Only加条件状语从句放在句首，主句的主语加条件状语从句放在句首 they和助动词 will需要倒装。rather than是选择连词，意为“而不是”。第 2段第 7句：On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with""reforms" to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidizes subsid laziness.[注释]“on+动名词或动作性名词”意为“一…以后就动名词或动作性名词以后就…”。例如：On his arrival[=On arrivi

ng] at the airport, he was arrested by the police.(他一到达机场就被警察逮捕了到达机场就被警察逮捕了。) complete with…意为意为“配有…,…完备的”。此处 complete是形容词，例如： a large house complete with a swimming pool(设备齐全附有游泳池的大房子设备齐全附有游泳池的大房子)。too… to do sth.意为“太…以至不能做某事以至不能做某事”。

段落大意和语篇结构第 1段阐述财政大臣 George Osborne介绍了他的失业者求职失业者求职方案来鼓励求职者积极参与求职第 2段进一步说明新求职方案的合理性来鼓励求职者积极参与求职。段进一步说明新求职方案的合理性。第 3段讲述失业给人们带来的忧虑以及失业者的期盼。段讲述失业给人们带来的忧虑以及失业者的期盼第 4段阐述依赖救济金不会带给失业者幸福英国严酷的现实使依赖救济金的梦想赖救济金不会带给失业者幸福，彻底碰壁。本文的逻辑结构是第第 1段提出主题，第 2段加以阐述，第 3段揭您所下载的资料来源于 考研资料下载中心获取更多考研资料，请访问 获取更多考研资料

露失业的真相，最后一段通过转折指出现实生活的严酷性最后一段通过转折指出现实生活的严酷性。

试题解析 21.[B]逻辑结构题。逻辑结构题本题问： George Osborne介绍求职方案的用意是什么？本题测试细节与目的之间的逻辑关系本题测试细节与目的之间的逻辑关系。作者在本文一开头就指出 George Osborne介绍求职方案的用意是“为了改变我们的生活为了改变我们的生活过上好日子”并且降低““依赖性”。言下之意，有了工作就能过上好有了工作就能过上好日子，不必依赖他人。可见可见，George Osborne介绍求职方案是为了鼓励求职者积极参于求职。故应选[B] encourage jobseekers' active engagement in job seeking。[A] provide the unemployed with easier access to benefits“向失业者提供获得救济金更易途径向失业者提供获得救济金更易途径”应排除应排除，因为介绍求职方案不是为了得到救济金而是为了找工作。介绍求职方案不是为了得到救济金，[C] motivate the unemployed to report voluntarily“促使失业者自愿报告””和[D] guarantee jobseekers' legitimate right to benefits“保证求职者得到救济保证求职者得到救济金的合法权利”均属无中生有均属无中生有。 22.[C]词组释义题题。本题问：第 2段第 2行中的成语“to sign on”指的是什么意思？解这类题的技巧是瞻前顾后解这类题的技巧是瞻前顾后、推猜词义。上文讲到上文讲到“求职者为了获得津贴将要等求职者为

了获得津贴将要等 7天。”本句则说“那最初几天那最初几天应该花在找工作上，而不是瞧着瞧着。”显然，在逻辑上本句后半句是在逻辑上本句后半句是

否定上句中“求职者为了获得津贴而等求职者为了获得津贴而等 7天”的做法。由此推理由此推理，to sign on意为“登记领取登记领取政府津贴”。因此，[C] to register for an allowance from the government. government符合句意。[A]“查清职业介绍所是否查清职业介绍所是否您所下载的资料来源于 考研资料下载中心获取更多考研资料，请访问 获取更多考研资料

有工作”、[B]“接受政府对津贴的限止接受政府对津贴的限止”和[D]“出席政府的职业培出席政府的职业培训班”均与上述句意不符均与上述句意不符。 23.[B]细节理解题题。本题问：什么促使这位财政部长制订他的什么促使这位财政部长制订他的方案？第 2段最后一句写道：段最后一句写道“ What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for"fundamental"fundam fairness"…(我们的理解是我们的理解是，激励他的动机是他对“基本公平基本公平”的热忱…)”句中的 What motivated him与题干中的 What prompted prom the chancellor语义相同。可见可见，我们把搜索答案的范围可以定格在此句上该句后半句是：把搜索答案的范围可以定格在此句上。… was his zeal for"fundamental fairness"…(…是他对“基本公平”的热忱的热忱…)。言下之意，财长提出求职方案的目的是出于他对财长提出求职方案的目的是出于他对“基本公平””的热忱，也就是说，出于他渴望让所有人过上好日子故应选[A]。出于他渴望让所有人过上好日子。[D] A passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers“确保纳税人公平的激情”属概念偷换属概念偷换，因为文中说的是对求职者的公平因为文中说的是对求职者的公平，而不是纳税人。此外，在美国在美国领救济金的求职者是不纳税的[B]An济金的求职者是不纳税的。 An eagerness to protect the unemployed“渴望保护失业者”和[C] An urge to be generous to the claimants“对申请者慷慨的热望”均与第 1段第 1句前半句和第 2段最后一句的句意不符。 24.[A]细节理解题题。本题问：根据第 3段，失业使人感到如何失业使人感到如何？第 3段第 1句写道：“Losing a job is hurting…”第 2句又写道句又写道：“It is financially terrifying, psychologically embarrassing…”综合上述划线部综合上述划线部分可以得出结论：失业使人局促不安失业使人局促不安。故应选[A]uneasy“不安的不安的，担心的，局促的”。[B]enraged

“暴怒的”、[C] insulted“受侮辱的受侮辱的”您所下载的资料来源于 考研资料下载中心获取更多考研资料，请访问 获取更多考研资料

和[D] guilty“内疚的”均与上述句意不符均与上述句意不符。 25.[B]作者观点题题。本题问：作者很可能同意下面哪一项作者很可能同意下面哪一项？这是一道观点辨认题。解题方法是根据选项中的信息信号词寻找文章中相应细节，进行核对，以便去伪存真以便去伪存真。选项[A] The British welfare system indulges jobseekers' laziness“英国福利制度纵容求职者的懒惰英国福利制度纵容求职者的懒惰”,其中的信号词是 The British welfare system。我们在最后一段第 3句中找到相应信号词，分析该句内容分析该句内容，然后比对[A]项内容，结果发现结果发现[A]属正反颠倒，故应排除。。选项[B]Osborne's reforms will reduce the ri risk of unemployment“Osborne的改革将降低失业的风险”,其中的信号其中的信号词是 Osborne's reforms。第。 1段第 2句“只要失业者携带履历表只要失业者携带履历表来到职业介绍所、登记了网上求职登记了网上求职，并开始寻找工作…”和第 2段第 4句“我们做这些事情是因为我们知道我们做这些事情是因为我们知道这些事情有助于人们摆脱救济金这些事情有助于人们摆脱救济金并帮助那些依靠救济金的人更快地参加工作”都是 Osborne提出的并帮助那些依靠救济金的人更快地参加工作。新求职方案的内容，分析该两句内容分析该两句内容，然后比对[B]项内容，,结果发现，Osborne的改革方案降低了失业的风险。可见，这是本文作者的的改革方案降低了失业的风险这是本文作者的观点。故正确答案非[B]莫属。[评论]本文语言难度不大，长句较多，题目属中等难度。本文语言难度不大

参考译文为了“改变我们的生活过上好日子改变我们的生活过上好日子”并且降低“依赖性依赖性”,财政大臣 George Osborne介绍了这项“新的求职”方案。只要失业者携带介绍了这项只要失业者携带履历表来到职业介绍所、、登记了网上求职，并开始寻找工作，,他们就您所下载的资料来源于 考研资料下载中心获取更多考研资料，请访问 获取更多考研资料

有资格领取救济金，然后他们就应该每周而不是每两周向政府报告求职状况。有什么比这更合情合理呢有什么比这更合情合理呢？下面的事更为明显的符合情理现在求职者为了获得津贴将要等下面的事更为明显的符合情理。 7天。他说：“那最初几天应该花在找工作上那最初

几天应该花在找工作上，而不是瞧着登记领取而不是瞧着登记领取政府津贴。”“我们做这些事情是因为我们知道这些我们做这些事情是因为我们知道这些事情有助于人们摆事情有助于人们摆脱救济金并帮助那些依靠救济金的人更快地参加工作”帮助脱救济金并帮助那些依靠救济金的人更快地参加工作。帮助？真的吗？乍听起来，这是那位为社会担忧的财政部长试图改变我们的生活过上好日子，配有“许多改革许多改革”形成一个宽容的体系；这个体系几乎这个体系几乎并不要求刚失业的人做出努力就能找到工作因而助长了懒惰。我们并不要求刚失业的人做出努力就能找到工作，因而助长了懒惰的理解是，激励这位财政部长的动机是他对“基本公平”的热忱–保护纳税人、控制政府开支和确保只有应得帮助的申请者才能得到救济金。丢了工作是令人伤心苦恼的丢了工作是令人伤心苦恼的，因为你不会心里唱着歌、从慷慨的从慷慨的国家获得双倍收入的前景而兴高彩烈地蹦蹦跳跳直奔职业介绍所国家获得双倍收入的前景而兴高彩烈地蹦蹦跳跳直奔职业介绍所。失业从经济上讲是令人毛骨悚然的从经济上讲是令人毛骨悚然的，心理上讲是令人尴尬窘迫的心理上讲是令人尴尬窘迫的，并且你知道，生活扶助金微乎其微而且很难得到生活扶助金微乎其微而且很难得到。你现在没有工作你现在没有工作；你已经从向你提供生活目的和生活组织的工作环境中被排除了更糟糕的经从向你提供生活目的和生活组织的工作环境中被排除了。是，供养你自己和你家庭以及支付生活开支的重要收入已经消失了供养你自己和你家庭以及支付生活开支的重要收入已经消失了供养你自己和你家庭以及支付生活开支的重要收入已经消失了。你去问问新近失业的人他们想要什么你去问问新近失业的人他们想要什么，回答总是：一份工作。。但是在 Osborne的国家内，你的第一直觉是陷入依赖之中的国家内你的第一直觉是陷入依赖之中–永久的依赖，假如你能得到这种依赖假如你能得到这种依赖 --由一个非常想放纵你的虚伪的国家来抚养你。这就好像这就好像 20年的越来越棘手的求职和救济金管理制您所下载的资料来源于 考研资料下载中心获取更多考研资料，请访问 获取更多考研资料

度的改革从来就没有发生度的改革从来就没有发生过。英国福利的原则不再是：你可以为自己你可以为自己投保抵抗失业风险，如果灾难发生你能得到无条件赔款甚至连 1996如果灾难发生你能得到无条件赔款。

年起使用的“求职者津贴求职者津贴”这个词语也将把失业者重新定义为没有强这个词语也将把失业者重新定义为没有强制性权利领取救济金的““求职者”,而这种救济金是求职者通过国家而这种救济金是求职者通过国家保险投保已经挣得的。相反相反，申请人领到的是一笔有时间限止的申请人领到的是一笔有时间限止的“津贴”,条件是积极寻找工作条件是积极寻找工作；无权利和无保险，每周 71.70英镑英镑，是欧盟中最吝啬的失业津贴欧盟中最吝啬的失业津贴。

Text 2 All around the world, lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other profession---with profession the possible exception of journalism. But there are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America. During the decade before before the economic crisis, spending on legal services in America grew twice as fast as inflation. The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full full of money, tempting ever more students to pile into law schools. But most law graduates never get a big-firm firm job. Many of them instead become the kind of nuisance-lawsuit nuisance lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costly nightmare. There are many reasons for this. One is the excessive costs of a legal education. There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states: a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject, then a您所下载的资料来源于 考研资料下载中心获取更多考研资料，请访问 获取更多考研资料

three-year law degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam. This leaves today's average law-school law graduate with$100,000 of debt on top of undergraduate debts. Law-school Law debt means that many cannot afford to go into government or non-profit non work, and they have to work fearsomely hard. Reforming the system would help both lawyers and their customers. Sensible ideas have been around for a long time, but the state-level level bodies that govern the profession have been too conservative to implement them. One idea is to allow people to study law as an undergraduate degree. Another is to let students sit for the bar after only two years of law school. If the bar exam is truly a stern ste enough test for a would-be be lawyer, those who can sit it earlier should be allowed to do so. Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third. The other reason why hy costs are so high is the restrictive guild guild-like ownership structure of the business. Except in the District of Columbia Columbia, non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm. fir This keeps fees high and innovation slow. There is pressure for change from within the profession, but opponents of change among the regulators insist that

keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically. ethically In fact, allowing non-lawyers non lawyers to own shares in law firms woul would您所下载的资料来源于 考研资料下载中心获取更多考研资料，请访问 获取更多考研资料

reduce costs and improve services to customers, by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms' efficiency. After all, other countries, such as Australia and Britain, have started liberalizing their their legal professions. America should follow. (430 words) 26. A lot of students take up law as their profession due to[A] the growing demand from clients. clients[B] the increasing pressure of inflation. inflation[C] the prospect of working in big firms. firms[D] the attraction ion of financial rewards. 27. Which of the following adds to the costs of legal education in most American states?[A] Higher tuition fees for undergraduate studies. studies[B] Admissions approval from the bar association.[C] Pursuing a bachelor's degree in another anot major.[D] Receiving training by professional associations. associations 28. Hindrance to the reform of the legal system originates from[A] lawyers' and clients' strong resistance. resistance[B] the rigid bodies governing the profession.[C] the stern exam for would-be would lawyers.[D] non-professionals' professionals' sharp criticism. criticism 29. The guild-like like ownership structure is considered"restrictive" partly您所下载的资料来源于 考研资料下载中心获取更多考研资料，请访问 获取更多考研资料

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