2011年三级语法讲义

成人学士学位英语学习资料

人大三级学士学位英语辅导资料（一）

——语 法 辅 导

动词时态

被动语态

非谓语动词

形容词和副词

情态动词

名词性从句

定语从句

状语从句

虚拟语气

倒装句

强调句

附加疑问句

主谓一致

代 词

挑 错

第一章第二章第三章第四章第五章第六章第七章第八章第九章第十章第十一章第十二章第十三章第十四章第十五章

成人学士学位英语学习资料

第一章 动词时态

1. 一般现在时：在时间、条件状语从句中表示将来的动作用一般现在时：常用的连词有as soon

as, when，till, if等。

e.g. When he comes back, he will go and see his cousin in hospital.

If it rains tomorrow, the sports meet will be put off.

The porter will wait till the train arrives.

2. 一般过去时：used to do sth. be used to doing sth.

e.g. The architect used to take the dog for a walk after supper when he lived here.

Now he is used to browsing the newspapers in the evening.

3. 一般将来时：表示将来的动作或状态。

a) will (shall) +原形动词：

e.g. Peter will take robotics next semester.

b) 某些表示开始、终结、往来行动的动词如：go ,come, start, arrive, leave等的现在进行时可

表示将来。

e.g. The police are leaving for Brasilia tomorrow.

The foreign guests are arriving in Jinan tonight by air.

Are you going to attend the lecture tomorrow afternoon?

c) be to +动词原形： 表示安排或计划好了的动作。

e.g. The new road to the museum is to be open to traffic before National Day.

d) be about to +动词原形：表示即将发生的动作。

e.g. The lecture is about to begin.

4. 过去将来时：表示在过去预计将要发生的动作，常用于宾语从句。

e.g. The freshmen wanted to know when the sports meet would start.

5. 现在进行时：

表示此时此刻（说话时）正在进行的动作。现阶段正在进行的动作，但此刻并不一定在进行。

e.g. My nephew is having an English class in Beijing Normal University.

The workers are building a museum near the stadium.

6. 过去进行时：

a) 表示在过去某一段时间正在进行的动作。常用表示过去的时间状语或通过上下文来判断。

e.gThe sailor was reading a French novel from seven to nine last night.

b) when 和while 的用法

e.gWhile John was eating, my brother-in-law walked to him and asked him to lend him $100.

When the plane arrived, some of the detectives were waiting inside the main building

c) 表示过去将来的动作。现在进行时可以表示将来的动作，同样，过去进行时也可以表示

从过去某时间看将来要发生的动作。

e.g. The president was leaving early the next morning.

7. 现在完成时：

a) 表示动作刚刚结束（常和just, already, yet等词连用）；或表示动作的结果（一般不用时间

状语）。e.g.Jefferson has just turned off the light.、

b) 表示过去某时开始的动作一直延续到现在，并且可能会继续延续下去（常用since引导的

短语或从句，或由for 引导的短语连用）。

e.g.The astronaut has been engaged in the research for 30 years.

They’ve known each other since childhood.

成人学士学位英语学习资料

c) 非延续性动词的完成时和it is +时间+since….（过去时）

英语中有些动词不能延续， 因此不能和表示延续的时间状语连用。

e.g. It is (has been) an hour since the delegation arrived here.

It is 3 years since the diver left Shanghai.

d) have (has) been to 和have (has) gone to 的区别

have (has) been to:去过某地（表示某人的一种经历）可和once, twice, often, never, ever连

用。have (has) gone to:

e.g.The novelist has gone to the Yellowstone National Park.

The novelist has been to the Yellowstone National Park twice.

非延续性动词的用法说明：

come

e.g. He came here last week.

He has come here.

be here

e.g. He has been here for ten months since last year.

arrive: be here

die

e.g. The professor died last year.

The professor has died.

be dead

e.g. The professor has been dead for one year.

join

e.g. Robert joined the army in 2005.

Robert has joined the army.

be in the army

e.g. Robert has been in the army for two years.

Robert has been in the army since 2005.

It’s (has been) two years since he joined the army.

buy

e.g. Bob bought the dictionary in May.

Bob has bought the dictionary.

get, have

e.g. Bob has had the dictionary for four months.

go

e.g. The delegation has gone to Japan.

The delegation has been to Japan.

be there, be here

e.g. The delegation has been in Japan for three years.

8. 过去完成时

a) 表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成了的动作（即过去的过去）。这个过去的某一时

间可用by, before等介词或连词引导的短语或一个从句来表示。

e.g. By the end of last year, the chemist had worked here for five years.

b) 表示从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到另一个过去的时间的动作。

e.g.The meeting had been on for two hours when we arrived there.

成人学士学位英语学习资料

c) 在含有as soon as 等连词引导的状语从句的复合句中，主句和从句都可以用一般过去时

表示，而不用过去完成时。

e.g. I called him as soon as I got ticket of Beijing 2008 Olympic Games.

d) 过去完成时常用在no sooner …than…, hardly/scarcely/barely, rarely …when…，“一…就…”

句型之中，句子倒装。

e.g.Scarcely had he opened the door when a gust of wind blew the candle out.

9. 将来完成时：表示在将来某一时间以前完成的动作。

e.g.By the time the next train arrives, the governor will have left.

e.g.The scientist will have finished writing the article by the time you get back.

10. 现在完成进行时：

表示从过去某时刻一直延续到现在的动作，这个动作一般会继续延续下去，或是到说话时结

束，但是强调到说话时为止一直在做的动作。

e.g.The Rices have been waiting on the platform for ten minutes now without seeing her.

历年真题：

1. No sooner had she entered the house ______ the telephone rang. (2004-4-44)

A. when B. than C. as D. while

2. By next year he ______ in New York for five years. (2004-11-30)

A. has worked B. has been working C. works D. will have worked

3．By the time you arrive this evening, ______ for two hours. (2004-11-41)

A. I will study B. I will have been studied

C. I had studied D. I will have been studying

4. Since he left the university, he ______ in a travel agency. (2006-4-16)

A. has been working B. had worked

C. had been working D. was working

5. Mrs. White became a teacher in 1985. She ____ for twenty years by next summer. (2007-11-43)

A. will teach B. would have taught

C. has been teaching D. will have been teaching

6. In another year or so, you _____ all about it. (2008-4-33)

A. forget B. would forget

C. have forgotten D. will have forgotten

练 习：

1. In this experiment, they were wakened several times during the night and asked to report what

they ______.

A. had just been dreaming B. have just been dreaming

C. are just dreaming D. had just dreamt

2. Not until the game had began ______ at the sports ground.

A. had he arrived B. would he have arrived

C. did he arrive D. should he have arrived

3. Until then, his family ______ from him for six months.

A. didn’t hear B. hasn’t been hearing C. hasn’t heard D. hadn’t heard

4. The conference ______ a full week by the time it ends.

A. must have lasted B. will have lasted C. would last D. has lasted

5. By the end of this month, we surely ______ a satisfactory solution to the problem.

成人学士学位英语学习资料

A. have found B. will be finding C. will have found D. are finding

6. If you smoke in a non-smoking section, people ______.

A. have objected B. objected C. must object D. will object

7. Pick me up at 8 o’clock. I ______ my bath by then.

A. will have had B. will be having C. can have had D. my have

8. It seems oil ______ from this pipe for some time. We’ll have to take the machine apart to put

it right.

A. had leaked B. is leaking C. leaked D. has been leaking

9. The Browns ______ here, but not any more.

A. were used to living B. had lived C. used to live D. had been living

10. Bob’s leg got hurt ______ the Purple Mountains.

A. While he is climbing up B. while we climbed up

C. while he climbed up D. while we were climbing up

11. Orlando, a city in Florida, ______ for its main attraction, Magic Kingdom.

A. which is well known B. well known C. is well-known D. being well known

12. We ______ our breakfast when an old man came to the door.

A. just have had B. have just had C. just had D. had just had

13. They will go home for winter vocation as soon as they ______ their exams.

A. have finished B. finish C. finished D. was finishing

14. Joe fell and hurt himself while he ______ tennis.

A. was playing B. am playing C. play D. played

15. One of the guards ______ when the general came in, which made him very angry.

A. has slept B. were sleeping C. slept D. was sleeping

16. He has ______ the army for ten years and is now an officer.

A. gone into B. joined in C. been in D. come into

17. The chemistry class ______ for five minutes when we hurried there.

A. had been on B. was on C. has been on D. would be on

18. No sooner had we sat down ______ we found it was time to go.

A. than B. when C. as D. while

19. By the end of last month, the workers ______ 20,000 trees in the science and technology park.

A. had planted B.have planted C. planted D. having been plant

20. By the end of next month, the workers ______ two parking lots in this area.

A. had built B.have build C. have built D. will have built

21. No sooner had the boss left the company than ______.

A. it began rain B. it began to raining

C. it began to rain D. the weather began to rain

22. Hardly had he finished his speech ______ the audience started cheering.

A. than B.when C.while D. then

23. No sooner had Susan entered the flat ______ the doctor knocked at the door.

A. when B. than C. as D. while

24. By the time John gets home, his aunt ______.

A. will have B. leaves C. will have left D. is leaving

成人学士学位英语学习资料

Translation：

1. 昨天晚上七点到九点他正在做作业。

2. 天文学家们正在北京开会。

3. 约翰过去常在河里游泳。 他现在习惯于住在巴黎的郊区。

4. 到今年年底，比尔在这个石油公司工作五年了。

5. 这个城市的三环路将在国庆节前通车。

6. 讲座马上就要开始了。

7. 我们大学的校长明天动身去纽约。

8. 外宾今晚到达济南。

9. 他说他想知道会议何时开始。

10. 除了苏珊外，我们班所有的同学都去过迪斯尼乐园了。

11. 我表妹一到澳门就给我发email。

12. 外出度假的风俗习惯是最近30年形成的。

答 案：历年真题：1-5 BDDAD 6 D

练 习：1-5 ACDBC 6-10 DADCD 11-15 CDBAD

16-20 CAAAD 21-24 CBBC

翻 译：

1. He was doing his homework from seven to nine last night

2. The astronomers are attending a conference in Beijing.

3. John used to swim in the river. He is used to living in the suburb of Paris.

4. By the end of this year, Bill will have worked in this oil company for 5 years.

5. The Third-Ring Road of this city is to be open to traffic before the Teachers’ Day.

6. The lecture is about to begin.

7. The president of our university is leaving for Greece tomorrow.

8. The agents are arriving in Hong Kong tonight.

9. He said he wanted to know when the conferenc would start.

10. All of our classmates have been to the Disneyland except Susan.

Many of our classmates have been to the Disneyland besides Susan.

11. My cousin emailed me as soon as she arrived at Macao.

12. The custom of going away for one's holiday has grown up during the last thirty years.

第二章 被动语态

be done vt.

e.g. The new products are made in this factory.

The new products were made in this factory.

The new products have been made in this factory.

The new products had been made in this factory.

The new products are being made in this factory.

The new products were being made in this factory.

The new products will be made in this factory.

The new products would be made in this factory.

特殊例句：

1. 含有直接宾语和间接宾语的句子

成人学士学位英语学习资料

He gave me a book.

I was given a book. 或 A book was given to me.

2. 短语动词的被动语态

由动词+副词、动词+介词或动词+副词+介词构成的短语动词也可以构成被动结构，但要把

它们看作整体，副词或介词通常不能与动词分开或省略。

e.g. The poor child was laughed at by his classmates because he failed the exam.

The meeting has been put off.

The children are well looked after in our kindergarten.

The doctor has been sent for.

3. 情态动词的被动语态:构成：情态动词+be+过去分词。

e.g. The new products can be made in this factory.

The work must be finished before lunch.

Nothing can be seen from here.

4. 用主动表示被动:常用的及物动词有：want, need, require（此句型主语大多为物）

e.g. The door needs painting.

The door needs to be painted.

历年真题：

1. Pierre often makes himself ______ by gesturing with his hands. (2004-11-45)

A. to understand B. understanding

C. to be understood D. understood

2. He ______ when the bus came to a sudden stop. (2005-4-33)

A. was almost hurt B. was almost to hurt himself

C. was almost hurt himself D. was almost hurting himself

3. The goods ______ when we arrived at the airport. (2006-4-22)

A. were just unloading B. were just been unloading

C. had just unloaded D. were just being unloaded

4. To succeed in a scientific experiment, ______. (2005-11-17)

A. one needs being patient person B. patience is to need

C. one needs to be patient D. patience is what needed

5. ______, a form must be filled in. (2006-4-32)

A. If you want to get this job B. In order to get this job

C. Making request for this job D. To ask for this job

6. A library with five thousand books ______ to the nation as a gift. (2008-4-29)

A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered

练 习：

1. A great deal of research ______ into the possible causes of cancer in recent years.

A. has been done B. have been done C. have doing D. have done

2. Much of London ______ by fire in the seventeenth century.

A. be destroyed B. were destroyed

C. being destroyed D. was destroyed

3. Three hundred houses ______ by the end of next year.

A. will have been built B .will be build

C. will have been build D. will have built

成人学士学位英语学习资料

4. She was told that the examination ______ on next Friday.

A. will be give B. would be given

C. would have been given D. will given

5. I’ll have to push the car to the side of the road because we ______if we leave it here.

A. will be fined B. will fined C. will be fine D. will being fiend

6. The goods ______ when we arrived at the airport.

A. have spoken B. had just unloaded

C. have been unloaded D. had just been unloaded

7. John will have to go to work by bus as his car ______.

A. being repaired B．be being repaired

C. is being repaired D. is repaired

8. English ______ in many countries of the world.

A. be spoken B. is spoke C. is being spoken D. is spoken

9. This matter ______ seriously.

A. has never been considered B. has never been consider

C. has never been considering D. having never

10. More experts ______ to assist in the work next week.

A. will be send B. will sent C.will be sent D.will being sent

11. These assignments ______ independently.

A. must be finish B. must be finished

C. must being finished D. must be finishes

12. When the power station ______, thousands of people took part in the work.

A. is being constructed B.was being constructed

C. is constructed D. was constructed

13. I think much attention ______ to your pronunciation.

A. must be paid B. must paying C. must pay D. must paid

14. The policeman warned us that the old bridge ______ away by the floods but he said that a

temporary one ______ soon.

A. had been sweept, would be built B. has been swept, would be built

C. had been swept, would be build D.had been swept, would be built

15. If one ______ by pride, he will reject useful advice and friendly assistance.

A. is overcomed B. is overcome C. is overcame D. being overcome

16. My room is in a mess. It needs ______.

A. to be tidying up B. tidying up C. to tidy up D. tidied up

Translation：

1. 我们请人把机器修好了。

2. 人们已要求牧师请人把这棵树砍掉,但到现在他一直拒绝接受这个要求。

3. 上个月教练要求我们每天爬山。

4. 这家公司每年生产各种各样的玩具，其中大部分销往海外。

5. 货物必须九月底以前装运。

6. 电视广告通常一遍又一遍地重复播放。

7. 这位心理学家使用了一种特殊的仪器来研究短时记忆。

8. 有人建议他练习说英语。

成人学士学位英语学习资料

9. 孩子们在幼儿园受到保育员很好的照顾。 10. 这个博物馆是由福特博士在1998年从哈佛大学毕业后设计的。

答 案：

历年真题：1-5 DADCA 6 A 练 习：1-5 ADABA 6-10 DCDAC 11-15 BBADB 16 B

翻 译：1. We have had the machine repaired.

2. The priest has been asked to have the tree cut down, but so far he has refused to accept the

requirement.

3. Last month, we were made to go climbing every day by our coach / our coach made us go

climbing every day.

4. All kinds of toys are produced / made in this factory every year and many of them are sold

abroad.

5. The goods must be shipped before the end of September.

6. Television ads are usually repeated over and over again.

7. A special appa’ratus was used by the psychologist to study short-term memory.

8. He was advised to practise speaking English.

9. The children are taken good care of in the kindergarten by the nurses.

10. The museum was designed by Dr. Ford after his graduation from Harward in 1998.

第三章 非谓语动词

非谓语动词分三种，即：不定式，动名词和分词。下面分三部分进行介绍。

I. 动词不定式：在句子中可以充当主语、表语、宾语、补足语、状语和定语。

1. 动词不定式作主语

e.g. To talk with him is a waste of time.

It is a great pleasure to talk with him.

To swim across the river is very dangerous for a young boy like him.

2. 动词不定式作表语

e.g. Our plan is to finish the work in two weeks.

My job is raising pigs

What we should do next is to discuss the problem.

3. 动词不定式作宾语

常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有decide, fail, know, plan, promise, refuse, want,wish,

e.g. The athlete has decided to get the work done ahead of schedule.

The mechanic promised not to tell anyone about it.

The clerk told me that he wanted to study computer science abroad the next year.

4. 动词不定式作宾补

三个使役动词have, let,make，五个感官动词feel, hear, notice, see, watch,和help。

e.g. Your mother won't let you play basketball after lunch.

Jack would have me wait for him at the gate of the park.

The professor heard the students read the text loudly in the classroom before class and then he

praised them in class.

The students were heard to read the text loudly in the classroom by the professor before class

and then he praised them in class.

The little boy is fat and his father makes him run on the playground every morning.

成人学士学位英语学习资料

The little boy is made to run on the playground every morning.

5. 动词不定式作状语

e.g.To get the ticket, the football fans got up very early and went to cinema by taxi.

The dentist hurried to the post office only to find that she had forgotten to bring the letter.

To earn more money for his family, Robert sells newspapers in his spare time.

I am pleased to receive your letter of May 21st .

Jim is too short to reach the largest apple in the tree.

6. 动词不定式作定语

e.g Bob has a word to say

Bob has a few clothes to wash

He is always the first one to get up.

The idea to have the capital moved inland will have a great effect on the future of Brazil.

7. 动词不定式的被动式:

当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的对象时（或动作的承受者时）不定式一般要用被动式。

e.g. It is an honor for me to be asked to speak here.

To be asked to speak here is an honor for me.

8. 动词不定式的复合结构:如需指出不定式动作的发出者时（即逻辑主语时）要在不定式前

用for加名词（或代词）表示。

e.g. It was very difficult for me to swim across the broad river..

It is necessary for you to learn two foreign languages before graduation.

9. 动词不定式的完成式

表示不定式的动作发生在句子谓语所表示的动作之前。

e.g. Judging from (by) his manners at the party, the barber doesn’t seem to have received much

education. He is said to have written a book about modern business English.

II. 动名词：在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语和定语。

1. 动名词作主语

e.g. Reading aloud is very important in learning a foreign language.

It is no use asking her advice.

It is no good crying over spilt milk.

2. 动名词作表语

e.g. Her job is looking after the disabled.

动名词和动词不定式都可以作主语或表语，一般来说，表示比较抽象的行为时多用动名词。

表示具体动作或将来发生的动作时用动词不定式。

e.g. Smoking is not allowed here.

To smoke so much is not good for you.

Their job is building house. Their task this month is to build another bridge across the river.

3. 动名词作及物动词的宾语

以下及物动词及短语动词常用动名词作宾语。

avoid, can’t help, consider, deny, enjoy, excuse, finish, mind, practise, suggest。

e.g. Jefferson suggested spending another day in the mountain area.

She is considering asking her employer for a rise.

The singer practises singing every morning in the park.

4. 动名词作介词的宾语

e.g. The scientists succeeded in doing the experiment last month.

成人学士学位英语学习资料

The old woman is always looking forward to her daughter’s coming back home.

5. 动名词作定语表示用途，分词作定语表示动作正在进行

e.g. a swimming pool: a pool for swimming. a sleeping car: a car for sleeping.

a flying plane: a plane which is flying. a running car: a car which is running.

6. 动名词的完成时

表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生时，用动名词的完成时。

e.g.The salesgirl doesn’t remember having sold such kind of mobile phone.

The pop singer regretted having said such tactless words at the cocktail party.

7. 动名词的被动式

e.g.The president insisted on being treated as an ordinary employee.

Little George didn’t mind being left alone at home.

8. 动名词的逻辑主语:动名词的逻辑主语可使用形容词性的物主代词或代词的宾格。

e.g. The clerk is pleased with John’s paying income tax in time.

III. 分词：在句子中可以作表语、状语、补足语和定语。

1. 现在分词作表语：

e.g. The day is charming.

The magic is interesting.

2. 现在分词作状语

e.g. Walking in the street, Hill met an old friend of his father’s.

Laughing and talking, a group of girls came into the meeting hall.

Being a warm-hearted man, Joe is ready to help others when they need.

3. 现在分词作补足语

e.g. The boss suddenly heard someone knocking at the door.

Don’t you see him coming towards us?

4. 现在分词作定语

e.g. My niece is reading an interesting book.

The boy sitting between his father and mother is my nephew.

5. 现在分词的被动式

e.g.Having been given a portable computer, Jim plays the computer games every day.

6. 现在分词的完成式

e.g. Having done his homework, the freshman began to watch TV.

Not having done it right，the assistant tried again。

7. 过去分词作表语

e.g. The door is locked.

The parents are surprised at the news that his son will get married next week.

8. 过去分词作状语

e.g. Exhausted by the trip, he soon fell asleep.

Seen from the hill, the park looks beautiful.

John turned away disappointed.

9. 过去分词作补足语

e.g.We found the eggs eaten by the snake.

I once heard the song sung in English.

10. 过去分词作定语

e.g. People like to drink boiled water.

成人学士学位英语学习资料

The experience gained in the experiment is of great value.

The stadium being built in Chaoyang District was designed by Hill.

The stadium to be built next year in Chaoyang District was designed by Hill.

The stadium built last year in Chaoyang District was designed by Hill.

remember, forget, regret和mean接不定式和动名词的区别

e.g. I remember seeing you last year at the theater.

Remember to return the novel to the library as soon as you come back to the college.

e.g. The worker forgets buying the toy for his niece.

The dustman forgot to turn off the light when he left the room.

e.g. The guest regretted breaking the rare vase at the party.

The professor regretted spending so much money on a car.

I regret to tell you that I lost my portable computer.

e.g. Missing this train means waiting for another hour.

I meant to give you some brandy this morning, but I forgot.

独立主格：当分词短语的主语和主句的主语不一致时要用分词的独立主格结构

e.g. Wanting to read novels, I went to the library to borrow one.

My mother wanting to read novels, I went to the library to borrowed one.

The test finished, we began our holiday.

= When the test was finished, we began our holiday.

The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.

= After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.

Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.

= If the weather permits, we are going to visit you tomorrow.

The work done, we went home.

The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.

He came into the storeroom, his ears red with cold.

He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.

With的复合结构 :表伴随时，既可用分词的独立结构，也可用with的复合结构。

with +名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语

e.g. He stood there, his hand raised.= He stood there, with his hand raise.

历年真题：

1. Classes ______, the students left for home without delay. (2004-4-18)

A. were over B. being over C. are over D. over

2. John, ______ the bet, had to pay for the dinner. (2004-4-33)

A. lost B. having lost C. losing D. having loss

3. With the flowers ______ everywhere, the park looks beautiful. (2004-4-38)

A. to bloom B. blooming C. be blooming D. to be blooming

4. The mother didn’t know ____to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.

(2004-11-36)A. who B. when C. how D. what

5. Would you mind ______ the computer game in your room? (2004-11-29)

A. he playing B. his playing C. him to play D. him play

6. Henry is often seen ______ English loudly every morning in the classroom. (2004-11-31)

A. read B. reads C. reading D. to read

成人学士学位英语学习资料

7. The question ______ at the meeting tomorrow is very important. (2004-11-34)

A. to discuss B. being discussed C. to be discussed D. will be discussed

8. ______, we decided to leave at once, as we didn’t want to risk missing the bus. (2004-11-26)

A. As it being pretty late B. It being pretty late

C. It was being pretty late D. Being pretty late

9. The little boy saw the plane ______ and burst into flames. (2005-4-16)

A. complete B. compel

C. crash D. clutch

10. Some cities have passed laws that allow coal and oil __ only if their sulfur content is low.

(2005-4) A. burning B. to burn

C. being burned D. to be burned

11. With the bridge ______, there was nothing for the soldier but to swim (2005-4-39)

A. was destroyed B. destroying

C. being destroyed D. destroyed

12. Having no money but ___ to know, he simply said he would go without dinner. (2005-4-40)

A. not to want anyone B. wanted no one

C. not wanting anyone D. to want no one

13. Today the police can watch cars ______ on roads by radar. (2005-4-45)

A. run B. to run

C. running D. to be run

14. I meant ______ you, but I forgot. (2006-11-18)

A. ringing B. being ringing C. to ringing D. to ring

15. It is not easy ______ the answer to the difficult math problem. (2005-11-23)

A. to figure out B. figuring out C. figure out D. being figured out

16. The teacher has his students ______ a composition every other week. (2005-11-37)

A. to write B. written C. writing D. write

17. All things ______, the planned trip had to be called off. (2006-4-23)

A. considered B. be considered C. considering D. having considered

18. ______ in a company, Miss Li will become a famous pop singer. (2006-4-33)

A. It is an employee that B. She was an employee

C. An employee before D. Once an employee

19. Is there any possibility of getting the price ______ further? (2006-11-20)

A. reduced B. reduce C. reducing D. be reduced

20. ______ you feel too ill to go out. I would rather not stay at home tonight. (2006-11-21)

A. Because B. Although C. Unless D. If

21. Because of many mistakes, she was made ______ these letters again. (2006-11-22)

A. type B. to typing C. typed D. to type

22. It is hot and dry; the flowers need ______. (2006-11-23)

A. being watered B. be watered C. to water D. to be watered

23. He began by showing us where the country was and went on __ us about its climate.

(2006-11-24)A. telling B. to tell C. to telling D. to be told

24. Once ______ of the necessity of a move, he worked hard to find a new home. (2006-11-26)

A. convinced B. be convinced C. convincing D. having convinced

25. So many representatives______, the conference had to be put off. (2006-11-27)

成人学士学位英语学习资料

A. were absent B. to be absent C. being absent D. had been absent

26. People appreciate ______ with him because he has a good sense of humor. (2006-4-26)

A. to work B. working C. to have worked D. have working

27. ______ a teacher, one must first be a pupil. (2006-4-31)

A. Being B. Having been C. To be D. To have been

28. She apologized for ______ to attend the meeting. (2005-11-27)

A. her being not able B. her to be not able

C. her not to be able D. her not being able

29. “What makes her so unhappy?”

“______ one of her favorite books.” (2007-11-20)

A. Because she lost B. Because of her losing

C. She lost D. Her losing

30. You look tired. Do you ______ a rest? (2007-11-24)

A. like having B. feel like having C. like have D. feel like to have

31. The comments which he made ______ marketing bothered his boss greatly. (2007-11-41)

A. being concerned B. concerned C. be concerned D. concerning

32. The novel I bought last week is worth ______, I think. (2008-4-35)

A. reading B. being read C. to read D. to be read

33. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only ______ the film stars had left. (2007-11-42)

A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told

34. It is no ______ talking to him, because he will never change his mind. (2008-4-31)

A. help B. use C. time D. way

35. The way I thought of ______ the animal was of great value. (2008-4-32)

A. protecting B. protect

C. being protected D. to protect

36. Did you notice the little boy ______ away? (2008-4-37)

A. took the candy and run B. taking the candy and run

C. take the candy and run D. who taking the candy and running

37. ______ gives people more knowledge of the society than literature. (2008-4-38)

A. Anything B. Nothing C. Something D. Everything

练习：

1. I remember ______ the dictionary to him, but he asked me about it this morning.

A. to return B. returning C. being returned D. return

2. ______ a wrong telephone number, I couldn’t contact my friend by phone.

A. Giving B. To be given C. Having given D. Having been given

3. ______ one’s work properly may be worse than not doing it at all.

A. Not to do B. Doing not C. Doing D. Not doing

4. He claimed ______ at the yesterday's party.

A. having been badly treated B. to have been badly treated

C. being treated badly D. to be treated badly

5. The chemicals in the container are acting on each other so as ______ electric current.

A. producing B. to produce C. for producing D. produced

6. When a couple becomes engaged ______, it is customary for the man to buy the woman an

engagement ring.

成人学士学位英语学习资料

A. to marry B. marrying C. being married D. to be married

7. This is the fifth case of smallpox ______ in the town this year.

A. when occurring B. to occur C. occurring D. occurred

8. The enemy had no way out but ______.

A. surrender B. surrendering C. to surrender D. having to surrender

9. The heroic fighter would rather die with his head high than ______ with his knees bent.

A. to live B. live C. living D. lived

10. The way he talks is simply intolerable, I object to ______ like a child.

A. treat B. be treated C. treating D. being treated

11. He asked what ______ with the money?

A. doing B. to do C. do D. did

12. When visiting a foreign country, I sometimes found it difficult ______.

A. making others understand me B. to make myself understand

C. to make others understand me D. to make myself understood

13. I've decided to do what I ______.

A. like B. like to C. like it D. like it so

14. She hurried to the post office only ______ that it was closed.

A. to find B. finding C. found D. having found

15. The dying soldier had the message ______ straight to the commander.

A. sent B. be sent C. to be sent D. being sent

16. Urban mothers had difficulty ______ their children into children care centers.

A. getting B. get C. to get D. for getting

17. They were envious of Michael because of ______ the director of the board.

A. his being made B. his making C. he was made D. his having made

18. One is likely to suffer from snow blindness when ______ to snow light for hours.

A. exposed B. having exposed C. exposing D. to be exposed

19. __for so long, the New York baseball team stands a chance of winning the world series this year.

A. Having been practiced B. To practice

C. Having practiced D. Practiced

20. There is no use ______ him at this hour. He is having a conference now.

A. to call B. called C. call D. calling

21. ____ the possibilities of a water shortage during the summer months, the city has asked its

citizens to limit the use of water.

A. Facing with B. Being faced with C. Faced with D. To face with

22. ______ any tickets, they didn’t go to the concert.

A. Having got B. Having not got

C. Not having got D. Not to have got

23. The woman was ______ to hear that her son had been caught stealing in a restaurant.

A. surprised B. surprisingly C. surprising D. surprise

24. While ______ for the bus, the old man met a friend of his.

A. wait B.having waited C.waited D.waiting

25. Encouragement through praise is the most effective method of getting people ______ their best.

A. do B. to do C. doing D. done

26. The ability ______ is very important for any speaker.

成人学士学位英语学习资料

A. to hear clearly B. to be clearly heard C. to hearing clearly D. to being clearly heard

27. Mr. and Mrs. Smith didn’t expect the house ______ so well.

A. to be decorated B. to decorate C. be decorated D. decorating

28. It was very difficult ______ me to learn Spanish.

A. of B. to C. with D. for

29. It is necessary ______ the papers immediately.

A. for you to hand in B. that you hand out C. your hand in D. for your hand in

30. I don’t remember ______.

A. ever to be saying B. to have ever said

C. having ever said that D. ever said that

31. No one avoids ______ by advertisements.

A. influenced B. influencing C. to influence D. being influenced

32. Susan was very unhappy for not ______ to the party.

A. to be invited B. having been invited C. inviting D. to have been invited

33. He forgot about ______ him to attend my wife’s birthday party.

A. I asking B. my asking C. me to ask D. mine to ask

34. I object to ______ on the office phone.

A. his making private calls B. his make private calls

C. his to make private calls D. him make private calls

35. Don’t risk ______ the job which so many people want.

A. losing B. to lose C. lost D. your life to lose

36. I don’t think it is any use ______ this matter any further.

A. discussing B. to discuss C. to discussing D. to be discussed

37. You don’t object ______ you by your first name, do you?

A. for me to call B. me to call C. to my calling D. my calling

38. The students are looking forward to ______ their parents in winter vacation.

A. see B. watch C. seeing D. being seen

39. Men will never stop ______ for new ways of getting new energy.

A. search B. to search C. searching D. searched

40. You have been talking for two hours. How long do you intend to go on ______ like that?

A. talking B. to talk C. doing talking D. talk

41. I’ve never read any books ______ by this writer.

A. writes B. writing C. written D. to write

42. The middle-aged man was seen ______ out of the house on the afternoon of the murder.

A. came B. come C. to come D. have come

43. John suggested ______ anything about it until they found out more facts.

A. not to say B. saying not C. to say not D. not saying

Translation:

1. 我表妹一到澳门就给我写了信。

2. 两周内完成这项任务并不容易。

3. 怎样筹集到足够的资金仍然是个问题。

4. 她的愿望是嫁给一个诚实的年轻人。

5. 她没向我们告别就走了。

6. 罗伯特怕缺课太多，赶紧回到学校。

成人学士学位英语学习资料

7. 吉姆表示歉意，因为他没有遵守诺言。

8. 强盗手里拿着刀闯进了屋子。

9. 我后悔做了这样的事。

10. 被释人质重返家园与家人团聚真是令人感动的场景。

11. 他们发现在下午6点前不可能完成这项工作。

12. 他花了几个星期时间才适应了大学生活。

13. 即将建成的体育场能容纳6万多观众。

答 案：

历年真题：1-5 BBBAB 6-10 DCBCD 11-15 DCADA 16-20 DADAC

21-25 DDBAC 26-30 BCDDB 31-35 DABBA 36-37 CA

练 习：1-5 BDDBB 6-10 DDCBD 11-15 BDAAA 16-20 AAACD 21-25 CCADB

26-30 BADAC 31-35 DBBAA 36-40 ACCCA 41-43 CCD

翻 译：

1. My cousin wrote to me as soon as he arrived at Macau.

2. It is not easy to finish the task within two weeks.

3. How to get enough capital is still a question. / It is still a question how to get enough capital.

4. Her wish is to marry an honest young man.

5. She left without saying goodbye to us.

6. Robert hurried back to school for fear of missing / that he miss too many lessons.

7. Jim apologized for not having kept his promise.

8. A robber burst into the room, knife in hand.

9. I regret having done such a thing.

10. The homecoming of the released hostages and their reunionwith their families was an affecting

scene.

11. They found it impossible to finish the task before 6 pm.

12. It took him several weeks to adapt himself to college life.

13. The stadium to be built can hold more than 60,000 audience.

第四章 形容词和副词

形容词和副词的平行级、比较级和最高级

平行级 as +原级+as not as (so) +原级+as

e.g. There are as many seats in this hall as in that one.

We have as much snow this year as last year.

The boxer doesn’t speak French so fluently as you.

These engines are not as powerful as those we have made.

He doesn’t make so（as） much progress as he had expected.

比较级 -er more

e.g. It is cooler today in Mardrid than it was yesterday.

Linda is cleverer than any other girl in his class.

She has better memory than I.

Women are more patient with children than men.

This company is better organized than that one.

成人学士学位英语学习资料

The horse runs little faster than the camel.

The Chang’an Street is far wider and longer than any other street in Beijing.

Jim runs a little (a bit) faster than his younger brother.

My sister is a head shorter than I.

I got to the cinema ten minutes later than John.

Autumn is coming, it is getting cooler and cooler.

The harder you study, the more knowledge you will get.

The sooner you leave the company, the better.

In fact，the busier he is， the happier he feels。

The more he thought about the thing，the angrier he grew.

No more than : only

Not more than: less than

e.g.There is no more than 5 yuan in my purse.

There is not more than 5 yuan in my purse.

最高级 -est most

Xiao Wang studies the hardest in our class.

e.g. Mary is cleverer than any other girl in her class.

Mary is cleverest girl in her class.

The Yangtze River is the longest river in China.

The Mississippi is one of the longest rivers in the world.

I think that Anna is by far the most active member in our group.

Of the two lectures, the first was by far the better one, partly because the person who delivered it

most: very

e.g. It is most dangerous to let children play with fire.

历年真题：

1. English is used by more people than is ______ language except Chinese. (2005-11-18)

A. any B. any other C. other D. all other

2. This new coat cost me ______ the last one I bought two years ago. (2005-11-28)

A. three times B. three times as much as

C. three times as much D. three times much as

3. This morning Jack came to school later ______. (2006-11-43)

A. than usual B. as usual

C. like usual D. like usually

4. After the new technique was introduced, the factory produced ____ cars in 2002 as the year

before. (2007-11-44) A. as many twice B. as twice many

C. twice many as D. twice as many

练 习：

1. We believe that the younger generation will prove ______ of our trust.

A. worth B. worthless C. worthy D. worthwhile

2. England and America are ______ in many ways.

A. like B. alike C. likely D. likewise

3. She is ______ of the two sisters.

成人学士学位英语学习资料

A. the tallest but the least beautiful B. tall but not beautiful

C. the taller but the less beautiful D. taller but not as beautiful

4. Staying in a hotel costs _______ staying in a student’s dormitory a week.

A. twice than B. twice as much as

C. nearly always D. as twice much as

5. The old man often goes fishing with a ______.

A. bamboo long fishing pole B. pole long, fishing and bamboo

C. long bamboo fishing pole D. bamboo fishing pole, long

6. Mary is taller than ______ on the football team.

A. any other girl B. any girl C. any other girls

Translation：

1. 我的新衣服比旧衣服贵一倍。

2. 情况比你想象的要复杂的多。

3. 今年雨量比去年大的多。

4. 我表妹喜爱足球胜过游泳。

5. 他越生气，我就越高兴。

6. 王英教英语比他姐姐认真。

7. 上海是中国最大的工业中心。

8. 黄河是中国第二条最长的河流。

9. 这个物理题不像我最初想象的那么复杂。

10. 今年我们新建的博物馆跟去年一样多。

11. 一般来说，女孩比男孩说话的时间要早。

12. 越来越多的人们关心我们的自然环境。

答 案：历年真题：1-4 BBBD

练 习：1-5 CBCBC 6 A

翻译：

1. My new dress cost me twice as much as the old one.

2. The situation was far more complicated than you could imagine.

3. We have had a lot more rainfall this year than we had last year.

4. My cousin likes football more than swimming.

5. The angrier he becomes, the happier I am.

6. Wang Ying teaches Englisn more carefully than his sister.

7. Shanghai is the biggest center of industry in China.

8. The Yellow River is the second longest one in China.

9. This physics problem is not as complicated as I imaged at first.

10. We have built as many museums this year as we did last year.

11. Generally speaking，girls talk at an earlier age than boys.

12. More and more people are concerned about our natural environment.

D. other girls

成人学士学位英语学习资料

第五章 情态动词

must: 表示推测，有三种形式：must do; must be doing; must have done.

e.g. Judging by his accent, Ann must be from the North America.

My aunt must be at the library.

My tutor must be correcting my paper.

The professor must be doing preparation for tomorrow’s lesson at home now.

The manager must have been very angry at the meeting because his employee said some tactless

words.

---Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here.

---She must have gone by bus.

---Must I start out no？

---No, you needn’t. (No, you don’t have to.)

---Yes, you must.

I must go now.

I have to go now.

We’ll have to reconsider the matter.

We must tide up the room every day.

情态动词+have+过去分词

情态动词用来表示能力、允许、许诺、可能、劝告、意愿等概念或态度。情态动词无人称

变化，在句子中和动词原形一起构成谓语。根据这几年的考试看，着重测验情态动词接完成

时的用法。

1. may (might) have + done sth, can (could) have + done sth

表示过去，推测过去时间里可能发生的事情。

e.g. Philip may (might) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.

Philip can (could) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.

2. ought to have done sth, should have done sth

本应该做某事，而事实上并没有做。否定句表示"不该做某事而做了"。

e.g. You ought to (should) have been more careful in this experiment.

He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.（事实上已扔了。）

ought to 在语气上比should 要强。

3. needn’t have done sth

e.g. The film actor brought a lot of clothes when he went to the seaside.

But actually he needn't have done so, because it was hot there.

4. had better表示最好

had better 相当于一个助动词，它只有一种形式，它后面要跟动词原形。

had better do sth

had better not do sth

e.g. It is pretty cold. You'd better put on your overcoat.

She’d better not play with the dog.

历年真题：

1. Since this road is wet and slippery this morning, it _____ last night. (2004-11-35)

A. must rain B. was raining

成人学士学位英语学习资料

C. must have rained D. may rain

2. She ______ be ill because I saw her playing tennis just now. (2005-11-20)

A. can’t B. couldn’t C. mustn’t D. may not

3. Sorry, officer. I ______ at 80 miles but I didn’t see any sign in the area telling people how fast

they can drive. (2005-11-21)

A. should not drive B. shouldn’t have driven

C. mustn’t drive D. can’t drive

4. I ______ my wallet when I was shopping in the store. (2005-11-30)

A. must have dropped B. should have dropped

C. could drop D. ought to have dropped

5. With all this work on hand, she ____ to the dance party last night. (2006-11-30)

A. oughtn’t to go B. hadn’t gone

C. shouldn’t have gone D. mustn’t have gone

6. You ______ not have seen her yesterdays for she was abroad. (2007-11-30)

A. must B. should C. could D. would

练习：

1. Mr. Green ______ my letter, otherwise he would have replied before now.

A. must have received B. must have failed to receive

C. must receive D. must fail to receive

2. I believe he ______ an accident, otherwise he would have arrived on time.

A. would have had B. could have had

C. should have had D. must have had

3. They have done things they ought ______.

A. not to do B. not to be done C. not to have done D. not having done

4. I’m sorry I couldn’t get in touch with him before he left, I ______ him earlier.

A. had a telephone B. have phoned

C. should have phoned D. should be phoned

Translation:

1. 史密斯先生一定住得离这儿很近。

2. 你本来不必抄写整篇课文。

3. 布朗先生见到红灯本来应该停车。

4. 这一定是你在校园里丢失的手机。

5. 这位建筑师可能今天太忙不能去工地了。

6. 简一定在今天早上把钥匙落在图书馆了。

7. 请你把盐递給女主人好吗？

8. 请你告诉我湖南的天气怎么样?

9. 咱们快点吧，凯特一定在自然博物馆门口等着我们呢。

10. 劳驾，请问去首都机场怎么走？

答 案：历年真题：1-5 CABAC 6 C 练 习：1-4 BDCC

翻译：

1. Mr. Smith must live quite near here.

2. You needn’t have copied the whole text.

本文来源：https://www.bwwdw.com/article/wbh4.html