新概念英语第二册笔记

我刚刚开始学第3册，把每天的所得与大家分享。 Lesson1 A puma at large

课文精讲 1 puma 美洲狮

2 spot 看出，发现 同义词: see,catch sight of , pick out , recognize 3 hunt 追捕，追猎 hunt for run after追求 seek / pursuade追寻 chase追赶

search搜寻某处为找到某物 4 corner使走投无路

5 trail n.一串，一系列 v.follow 6 cling : hold tightly粘 cling to 粘在.....上

stick 粘住 stick to坚持 sticky 粘的 cling--clung--clung 7 convince 使确信, 使明白

convince sb ( of sth ) make sb feel certain ,cause sb to realize

confirm : provide evidence for the truth or correctness of ( a report, an opinion,etc) ; establish the truth of 证实，证明（报告，意见）的正确性，确认

8 somehow : by some means , in some way, for some reason unknow somewhat : a little

9 at large : (1)(of a crimial , animal) free , not confirmed (2) in great detail , throughly

(3)（用于名词后）as a whole, in gernal

10 on the spot （1）马上，立刻 （2）在场，在现场 11 assemble 聚集,把某些人召集在一起 hoard 大量的贮存

amass 积聚 ( 主要用于诗和文学作品中) 12 take sth seriously 认真对待

13 leave behind (1) cause (signs of one's actions,an event,etc) to remain (2) fail or forget to bring or take 14 complain of 抱怨

15 in the possession of / in possession of 为(某人)所有/ (某人) 拥有(某物) 16 feel obliged to investigate感到有必要调查 feel obliged to / be obliged to感到有必要(做某事) oblige sb (with sth) /oblige sb (by doing sth) 17 go on for several weeks持续好几周 18 in the quiet country在宁静的乡村 补充

19 accumulate : gradually get or gather together an increasing number or quantity of sth ; get sth in this way

20 extraordinary : beyond what is ordinary extraordinarily : adv. 21 blackberry黑莓 22 print 痕迹

Lesson2 thirteen quals one

课文精讲 1 equal等于 与......相匹敌

be equal to 有能力...... 2 raise 筹款,募捐 提高

饲养 供养 种植 招募 提出 发出

3 torchlight 电筒光 4 always

现在进行时与频度副词 always,constantly,continally等搭配表示说话人带有的感情色彩 5 one or another 某种，这样或那样 one reason or another one way or another

6 get enough money 筹集足够的钱 7 have something done 找某人来做某事 have the church repaired have the plane repaired have hair cut

某人所遭受的意外某情况(主语必须是发出动作的人) He had his wallet stolen.

8 used to 过去常常 ......, 现在已经不再做 9 however用于口语，主要用在句首. 用在作文中，最好用在句中句尾,要用逗号隔开 nevertheless nonetheless 10 start惊跳,惊吓 11 before ....才

12 armed with 配备上，武装上 armed with the torch

13 recognized sb as 认出某人是

regard sb as / think of sb as 认为某人是 treat sb as 以....待某人 have on sb as把某人尊为 14 night after night 一夜又一夜

day after day year after year week after week bus after bus 15 as well 在句 尾 = too 主要用于肯定句

still用在句首 用逗号隔开, 报是转折表示转折 “虽然如此，但是”

16 get used to ,be used to, get accustomed to, be accustomed to习惯于 get表示渐进的过程 be 表示习惯了的状态 补充

17 in prep.（1）与表示惊奇，恐惧，失望，生气等感情色彩的名词搭配，在句中做状语 in surprise in anger in disappoint in dismay （2）“以，用” in English in red in ink

（3） 表示状态 、情况、处境 in trouble in tears

in good/bad order in good repair in debt

in good / bad health in the bad mood in bed

inpoverty / luxury in a favor of excitment

18 be grateful for / be thankful for 为......表示感谢 19 take the trouble to do something不辞劳苦地做某事 I am grateful for the trouble you have taken for me.

20 still 作连接副词= just the same ,even though , in spite of that 仍然 yet 但是，然而

It's raining , still I must go out.

This picture is not too vabulable, still I like it. I have failed, yet I shall try again.

lesson3 An unknown goddness

课文精讲

1 stand = lie, situate(vt.), locate(vt.) A great tree stands on the mout.

2 for 引导原因状语从句，表示对主句的附加说明和解释 because引导原因状语从句，重点突出原因 3 at one time = once 曾经，一度

4enjoyed a high level of civilization享有高度文明

5 with ...

6 beautifully decorated 过去分词做定语，表示被动意义 They had large rooms with beautifully decorated walls. 房间很大，墙壁装饰华丽.

7 beneath the narrow streets = under the narrow streets 作介词时 beneath = under 在... ... 正下方 under还有\在进行中\的意思 under control under discussion under repair

below 在下方 强调斜下方

8 be used as / be used to be 把...... 用做为 9 date from / date back to开始于, 起源于 10 happen to (v.) 碰巧 还有两种表达:

It happens / happened that

As it happens / happened that碰巧, 偶然 happen on + n. / pron.偶然发现 11 reconstruct : put together, restore 12 amazed : very much surprised

表示吃惊 的程度 surprised < astonished < amazed < astounded 13 to find ... / to discover ... / to realize ... 发觉....... 14 turn out ( to be)证明是...... 还可以用:

It turned out that...据证明

as it turned out正如事后证明或证实的那样, 果不其然 15 rest on = depend on = lean on 倚放, 放置 His hands rested on my shoulder.

16 despite / in spite of 都是prep. 接名词或动名词

17 to one's surprise , with one's surprise 使某人惊讶的是...... 不同在: to one's surprise 可做独立状语,而且主语不必是人 with one's surprise 不能独立使用,而且主语必须是人

相同的用法还有 to one's disappointment, to one's satisfaction, to one's delight to one's dismay;

with one's disappointment,with one's satisfaction, with one's delight, with one's dismay. 18 sacred 神圣的

religious 宗教的, 关于宗教的 frightening令人害怕的

19 conserve = keep from wasted, damaged,lost,destroyed保留 maintain维持, 保养

20 at this distance ( of / in time ) 时隔已久 beforehand = in advance 事先 补充

21 drainage 排水, 放水; 排水系统

drain system 排水系统 22 archaelogist考古学家 23 promontory海角 24 storey 楼层 同音词 story 故事

25 full--length: not shortened; of the expected length a full--length skirt : a skirt that reaches the anckles

Lesson 4 The double life of Alfred Bloggs

Vocabulary

1 manual: physical <---->mental 2 collar

white collar ( do mental work ) blue collar ( do manual work) ( get) hot under the collar怒气冲天

3 sacrifice 牺牲 : to give up for good purpose ~ one's life for country ~ time

make many ~s

4 privilege : advantage好处 special right特权 sacrifice one's ~

give sb the ~ of doing sth privileged荣幸的 5 dustman清洁工 6 overalls工作服 7 secrect秘密 keep secrect保密 保密还有3 种说法

(1)It is between you and me. (2) I'll keep it to myself. (3) confidential 机密的 in secrect私下里

= secrectly,in private, privately in the secrect知道内情

8 status = social position社会地位 形近词 statue 雕像,雕塑 课文精讲

1 people who do manual work =>blue-collar worker

people who work in offices, people who do mental work =>white-collar worker 2 far more money多许多钱 far =much副词, 起加强语气的作用

3 refer to ... as = regard ... as 把......看作 / 称作为

I always refer to him as a bookworm.

4 for the simple reason =>for引导原因状语从句

for the reason that 比because正式, for the reason that 多用于正式语句, 而because 多用在口语中

5 human nature人性 6 such...that...

that引导同位语从句,进一步补充说明 such的涵义

Such is human nature, that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white-collar workers. 7 be willing to = be ready to心甘情愿做 ...... 8 give rise to, lead to,cause=result in 引起，惹起 The bad conditions have given rise to a lot of crimes. 9 in case of万一, 以防 in the case of 至于,就......而言

Stealing is no shame in case of him.

You should ensure your house in case of fire. 10 too embrassed to say太尴尬而没有说明 =be ashamed of 10 get married marry v. 强调动作时 He married the girl. 表示状态 get / be married

表达“和某人结婚已经多长时间了” be married to sb 11 simply = only, just, ...and no more. adv.修饰 told 12 dressed in a smart black suit 形容词短语表达一种状态 = wearing a smart black suit

13 changed （back) into 换上，（换回）

14 Before returning home = Before he returned home 如果运用动名词形式，动名词的主语必须是主句的主语

15 she never will = she will never discover the secrect. 在省略句中never 用在助动词前 16 half as much as 是......的一半多 half / a quarter/ three times as ... as ... ... as +(adj. / adv.)+ as ...是......的几倍

... times + (adj.的比较级/ adv.的比较级）比......多几倍 17 is well worth the loss of money well 起加强语气作用, 修饰 worth Difficulties in exercise

1 当直接宾语比较长或者是个从句时, 通常放在间接宾语后, say 除外 I explained to him the impossibilty of granting(答应) this request. He confessed(坦白) to me that he had fallen asleep during the meeting. 2 worth + n./ 动名词

His suggestion is worth considering.

3 illustrate 阐释,说明 4 gain获利,赢得(经过努力) ~ time ~reputation fee(为专业服务支付的)费用 the doctor's fee the lawer's fee

payment (formal) (商业信贷)付的费用 wages (体力劳动者的)工资 salary (白领阶层的)薪水 5 pay back偿还,报复 reward 酬劳

compensate for = make up for 弥补

more than compensate for = is well worth the loss of Lesson 5 The Facts Vocabulary 1 edit v.编辑 edition n编辑

editorial a.编辑的，主编的 n.社论

2 extreme 极端

走极端go to extreme(s) 3 statistics数据

4 journalist报社，杂志社的记者 reporter电视台的记者

correspondent电台记者，通讯员 5 palace宫殿

6 publish = print (vt.) go to press (vi.Phr) 7 fire v.解雇 = dismiss (formal) = sack ( 俚语)

If you do it wrong again, you'll be sacked . 8 originally最初地，原始地 Text

1 instruct sb to do sth = tell sb formally to do sth 2 on = about 强调课题更专一 3 When the article arrived

= When the editor received the article 4 refuse to publish it拒绝发表（它） refuse严厉拒绝 decline婉言拒绝

repudiate(formal)断然拒绝

5 instructing 现在分词做定语，补充说明fax 6 set out to do = decide & try to do

He set out to make his first 1,000,000 in 5 years. set about doing = start doing sth (no passive) 7 take sb a long time to do sth某人花费很长时间做某事 8 two more faxes = another two faxes 9 fail to = couldn't

The journalist failed to reply. 10 reluctantly = unwilling

11 as it had or been written = in its originally way 12 倒装句小结

A not only 位于句首，倒装 not only ...but (also)...

Not only had the poor man been arrested,but he had been sent into prison as well. B 否定词位于句首，倒装

常用的否定词有 never, seldom. rarely, little,hardly,scarcely, no where, no sonner

C 含 only 的状语位于句首，倒装

Only then did he realize that he had made a mistake.

Only when a great deal more information has been obtained, will it be possible to plan a trip.

D含 not的短语 位于句首，倒装 not for a moment, not in the least not for an instant not until

E 含no的副词短语 位于句首，倒装 at no time in no way in no sense by no means in no case on no condition on no account

under no circumstances F so ,such位于句首，倒装 13 he had at last been allowed = he had at last been permitted = he had asked for pemission

14 while 和现在分词搭配，做时间状语，表示正在做某事的过程中 可用 while引导的时间状语从句替换

He had been arrested while counting the 1084 steps ... = ... while he was counting ... 15 现在分词

the step leading to the president's palace 16 fifteen-foot 做前置定语， 用单数 Difficulties

倒装句（见课文讲解）

lesson 6 Smash-and-grab

Vocabulary

smash: break sth into pieces violently The dishes was smashed in the floor. smash into 猛撞,猛冲.猛击 2 grab:seize suddenly

catch: get hold of sth / sb suddenly and violently seize 强调抓住抓到的结果 grasp: 掌握 hold:抓牢,抓紧

He grabed me by the arm. Fear seize her. 3 background背景

on the background of sth background information

a man of excellent background 4 scramble vi. creep quickly climb vt.爬 mount vt.登上(山) 5 fantastic: very great large wonderful 6 arcade 7 jewellery 8 velvet 9 headlight 10 blare 11 raid 12 ashtray Text

1 介词短语修饰 shops

The shoe shop in my neighborhood was just opening. 2 同位语从句

Mr. Taylor, the owner of a jewellery shop was admiring a new display. 3 with 的复合结构 本课重点

A. 宾语和宾语补足语在逻辑上是主谓关系用动词-ing 形式

B.宾语和宾语补足语在逻辑上是动宾关系用过去分词形式

C. 描述当时的情况用形容词, 副词，或介词短语. 表示宾语的状况. D. 表达事情将要发生用动词的不定式 to eg.

She stood there with her hands resting on her hips. He ran into the room with his face covered with tears. With his homework finished he felt happy. He used to sleep with all windows open. He went out with his hat on.

With the meeting over, we went home. He came in with a knife in his hand.

Two others with black stockings over faces jumped out. With a lot of homework to do, he can't go to the cinema. with放在句首或句尾, 做状语, 表示行为方式, 原因, 或伴随状况. with 放在名词后, 修饰限定该名词

eg. a thief with stocking over his face a room with the windows open 4 come to + n.到达 come to a stop come to an end come to a decision come to an agreement come to an understanding come to fame come to success 5 at

at the butcher's at the backer's at the greengrocer's at the chemist's 6 help oneself to自便

My roommate helped herself to my clothes without asking me.

7 too busy to notice any pain = concentrated one's mind that did not feel any pain 8 at a fantasic speed = at a tremendous speed = at a high( full ) speed = with great speed

9 hunderds of thousands of dollars worth of jewel 价值上百万美元的珠宝 10 前缀构词法 本课重点 (1) dis- A. dis- + adj.

agreeable --disagreeable content --discontent graceful ---disgraceful satisfactory ---dissatisfactory B. dis- + n.

agreement ----disagreement honest ---dishonest

ability ---disability grace ----disgrace C. dis-表示除去.解除 名词前加上dis-转化为动词 courage --- discourage root --- disroot mask --- dismask burden --- disburden (2) ill-后面接以l开头的形容词 legal --illegal logical -- illogical literate -- illterate legible -- illegible (3) im- 后面接以b, m, p, 开头的形容词 mortal -- immortal moral --- immoral (4) ir-用在以r开头的形容词前

rational -- irrational resistble -- irresistible (5) in- 用在以其他字母开头的形容词前 correct -- incorrect accurate -- inaccurate (6) un- 后面接形容词或动词 \不\happy -- unhappy \无\condition -- uncondition 表示\为\主要用在过去分词前

decided -- undecided finished -- unfinished 用在动词前表示做相反的动作

lock -- unlock tie -- untie pack -- unpack Difficlties in excersize 1 on one's way to在......的路上 on the way to在......的路上

He is on the way to become a lawer. = He is on his way to become a lawer. warn sb out of one's way提醒某人让路 in one's way挡路

2 名词前有修饰词时,修饰词的语序时先形容词后名词 3 speed强调加快动作和工作的进程 speed up

accelerate加速 v. reverse 倒车 v.

4 overdressed穿着讲究的 5 overlooked俯瞰

6 as it happened这类事的发生 7 hurl用力投掷

8 project发射 = send up lesson 7 Mutilated ladies

Vocabulary

1 mutilate 毁伤，残害 vt. 通常用做被动语态

He was mutilated in the accident, and now has only one leg. You have already mutilated the novel by making such changes. mutilation切断，残缺不全n. 2 chew咀嚼v.

A lot of people love chewing gums. Don't bite off more than one can chew. chew the fat聊天

chewed up(俚) worried, anxious

Don't get chewed up about your examation. 3 microwave oven微波炉

microswich微型开关 microfilm微缩胶卷 microscope显微镜 microphone microsecond百万分之一秒 microbiology微生物学 4 safekeeping妥善保管 n.

keep sth safe v.phr.---safekeeping n. do evil v.phr. --- evildoing n.

make trouble v.phr. --- troublemaking n. 5 identify v.鉴定 identity n.身份

identification n. 认明, 确认 6 spodeswoman女发言人 Notes on the text

1 段首用疑问句引发读者的兴趣和注意力 2 rescue save 救(性命) salvage(在水中捞)救 rescue 抢救(东西)

Hundereds of people went to help the plane rescue .

3 whiter than white 在英国常见的广告用语，在这里译为 damaged, mutilated 4 make mistakes like this 犯这种错误 5 team组织

a team called Mutilated Ladies which deals with claims from people who fed their money to a machine or to their dogs

called Multitated Ladies 做team的定语, 表达被动意义。which引导定语从句修饰team ,说明这个组织的宗旨和 职能。which 引导的定语从句中又包含一个who引导的小从句，修饰限定people，这里的定语从句是具体说哪一类的人。 6 make a claim 提出要求 7 feed sth to 喂......给..... 这里是拟人

8 concern : is about

A recent case concerns Jane Butlin whose fiancé, John, runs a successful furniture business.

whose引导的定语从句

9 run a factory, run a copany run 经营, 开 10 have a good day 这里指这一天的生意好 11 to keep it safe 为了保险起见

12 put his wallet containing $3,000 into the microwave oven for safekeeping = put his wallet which contained $3,ooo ... 13 go horse-riding 去骑马

14 beautifully-cooked wallet 这里是讽刺,幽默的说法

15 John went to see his bank manager who sent the remains of wallet and the money to the special department of the Bank of England in Newcastle: the Mutilate Ladies! who指代 bankmanager

16 so long as = oncondition that = provided = suppose, supposing 17 pay for为......付款, 付......款 pay off 还清债务

pay back (1)把钱还给某人(2)报复, 报仇 pay money back pay sb back

Special difficulties 1 定语从句 2 现在分词 3 过去分词 4 后缀

--less 表示否定 careless -ful 有, 充满了 hopeful careful -ly

adj.+ -ly ---> adv. happy ---> happily n. + -ly ---> adj. day ---> daily -ic, -pic energetic -ish

childish womanish -able

v. + -able ---> adj. identify ---> identifiable return ---> returnable

Lesson 8 The famous monastery Vocabulary

1 monastery寺院，修道院 Abbot修道院院长 Convent nun修女

Abbess女修道院院长

2 rashly: not thinking enough of the result, boldly 3 enclosure围场，圈地 4 privacy n.宁静，隐居 Notes on the text

1 At 2,473 meters 介词短语修饰全文，放在句首，表示原因，条件或状态 In red, she looks much more beautiful. 2 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句

There were few passengers who escaped without serious injury. 顺利逃出没有受重伤的旅客很少。 非限制性定语从句

There were few passengers, who escaped without serious injury. 旅客很少，都顺利逃出，没有受重伤。

3 who导非限制性定语从句，指代人，在句中做主语 指代事物在非限制性定语从句中只能用which不用that

He lent me a thousand dollars, which was exactly the sum I need. 4 now that 既然

引导时间状语从句，后面接完成时态

Now that you have left university, you have to find a job. 引导原因状语从句时态不限

Now that you won’t help me, I must do the job myself.

5 ever 与 what, who, when, where 连用，加强语气（特别是疑问句的语气） Whoever told you that, didn’t know what he was talking about. 6 attempt to do sth ---try to do sth 前者更正式 7 There be

There are still a few students studying English in the classroom. 8 in cars = by car 9 about = here and there Don’t litter waste papers about. 10 wander about

注意wander和wonder发音不同 11 quite the opposite恰恰相反 12 prefer sth to sth prefer to do than do

He prefers bananas than apples. He prefers reading than doing nothing. He prefers to read than do nothing.

13 the regular visitors to the monastery 来修道院参观的常客

14 These young people, who love the peace of the mountain, always receive a warm welcome at St Bernard’s monastery. Who 引导的非限制性定语从句

Mike, who loves chess very much, entered for the game.

Lesson 9 Flying cats Vocabulary

1 fascinate迷住，吸引住v. be facinated with 近义词：

like , love , be fond of be facinated with 对......着迷 be crasy about , be mad about fascination 迷惑,蛊惑 n.

fascinating 迷 人的, 醉人的 adj. 2 affectionate充满深情的，柔情的 Cat is a kind of affectionate animal. affectionatly adv.深情地 affection n.感情

3 mysterious adj. 神秘的，难以捉摸的 mystery n.秘密

4 submissive adj.服从的，顺从的 = obdient

be submissive to sb submit v.屈服，顺从 submit oneself to sb /sth submission n. 5 feline adj. 猫的 6 independence 独立性 7 windowsill n. 窗槛 8 paratrooper n. 伞兵 9 squirrel n. 松鼠

10 air-resistance n. 空气阻力 11 impact n. 冲击力 Notes in the text

1 Cats never fail to fascinate human beings. never fail to 是双重否定。加深了句子的语义 双重否定又有四种：

（1）never fail to, can't fail to, don't fail to （2）在否定的形容词前加以否定 not reasonable, not uncommon ( 3 ) not+without

You can't obtain English without working hard. ( 4 ) no + not

There is no rule that has no exception. 2 have learned to 学会了，习惯于

3 be supicious of sb 怀疑某人，对某人存有戒心

4 One of the things that fascinates us most about cats is the popular belief that they

have nine lives. 是that引导的同位语从句

5 truth 不可数。用a great deal of 修饰 6 appearantly = It seems that ...

7 A cat's ability to survive falls is based on fact. suvive v. fall n.& v

be based on 基于事实上的

base sth on把......建立在......的基础上 We base the theory on the fact. 8 make a study of sth 对......做出研究 9 over a period of five month经过为时五个月 10 in common = the same

11 die from shock / injures / wound强调非自然死亡

die of illness / disease / hunger / thirsty 强调因疾病，寒冷饥饿或感情因素死亡 12 be shortage of = be lack of there is no shortage of tall buildings = there is no lack of tall buildings = there are plenty of tall buildings 13 well-trained训练有素的 well-decorated装修得很好的

14 It seems that the further cats fall, the less they are likely to injure themselves. the further ... , the less .... 用定冠词the修饰形容词或副词的比较级

The harder you study English, the better you can learn it. 15 be likely to do有可能如何 16 and more甚至更多 17 at high speed高速 18 stretch out伸展

Difficulties in exercise 1 for 对于人们来讲

with对于人们来讲，强调对比概念

With some children, their pocket money goes a long way. 2 during在......期间, 强调时间短 through侧重指从空间通过 throughout自始至终, 贯穿始终

3 be based on = be supported by被......证实 Lesson 10 The loss of the Titanic Vocabulary

1 colossal: large in size

近义词 big , large , huge , great , vast , immense , enormous , giant , gigiantic , trem

endous , titantic . big大且很重，重要的

You give me a big surprise. He is a big person. The box is big. large体积大，数量大 an empty large box a large number of people great伟大 vast 辽阔 vast desert

immense: 不可测量的，无边无际的 immeasurable immense stadium immense iceburg

enormous数量大，程度深，体积大。强调程度时语义强于big giant巨大的，高大的；巨人 a giant person gigantic adj.

tremendous: big, fast, powerful.

The plane is travelling at tremenendous speed. titanic人和物体积大，力量大 The ship is titanic. huge强调体积大，数量大 a huge stone

a huge amount of money 2 watertight不漏水的 a watertight ship

a watertight argument, a watertight excuse waterproof防水的

waterproof watch 防水手表 waterproof coat雨衣 3 flood vt.&n.

vt. 1) be filled with water The ship is flooded. 2) 引申为充满

The room is flooded with moonlight. n. 洪水

1) in flood河水泛滥

During the rains, the river is in flood. 2) in a flood of words滔滔不绝地

She blamed her husband in a flood of words on seeing him. 4 tragic:悲剧的 unfortunate, miserable, bitter tragedy n. in tragedy comic喜剧的, comedy喜剧 comical古怪的，可笑的

5 voyage海上航行 flight飞行 journey长途行程 navigation航海，航海术

The voyage is more than the old lady can bear. 6 collide碰撞，抵触 crash坠毁

conflic和......相抵触 clash相冲突

It is said there is an airplane that crashed in the mountains. My idea conflicts with yours.

His wedding clashed with my examation, so I couldn't go. 7 tremble 有规律，小幅度的抖动

Look, your hands are trembling. What's wrong with you? shiver 因寒冷、惧怕一连串地抖动 I found she is shivering in a cold. shudder全身颤栗

The boy is shuddering. Why? Because he was frightening. 8 fiant : (1) weak weak sound (2) uncousious

近义词 slight 轻微的，微不足道的 a slight headache a slight book

9 abandon因为某事被迫放弃自己喜爱的事物 desert 背弃，遗弃

desert the army, desert the duty, desert his family 10 plunge: jump or rush suddenly & wildly投入，跳入 jump强调快速的跳

The boy is jumpimg up and down. leap跳跃

He leapt out of the sleeping bed. dive跳水H.

Notes on the text

1 The great ship, Titanic, sailed for New York from Southampton on April 10th, 1912. sail for 航海去往某处

set out ( off ) for 出发去往某处 leave for, head for, make for

2 Even by modern standards, the 46,000 ton Titanic was a colossal ship. even by...

by : according to依据

by mordern standards , by regulation, by rules, by our estimate,by our looks, by one's appearance

according to 依据课文、事实等客观存在的现实 according to the fact according to the text in my opinion在我看来

in accordance with 比according to更正式 in accordance with law in accordance with rules

3 be regarded as: be considerde to be ,be thought of as 口语中常说regard sb/sth as + ( n./pron./adj./doing/done) eg. I regarded his idea as totally unacceptable. We can't regard the matter as settled. 4 go down: sink

5 on her first voyage = on her maiden voyage 首航 6 with heavy loss of life损失很大，伤亡惨重

7 while the Titanic was sailing across the icy water of the North Atlantic, huge iceberg was suddenly spotted by a lookout.

...spotted....: suddenly discovered by a look out 8 icy water水域，海域 9 narrowly勉强地

10 Suddenly, there was a slight trembling sound from below, and the captain went down to see what had happened. from below从底部，从下面 from above 从上面

11 to one's horror使某人惊骇的是，使某人恐惧的是 to one's surprise 使某人惊讶的是

12 The order to abandon ship was given and hundreds of people plunged into the icy water.

order/ ability/ capitability

order sb to do sth ---> the order to ( abandon the ship) be able to do sth ---> the ability to do sth be capable of ---> the capability of doing sth Difficulties Word Building

v.+-er 以不发音的-e结尾的，只加-r.表示行为的主动者，做某事的人

work--worker teach--teacher murde--murder write---writer read---reader v.+ -ist表示某种主义者，信仰者；从事某种事业，研究的人

copy --- copist type --- typist novel --- novelist drug --- druggist tobacco ---tobacconist

adj.+ -ness抽象名词。表示一种性质、情况、状态

kind --- kindess bitter ---bitterness happy --- happiness willing ---willingness v.+ -ion 名词

suggest --- suggesstion possess --- possession collect --- collection 以-te 结尾的动词，把不发音的-e去掉再加-ion

translate --- translation complete --- completion graduate --- graduation 某些以-aim, -ain结尾的动词， 把-i 去掉再加-ation explain --- explanation exclaim --- exclamation

某些以 -ity结尾的, 放在形容词后构成抽象名词，表示性质、状态 以-able/-ible结尾的形容词变成名词，变成-ability/-ibility

able --- ability probable --- probability possible --- possibility mobile ---mobil

Lesson11 Not guilty

Vocabulary

1 guilty 犯罪的，违法的

He felt guilty when he did what he shouldn't have done. guilt n. guiltily adv.

反义词innocent adj. innocence n. 2 tolerant adj.宽容的

tolerantly adv. tolerance n. tolerate vt. toleratable adj. 3 hardened有经验的 =experienced

hardened侧重于老练的

a harden player a hardened thief experienced侧重于经验丰富的 an experienced teacher 4 professional 职业的，专业的 a professional player 5 officious爱管闲事的

officiously adv. officiousness n.

an officious civil servant爱管闲事的公务员 an officious police officer爱管闲事的警察 6 confidently

He went to do the work confidently. = with confident

confident adj. confidence n. have confidence有信心 gain confidence获得信心

in confidence = secretly秘密地，私下地 take sb in one's confidence以某人为心腹 7 dreadful可怕的，乱七八糟的 = frightful胆怯的，恐惧的 8 perfume香水

fragrance抽象名词，芬芳 9 duty税

Custom Duty关税

in more ways than one在许多方面来讲 dear双重意义：心疼；昂贵

Lesson 20 Pioneer pilots

Text

In 1908 Lord Northcliffe offered a prize of $1,000 to the first man who would fly across the English Channel. Over a year passed before the first attempt was made. On July 19th, 1909, in the early morning, Hubert Latham took off from the French coast in his plane the 'Antoinette IV.' He had travelled only seven miles across the Channel when his engine failed and he was forced to land on sea. The 'Antoinette' floated on the water until Latham was picked up by a ship.

Two days alter, Louis Bleriot arrived near Calais with a plane called 'No. XI'. Bleriot had been making planes since 1905 and this was his latest model. A week before, he had completed a successful overland flight during which he covered twenty-six miles. Latham, however, did not give up easily. He, too, arrived near Calais on the same day with a new 'Antoinette'. It looked as if there would be an exciting race across the Channel. Both planes were going to take off on July 25th, but Latham failed to get up early enough, After making a short test flight at 4,15 a.m., Bleriot set off half an hour later. His great flight lasted thirty-seven minutes. When he landed near Dover, the first person to greet him was a local policeman. Latham made another attempt a week later and got within half a mile of Dover, but he was unlucky again. His engine failed and he landed on the sea for the second time. Vocabulary pioneer n.先驱 young pioneer 同义词：advocate vt.开创，倡导

pioneer adult education

lord n.对（英国贵族）的尊称，勋爵 lordless 无君主的 lordship 君权 lordly 傲慢地 duke 公爵 marquis 侯爵 earl 伯爵 viscount 子爵 baron 男爵

overland a.陆上的＝by land overnight 一夜之间的

overpopulated 人口众多的 overseas海外的 over+动词,表示超过 overeat oversleep

overwork工作过量 overcharge索要价钱过高 overestimate

Notes on the text

In 1908 Lord Northcliffe offered a prize of $1,000 to the first man who would fly across the English Channel.

who引导定语从句修饰the first man

还可以说the first man to fly across the English Channel. 序数词和动词不定式搭配连用，可以代替其后的定语从句 She was he only one to survive in the plane crash. Over a year passed before the first attempt was made. before引导的时间状语从句前没有出现段时间，则最佳译法为：才...... attempt 尝试 in one's attempt

She failed in her attempt to swim the Channel. make an attempt on

He made an attempt on the mountain. make attempt to do

He made attempt to run away. make no attempt to do fail原意为“失败，忽视” She failed to win the prize.

When I saw him, my words failed me.当我见到他时，说不出来话了。 be forced to do pick up

with a plane 驾驶着一架飞机 with 具有，带有

had been making planes

A week before, he had completed a successful overland flight during which he covered twenty-six miles.

during which---during flight

It looked as if : It seemed that似乎，看起来 make a short test flight make another attempt 本课重点

介词和关系代词连用

当定语从句的关系代词是介词的宾语时，能把可移位的介词提前放在关系代词的前面——正式 在非正式问题和口语当中，介词一般要放在从句的末尾。 This is the person about whom I was telling you. Is this the book for which you asked me? 决定介词位置的4个因素

1 如果是口语，介词位于句尾，同时关系代词可以省略 2 非正式问题，介词位于从句句尾

3 有些动词加介词构成介词词组，被看作是不可分隔的语言单位，这时介词必须紧跟动词不可移位，如：take after account for hold on

4 在很多情况下，介词和关系代词构成独立的介词短语，在句中起状语的作用，与从句的谓语动词毫无关系，而不是谓语动词的一部分，这时介词始终位于谓语动词之前

He described it as a very agreeable situation located within two small hills. In the midst of two small hills, flowed a great river.

--->He described it as a very agreeable situation located within two small hills in the midist of which flowed a great river.

参考译文

1908年，诺斯克利夫勋爵拿出1,000英镑，作为对第一个飞越英吉利海峡的人的奖励。然而一年多过去了才有人出来尝试。1909年7月19日凌晨，休伯特.莱瑟姆驾驶“安特瓦特4号”飞机从法国海岸起飞，但他只在海峡上空飞行7英里，引擎就发生了故障，他只好降落在海面上。“安特瓦特”号飞机在海上漂浮，后来有船经过，莱瑟姆方才获救。

两天之后，路易斯.布莱里奥驾驶一名为“11号”的飞机来到加来附近。布莱里奥从1905年起便开始研制飞机，“11号”飞机是他制作的最新型号。一周以前，他曾成功地进行了一次26英里的陆上飞行。但是莱瑟姆不肯轻易罢休。同一天，他驾驶一架新的“安特瓦特”号飞机来到了加来附近。看来会有一场激烈的飞越英吉利海峡的竞争。两天飞机都打算在7月25日起飞，但莱瑟姆那天起床晚了。布莱里奥凌晨4点15分作了一次短距离试飞，半小时后便正式出发了。他这次伟大的飞行持续37分钟。当他在多佛着陆后，第一个迎接他的是当地一名警察。莱瑟姆一周以后也作了一次尝试，飞到离多佛不到半英里的地方。这次他又遭厄运，因引擎故障第二次降落在海面上。

lesson 21 Danniel Mendoza

Text

Boxing matches were very popular in England two hundred years ago. In those days, boxers fought with bare fists for prize money. Because of this, they were known as 'prizefighters'. However, boxing was very crude, for these were no rules and a prizefighter could be seriously injured or even killed during a match.

One of the most colourful figures in boxing history was Daniel Mendoza, who was born in 1764. The use of gloves was not introduced until 1860, when the Marquis of Queensberry drew up the first set of rules. Though he was technically a prizefighter, Mendoza did much to change crude prizefighting into a sport, for he brought science to the game. In this day, Mendoza enjoyed tremendous popularity. He was adored by rich and poor alike.

Mendoza rose to fame swiftly after a boxing match when he was only fourteen years old. This attracted the attention of Richard Humphries who was then the most eminent boxer in England. He offered to train Mendoza and his young pupil was quick to learn. In fact, Mendoza soon became so successful that Humphries turned against him. The two men quarrelled bitterly and it was clear that the argument could only be settled by a fight. A match was held at Stilton, where both men fought for an hour. The public bet a great deal of money on Mendoza, but he was defeated. Mendoza met Humphries in the ring on a later occasion and he lost for a second time. It was not until his third match in 1790 that he finally beat Humphries and became Champion of England. Meanwhile, he founded a highly successful Academy and even Lord Byron became one of his pupils. He earned enormous sums of money and was paid as much as $100 for a single appear one of his pupils. He earned enormous sums of money and was paid as much as $100 for a single appearance. Despite this, he was so extravagant that he was always in debt. After he was defeated by a boxer called Gentleman Jackson, he was quickly forgotten. He was sent to prison for failing to pay his debts and died in poverty in 1836. Vocabulary

bare a.赤裸的=uncovered

bare fist;bare foot; bare handed; bare legged naked 全裸

he’s walking in bare feet . he is naked .

nude : a.表示光秃秃的; n.裸体 crude a.粗野的 be crude to sb he is crude to the girl. Rude :语气弱于crude

Popularity n.名望(受人欢迎的状态) Instant foods are getting in popularity. Popular songs are in popularity.

Popular = in popularity Popular with

Fame Reputation ---荣誉

The actor rose to fame very quickly.

If the secret was reviewed ,the man’s reputation will be destroyed. Adore v.worship,love deeply崇拜,爱戴

More and more people adore the famous actress. Alike adv .一样地=as well,equally He was adored by rich ,and poor alike. Eminent a.著名的,杰出的=distinguished Eminent scientist Bitterly a.厉害的 It is blowing bitterly. Bitter a.苦的,辛酸的,刺骨的

Bitter pills may have some holder effects. Bet v.打赌 Bet on sth

The public bet on sb. Bet sb that 和某人打赌

Bet one’s bottom dollar on sb 对某人孤注一掷 Bet on the wrong horse 对未来作出错误估计 I bet. You bet.

Extravagant a.浪费的,奢侈的 Extravagant habit

Thrifty frugal economical a.节俭的

Poverty n.the state of being very poor In poverty

Indulgence n.贫困(正式) Destitution n.赤贫 Penury n.拮据 Notes on the text in those days当时

Stamp Duty印花税 duty free免税的 同义词 tax

income tax所得税 10 baggage行李 = luggage Text

Customs Officers are quite tolerant these days, but they can still stop you when you are going through the Green Channel and have nothing to declare. Even really honest people are often made to feel guilty. The hardened professional smuggler, on the other hand, is never troubled by such feelings, even if he has five hundred gold watches hidden in his suitcase. When I returned form abroad recently, a particularly officious young Customs Officer clearly regarded me as a smuggler.

'Have you anything to declare?' he asked, looking me in the eye. 'No', I answered confidently.

'Would you mind unlocking this suitcase please?' 'Not at all,' I answered.

The Officer went through the case with great care. All the thing I had packed so carefully were soon in a dreadful mess. I felt sure I would never be able to close the case again. Suddenly, I saw the Officer's face light up. He had spotted a tiny bottle at the bottom of my case and he pounced on it with delight.

'Perfume, eh?' he asked sarcastically. 'You should have declared that. Perfume is not exempt from import duty.'

'But it isn't perfume,' I said. 'It's hair gel.' Then I added with a smile, 'It's a strange mixture I make myself.'

As I expected, he did not believe me. 'Try it!' I said encouragingly.

The officer unscrewed the cap and put the bottle to his nostrils. He was greeted by an unpleasant smell which convinced him that I was telling the truth. A few minutes later, I was able to hurry away with precious chalk marks on my baggage. Notes on the text

1 Customs Officers are quite tolerant these days 表示程度的副词

完全地completely, entirely, fully, thoroughly thoroughly有“仔仔细细地，彻彻底底地”意 绝对地absolutely 真地，确实really

Even really honest people ... 尤其地，特别的particularly

a particularly officious young Costoms Officer .... 极端地，极其，非常extremely, excessively fairly “一般般”

very“非常”语气强烈 rather 语意接近 faily

注意rather, faily修饰形容词，副词，特别是修饰形容词同时修饰名词时，不定式冠词的位置不同 a faily good book a rather good book = rather a good book rather too = quite

quite right quite wrong quite mistaken quite sure 2 the Green Channel = the Customs Office 3 looking me in the eye

look sb in the eye = look sb in the face = stare sb in the eye = look directly at sb 4 The Officer went through the case with great care. = The officer examined the case carefully. 5 in a mess 乱作一团 in 和名词搭配表示状态 in good order in good health in a good mood in good temper

6 light up: suddenly looks pleased and happy容光焕发 ，喜气洋洋 His face lighted up at the small triumph. light的过去式，过去分词：lit , lighted a lighted cigar

a lighted stick一根点燃的火炬

7 with + 抽象名词 表示内心充满了一种感情 with confidence with care with pride with dilight with surprise

8 pounce on 向。。。猛扑过来|| 对。。。大做文章 The policeman pounced on the thief. Don't pounce on my mistake. 9 You should have declared that.

should have + P.P.本应该作某事而没做，具有谴责性意思 本不该作某事shoudn't have done 10 exempt免除的，

be exempted from被免除的

11 As I expected, he did not believe me.

as 作关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句的整个句子的含义 关系代词as和which的区别

as引导的非限制性定语从句，可以用在主句前 which引导的非限制性定语从句，只能用在主句后

12 greet问候，向。。。致敬；觉察到；呈现在。。。眼前，在。。。耳边

He was greeted by an unpleasant smell which convinced him that I was telling the truth.

I woke up and was greeted by a bird's song. Inside the room a dreadful mess greeted us.

When he went into the kitchen, a smell greeted him.

Lesson 12 Life on a desert island

Text

Most of us have formed an unrealistic picture of life on a desert island. We sometimes imagine a desert island to be a sort of paradise where the sun always shines. Life there is simple and good. Ripe fruit falls from the trees and you never have to work. The other side of the picture is quite the opposite. Life on a desert island is wretched. You either starve to death or live like Robinson Crusoe, Waiting for a boat which never comes. Perhaps there is an element of truth in both these pictures, but few us have had the opportunity to find out.

Two men who recently spent five days on a coral island wished they had stayed there longer. They were taking a badly damaged boat from the Virgin Islands to Miami to have it repaired. During the journey, their boat began to sink. They quickly loaded a small rubber dinghy with food, matches, and cans of beer and rowed for a few miles across the Caribbean until they arrived at a tiny coral island. There were hardly any trees on the island and there was no water, but this did not prove to be a problem. The men collected rainwater in the rubber dinghy. As they had brought a spear gun with them, they had plenty to eat. They caught lobster and fish every day，and, as one of them put it 'ate like kings'. When a passing tanker rescued them five days later, both men were genuinely sorry that they had to leave. New words and expressions 生词和短语 1 desert island 荒岛 desert沙漠n. 背弃，遗弃v. dessert 甜点n. 2 paradise 天堂，乐土 heaven天堂，天国，死亡

3 wretched = miserable可怜的，艰苦的

lead a wretched / miserable / terrible / dog life 4 starve挨饿

be starved to death饿死 5 opportunity机会 golden opportunity

Opportunity knocks only once.千载难逢的机会 opportunity + of, to

chance 表示机会时可与opportunity互换，表示可能性则不可互换 6 genuinely由衷地

He is genuinely thankful to me.

genuine adj. genuiness n. 7 coral n. 珊瑚 8 dinghy n. 救生筏，小船 9 spear gun 捕鱼枪 10 lobster n. 龙虾 11 tanker n. 油轮

12 Robinson Crusoe

鲁滨孙.克鲁索（小说《鲁滨孙漂流记》主人公） Notes on the text

1 form an unrealistic picture of sth对。。。抱有不切实际的幻想 A large number of people have formed an unrealistic of the job. 2 imagine sth to be / imagine sth as 3 quite the opposite 恰恰相反

4 either ...or...句型中谓语动词跟与它临近的主语一致 Either you or I am going to the party. an element of truth = a bit of truth 5 wish 做谓语动词，其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气

如果表达对现在的遗憾或与现在相反的情况，从句中的谓语动词用过去时，be动词用were代替 如果表达对过去的遗憾或与过去相反的情况，从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时

如果表达与将来事实相反的情况或将来不可能实现的愿望，用情态动词的过去时would, could I wish you could drive a car.

I wish I hadn't spent so much money. I wish that I could go abroad tomorrow.

6 if only用法同wish, 但wish比更富有戏剧性和感情色彩 If only the weather would change. If only you hadn't said that.

If only you would come here tomorrow. 7 load with 往上...装载...

The workers are loading the trucks with goods. unload 卸载

8 hardly any几乎没有: very little, very few You hardly eat anything , what's wrong? 9 as one of them put it put: express

10 fend for oneself独立地照顾某人 11 unduly过分地，过度地

unduly optimistic or unduly pessimistic[/size]

Lesson13 \only me.\ Text

After her husband had gone to work. Mrs. Richards sent her children to school and went upstairs to her bedroom. She was too excited to do any housework that morning, for in the evening she would be going to a fancy-dress party with her husband. She intended to dress up as a ghost and as she had made her costume the night before, she was impatient to try it on. Though the costume consisted only of a sheet, it was very effective. After putting it on, Mrs. Richards went downstairs. She wanted to find out whether it would be comfortable to wear.

Just as Mrs. Richards was entering the dining room, there was a knock on the front door. She knew that it must be the baker. She had told him to come straight in if ever she failed to open the door and to leave the bread on the kitchen table. Not wanting to frighten the poor man, Mrs. Richards quickly hid in the small storeroom under the stairs. She heard the front door open and heavy footsteps in the hall. Suddenly the door of the storeroom was opened and a man entered. Mrs. Richards realized that it must be the man from the Electricity Board who had come to read the metre. She tried to explain the situation, saying 'It's only me', but it was too late. The man let out cry and jumped back several paces. When Mrs. Richards walked towards him, he fled, slamming the door behind him. Vocabulary 1 costume化装服 2 consist由。。。组成 consist of（表示被动的概念） =be made up of

= comprise整体由部分所构成

be composed of强调由。。。部分所组成 constitué(e) 由部分构成整体 3 effective有明显效果的，有作用的 influential有潜移默化影响力的 efficacious（医药）有效的 fruitful有成效的（试验等）

4 flee ( fled, fled ) vt.&vi.（总称）泛泛强调逃离危险境地 escape vt. 逃出监狱，逃出牢笼 || vi.逃掉，逃出 5 slam = bang 6 metre 电表 Notes on the text 1 too ...to

not / never too ...to 并不太。。。，所以能。。。 One is never too old to learn.

The question is not too difficult for me to answer. 副词前有all, only, but.修饰，表示肯定语气 They are all too satisfied to work with you. I always too glad to have someone to speak to. He was but too eager to get home.

2 fancy-dress party = costume party化装舞会 3 be impatient to do sth急于做某事，迫不及待地

impatient可用eager,anxious, hungry, thirsty, desterate, can't wait(口语)替换 4 She wanted to find out whether it would be comfortable to wear. 动词不定式to wear 修饰 comfortable 做状语 The book is difficult to read.

5 It would be comfortable (for her) to wear.主动形式表达被动概念 （一）不定式或动名词

The music is sweet to hear. The machine needs repairing. The dictionary is worth buying. （二）under

The house is under construction. The puma is still under control. The problem is under discussion. The thief is under arrest. （三）“使用”，“浪费”，“不用” The airport came into use again. Our time has already gone to waste. （四）“能够被。。。的”--able She is a respectable person.

（五）consist of , comprise本身有被动概念，“由。。。结构形式组成” 6有人敲门

There was a knock on / at the door. There was someone at the door. There was someone knocking the door.

7 if ever -- ever用于条件句中 “任何时间”，“任何场合” = whenever

If ever/ Whenever he is in trouble, I'll be on the spot.

8 Not wanting to frighten the poor man, Mrs. Richards quickly hid in the small storeroom under the stairs.

Not wanting分词的否定结构形式做原因状语，多用在句首，也用于句中放在主谓间。

Not wanting to make her nervous, the doctor didn't fully explain the seriousness of her condition.

The doctor, not wanting to make her nervous, didn't fully explain the seriousness of her condition.

9 read the metre查电表 10 let out a cry = utter / give a cry

shout强调有目的的喊 shout to sb shout at sb

11 jump back several paces

12 When Mrs. Richards walked towards him, he fled, slamming the door behind him. slamming 现在分词做方式状语或伴随状语，说明逃离的情况 Special difficulties 形容词+动词不定式

He was delighted to learn that his offer had been accepted. 感情类的形容词放在动词不定式前，通常是表示原因，在句中做原因状语

如：happy, relieved, astonished, amazed, surprised,horrified, disappointed, sad, embarrassed, shocked

He was frightened to see the snake.

= He was frightened when he saw the snake. 不定式也可放在表语后，主语是不定式的实际宾语 The car is hard to park.

Some questions are awkward to answer.

在少数几个动词后，不定式可以表示结果 ( learn, find, see, hear, to told ) He lived to see his inventions come to success. He woke up to find everyone gone.

He went to his house only to find him out. 在不定式前加only表示意想不到的，出乎意料的结果

He hurried to the post office only to find it was shut ( closed ). Lesson 14 A noble gangster Text

There was a time when the owners of shops and businesses in Chicago that to pay large sums of money to gangsters in return for 'protection.' If the money was not paid promptly, the gangsters would quickly put a man out of business by destroying his shop. Obtaining 'protection money' is not a modern crime. As long ago as the fourteenth century, an Englishman, Sir John Hawkwood, made the remarkable discovery that people would rather pay large sums of money than have their life work destroyed by gangsters.

Six hundred years ago, Sir Johan Hawkwood arrived in Italy with a band of soldiers and settled near Florence. He soon made a name for himself and came to be known to the Italians as Giovanni Acuto. Whenever the Italian city-states were at war with each other, Hawkwood used to hire his soldiers to princes who were willing to pay the high price he demanded. In times of peace, when business was bad, Hawkwood and his men would march into a city-state and, after burning down a few farms, would offer to go away protection money was paid to them. Hawkwood made large sums of money in this way. In spite of this, the Italians regarded him as a sort of hero. When he died at

the age of eighty, the Florentines gave him a state funeral and had a pictured with as dedicated to the memory of 'the most valiant soldier and most notable leader, Signor Giovanni Haukodue.' Vocabulary

1 gangster歹徒，强盗 robber抢劫犯 bandit强盗，土匪

brigand（书）强盗，土匪，盗贼，草寇 hooligan流氓

hoodlum（口）罪犯，恶汉 rascal（口）淘气，捣蛋鬼 2 protection money保护费 protector保护者 protege被保护者

3 promptly = immediately punctually

4 destroy强调毁灭，消灭，完全地摧毁 damage可以被修复 break强调弄坏，弄断 spoil强调把事情搅了

5 remarkable: unusual, uncommon, extraordinary a remarkable event an extraordinary event

outstanding突出的，杰出的，卓越的

Our headmaster is an outstanding youth. distinguished杰出的，显赫的，不同非凡的 = eminent显赫的，杰出的，有名的，优良的 a distinguished physicist an eminent surgeon an eminent judge a distinguished lawyer 6 well-known强调众所周知 famous因卓越的贡献而流芳百世 notorious臭名昭著的 = infamous语气较弱

renowned某人或某事以独特的本质或个性而闻名 7 band

表示贬义色彩的团伙帮派的词还有 mob a mob of hooligans gang a gang of thieves nest a nest of bandits pack a pack of hoodlums 8 hire, rent, let, employ

hire out, rent out租给，租出 hire from, rent from租进来 let仅只出租房屋

employ长期雇佣体力劳动者或聘用脑力劳动者 hire短期雇佣体力劳动者

We employed her as our advisor. The factory employed 500 workers. He hired 2 helpers. 9 dedicate dedicate to

He dedicate his first book to his mother. 做献身，奉献解，比 devote 更正式而庄重 10 valiant英勇的

more valiant the most valiant brave fearless courageous 11 memory

in memory of / to the memory of in sb's honor/ in honor of sb

If my memory serves me well, you're Tom. Notes on the text

1 in return for目的是为了换取。。。作为对。。。的回报 He gave me some books in return for my help.

2 There was a time when the owners of shops and businesses in Chicago that to pay large sums of money to gangsters in return for 'protection.' when 引导时间状语从句修饰 time

3 put a man out of business使某人失业 put sb./sth. out of...

You are putting me out of patience.

put it out of your mind = forget all about it 4 as long ago as 追溯回到 = dating back to

I knew Jane as long as the year 1980.

5 make the remarkable discovery做出不同寻常的发现 6 本课难点

would rather ... than ... ( 连接动词原形 ) would prefer to do ... than do ... would prefer doing ... to doing...

would rather / would sooner + that引导的宾语从句（从句用过去时） 7 life work毕生的工作

8 Six hundred years ago, Sir Johan Hawkwood arrived in Italy with a band of soldiers（一帮士兵） and settled（定居在......） near Florence.

9 make a name for himself: become famous 10 come to / get to 渐渐地

I come to be known to my students. I got to know him. 11 at war at war with

12 in times of peace 13 march into 14 burn down烧毁 burn up烧光 burn out烧空

The house were burnt out left only empty walls. 15 would offer to go away : would promise to go away 16 in spite of this尽管如此

17 give sb. a state funeral给某人举行国葬

lesson15 Fifty pence worth of trouble

Text

Children always appreciate small gifts of money. Mum or dad, of course, provide a regular supply of pocket money, but uncles and ants are always a source of extra income. With some children, small sums go a long way. If fifty pence pieces are not exchanged for sweets, they rattle for months inside money boxes. Only very thrifty children manage to fill up a money box. For most of them, fifty pence is a small price to pay for a nice big bar of chocolate.

My nephew, George, has a money box but it is always empty. Very few of the fifty pence pieces and pound coins I have given him have found their way there. I gave him fifty pence yesterday and advised him to save it. Instead he bought himself fifty pence worth of trouble. On his way to the sweet shop, he dropped his fifty pence and it bounced along the pavement and then disappeared down a drain. George took off his jacket, rolled up his sleeves and pushed is right arm through the drain cover. He could not find his fifty pence piece anywhere, and what is more, he could no get his arm out. A crowd of people gathered round him and a lady rubbed his arm with soap and butter, but George was firmly stuck. The fire brigade was called and two fire fighter freed George using a special type of grease. George was not too upset by his experience because the lady who owns the sweet shop heard about his troubles and rewarded him with large box of chocolates. Vocabulary

1 Appreciate v.欣赏,感激

The poem is too difficult for me to appreciate. I appreciate your help.=be thankful/grateful to sb

2 Pocket money 零用钱 Beer money 留给丈夫的零花钱 Green money 美金

Soft/folding money 纸币,钞票 Hard money 硬币

3 Thrifty a.节俭的,不浪费的 同义词:economical ,frugal ; 4 bounce v.弹起,跳起 the coin was bounced.

同义词:jump (跳跃);leap (跃);hop (单足跳);spring(弹跳,n.弹簧);skip(跳跃,略过) 5 stick v.卡住,不能再动;坚持,粘贴 you must stick to your idea. Stick the stamp on the envelop. Stick with :忠实于=be faithful to His arm was stuck. 6 Brigade:消防队

Fire brigade=fire department;fire station 7 grease 润滑油 Notes on the text

1 small gift of money零花钱 这课采用了四种说法 small gift of money a source of extra income pocket money extra income

Children always appreciate small gifts of money.

Husbands always appreciate small gifts of beer money from their wives. 2 provide a regular supply of ... 定期地提供 ... provide sth. for sb. provide sb. with sth.

3 go a long way 表示可以买很多东西，维持很久的时间 The money we have will go a long way.

With frugal housewives, they made their small income go a long way. go a long way towards对。。。大有帮助

They will go a long way towards overcoming the difficulty. 4 with&for

for关于，对于。。。来说，考虑到。。。的事实 For him, this will be an entirely new hobby.

with在某一方面，在与某物有关的某一方面，多用于二者的对比

Some people may accept that excuse, but it won't work with me. 5 pence 便士 复数形式是pennies a fifty pence一个50便士的硬币 a fifty pennies50个1便士的硬币 6 rattle = tinkle叮当作响

roar呼啸（重点突出老虎狮子等大动物的叫声） This car roar by me. shout at = bark at 大喊大叫 Don't shout at him. grunt咕咕哝哝的，哼哼唧唧的 He is grunting. slam 砰的一声 7 fill up 填满 up

(1) up表示方向

to表示目的地，谈话者所在地 up to 表示到达目的地

towards朝向某个方向，不一定到达目的地 (2)沿着，走向更远的地方，强调距离更远 They walked up the street.

The children run up the garden path to greet their father. (3)系动词+up 表示消费，摧毁，彻底用完，用光 drink up eat up use up (4)积存，从少到多，积少成多

We must lay up some boiled food for the winter. (5)从河的上游到河的下游，河流入口处以上到源头的某一点 They are sailing up the Thames. (6)包起来，封住，盖住

button up wrap up lock up fasten up save up wash up do up 8 fty pence is a small price: fifty pence is not much money a small price算不得什么

For him, 2000 dollars is not a small price to pay for it. 9 find their way there:reach抵达，到达，找到自己的去处 Rivers find their way to the sea.

How did such a foolish statement find its way into print.

I have just bought a new book shelf, and all my books have already found their way there.

10 roll vi.滚动

The pencil rolled under the table. roll vt.滚动

He rolled the ball towards the puppy. roll up 卷起，挽起 roll up your sleeves roll up the carpet

11 what 引导的插入语 起加强语气的作用 what is more important what is worse what is more what is rare 12 gather round

13 rubbed his arm with sth. 14 firmly坚定地，稳固地 加强语气

15 The fire brigade was called and two fire fighter freed George using a special type of grease.

using 现在分词作状语，强调一种方式 16 reward ... with用 ......来奖励某人

Lesson16 Mary had a little lamb

Text

Mary and her husband Dimitri lived in the tiny village of Perachora in southern Greece. One of Mary's prize possessions was a little white lamb which her husband had given her. She kept it tied to a tree in a field during the day and went to fetch it every evening. One evening, however, the lamb was missing. The rope had been cut, so it was obvious that the lamb had been stolen.

When Dimitri came in from the fields, his wife told him what had happened. Dimitri at once set out to find the thief. He knew it would not prove difficult in such a small village. After telling several of his friends about the theft, Dimitri found out that his neighbour, Aleko, had suddenly acquired a new lamb. Dimitri immediately went to Aleko's house and angrily accused him of stealing the lamb. He told him he had better return it or he would call the police. Aleko denied taking it and led Dimitri into his backyard. It was true that he had just bought a lamb, he explained, but his lamb was black. Ashamed of having acted so rashly, Dimitri apologized to Aleko for having accused him. While they were talking it began to rain and Dimitri stayed in Aleko's house until the rain stopped. When he went outside half an hour later, he was astonished to find the little black lamb was almost white. Its wool, which had been dyed black, had been washed clean by the rain!

Vocabulary

Prize a.珍贵的,宝贵的

Valuable; Precious ;Cherishable ;Dear Mary has got a prize lamb. The cat is prize to the old lady.

valued宝贵的 worthwhile值得的 worthy 配得上的

Tie v.拴,系 Tie sth to

I tied the dog to the tree. 与??有联系

he is tired to his family. n.领带，关系（强调血缘关系） theft n.偷盗行为，偷盗案

he reports the theft to the police. Accuse sb of doing sth

Accuse 比charge 语义弱，accuse 强调“严厉的指责”，charge 强调“控告” Deny v.否认 Deny doing sth

He denied stealing the lamb. He denied the truth. Deny sb nothing 百依百顺 He denies his wife nothing. Deny oneself 克制自己

On some occasions we must deny ourselves. Ashamed a.感到羞耻的，惭愧 be ashamed of对。。。感到羞耻 He is ashamed of being a dustman. Shameful a.可耻的 The theft is shameful. Shameless 无耻的

The thief is a shameless person. Apologize v.道歉

Apologize to sb( for sth) n.apology dye v.染

dye the cloth black.

Notes on the text

1 in the tiny village of ...在一个名叫。。。的小山村 in the big city of Beijing in the beautiful city of Paris 2 possession所有物

What I possess is valuable.

= My possession are valuable. belonging(s)随身携带物 3 keep

keep后的复合宾语（宾语补足语）可以是形容词，介词，和分词。

She kept it tied to a tree in a field during the day and went to fetch it every evening. 和过去分词搭配做宾补，过去分词和宾语在逻辑上是动宾关系 如果宾补和宾语是主谓关系，那么要用现在分词 I kept the boy standing outside. 4 It is obvious that ... 5 set out to do sth. 6 prove是系动词

He knew it would not prove difficult in such a small village. 7 tell sb about sth = report sth. to sb. 8 or .../ or else...

He can't be ill or he couldn't have come.

Your room is so dirty, clear it promptly, or else ... 9 It is true that ...

It is true that the work is hard, but we will finish it ahead.

10 Ashamed of having acted so rashly, Dimitri apologized to Aleko for having accused him.

现在分词结构（形容词结构）作状语，在这里相当于原因状语，放在主句前后均可 Angry at everybody here, he left suddenly. Anxious for a quick decision, he called his friends. Nervous, the man opened the letter.

Special difficulties 1 keep的复合结构

2 had better do sth. had better not do sth.

Lesson 17 The longest suspension

Text

Verrazano, an Italian about whom little is known, sailed into New York Harbour in 1524 and named it Angouleme. He described it as 'a very agreeable situation located within two small hills in the midst of which flowed a great river.' Though Verrazano is by no means considered to be a great explorer, his name will probably remain immortal, for on November 21st, 1964, the longest suspension bridge in the world was named after him.

The Verrazano Bridge, which was designed by Othmar Ammann, joins Brooklyn to Staten Island. It has a span of 4,260 feet. The bridge is so long that the shape of the earth had to be taken into account by its designer. Two great towers support four huge c

ables. The towers are built on immense underwater platforms make of steel and concrete. The platforms extend to a depth of over 100 feet under the sea. These alone took sixteen months to build. Above the surface of the water, the towers rise to a height of nearly 700 feet. They support the cables from which the bridge has been suspended. Each of the four cables contains 26,108 lengths of wire. It has been estimated that if the bridge were packed with cars, it would still only be carrying a third of its total capacity. However, size and strength are not the only important things about this bridge. Despite its immensity, it is both simple and elegant, fulfilling its designer's dream to create 'an enormous object drawn as faintly as possible'. Vocabulary

Suspension n.悬，吊 Suspension bridge Suspend vt.悬挂；

The light is suspended from the ceiling.

the train was suspended because of the heavy rain. Suspense n.担心，挂念，悬念

The wonderful film give me a deep impression because of its suspense. He didn’t tell us the truth and kept me in suspense all day. Suspenders n. 吊袜带 Suspended推迟的，延期的 Agreeable a.宜人的 Today is agreeable. Agreeable situation

His house is in the agreeable situation. Situation n.地点，地方=location Situate =locate

Be situated =be located

Beijing is located in the north of china. Is located to

Japan is located to the east of china. Estimate Underestimate Overestimate

Don't underestimate nor overestimate.

At a rough estimate ,the car is worth 500thousand RMB. Estimation n.判断

In my estimation 在我看来 Capacity n.承受量, 做某事的能力

Are you clear about the capacity of the cinema? Have a capacity for doing something

Have a capacity to do Ability

Have ability to do sth拥有做某事的能力而且完全做到了 We have ability to finish the work in two days. Capability内在的潜能

Have capability of doing/to do

Every child has capability of learning a foreign language well . Faculty 侧重于主观的能力 the faculty of singing

Competence 胜任工作的能力、资格 I have competence for the job.

Elegant a.优雅的，还表示人的举止很得体、大方 The suspension bridge is elegant. The lady is elegant. Graceful 强调一个人的体型 Delicate a.精致的

Notes on the text

Verrazano, an Italian about whom little is known, sailed into New York Harbour in 1524 and named it Angouleme. sailed into ...---句子的主干 about whom --- Italian

He described it as 'a very agreeable situation located within two small hills in the midst of which flowed a great river.' describe sth. as ...

同类的动词还有see, view, look upon, recognize, regard, treat, accept. I should describe the attempt as a failure. His mother regards him as a genius. I accept his words as true.

located过去分词做定语修饰限制 situation

I like the village located within two small hills. in the midst of which---which指代two small hills in the midst of / in the middle of

The car is going in the middle of the street. in the middle of night

though , although, even though 用了though, although不能用but 强调转折关系可以用yet

by no means: not by any means, not at all It is by no means pleasant to take a crowded bus.

He isn't satisfied with a job by any means. He isn't satisfied with a job at all. 表达一点也不的还有

in no way in no case in no sense in no circumstances under no circumstances at no time on no account be named after sb. = be named for sb. = take one's name from a span of 跨度，桥长 take into account

= take into consideration = take account of

We have to take the date into account when we have the meeting. support: hold up

extend: reach, stretch, continue a railway extend to the next city rise to ( the hight of ...)上升到

They support the cables from which the bridge has been suspended. which指代the cables 本课重点

It has been estimated that ... It is said ... It is reported ...

It has been expected ...

if the bridge were packed with cars, it would still only be carrying a third of its total capacity.

packed with ...: filled with ...

Despite its immensity, it is both simple and elegant, fulfilling its designer's dream to create 'an enormous object drawn as faintly as possible'. immensity --- size fulfilling分词做状语表示结果

The bus was held up by the snow storm, causing the delay. Her husband died in 1970, leaving her and her two children.

At last, he passed his examination, fulfilling his dream to go aboard.

Special Difficulties

He is by no means considered to be a great explorer.

Instead of saying: I find that he is quite unsuitable for the job. We can say: I find him to be quite unsuitable for the job.

同类的动词有believe, consider, find, declare, feel, know, suppose, think, presume, estimate, understand.

I consider that he is the best candidate. ---> I consider him to be the best candidate. Exercise

1 Verrazano is an Italian.We know little about him. 2 They don't consider that Varrazano is a great explore. 3 They take his name from the greatest bridge in the world. 4 He had to take the shape of the earth into consideration. 5 They have estimated the bridge to be packed with cars ... 1 I believed him to own property abroad. 2 The Minister declared the treaty to be invalid. 3 I know him to be a person of high intefrity. 4 I guess him to be about twenty-seven years old.

5 We estimated this picture to be worth at least 500 pounds. link with把。。。与。。。连起来 = join into

attach to把。。。牢牢系上

relate to (with)在。。。之间建立联系 take 承纳，装载 sustain支撑，承受 endure经受，承受痛苦 receive收到

Lesson 18 Electric Currents in modern art

Text

Modern sculpture rarely surprises us any more. The idea that modern art can only be seen in museums is mistaken. Even people who take no interest in art cannot have failed to notice examples of modern sculpture on display in public places. Strange forms stand in gardens, and outside buildings and shops. We have got quite used to them. Some so-called 'modern' pieces have been on display for nearly eighty years.

In spite of this, some people -- including myself -- were surprise by a recent exhibition of modern sculpture. The first thing I saw when I entered the art gallery was a notice

which said: 'Do not touch the exhibits. Some of them are dangerous!' The objects on display were pieces of moving sculpture. Oddly shaped forms that are suspended form the ceiling and move in response to a gust of wind are quite familiar to everybody. These objects, however, were different. Lined up against the wall, there were long thin wires attached to metal spheres. The spheres had been magnetized and attracted or repelled each other all the time. In the centre of the hall, there were a number of tall structures which contained coloured lights. These lights flickered continuously like traffic lights which have gone mad. Sparks were emitted from small black boxes and red lamps flashed on and off angrily. It was rather like an exhibition of prehistoric electronic equipment. These peculiar forms not only seemed designed to shock people emotionally, but to give them electric shocks as well! Vocabulary

Current n.the flow of electricity 电流continuous movement of water 水流 a. 目前的，现在的 current affairs时事 currency n.流通（货币）

currently adv.普遍地，通常地，现在，当前 sculptural a.雕刻的，雕刻般的 sculptor n.雕塑家

mistaken a.incorrect ,wrong,misunderstood

The teacher has mistaken opinion of his pupil.He doesn’t use simple plain language and hs is often mistaken.

Make a mistake /by mistake 弄错了 He took my umbrella by mistake. And no mistake 确实如此、 He is honest and no mistake. Vt.mistake sb for 把某人误认为

Yesterday, I mistook him for my classmate. Exhibit n.展品，陈列品show in public Exhibition 展览会

We went to an exhibition to visit exhibit. Oddly a.古怪地

Odd a.古怪的,引少见而感到奇怪 Strange 因陌生而奇怪

Queer a.奇特的（因不同而奇怪） Look, he is wearing a queer hat. Fantastic a.奇妙的 Eccentric 怪癖的

He is an eccentric person.

Attach v.系，拴，粘上，贴上 He attach the lamb to a tree.

Attach to sb for sth 因为某事而把??加在某人身上 We didn’t attach blame to him for his failure. Attach importance to sth 对某事非常重视 We attach importance to education. Be attached to sth 喜欢，喜爱 I am very attached to her .

Attachment n. 固定，爱慕，友情，附着 Magnetize vt. 使有磁性，吸引 The iron was magnetized .

His speech magnetized the listeners. Repel vt.to drive back 排斥

Cause feelings of dislike使反感，厌恶

The different sexes attract each other and the same sexes repel on the contrary. Let me go at once ,you repel me.你让我恶心 Emit v.give off 放射

Emit sound/emit smell/emit light Flicker v.闪烁

Flash v.闪光shine for a moment 只闪一次 Peculiar a.奇异的strange and unusual The food has peculiar taste. I am feeling rather peculiar. Shock v.令人震惊，刺激人 Get shocked 受震动

At the news ,he got shocked n.震惊

get a big shock emotionally adv.感情上

emotional a.易激动的，情绪的，感情脆弱的

I think you agree with me, women are often said to be more emotional than men. 反义词：unemotional

emotion n.感情，如love,hatred,and grief are emotions. Feeling n.某时的内心感受

I cant describe my feeling now. Emotive a.引起情绪反应的

The word home is more emotive than house.

Notes on the text

Modern sculpture rarely surprises us any more. rarely: seldom, scarcely

We are not surprised at modern sculpture ....

The idea that modern art can only be seen in museums is mistaken. that引导同位语从句，修饰限定the idea 的内容

The idea that one can only learn English well in English-speaking countries is mistaken. Even people who take no interest in art cannot have failed to notice examples of modern sculpture on display in public places. who take no interest in art 修饰说明people take interest in take delight in take pride in show interest in

cannot ; failed to 双重否定意味着肯定，加强语气 He must have passed his examination last week.

-->He cannot have failed to pass his examination last week. You must keep your promise.

---> You cannot fail to keep your promise. on display / on show

Even people who take no interest in art cannot have failed to notice examples of modern sculpture on display in public places.... ---> We can see sculptures everywhere.

Some so-called 'modern' pieces have been on display for nearly eighty years. 夸张的手法

in spite of this 尽管如此

some people --- including myself ---作者表明了自己的观点 重点句型

The first thing...was a notice which said ... 定语从句省略that

Oddly shaped forms that are suspended form the ceiling and move in response to a gust of wind are quite familiar to everybody. that 引导的定语从句用来限定shaped forms are familiar to...做谓语

主句是Oddly shaped forms are familiar to everybody.

that 引导的定语从句中in response to = in reaction to be familiar to sb. 对某人来讲很熟悉 The house is familiar to him.

I don't really remember where I have seen him before, but he looks very familiar to me.

familiar with熟知 + sth.

Are you familiar with the play of Shakespeare? I am familiar with that book too.

Lined up against the wall, there were long thin wires attached to metal spheres. lined up 过去分词做状语,与 long thin wires为被动关系

定语从句there were long thin wires that were attached to metal spheres coloured lights彩灯 continuously不停止地

The light flickered continuously. on and off 不停地

It has been raining on and off since noon. go mad / run mad

He must have gone mad to do such a thing. It was rather like ... = It was more like ... not only ... but. ... as well. seem是系动词 + 名词 / 形容词/ 分词 Lesson19 A very dear cat Text

Kidnappers are rarely interested in animals, but they recently took considerable interest in Mrs. Eleanor Ramsay's cat. Mrs. Eleanor Ramsay, a very wealthy old lady, has shared a flat with her cat, Rastus, for a great many years. Rastus leads an orderly life. He usually takes a short walk in the evenings and is always home by seven o'clock. One evening, however, he failed to arrive. Mrs. Ramsay got very worried. She looked everywhere for him but could not find him.

Three days after Rastus' disappearance, Mrs. Ramsay received an anonymous letter. The writer stated that Rastus was in safe hands and would be returned immediately if Mrs. Ramsay paid a ransom of $1,000. Mrs. Ramsay was instructed to place the money in a cardboard box and to leave it outside her door. At first she decided to go to the police, but fearing that she would never see Rastus again -- the letter had made that q

uite clear -- she changed her mind. She withdrew $1000 from her bank and followed the kidnapper's instructions. The next morning, the box had disappeared but Mrs. Ramsay was sure that the kidnapper would keep his word. Sure enough, Rastus arrived punctually at seven o'clock that evening. He looked very well though he was rather thirsty, for he drank half a bottle of milk. The police were astounded when Mrs. Ramsay told them what she had done. She explained that Rastus was very dear to her. Considering the amount she paid, he was dear in more ways than one!

Vocabulary dear adj.

I can't afford the car because it's too dear. The cat is too dear to me. The lamb is dear to Mary.

cost somebody dear花了某人很多钱 kidnapper kidnap

They kidnapped 4 hostages. Considerable a.相当大的

He has got a considerable success. considerably: much,great, a great deal considerate体贴的

Are you considerate to your wife? considered考虑到的

all things considered就各方面而言 Considering考虑到... prep.

Considering his age ,the little boy reads very well. Considering (that ) 也可作副词

He studies English well,considering(all things is considered).就各方面而言，他英语学得相当好。

Ransom n.赎金

Pay ransom to somebody

The old lady paid a ransom of one thousand pounds to the kidnapper. Hold sb to ransom

They kidnapped the boy and held him to ransom. Punctually adv.准时地(不早也不晚) Punctual a. Punctuality n.

Astound v.使吃惊，语意程度比surpise要强得多 Astonish 强于surprise Amaze astound

he was astounded to hear of her death.

They were amazed to find the lazy girl came very early. Surprising surprised

Notes on the text take interest in take great interest in share sth. with sb.

I share the room with my friends. ordinary life: discipline life有规律的生活 区别于regular有规则的 after和名词搭配

three days after ~ arrived state: say formally in safe hands

instruct: order ; tell formally be instruct to do sth. make it clear to sb. that

The teacher has made it clear to us that we must read English aloud every day. keep his word: keep his promise word表示诺言，用单数 keep his word break his word give sb. one's word as good as one's word go back on one's word

sure enough果然，侧重强调确实如此

I said it would happen, and sure enough it did happen.

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