水手英语会话答案

水手英语会话答案

Chapter 1

Lesson 1 Daily English 口述

1、Please say something about yourself(介绍下自己的情况)

1）Your name ,age, rank, working experiences, hobbies (姓名，年龄，职务，工作经验，兴趣爱好)

2）Your daily work （你的日常工作）

3）Your spare time activities （你的业余时间活动）

1)My name is xxx, I am 21 years old, I am from Shandong( province).I am a student( now),I like reading books, playing football (我的名字是xxx，我现在21岁，我来自山东省，现在我是一名学生，喜欢读书，踢足球)

2）Every day, I get up at 6 o’clock, read English （loudly for ten minutes ）and have breakfast. then begin my study of a day (每天我6点钟起床并大声读英语10分钟，然后吃早餐。随后就开始了一天的学习) 3）In my spare time, I like reading, watching TV ,playing football and so on(在课余时间，我喜欢读书，看电视，踢足球等等)

2、Please say something about your family (说一下关于你家庭的情况) a、Members of your family （你的家庭成员） b、Their occupations （他们的职业）

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c、Their hobbies and characteristics （他们的爱好和特点） 1)I have a very happy family. There are three members in my family, my parents/my mother, my father and I. We live in a small city （我有一个非常幸福的家庭，我们家有三个成员，我的父母/我的母亲，我的父亲和我,我们生活在一个小城市里）

2）My father is a worker（ in a factory）, my mother is a teacher （in a middle school ）（我父亲是一家工厂的工人，我母亲是一所中学的老师） 3）My father likes watching TV, my mother likes shopping. My father is very strict ,but my mother is very kind（ and friendly） （我父亲喜欢看电视，我母亲喜欢购物。我父亲是非常严格的，但是我母亲非常善良和友好）

3、Please say something about your hometown (说一下你家乡的情况) a、The geographical position ,population, and features of your hometown(地理位置，人口，家乡特点)

b、The environment and customs of your hometown（你家乡的环境和风俗）

c、The specialties of your hometown （家乡的特产）

1）My hometown is a small beautiful city. It is in the Shandong （province）. There are about 1million people in the city （我的家乡是一个美丽的小城市，在山东省，大概有一百万人）

2）There are（many new buildings）, a lot of trees and flowers on both

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sides of the streets, the streets and roads very flat ,wide and straight. Most people here are good at making and flying kites （有许多新的建筑，道路两边有大量的树木和花卉，有非常平坦的街道和道路，宽且直；这里大多数人在制作和放飞风筝） 3）The specialty of my hometown is kites

4、Please say something about your responsibilities on board （说一下你在船上的职责）

a、Your position on board （你在船上的位置） b、Your daily work on board （你在船上的日常工作） c、Your duties on board （你在船上的职责）

1）I am an A.B. on board. I work on the deck department.（我是船上的一名水手，在甲板部工作）

2）Every morning , I go to bridge and take over the watch, and I am on the bridge to steer wheel and keep deck clean every day.

3) My duty on board is to steer wheel. When in a port, the bosun assigns work to us. We will do the maintenance work, such as: rust removing, painting, cleaning the deck, and so on. 问答

1、what is your date of birth? May the first 1983 你的出生日期是什么？1983年五月一日 2、What’s your Seaman book number? A/L223344 你的海员证编码是什么？A/L+6位数字

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3、where are you from? Shandong China 你来自哪里？我来自中国山东

4、what’s your captain’s nationality? China 你们船长的国籍是什么？ 中国

5、what do you think is the most important thing on board? Safety 你认为在船上最重要的是什么？ 安全 6、which ports do you often call? Qingdao port 你经常挂靠（停靠）的港口是哪个？ 青岛港

7、what is your martial status? I have been married for 3 years/ I am single /I’m not married

你的婚姻状况是什么？ 我已经结婚3年了/我单身/我还没有结婚 8、How long will it take to get Entry Visa to Australia? In three weeks 获得澳大利亚的签证要花所长时间？ 三周之内 9、How do you wish to fly? Economy or first class? Economy/first class, please

你想如何选择舱位，经济舱或头等舱？ 经济舱/一等舱 10、Do I have more than the duty-free allowance? Yes，you have.

我能得到多一些的免税补贴吗？ 当然

Lesson 2 Vocabulary commonly used on board 口述

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1、 Say something about ship’s manning （说一下船上配员情况） a、 The personnel for the Deck Department （甲板部人员） b、 The personnel for the Engine Department （轮机部人员） c、 The personnel for the Service Department （事务部人员）

a）The personnel for the Deck Department include: chief officer, second officer, third officer, assistant officer, bosun, carpenter, able seaman(AB)，ordinary seaman(OS) and deck cadet （甲板部人员包括：大副，二副，三副，驾驶员助理，水手长，木匠，一水，二水和甲板实习生）

b）The personnel for the Engine Department include：Chief engineer, second engineer, third engineer, fourth engineer, assistant engineer, electrician ,motorman, greasers and engine cadet

(轮机部人员包括：轮机长，大管轮，二管轮，三管轮，轮机员助理，电工，机工，加油工和轮机实习生)

c) The personnel for the Service Department include：Purser, steward and cooks

事务部人员包括：事务长，服务员和厨师

2、Say something about maritime agencies and the staff related to the ship

(说一下关于海事机构和与船舶有关的人员的情况)

a、 list some maritime agencies

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b、 list some staff of maritime agencies

a) maritime agencies include: IMO ,MSA, VTS, Ship Classification Society and so on

海事机构包括，国际海事组织，海事局，船舶交通管理系统，船级社等等

b) staff of maritime agencies include: Customs officer ,immigration officer, quarantine officer, ship surveyor, harbor superintendent and so on

海事机构人员包括海关官员，移民官员，检疫官员，验船师，港务局长等等

2、 Say something about ship’s structural parts （说一下关于船舶结构的名称）

(a) the main part of a ship(船舶的主体) (b)ship’s superstructure （船舶的上层建筑）

a）The main body of a ship is the hull. It’s the area between the main deck, the sides and the bottom（船舶的主体是船体，这部分区域在主甲板，两舷和船底之间）The hull contains the engine room, cargo space and tanks（船体包括机舱，货舱和液舱）

b) The superstructure is above the main deck. It includes forecastle, bridge and poop（上层建筑包括艏楼，驾驶台和艉楼） 问答

1、Who is in command of the ship? the captain

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谁是船舶的指挥（负责人）？ 船长

2、Generally speaking, how many officers are there in the deck department? three

一般来说，甲板部有几名驾驶员？ 3名

3、What department does bosun belong to? Deck Department 水手长属于什么部门？ 甲板部 4、Can you list some ship’s stores?

Yes, I can. Such as hose, paint, dunnage, wire ropes, nail and so on 你能列举一些船上的物料吗？ 当然，我能。例如皮龙，油漆，垫舱料，钢丝绳，钉子等等 5、Can you list some ship’s tools？

yes, I can. Such as spanner, saw, axe, hammer, drill and so on

你能列举一些船上的工具吗？ 当然，例如扳手，锯，斧子，锤子，钻头等等

6、What does “lifebuoy with light and smoke” mean?

A lifebuoy equipped with self-igniting light and smoke signal 是一种配备有自亮灯和烟雾信号的救生圈 7、What does “cargo wire” mean?

It’s the wire used for connecting t block and winch 用于连接滑车和起货机的钢丝 8、What does “port side” mean?

When standing in a ship and facing the bow, the left hand side is called

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port side 在船上如果面向船头，左边称为左舷 9、What is “board sling” used for ?

It’s used for handling the bagged cargo and drummed cargo 吊货盘用于作什么？ 用于装卸袋装货和桶装货 10、Can you list some ship’s bridge equipment?

Yes, I can. Such as radar, VHF, GPS, GMDSS，AIS and so on

你能列举一些驾驶台设备吗？当然，例如雷达，甚高频电话，全球卫星定位系统，自动识别系统等等

Chapter 2

Lesson 1 Helm orders 口述

What procedures should be taken when receive helm orders as a helmsman?

(作为舵工，当你接收到命令时应采取什么措施)

a)Three procedures a helmsman should be taken orderly when receive the helm order

b)The manners in which a helmsman should take to answer the helm orders

c)Measures to be taken when the vessel does not answer the wheel

a)当接收到命令时，舵工应采取的三个步骤

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b)作为舵工，回答口令时的方式 c)无舵效时采取的措施

1）First, you should repeat the orders, then carry out them correctly and immediately, and last, you should report the orders.（作为舵工，首先应复述命令，然后迅速并正确操作，最后，你应该报告）

2）The helmsman should answer the orders loudly and clearly（回复命令时要清晰，大声）

3）when the vessel does not answer the wheel, the helmsman should be questioned :what is your course ? the helmsman should report the course at once（当舵无反应时，值班驾驶员应向舵工询问：航向多少/舵工要立刻报告航向） 问答

1、How many orders are included in Standard Ship Orders? Can you list some?

Yes, I can. Four, such as helm order, anchor order, engine order and so on 船舶标准命令有几种，你能列举一些吗。当然，四种,例如舵令，锚令，车钟令等等

2、If you are ordered “port five”, how do you reply and report? port five wheel is port five (当你被下达左舵5时，你应如何复述和报告)

3、If you are ordered “steady”, how do you reply and report?

steady course 125

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4、How does the wheel answer? yes, very good/very slow/no answer 舵反应如何？

5、what is the course? Course 125 Lesson 2 Mooring and unmooring orders 口述

Please describe the line handling operations before berthing （描述系泊前缆绳的操作）

a)The cautions to be taken when approaching the quay（靠近码头时的注意事项）

b)The usual ways to handle mooring lines when berthing（系泊时缆绳操纵的一般方法）

c)The method to prevent mooring lines from being fouled（防止缆绳绞缠的方法）

a) When approaching the quay, the deckhands should prepare the heaving lines, the winches and the mooring lines. Keep sharp look out of the movement of the ship, and prevent the lines from fouling.

b) Firstly the spring lines are sent ashore, and keep it in strain. Then send the other lines ashore. When the ship is in position, make fast all the lines. c) To prevent the lines from fouling, you should operate the winch step by step and keep the lines in good order. 问答

1、what does “single up forward to breast line and spring” mean? It means

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let go all lines forward except the breast line and spring

船头单绑留横缆和倒缆是什么意思——意思是除了横缆和倒缆外其他全部解掉

2、If you want change the position of the headline forward for 3 meters, what do you say? Shift headline ahead 3 meters 如果你想改变头缆位置，向前移动3米，应该怎么说？ 3、If you want to heave tight the breast line, what do you say?

Take in/Pick up the slack on the breast line. 如果你想绞头缆，怎么说

4、which order is an equivalent to| “send out the headline” ? Pay out the head line.

与“送出头缆”相同意思的命令是哪个？

5、which order is an equivalent to “let go stern line” ? cast off stern line 与“解掉尾缆”相同意思的命令是哪个？

Lesson 3 Anchor orders 口述

1、What measures should be taken if anchor dragging? 如果发生走锚，应采取什么措施

a)The definition of anchor dragging（走锚的定义） b)How to prevent anchor dragging（怎样防止走锚）

c)Measures to be taken when anchor dragging（走锚时所采取的措施）

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1）Anchor dragging refers to movement of an anchor over the sea bottom without the ship’s control(走锚是指不受船舶控制下锚沿着海底的运动) 2）In order to prevent anchor dragging, chief officer should arrange OOW(officer on watch) and AB to keep anchor watch. The watchman should check the anchor position regularly

为防止走锚，大副应安排值班驾驶员和一水值锚班，并定期检查锚位 3）I case of dragging, Let go another anchor at once, inform the engine room to stand by engine, report to the captain. If the above measures can’t prevent dragging, heave up anchor to choose another anchorage

一旦发生走锚，立刻抛另一只锚并通知机舱“备车”，报告船长。如果上述措施不能阻止走锚，应起锚选择另外的锚地。 问答

1、what does “Anchor is foul” mean? It Means crossing anchor, that is, anchor has its own cable twisted around itself or has fouled an obstruction. (锚绞缠是什么意思)

2、If the anchor has been heaved out of the ground and clear of the bottom, what do you report?(如果绞锚达到与海底清爽的状态，你应如何报告) anchor aweigh（锚离底）

3、If the anchor is secured firmly in sea bottom, what do you report?(如果锚已经坚实的抓牢海底，你应如何报告) anchor brought up （锚抓牢）

4、If there is no obstruction around the anchor before anchoring, what do

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you report? The bow is clear.

5、when the anchor is heaved out of water and just above it, what do you report? The anchor is out of water.

如果绞锚刚刚达到水平之上，应如何报告锚马上就要出水了

Lesson 4 Engine orders 口述

If you are given engine orders, how should you reply and report? a)The meaning of common engine orders（普通车钟令的含义） b)How to reply engine orders（如何复述） c)How to report engine orders（如何报告）

a) Engine orders, such as “full ahead”, it means that the telegraph should be put on the FULL ahead”, “stop engine”, it means that the telegraph should be put on STOP position, and so on

b) Repeat the orders loudly and clearly（复述命令要清晰，大声） c) when the revolution commanded of the engine is obtained, report it to the commander.（按照车钟显示的结果报告） 问答

1、If you are ordered “stand by both engines”, how should you reply and report? reply：stand by both engine report: both engine stand by 2、If you are ordered “full ahead”, how should you reply and report?

reply：full ahead report: engine full ahead

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3、If you are ordered “ring off engine”, how should you reply and report?

reply：ring off engine report: engine rung off

4、If you are ordered “stop engine”, how should you reply and report? reply：stop engine report: engine stopped

5、What does “finished with engine” mean? That means the movement of the engine is no longer required.

Chapter 3

问答

1、Are you the sailor on duty? Yes, I am 你是值班水手吗？是的，我是

2、Is your chief officer on board? Yes , he is on the bridge 你们的大副在船上吗？是的，他在驾驶台

3、Would you show me the way? Sure, this way, please. 你能给我带路吗？当然，请这边走

4、Our master is not on board, please wait a moment. I’ll call him back Thank you

我们的船长不在船上，请稍等，我去找他回来 谢谢你 5、When will your captain come back? two hours 你们的船长什么时候回来？ 大概两小时以后 6、The gangway is too high I will lower a little low 舷梯太高了 我会多放低一点

7、Would you please take me to see your captain? Sure, it’s my pleasure

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你能带我你见你们的船长吗？ 当然，这是我的荣幸

8、I am the relieving third officer, here is my ID card Ok, welcome on board

我是替班（换班）三副，这是我的身份证—欢迎你上船

9、The head line is too tight Take in/Pick up the slack on the breast line. 头缆太紧了— 多松一点

10、What’s your draft fore and aft? My draft fore is 6 meters and my draft aft is 7 meters

前后吃水是多少？ 船头吃水6米，船尾吃水7米

Chapter 4

Lesson 1 Keeping watch on the cargo operations 货物操纵值班 问答

1、Are holds clean? Yes, the holds are clean 货舱干净吗？ 当然

2、Are holds dry? Yes，the holds are dry 货舱干燥吗？ 当然

3、Are holds free of smell? Yes, the holds are free of smell 货舱无异味吗？当然

4、Close hatch covers and report Hatch covers are closed 关舱盖并报告 ———舱盖已关闭

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1、What does “jettison cargo” mean ? Throw the cargo overboard for ship’s safety.

什么叫弃货? 为保证船舶安全，将货物投掷到船外

2、What shall we be ensured before entering the enclosed space?

Sufficient ventilation and oxygen([??ksid??n]) detection 进入封闭舱室之前要确认什么？通风并测氧

3、What does “shifting cargo” mean ? It means the cargo removed from its original place

什么叫移货？ 是指货物从它原来的位置移走

4、Can you list some lashing and securing equipment? Please list some. Yes, I can ,such as lashing wire, shackle, lashing bar, bridge plate, bridge fitting and so on (列举三个即可)

请列举一些绑扎和系固设备。当然如绑扎钢丝，卸扣，拉杆，桥板，桥锁等

5、When is lashing work done? During and after the loading operation 什么时候完成绑扎工作？ 装货期间和装货后 6、When is unlashing work done? Before unloading cargo 什么时候完成解绑工作？ 卸货之前

Chapter 8

问答

1、What should be prepared before the pilot comes on board? Pilot ladder,

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safety line, lifebuoy and so on.

引航员上船前要做什么准备？ 引水梯，安全绳，救生圈等 2、What flag should be hoisted when a vessel requires a pilot? Flag G 需要引航员要悬挂什么旗？

3、What ship’s particulars does pilot station usually ask for? Ship’s name, call sign, LOA, ETA, arrival draft and so on.

引航站会询问船舶的什么信息？ 船名，呼号，船长、预计达到时间，到港吃水等

4、What kind of things should be reported to the pilot station? 船舶需向引航站报告那些信息？ 答案同上题

5、What should be confirmed from the pilot station? The pilot’s boarding time and place.

从引航站可以确认什么？ 引航员登船时间和地点 6、what does “underway” mean?

When the ship is not at anchor, or made fast to the shore, or aground. 什么叫在航？船舶没有锚泊，系泊，搁浅

7、What must always be brought and placed close to the pilot ladder well before the pilot’s embarkation? Lifebuoy，lifeline , heaving line

引航员登船前必须把什么放置在离引水梯近的位置？ 救生圈,安全绳

8、What flag should be hoisted when pilot has arrived on board? Flag H

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引航员在船挂什么旗？

Chapter 9

口述

1、Cleaning and repair work on board（船上的清洁和修理工作） a)the importance of cleaning and repair work （清洁和修理工作的重要性）

b)The contents of the cleaning and repair work （清洁和修理工作的内容）

c)How to carry out the cleaning and repair work （如何执行清洁和修理工作）

1. a) The importance of the cleaning and repair work is to maintain the ship in good condition for seaworthiness.

b) Cleaning and repair work onboard includes clean the deck, holds, engine room and accommodation, and some repair to moving parts. c) The work should be done as planned. And some must be daily done. 2、Painting work used on board（船上油漆工作）

a)The basic types of paint used on board（船用油漆的基本类型） b)Proper preparations（准备工作）

c)The requirements for painting（油漆工作的要求）

a)There are many kinds of paint used on board, such as primer, undercoat, top coat, non-slip paint, varnish and so on（船上有多种油漆，如底漆，内层

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漆，面漆，防滑油漆，清漆等）

b) Before painting, . the surface should be well prepared, free of stains or rust, dry, and free of dirt and scraped and brushed to bare metal.

c)First, the paint should be evenly distributed in painted parts ,second, not apply the second coat until the first coat is fully dry. lastly, fire operation is prohibited during painting.（首先，油漆要均匀分布，第二，直到第一层油漆完全干燥后再涂第二层，最后，油漆区域禁止明火作业） 问答

1、Can you list at last three kinds of paint? Yes, I can, such as primer, undercoat, top coat and so on.

你能列举出至少三种油漆吗？ 当然，如底漆，内层漆，面漆 2、What kind of paint usually given to the ship’s funnel? Heat-resistant paint 油漆船舶烟囱用什么？ 耐热油漆

3、What type of paint do you on deck? Non-slip paint 油漆甲板用什么？ 防滑漆

4、What paint is used for woodwork? Varnish 木制品用什么油漆？ 清漆

5、Before repainting an area, what preparations do you make? use the solution for cleaning and washing to remove all salt, dirt and oil

重新刷漆之前，做什么准备工作？ 用清洁剂清除并冲刷掉所有的盐渍，灰尘和油污

6、How do you remove the heavy rust on plates? Remove the heavy rust

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with chipping hammer

如何清除钢板上的后锈？ 用敲锈锤敲掉 7、What repair work do the sailor usually do on board? Repairing common tools and petty equipment

在船上，水手从事什么样的修理工作？ 维修普通工具和小型设备

Chapter10

口述：

1、The duties of the able seafarer on watch when underway（在航时水手职责）

a)General rules as to watch-keeping（值班的基本原则） b)Items to be checked at each watch（值班时检查项目）

a)1)During watch keeping, the able seafarer should be responsible for signal flag, signal shape, signal light and so on（在值班期间，值班水手应该负责号旗，号型，号灯等。）

2)The able seafarer should steer helm correctly as per captain’s, watch officer’s or pilot’s order. Without being assigned, he must lookout closely.（按船长，值班驾驶员或是引航员的命令正确操舵。如果未被安排其他工作，他必须认真瞭望。）

3)The able seafarer should exchange steering gear according to the watch officer’s orders. （按值班驾驶员指示正确转换操舵仪的状态）

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4)The able seafarer should be responsible for keeping the bridge clean and tidy（值班水手应负责保持驾驶台清洁）.

b)The able seafarer should check the course, helm’s answer ,compass error, ship’s position and so on at each watch. 水手要检查航向，舵效，罗经差，船位等 2、The bridge shift change（驾驶台交接班）

a)The procedures for the bridge shift change（交接班程序） b)Special attention for shift change（交接班注意事项）

a) 1) The relieving able seafarer should come onto the bridge 15 minutes earlier.（接班水手提前15分钟到驾驶台 ）

2) The relieved able seafarer shall introduce conditions around the ship, tell the relieving able seafarer navigational light, signal light signal flag, signal shape in use and their working condition and so on. （交班水手要向接班水手介绍船舶情况，如信号灯，信号旗等及他们的状态）

3) The relieving able seafarer should check the fairway against the chart to see if there is any obstruction, and check buoy, land-shore objects. 陆岸物标

4) The relieved able seafarer hand over the watch to the relieving able seafarer, and report to the watch officer（交接班时要向值班驾驶员报告）

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b) If some measures are being taken to avoid collision, relieving able seafarer should take over the watch after that 问答：

1、Who keeps navigational watches on the bridge at sea? OOW(officer on watch)

航行期间谁在驾驶台值航行班？ 值班驾驶员 2、How many watches are there on the bridge a day? six 一天中驾驶台有几个班？ 6个

3、Who takes the navigational watch from 0800 to 1200 hours in the morning and evening? Third officer 早晚的8-12点谁值班？ 三副

4、Who takes the navigational watch from 0000 to 0400 hours day and night?

Second officer 0-4点谁值班？ 二副

5、What is the duty of the able seafarer on watch on the bridge at sea?

Steer wheel and look out

值班水手在驾驶台值班的职责是什么？ 操舵并瞭望 6、What should the able seafarer being relived say? course, speed，signal light and so on 交班水手要说什么？

7、What should the reliving able seafarer say?

Inquire the conditions about the course, speed, signal light, and so on 接班水手说什么？询问航向，航速，号灯等情况

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8、What should a reliving able seafarer do after taking over the watch? Reliving able seafarer shall satisfy themselves regarding the position, course, tides, compass error and so on

接班后值班水手要做什么？接班水手要确定船位，航向，罗经差等数据

Chapter11

问答：

1、What cargo are you carrying on you ship? Bulk cargo 你船载有什么货物？ 散货

2、Who is responsible for the security training on you ship? SSO（ship security officer）

谁负责你船的保安训练？ 船舶保安员 3、Do you organize regular security trainings? Yes, at least 3 months. 你定期组织保安培训吗？

4、Do you know about the main threats facing to security officers? Yes, I do. Such as, stowaway, pirate, armed attack and so on. 你知道保安员面对的主要威胁是什么吗？ 5、What means of Security Level 1? General alert 保安等级1级是什么意思？ 一般警戒

6、What means of Security Level 2？ Enhance alert 保安等级2级是什么意思？ 加强警戒

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7、What means of Security Level 3？ Final alert 保安等级3级是什么意思？ 最高警戒

8、Do you understand the measures for the prevention of unauthorized access to the ship?

Yes, I do. keep gangway watch and prohibit any access without identified or proper reasons

你了解防止未授权人员进入船舶的措施吗？当然，值舷梯班，禁止任何没有被识别和正当理由的人进入。

9、Do you understand the identification of the restricted areas and measures for prevention of unauthorized access to them?

你能看明白限制区的标识并了解一些防止非法进入限制区的措施吗？ Yes, I do. set the warning signs near the restricted areas

10、Do you have the special security facilities? Yes, we have, such as SSAS, lighting, surveillance system

你船有特别的保安设备吗？是的，如SSAS，照明，监视系统

Chapter12

问答：

1、Check the fire alarms and report.

All fire alarms are operational 所有消防警报可用 2、Check the portable extinguishers and report.

All portable extinguishers are operational 所有便携式灭火器可用

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3、Check the firemen’s outfits and report.

All firemen’s outfits are operational 所有消防员装备可用 4、Close all openings in all rooms and report. All openings are closed 所有通风已关闭

5、Check the fire area every 10 minutes for re-ignition and report Fire area is impossible re-igniting 火场不会复燃 6、Report direction and distance of person in water.

abeam，five meters off 正横方位，离船5米 7、Check launching tracks and report

Launching tracks are operational 放艇导轨可用 8、Check working parts and report Working parts are operational 9、Operate lifeboat engine and report Lifeboat engine launched 艇机已启动

10、Pressure in the water pipe in cargo holds is too low

Increase the pressure in water pipe in cargo holds 提高货舱水管压力

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