篇章阅读专题20题

1.（12真题）

Leading scientists around the world are meeting in Britain to consider a proposal that could eventually see Greenwich Mean Time become a footnote in history. For more than 120 yeas GMT has been the international standard for timekeeping, but it is now under threat from a new definition of time itself based not on the rotation of the Earth, but on atomic clocks.

GMT is based on the passage of the Sun over the zero meridian line (子午线) at the Greenwich Observatory in southeast London, and became the world standard for time at a conference in Washington in 1884, France had promoted Paris Mean Time at the same conference. In 1972 it was replaced in name by Universal Coordinated Time (UTC) but that essentially remained the same as GMT, UTC is based on about 400 atomic clocks at laboratories around the world but then corrected with “ leap seconds ” (闰秒) to adjust itself in line with the Earth’s rotational speed, which fluctuates.

But the tiny difference between Earth speed and atomic speed have become a problem for CPS, the global positioning systems and mobile phone networks on which the modern would relies.

The meeting in London are looking at the possible effects of abandoning the leap seconds and moving fully to atomic time. That would see atomic tome slowly move apart from GMT, by about one minute every 60 to 90 years, or by an hour every 600 years, and there would need to be. “ leap minutes ” a couple of times a century to bring the two in line. British science minister David willetts has opposed the plan by saying: “ We should stick to real time as experienced by humans. Without leap seconds we will lose contact with the reality of Earth’s rotation. Eventually our midnight would happen at noon.”

In January, the International Telecommunication Union will meet in Geneva to vote on whether to adopt the new measure, despite protests from Britain. 56. Leading scientists are considering replacing . 57. What will be voted on at Geneva meeting in January? 58. What is new measure of time keeping based on? 59. Leap minutes can be used to . 60. How did Britain react to the proposal? 56-60答案

56. GMT with atomic time 解析：but it is now under threat from a new definition of time itself based not on the rotation of the Earth, but on atomic clocks，由此句可得到答案

57. Whether to adopt the new measure. 解析： In January, the International Telecommunication Union will meet in Geneva to vote on whether to adopt the new measure, despite protests from Britain.，由此句可得答案。

58. Atomic clocks. 解析：it was replaced in name by Universal Coordinated Time (UTC) but that essentially remained the same as GMT, UTC is based on about 400 atomic clocks at laboratories around the world ，由此句可得到答案。

59. adjust atomic speed in line with Earth speed 解析：ut then corrected with “ leap seconds ” (闰秒) to adjust itself in line with the Earth’s rotational speed, which fluctuates.，由此句可得到答案。 60. It opposed/protested the proposal. 解析：British science minister David willetts has opposed the plan，由此句可得答案 2.

Internet use appears to cause a drop in psychological health, according to research at Carnegie Mellon University.

Even people who spent just a few hours a week on the Internet experienced more bad feelings and loneliness than those who was online less frequently, the two-year study showed. Researchers are puzzling over the results, which were completely contrary to their expectations. They expected that the Net would prove socially healthier than television, since the Net allows users to choose their information and to communicate with others.

The fact that Internet use reduces time available for family and friends may account for the drop in psychological health, researchers hypothesized (推测). Faceless, bodiless“virtual”(虚的) communication may be less psychologically satisfying than actual conversation, and the relationships formed through it may be shallower. Another possibility is that exposure to the wider world through the Net makes users less satisfied with their lives.

“But it' s important to remember this is not about the technology, it' s about how it is used,”says psychologist Christine Riley of Intel, one of the study' s sponsors (发起人). \points to the need for considering social factors in terms of how you design applications and services for technology. \56. The research undertaken at Carnegie Mellon University found that________________________________.

57. What had the researchers expected before the research?

58. The researchers supposed that the reason why Internet use may cause the drop in psychological health is that____________________________.

59. Christine Riley, the psychologist, suggests that_________________________. 60. The most appropriate title for the passage would be______________. 56-60答案

56. Internet use may cause a drop in psychological health. 解析：细节题。从第一句Internet use appears to cause a drop in psychological health，according to research at Carnegie Mellon University我们可以得出研究的结果是网络造成人的心理健康下降。

57. Internet use may improve social health. 解析：细节题。从文章中第二段最后一句They expected that the Net would prove socially healthier than television可以得出 58. it reduces time available for family and friends. 解析：细节题。从文章三段第一句话The fact that Internet use reduces time available for family and friends may account for the drop in psychological health, researchers hypothesized (推测)可以得出。

59. It's necessary to take social factors into account in designing applications and services for technology. 解析：在文章中Christine Riley所说的话“It really points to the need for considering social factors in terms of how you design applications and services for technology.”可以直接得出答案。

60. 推荐答案：Internet May Cause Bad Feelings 解析：主旨题。文章的中心思想是网络给人造成的坏心情及产生这一结果的原因，所以最佳标题是“网络可能导致坏心情” 3.

A contract is an agreement which is enforceable(实施) by law. Without a contract or agreement to bind the contracting parties, and international business or transaction would be

impossible. Once a contract is officially signed by the concerned parties, it creates legal obligations in the sense of law.

A contract is the only document between the parties to which they may refer for clarification(澄清) of mutual responsibilities. It should not be viewed as only a document that starts transaction and then filed and forgotten by the contraction parties. It must be written with in which the transaction takes place. It is proper to obtain legal advice before signing a contract.

Though most of the contracts have many provisions(条款) in common, each is different from the others owing to the nature of the goods. Whether we are dealing with a long or preprinted form of the contract, there are certain key provisions that every contract should contain to avoid unclear statements and possible future conflicts. 56. What is a contract?

57. A contract can not create legal obligations in the sense of law unless ________. 58. What should be taken into consideration when a contract is written? 59. What functions does a contract have? A contract can make clear . 60. Why should some key provisions be covered in a contract? The key provisions are made in a contract in order to ____ ____ . 56-60答案

56. A contract is an agreement which is enforceable by law.解析：A contract is an agreement which is enforceable(实施) by law，由此句可得到答案。

57. officially signed by the concerned parties. 解析：Once a contract is officially signed by the concerned parties, it creates legal obligations in the sense of law.，由此句可得到答案。 58. an awareness of the background of the law 解析： It must be written with in which the transaction takes place，由此句可得到答案。

59. legal obligations 解析：Once a contract is officially signed by the concerned parties, it creates legal obligations in the sense of law.，由此句可得到答案

60. avoid unclear statements and possible future conflicts 解析：here are certain key provisions that every contract should contain to avoid unclear statements and possible future conflicts.，由此句可得到答案

4.

Michael Faraday was the son of a blacksmith (铁匠). There were four children in his family and, with his father often ill and unable to work, Michael Faraday had to earn his living from an early age. This meant little or no schooling. However, the family belonged to a religious group, and Faraday learnt to read and write at Sunday School.

When he was only fourteen, Faraday found a job as a bookbinder. He used to read the books he was given to bind and he became very interested in the scientific books, particularly the ones about electricity. His interest soon took a practical path and he began conducting his own experiments. These were very basic because Faraday had to make all of his equipment himself. However, he was very careful and kept a clear written record of all his findings.

One day he was given an entrance ticket to the Royal Institute chemistry lecture, given by Humphry Davy. Determined to work for this great scientist, he sent Davy a job application and included his laboratory reports on the experiments he had carried out. In 1813, Davy offered Faraday a job as one of his laboratory assistants. Faraday learnt quickly and soon was recognized as a very able analytical chemist. Later he went to work at the Royal Institute.

Michael Faraday was, perhaps, the greatest practical scientist of the 19th century. As a chemist, he discovered the benzene (苯), which is now the focal point of chemical study. He also proved the relationship between electricity and chemical bonding (化学键). As a physicist, he invented the dynamo, which led to the later invention of the electric motor. He also discovered the effect of magnetism (磁) on light rays.

56. Faraday attended Sunday School because _________________________________________. _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ ________ ________ ________ ________ 57. Faraday made his own equipment for his experiments when he ________________________. _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ ________ ________ ________ ________ 58. In order to get a chance to work for Davy, what did Faraday do? _______________________. _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ ________ ________ ________ ________ 59. How did Faraday perform in Davy’s laboratory? ____________________________________. _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ ________ ________ ________ ________ 60. Faraday’s research covered _____________________________________________________. _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ ________ ________ ________ ________ 56-60答案

56. his family couldn’t afford his normal school education 解析：There were four children in his family and, with his father often ill and unable to work, Michael Faraday had to earn his living from an early age.，由此句可得出答案。

57. was working as a bookbinder at his fourteen，解析：由第二段可得出答案。

58. He sent a job application and experiment reports to Davy 解析：Determined to work for this great scientist, he sent Davy a job application and included his laboratory reports on the experiments he had carried out. In 1813, Davy offered Faraday a job as one of his laboratory assistants.，由此句可得出答案。

59. He learnt quickly and was recognized (as an analytical chemist) 解析：Faraday learnt quickly and soon was recognized as a very able analytical chemist，由此句可得出答案。 60. both chemical and physical fields 解析：由最后段可得出答案。

5.

The housekeeping department is the backbone of a hotel. In a sense, it is possible to say that a clean and attractive guest room is the product that the hotel sells.

The main duty of the housekeeping department staff is to see to the cleanliness and good order of all rooms in the hotel. The laundry and valet service and many personal services are also parts of their jobs. And they must coordinate the work closely with the front office.

This department as a whole is required to make the guest’s stays comfortable and pleasing. Any reasonable request must be fulfilled. But good service means more than fulfilling requests. Whenever and wherever possible, the staff should offer to do extra things for the guests. What is more, whenever there is an opportunity to “sell”, the staff should take it and suggest that guests use the hotel services as much as possible. They should make sure that they are really selling what the guest wants to buy.

It should be noted that the most important characteristic in the housekeeping department, and indeed throughout the hotel world, is the willingness to serve and please the guests. The housekeeping staff, such as chamber maids, housemen, linen-room attendants, supervisors and housekeepers, can do a great deal to assure a high business repeat and occupancy rate, not only through the efficiency in their jobs but also through their heartfelt warmth in serving the guests.

56.What’s the meaning of the “backbone” here?

57.What’s the duty of the housekeeping department?

58.What’s the aim of the department?

59. What are the important characteristics in the housekeeping department?

60.How can the staff assure a high business repeat?

56-60答案

56. It means the most important part 解析： In a sense, it is possible to say that a clean and attractive guest room is the product that the hotel sells，这句话可以分析出这里的backbone是说重要组成部分。

57.To see to the cleanliness and good order of all rooms 解析：The main duty of the housekeeping department staff is to see to the cleanliness and good order of all rooms in the hotel.，由此句可以得出答案。

58.To make the guest’s stays comfortable and pleasing. 解析： This department as a whole is required to make the guest’s stays comfortable and pleasing，由此句可得出答案。 59. The willingness to serve and please the guests 解析：t should be noted that the most important characteristic in the housekeeping department, and indeed throughout the hotel world, is the willingness to serve and please the guests.，由此句可得出答案。

60. Through their heartfelt warmth in serving the guests.解析：The housekeeping staff can do a great deal to assure a high business repeat and occupancy rate, not only through the efficiency in their jobs but also through their heartfelt warmth in serving the guests.由此句可得出答案。

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