高中英语虚拟语气用法小结
更新时间:2024-03-05 01:51:01 阅读量: 综合文库 文档下载
虚拟语气用法小结
白杨林
河南省社旗县第二高级中学
虚拟语气表示说话人所说的事或话不是事实,而是一种假设,愿望,怀疑或推测。它主要用于条件从句,让步从句和名词性从句中。
一、虚拟语气在条件句中的用法:
虚拟语气常用在条件句中,表假设的情况与事实相反或不太可能实现,这种句子称为虚拟条件句。可分为下列几种情况:
If I were you,I should study hard.如:If you (一)由if引导虚拟条件句。如:had come here,you could have met my brother.这种句子的谓语动词一般分三种情况:
1、假设的条件与现在的事实相反,主从句的谓语动词应为:If主+动词过去式或were…,主+would/should/could/might+V、(原形)(主句中should一般只用于第1人称)。如:If it were not for the smowy weather ,we would be all right.
例1、If I you,I would go with him to the party. A、was B、were C、had been D、will be
析:该句为if引导的条件句,从主语谓语看“would go”(是与现在事实相反),套用上边句型,从句谓语应为动词过去式,若是be动词应为were,所以该题答案应为B。
2、假设的条件与过去事实相反,其句子结构应为:If+主+had done…,主+would/could/should/might+have done…
例2、 more careful,his ship would not have sunk. A、If the captain were B、Had the captain been C、Should the captain be D、If the captain would have been
析:该题题干部分有一谓语动词为would not have sunk,由此可知是对过去事情的虚拟,便可推出从句的谓语动词应为had done形式,再看选项,含
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有had done的只有B,该题正确答案即是B。(当if引导的虚拟条件中有were,had,should时,可省略if,把were,had,should提到主语之前)。
3、与将来的事实相反或对将来的推测
从句动词用动词过去式或were to+v(原)或should+v(原),主句用would/should/could/might+v(原)如:
If there were to be meeting this tvening,I would come.如果今晚没有会议的话,我就来。
例3、If it tomorrow,we would have to put off the sport meet. A、were rain B、should rain C、would rain D、will rain
析:根据语境中的tomorrow,可知是表将来的条件句谓语可用did/werre to/should do,主句用would do根据所给选项只有B项正确。
(二)由介词without,but for等构成的短语所表示的虚拟条件如:But for the air(=If there were no air),no life on earth could have been developed.如果没有空气,地球上就不可能产生任何生命。
(三)通过上下文体现虚拟条件,句子往往有but,other wise,unfortunately等类似转折词。如:He would gain weight but he doesn't eat enough.(=If he ate much,he would gain weight.)他本可以增加体重,但他吃得不够多。
She ran,othervvise she would have missed her bus.(=If she had not run,she would have missed her bus.)她要是不跑,就错过了这趟公共汽车了。
二、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法
(一)在wish后的宾语从句中,表示一种愿望,此时that常省略,从句谓语常用虚拟语气,分三种情况:
1、I wish 宾语从句表示与现在事实相反,从句中谓语用动词过去式或。如:I were with her now.
2、宾语从句表示与过去事实相反,则用“had+过去分词”。 如:I wish I had not failed in the last exam.
3、宾从表示与将来事实或不确定的将来事实相反用would/should/could/might+v(原)。
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如:\2、在表建议要求,命令、主张等动词如suggest(建议)advise
request,demand ,order, command等词后的宾语从句中,谓语要用虚拟语气,其结构是should+v原 shoudl可省。如:I suggest that you (should) go home as soon as possible.
3、用在表语从句和同位语从句中。
如果含有表建议、命令、请求、愿望等词的相应名词如:
suggestion,advice,order,insistance作主语则表从用should+v(原)should可省,若它们后跟同位语从句也用should+v(原)如:
Your suggestion that I(should)go abroad is right. His suggestion is that we(should)have the meeting now.
4、用在would rather,had rather等后的宾从中谓语动词应用过去时或过去完成时。如:
I would rather you were not here.
I'd rather you had been present.我宁愿你当时在场。
5、用在It is important/mecessary/…或It's a pity等结构中的主语从句中。如:It is important that the TOEFL office(should) confirm your registration.
三、用于其它从句中的虚拟语气
1、在as if/as though从句表不可实现的事。如: I love her as if/though she were my daughter.
2、It is(high)time that主+ v过去式/should+v原。如:
It is time that the government took/should take measures to proteet the race birds and animals.
3、for fear that主+should+v原。如:
He is working hard for fear that he should fall behind. 4、用在If only句型中,意思是“要是…就好了”。如: Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I had follwed your advice.
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