2013年职称英语考试理工类A级-阅读理解练习题及答案

2013年职称英语考试理工类A级-阅读理解练习题及答案

A Phone That Knows You're Busy

It's a modern problem：you're too busy to be disturbed by incessant(连续不断的)phone calls so you turn your cellphone off .But if you don't remember to turn it back on when you're less busy.you could miss some important calls if only the phone knew when it was wise to interrupt you，you wouldn't have to turn it off at all. Instead，it could let calls through when you are not too busy

A bunch of behavior sensors(传感器)and a clever piece of software could do just that，by analyzing your behavior to determine if it's a good time to interrupt you.If built into a phone，the system may decide you're too busy and ask the caller to leave a message or ring back later.

James Fogarty and Scott Hudson at Camegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania based their system oil tiny microphones，cameras and touch sensors that reveal body language and activity. First they had to study different behaviors to find out which ones stongly predict whether your mind is interrupted

The potential\doors were left open or closed，the time of day，if other people were with the person in question，how close they were to each other, and whether or not the computer was in use.

The sensors monitored these and many other factors while four subjects were at work . At random intervals，the subjects rated how interruptible they were on a scale ranging from\then correlated with the various behaviors . \随意的)approach：we used all the indicators we could think of and then let statistics find out which were important，\

The model showed that using the keyboard，and talking on a landline or to

someone else in the office correlated most strongly with how interruptible the subjects judged themselves to be.

Interestingly，the computer was actually better than people at predicting when someone was too busy to be interrupted . The computer got it right 82 per cent of the time，humans 77 per cent. Fogarty speculates that this might be because people doing the interrupting are inevitably biased towards delivering their message，whereas computers don't care.

The first application for Hudson and Fogarty's system is likely to be in an instant messaging system，followed by office phones and cellphones.\technological roadblock(障碍) to it being deployed in a couple of years，\Hudson

36 A big problem facing people today is that

A they must tolerate phone disturbances or miss important calls. B they must turn off their phones to keep their homes quiet. C they have to switch from a desktop phone to a cellphone.

D they are too busy to make phone calls.

37 The behavior sensor and software system built in a phone A could help store messages. B could send messages instantly

C could tell when it is wise to interrupt you. D could identify important phone calls.

38 Scientists at Carnegie Menon University tried to find out A why office doors were often 1eft open.

B when it was a good time to turn off the computer. C what questions office workers were bothered with. D which behaviors could tell whether a person was busy 39 During the experiment，the subjects were asked A to control the sensors and the camera.

B to rate the degrees to which they could be interrupted. C to compare their behaviors with others'. D to analyze all the indicators of interruption.

40 The computer performed better than people in the study because A the computer worked harder. B the computer was not busy C people tended to be biased. D people were not good at statistics.

参考答案：

36 A 该题问的是：当今人们面临的一个大的问题是什么?文章第～句就给出了答案：人们太忙了，不能被连续不断的电话骚扰。要么关闭手机。

37 c 第二段中的that是代词，指上段最后两旬句子的内容。而答案在第一句的后半部分：确定何时适合打扰你。

38 D 本题题干的意思是在Camegie Mellon大学的科学家试图找出……?答案在第三段最后一句，第四段第一句也给出了部分答案。

39 B 本题问的是实验中，受试者被要求干什么?答案在第五段第二句：受试者对是否可被打断工作做出评定，评定范围从\完全可以被打断\到\完全不能被打断\

40 c 本题和倒数第二段第一句有关，说的是实验中电脑比人表现得好，问原因是什么?这段最后一句说了，people doing the interrupting are inevitably biased…，即人有偏见，故c为答案。

The Exploding Lakes of Cameroon

What comes to mind when you think of a lake? You probably imagine a pretty scene with blue water，birds，and fish.For the people in the northwestern Cameroon，however, the image is very different. For them，lakes may mean terrible disasters. In 1984，poisonous gases exploded out of Lake Monoun and came down into the nearby villages，killing thirty-seven people.Two years later,Lake Nyos erupted A cloud of gases rolled down the hills and into the valleys and killed 1,700 people.

Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun are crater(火山口)lakes They were formed when water collected in the craters of old volcanoes The volcanoes under Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun are not active anymore. However, poisonous gases from the center of the earth continue to flow up through cracks in the bottom of the lake. This is normal in a crater lake. In most crater lakes，these gases are released often because the water'turns over'regularly.That is，the water from the bottom of the lake rises and mixes with the water at the top，allowing the gases to escape slowly.

However，in Lakes Nyos and Monoun，there is no regular turning over.No one knows the reason for this fact，but as a result，these lakes have more gases tapped at the bottom than other crater lakes. In fact，scientists who have studied Lakes Nyos and Monoun have found 16,000 times more gases.When a strong wind，cool weather a storm，or a landslide(滑坡)causes the water to turn over suddenly，the gases escape in a violent explosion.

In the past，no one knew when the gases might explode，so there was no way for the villagers to escape disaster. Now scientists from the United States，France，and Cameroon have found a way to reduce the gas pressure at the bottom of Lake

Nyos.They stood a 672-foot plastic pipe in the middle of the lake，with one end of the pipe near the bottom and the other end in the air.Near the top of the pipe，the team put several holes that could be opened or closed by a computer.Now，when the gas pressure gets too high，the holes are opened and some of the gas-filled water shoots up through the pipe into the air like a fountain.With less pressure，a disastrous explosion is much less likely.However, the scientists are not sure that one pipe will be enough to prevent explosions.They hope to put in others soon and they plan to install a similar pipe and a computer system at Lake Monoun as well.

To protect people nearby until all of the pipes are in place.the scientists have installed early warning systems at both lakes. If the gas pressure rises to a dangerous level，computers will set off loud sirens(警报)and bright lights to warn the people in the villages.That way, they will have time to escape from the dangerous gases. 41 What will happen when Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun explode? A Water will flow down the hills

B Poisonous gases will be released suddenly. C A strong wind will rise from the lakes D The volcanoes will come to life.

42 Which of the following statements about Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun is true? A They were formed in 1984.

B They are at the top of two active volcanoes. C They are not like most other crater lakes. D Water in them turns over regularly.

43 Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun explode because A the gases rise to the top and mix with air. B people from the villages turn over the water. C scientists have put in a computer system.

D they have more gases trapped at the bottom than other crater lakes 44 A team of scientists has

A erected a pressure-releasing pipe in the lake B identified the gases at the bottom of the lake C built a beautiful fountain near the lakes D removed all dangerous gases from the lakes 45 What do we learn from the last paragraph?

A Scientists are planning to install pipes in all crater lakes. B Scientists still do not know how to prevent gas explosions C Explosion disasters could be avoided in the future D Warning systems have been set up in the villages nearby.

参考答案：

41 B 该题问的是Nyos和Monoun两湖喷发时会出现什么情况?第一段第五句提到，Monoun喷发时有毒气体随之而出。两年后，Nyos湖喷发时也出现类似情况。故B为答案。

42 c 本题为细节题。问的是关于Nyos和Monoun两湖哪句陈述是正确的?选项A说的是两湖于1984年形成的，不符合原文意思。选项B的意思是：他们坐落在两座活活火山上，也与原文意思不符。选项D说的是湖中的水定期翻滚，均与原文不符。只有选项c正确。

43 D 题句的意思是：Nyos和Monoun两湖发生喷发的原因是什么?前三个选项均与原文意思不符，答案见第三段第二句。

44 A 本题问的是一队科学家干了什么工作?第四段第三句提到他们在湖里立了一根释放湖底气压的管子。故A为答案。

45 c 本题问的是在文章最后一段我们了解到了什么?文章最后一段主要讲的是在所有的湖里竖起缓解湖底气压的管子后，就不会有危险。故选项c为正确答案。

When We Are Asleep

Everyone dreams，but some people never recall their dreams，or do so very rarely. Other people always wake up with vivid recollections (记忆) of their dreams，though they forget them very quickly. In an average night of eight hours' sleep，an average adult will dream for around one hundred minutes，probably having three to five dreams，each lasting from ten to thirty minutes. Scientists can detect when someone is having a dream by using an instrument which measures the electrical waves in the brain. During dreaming, these waves move more quickly. Breathing and pulse rate also increase，and there are rapid eye movements under the lids, just as though the dreamer were really looking at moving objects. These signs of dreaming have been detected in all mammals (哺 乳动物) studied, including dogs, monkeys, cats, and elephants, and also some birds and reptiles (爬行动物). This period of sleep is called the \age of 10.

Dreams take the form of stories，but they may be strange and with incidents not connected，which make little sense. Dreams are seldom without people in them and they are usually about people we know. One estimate says that two-thirds of the

\dreams，except for people blind from birth. Sound and touch are senses also often aroused，but smell and taste are not frequently involved. In \，the dreamer may be taking part，or be only an observer. But he or she cannot control what happens in the dream.

However, the dreamer does have control over one type of dream. This type of dream is called a \清醒的) dream. Not everyone is a lucid dreamer. Some people are occasional lucid dreamers. Others can dream lucidly more or less all the time. In a lucid dream，the dreamer knows that he is dreaming. 16.Some people dream but cannot remember their dreams. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

17.In an average night，males dream longer than females. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

18.When we dream，there is less movement of electrical waves in our brains. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 19.Babies dream less than older children. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

20.Most dreams involve the people we played with when we were young. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 21.We rarely smell things in dreams. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

22.In a lucid dream we can use Morse code to communicate with others. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

参考答案：16.A 17.C 18.B 19.B 20.C 21.A 22.C

Monarch without a Kingdom

This November, a hundred million butterflies will drop from the sky over Mexico, like autumn leaves. But for how long? Genetically modified maize (玉米) could mean extinction for this beautiful butterfly, Rafael Ruiz reports.

Although its body is about 3 cm long and it only weighs 1 gin, the Monarch butterfly manages to travel 5,000 km each year. It seems to be so fragile, but its long journeys are proof of its amazing ability to survive. This autumn, the Monarch

butterfly will once more set out on its journey from the US. It will keep going until it reaches Mexico. It travels these huge distances to escape the cold weather in the north.

In November, millions of Monarchs fall like bright, golden rain onto the forests in the mountains of central Mexico. In the silence of these mountains you can hear a strange flapping (拍动) of wings, as the Monarchs arrive at their destination. In the mountains, which reach a height of 3,000 metres, the butterflies are safe.

Before reaching their journey's end they have faced strong winds, rain and snowstorms and they do not all manage to reach their destination. When the winters are really bad, perhaps 70 per cent of them will not survive. Their long journey to Mexico is thought to be one of the most amazing events in the whole of the American continent. When they get there they will stay until the beginning of April, when their internal calendar tells them that it is time to go back. The long journey, with all its dangers, begins again.

These delicate creatures now face danger of another kind - from scientific

progress. In the US, millions of farms grow genetically modified maize which is pure poison for the butterfly. Laboratory experiments have shown that half of the

butterflies which feed on the leaves of genetically modified maize die within 48 hours. Not all experts agree that this variety of maize is responsible for the threat to the Monarchs. In spite of these doubts, the European Union has refused to approve new crops of genetically modified maize until further investigations have been carried out.

Greenpeace is campaigning against genetically modified products (in Spain,

there are already 20,000 hectares of modified maize). The environmental organization recently published a list of 100 species of butterfly in Europe alone which are threatened with extinction.

16 The Monarch butterfly travels 5,000 km each year. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 17 The Monarch butterfly looks fragile. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 18 The Mexicans like butterflies very much. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

19 in bad winters, about 70 per cent of the butterflies can stay alive A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

20 In early April, the butterflies leave their winter homes flying back north A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

21 Genetically modified maize isn't poisonous to the butterflies. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

22 Genetically modified products are not popular in Mexico A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

参考答案：16 A 17 A 18 C 19 B 20 A 21 B 22 C

Is the Tie a Necessity?

Ties, or neckties, have been a symbol of politeness and elegance in Britain for centuries. But the casual Prime Minister Tony Blair has problems with them. Reports suggest that even the civil servants may stop wearing ties. So, are the famously formal British really going to abandon the neckties?

Maybe. Last week, the UK's Cabinet Secretary Andrew Turnbull openly welcomed a tieless era. He hinted that civil servants would soon be tree of the costliest 12 inches of fabric that most men ever buy in their lives.

In fact, Blair showed this attitude when he had his first guests to a cocktail party. Many of them were celebrities (知名人士) without ties, which would have been unimaginable even in the recent past.

For some more conservative British, the tie is a must for proper appearance. Earlier, Labor leader Jim Callaghan said he would have died rather than have his children seen in public without a tie. For people like Callaghan, the tile was a sign of being complete, of showing respect. Men were supposed to wear a tie when going to church, to work in the office, to a party - almost every social occasion.

But today, people have begun to accept a casual style even for formal occasions. The origin of the tie is tricky. It started as something called simply a \term could mean anything around a man's neck. It appeared in finer ways in the 1630s. Frenchmen showed a love of this particular fashion statement. Their neckwear (颈饰)impressed Charles II, the king of England who was exiled(流放)to France at that time. When he returned to England in 1660, he brought this new fashion item along with him.

It wasn't, however, until the late 18th century that fancy young men introduced a more colorful, flowing piece of cloth that eventually became known as the tie. Then, clubs military institutions and schools began to use colored and patterned ties to

indicate the wearer's membership in the late 19th century. After that, the tie became a necessary item of clothing for British gentlemen.

But now, even gentlemen are getting tired of ties. Anyway, the day feels a bit easier when you wake up without having to decide which tie suits you and your mood. 31 The tie symbolizes all of the following except A respect B elegance C politeness D democracy

32 Why does Blair sometimes show up in a formal event without a tie? A Because he wants to make a show

B Because he wants to attract attention. C Because ties are costly.

D Because he wants to live in a casual way. 33 Which of the following is NOT a social occasion? A Going to church.

B Going to work in the office. C Staying at home. D Going to a party.

34 Who brought the Frenchmen's neckwear to Britain? A Tony Blair. B Charles ll. C Jim Callaghan. D Andrew Turnbull.

35 When did British gentlemen begin to wear ties regularly? A After the late 19th century. B In the 1630s. C In 1660.

D In the late 18th century.

参考答案：31 D 32 D 33 C 34 B 35 A

Where Have All the Frogs Gone?

In the 1980s, scientists around the world began to notice something strange: Frogs were disappearing. More recent research has shown that many kinds of

amphibians (两栖动物) are declining or have become extinct. They have been around for a long time - over 350 million years. Why are they dying out now?

Scientists are seriously concerned about this question. First of all, amphibians are an important source of scientific and medical knowledge. By studying amphibians, scientists have learned about new substances that could be very useful for treating human diseases. Further research could lead to many more discoveries, but that will be impossible if the amphibians disappear.

The most serious aspect of amphibian loss, however, goes beyond the amphibians themselves. Scientists are beginning to think about what amphibian decline means for the planet as a whole. If the earth is becoming unlivable for amphibians, is it also becoming unlivable for other kinds of animals and human beings as well?

Scientists now believe that amphibian decline is due to several environmental factors. One of these factors is the destruction of habitat, the natural area where an animal lives. Amphibians are very sensitive to changes in their habitat. If they cannot find the right conditions, they will not lay their eggs. These days, as wild areas are covered with houses, roads, farms, or factories, many kinds of amphibians are no longer laying eggs. For example, the arroyo toad (蟾蜍) of southern California will only lay its eggs on the sandy bottom of a slow-moving stream. There are very few streams left in southern California, and those streams are often muddy because of building projects. Not surprisingly, the arroyo toad is now in danger of extinction. There are a number of other factors in amphibian decline. Pollution is one of them. In many industrial areas, air pollution has poisoned the rain, which then falls on ponds and kills the frogs and toads that live there. In farming areas, the heavy use of chemicals on crops has also killed off amphibians. Another factor is that air pollution has led to increased levels of ultraviolet (UV) light. This endangers amphibians, which seem to be especially sensitive to UV light. And finally, scientists have discovered a new disease that seems to be killing many species of amphibians in different parts of the world.

All these reasons for the disappearance of amphibians are also good reasons for more general concern. The destruction of land, the pollution of the air and the water, the changes in our atmosphere, the spread of diseases - these factors affect human beings, too. Amphibians are especially sensitive to environmental change. Perhaps they are like the canary (金丝雀) bird that coal miners once used to take down into the mines to detect poisonous gases. When the canary became ill or died, the miners knew that dangerous gases were near and their own lives were in danger. 36 Losing amphibians means losing A knowledge about fatal human diseases. B knowledge about air and water pollution. C a chance to discover new medicines.

D an opportunity to detect poisonous gases. 37 Amphibians lay their eggs A in any stream they can find, B in places without UV light, C only on sand.

D only in the right conditions

38 The arroyo toad is disappearing because A it has been threatened by frogs. B it is losing its habitat.

C a disease has been killing its eggs. D it can't bear the cold of winter.

39 Coal miners once used the canary bird to detect A poisonous gases. B air pollution. C water leakage. D radiation.

40 Scientists think that the decline of amphibians could A cause environmental change.

B cause a decline in other kinds of animals. C be a warning signal for human beings. D be a good sign for human beings.

参考答案：36 C 37 D 38 B 39 A 40 C

Controlling Robots with the Mind

Belle, our tiny monkey, was seated in her special chair inside a chamber at our Duke University lab. Her right hand grasped a joystick (操纵杆) as she watched a horizontal series of lights on a display panel. She knew that if a light suddenly shone and she moved the joystick left or right to correspond to its position, she would be sent a drop of fruit juice into her mouth.

Belle wore a cap glued to her head. Under it were four plastic connectors, which fed arrays of microwires-each wire finer than the finest sewing thread- into different regions of Belle's motor cortex (脑皮层), tile brain tissue that plans movements and sends instructions. Each of the 100 microwires lay beside a single motor neuron (神经元). When a neuron produced an electrical discharge, the adjacent microwire would capture the current and send it up through a small wiring bundle that ran from Belle's cap to a box of electronics on a table next to the booth. The box, in turn, was linked to two computers, one next door and the other half a country away.

After months of hard work, we were about to test the idea that we could reliably translate the raw electrical activity in a living being's brain-Belle's mere thoughts-into signals that could direct the actions of a robot. We had assembled a multijointed robot arm in this room, away from Belle's view, which she would control for the first time. As soon as Belle's brain sensed a lit spot on the panel, electronics in the box running two real-time mathematical models would rapidly analyze the tiny action potentials produced by her brain cells. Our lab computer would convert the electrical patterns into instructions that would direct the robot arm. Six hundred miles north, in Cambridge, Mass, a different computer would produce the same actions in another robot arm built by Mandayam A. Srinivasan. If we had done everything correctly, the two robot arms would behave as Belle's arm did, at exactly the same time.

Finally the moment came. We randomly switched on lights in front of Belle, and she immediately moved her joystick back and forth to correspond to them. Our robot arm moved similarly to Belle's real arm. So did Sriniwlsan's. Belle and the robots moved in synchrony (同步), like dancers choreographed (设计舞蹈动作) by the electrical impulses sparking in Belle's mind.

In the two years since that day, our labs and several others have advanced

neuroscience, computer science and microelectronics to create ways for rats, monkeys and eventually humans to control mechanical and electronic machines purely by

\who has been unable to move by a neurological (神经的) disorder or spinal cord (脊髓) injury, but whose motor codex is spared, to operate a wheelchair or a robotic limb. 41 Belle would be fed some fruit juice if she A grasped the joystick.

B moved the joystick to the side of the light. C sat quietly in a special chair.

D watched lights on a display panel.

42 The wires fixed under Belle's cap were connected to A a plastic box next door.

B a computer at Cambridge University, C a box of electronics in the booth.

D a box which, in turn, was linked to two computers

43 Which of the following is NOT true of the robot built by Srinivasan?

A It was directed by signals converted from the electrical activity in Belle's brain B It converted the electrical patterns into instructions for the other robot. C It was six hundred miles away from where Belle was. D It could perform the same function as Belle did.

44 Which of the following statements indicates the success of the experiment? A Belle responded to the robots successfully. B Belle and the robots danced beautifully.

C Belle and the robots responded to the lights at the same time. D The two robots moved the joysticks successively. 45 The short-term goal of the research is to help a person A whose motor cortex is seriously damaged.

B who can operate a wheelchair but not a robotic limb. C who has spinal cord injury but is able to move a wheelchair. D who is unable to move but whose motor cortex is not damaged

参考答案：41 B 42 D 43 B 44 C 45 D

Why is it that flying to New York from London will leave you feeling less tired than flying to London from New York? The answer may be a clear case of biology not being able to keep up with technology.

Deep inside the brain there is a clock that governs every aspect of the body's functioning: sleep and wake cycles, levels of alertness, performance, mood, hormone levels, digestion, body temperature and so on. It regulates all of these functions on a 24-hour basis and is called the biological clock.

This body clocks programmes us to be sleepy twice a day, between 3-5am and again between 3-5pm. Afternoon tea and nap are all cultural responses to our natural biological sleepiness in the afternoon.

One of the major causes of the travelers’ malady known as jet lag is the non-alignment of aperson's internal body clock with clocks in the external world. Crossing different time zones confuses thebiological clock, which then has to adjust to the new time and patterns of light and activity. To make matters more complex, not all internal body functions adjust at the same rate. So your sleep/wake may adjustto a new time zone at one rate, while your temperature adjusts at a different pace. Your digestion may beon a different schedule altogether.

Though we live in a 24-hour day, the natural tendency of the body clock is to extend our day beyond 24 hours. It is contrary to our biological programming to \

That is why traveling in a westward direction is more body-clock friendly than flying east. NASA studies of long haul pilots showed that westward travel was associated with significantly better sleep quantity and quality than eastward flights. When flying west, you are \direction of your internal clock. Flying eastward will involve \your day and is in direct opposition to your internal clock's natural tendency. One of the more common complaints of travelers is that their sleep becomes disrupted. There aremany reasons for this: changing time zones and schedules, changing light and activity levels, trying tosleep when your body clock is

programmed to be awake, disruption of the internal biological clock andworking longer hours.

It is often suggested that you adjust your watch as soon as you board a plane, supposedly to try to help you adjust to your destination’s schedule as soon as you arrive. But it can take the body clock several days to several weeks to fully adjust to a new time zone.

So, our body clock truly can \31.The role of the body clock is to. A. enable us to sleep 6 hours a day B. help us adapt to a 24-hour cycle C. regulate the body's functions

D. interfere with the body's functions

32. The word \A. \B. \C. \D. \

33. Flying in a westward direction will . A. help you sleep better B. increase the degree of jet lag C. shrink your day D. make you overeat

34. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a reason for the disrupted sleep of

travelers? A. Crossing different time zones. B. Changing light and activity levels. C. Working longer hours.

D. Watching out of the plane for a long time. 35. It can be seen from the lasttwo paragraphs that . A. you can control your own body clock B. it is not difficult to adjust to a new time zone C. adjusting your watch can help you avoid jet lag D. there isn’t much you can do to avoid jet lag

参考答案：31. C 32. B 33. A 34. D 35. D

After two decades of discredit, Keynes' prescriptions for state intervention when free markets stumble have returned to dominate the national agenda. For example, any solution to the problem of federal budget deficits will probably involve raising tax revenues and also stimulating employment, the traditional Keynesian priority.

Another of the economic blueprints calls for hiking income taxes while encouraging investment through restored tax breaks for business. To offset higher taxes,

neo-Keynesians revise the old remedy by lowering interest rates, spending less on public works and boosting productivity through the development and application of high technology. \federal budgets and create jobs.”

To some extent, Keynesianism has come back into favor almost by default. Monetarists, let by University of Chicago Professor Emeritus Milton Friedman, espoused their single-minded program; Fend offinflation by strictly controlling the money supple and leave everything else to the free-market which on itsown produces as much growth and employment as an economy can sustain. While supply-siders like Arthur Laffer suggested deep tax cuts in the belief that they would unleash

entrepreneurial energy and easeWashington’s stranglehold on the free market. But the two doctrines have proved unable either to staveoff or to explain the recession during the George Bush administration. Freemarket theories just failed tobuild a viable set of models.

Keynes also owes his comeback to an articulate group of young academics. Among the rising-star disciples are Harvard economist Jeffrey Sachs now knows as \President Bill Clinton. \merely by pumping up spending,\balancing the federal budget and raising investment primarily by increasing taxes. Sachs also argues that more than half of the deficit gap should be closed by tax increases. Both of them urge greater coordination among the G-7 on fiscal and monetary policy as the only way to head off a global recession.

词汇：intervention n.调停、干涉；espouse vt.信奉、采纳；fiscal adj.财政的、会

计的 36. What is the main subject of the topic? A. The celebrated neo-Keynesians. B. The discredit of Keynesianism.

C. The predominance of free-market theories. D. The retroboon of Keynesianism.

37. According to the passage, what is NOT mentioned as the major point of

neo-Keynesianism? A. Slashing tax revenues. B. Lowering interest rates.

C. Increasing taxes. D. Raising investment.

38. The word \

to________. A. an automatic selection B. failure to pay debts C. negligence D. no competitors

39. According to the passage, who are the most notable apostles now spreading the

economic gospel of John M. Keynes? A. Alan Blinder and Jeffrey Sachs B. Alan Blinder and Milton Friedman C. Jeffrey Sachs and Arthur Latter D. Milton Friedman and Arthur Latter

40. According to the passage, what do the neo-Keynesians urge to prevent a world

wide recession? A. Expansion of international trade. B. Dismantling tariff barriers.

C. Financial coordination among big industrialized nations. D. Global investment credit for plant-and-equipment purchases

参考答案：36. D 37. A 38. D 39. A 40. C

More Than a Ride to School

The National Education Association claims.\community.\，unfortunately, what appears on the exterior does not always reflect the reality of a chosen community.They are right——sometimes it reflects more! Just ask Liesl Denson. Riding the school bus has been more than a ride to school for Liesl.

Bruce Hardy.school bus driver for Althouse BUS Company has been Liesl's bus driver since kindergarten.Last year when Liesl's family moved to Parkesburg，knowing her bus went by her new residence.she requested to ride the same bus This year Liesl is a senior and will enjoy her last year riding the bus.She says，\friend and a good listener.Sometimes when you're a child adults do not think that what you have to say is important.Mr.Hardy always listens to what you have to say and makes you feel important.''Her friends Ashley Batista and Amanda Wolfe agree. Bruce Hardy has been making Octorara students feel special since 1975. This year he will celebrate 30 years working for Althouse Bus Company，Larry Althouse，president of the company, acknowledges Bruce Hardy's outstanding record：\not come by employees like Bruce these days. He has never missed a day of work and has a perfect driving record.He was recognized in 2000 by the Pennsylvania School Bus Association for driving 350,000 accident free miles.Hardy's reputation is made further evident through the relationships he has made with the students that ride his bus.\

Althouse further adds，''Althouse Bus Company was established 70 years ago and has been providing quality transportation ever since.My grandfather started the

business with one bus. Althouse Bus Company is delighted to have the opportunity to bring distinctive and safe service to our local school and community and looks forward to continuing to provide quality service for many more years to come.'' Three generations of business is not all the company has enjoyed.Thanks to

drivers like Bruce Hardy，they have been building relationships through generations，Liesl's mother Carol also enjoys fond memories of riding Bruce Hardy's bus to the Octorara School District.

31 The word\A \B \C \D \

32 Bruce Hardy has been working with Althouse Bus Company A for 30 years. B for 70 years. C since last year. D since 2000

33 Which of the following statements is NOT true of Bruce Hardy? A He is popular with his passengers. B He has never missed a day of work. C He is an impatient person

D He has driven 350.000 accident free miles. 34 Althouse Bus Company was founded by A Larry Althouse. B Althouse's grandfather C Liesl's mother D Ashley Batista.

35 Althouse Bus Company pays much attention to A employing young drivers B running quality schools. C providing free driving lessons D building sound relationships.

参考答案：

31 D mirror和reflection都有\反映\的意思。reflection的动词是reflect，在第一段中出现了两次。vehicle是\交通工具\，device是\装置\， need是\需要\

32 A 该题问的是：Bruce Hardy为Althouse公交公司工作了多少年了?第四段的第二句话是这么说的：今年，他要庆祝为AM.house公交公司工作30年。 33 c 该题问的是：下面的哪一种说法不符合Brice Hardy实际情况?A和B可见于第三段第二行。D可见于第四段的后半部分。c说的是：Bruce Hardy不耐心。第三段说到了Bruce Hardy是一个很好的听众，他总是听着你要说的话。可见，说Bruce Hardy不耐心不符合实际情况。

34 B 该题问的是：谁创立了Althouse公交公司?A说的是：Larry

Althouse.Larry .Althouse是公司的总裁。B说的是：Althouse的祖父。倒数第二段有这样一句话：我(Althouse)的祖父开始经营时只有一辆公共汽车。可见，B是正确答案。

35 D 该题问的是：Althouse公交公司注重什么?A说的是：雇用年轻司机。B说的是：经营素质学校。c：提供免费驾驶课程。D：建立良好的关系。

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