chapter 1-matter and measurement-3,4 (2)

YanqinLi

College of Chemistry---Faculty of Chemical,

Environmental and Biological Science and Technology

Contact information:

YanqinLi -------college of Chemistry

------李艳芹, 化环生学部化学学院Research: optoelectronic functional materialsOffice: Chemistry building, Room D-413Tel: 0411-84986040E-mail: Name of TA: ShixiangMeng(Room C-519,

Chemistry building)

2

General Chemistry

Introduction:

A required course for school of mechanical engineering, school of architecture and other non-chemistry major undergraduate students in DLUT.

teaching period: one semester (48 class hours)

Experiments: Experimental Center of Chemistry (24 class hours) Assessment: 1, questions, homework and quiz (10%, 10 points)

2, experiments (20%, 20 points)3, final exam (70%, 70 points)

Please download PPT files of lectures by A free public e-mail box:password: abc12345

References:

Theodore L. Brown et al.

Chemistry, The Central Science, 10th editionTheodore L. Brown; H. Eugene LeMay, Jr.; and

Bruce E. Bursten

General Chemistry

Talking something about chemistryWhat is chemistry???

……

Chemistry is the study of matterand all of the changes that can happen to it.

For that reason it is central to our understanding of how the world works.Key-point:study of matter;

study of the properties and changes of matter;

study of the energy associated with those changes.

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to memorize the following elements in the periodic table……

EnglishnameHydrogenHelium

Chinesname氫氦

SymbolsHHe

EnglishnameSodiumMagnesium

Chinesename鈉鎂

SymbolsNaMg

EnglishnameBromineIodine

Chinesename溴碘

SymbolsBrI

Lithium鋰LiAluminium鋁AlBarium鋇Ba

BerylliumBoron

鈹硼

BeB

SiliconPhosphorus

硅磷

SiP

CopperZinc

銅鋅

CuZn

CarbonNitrogenOxygenFluorine

碳氮氧氟

CNOF

SulphurChlorineArgonPotassium

硫氯氬鉀

SClArK

IronLeadMercurySilver

鐵鉛汞銀

FePbHgAg

Neon氖NeCalcium鈣CaTin錫Sn

General Chemistry

Contents:

Section I: the Structure of MattersSection II: Chemical Thermodynamics

Section III: Chemical Kinetics Section IV: Acid-Base Equilibrium

Section V: Precipitation-Solubility EquilibriumSection VI: Electrochemistry

Section VII: Chemistry and Materials

key-point: “the structure of matters”,

look at macroscopic world-discuss with microscopic

particles of atoms and molecules

Section I: the Structure of Matters

Chapter I Introduction: Matter and MeasurementChapter 2 Atomic theory and NomenclatureChapter 3 Electronic Structure of AtomsChapter 4 Periodic Properties of the ElementsChapter 5 Chemical bonding and Bonding theoriesChapter 6 Intermolecular Forces

Section I: the Structure of Matters

Chapter I

Introduction: Matter and Measurement

1.1 Matter

1.2 Properties and Changes of Matter1.3 Units of Measurements

1.1 Matter

What is Matter ?

Matter:

Other examples: salt, sugar, water, N2

, air

Classification of matter

Classification scheme for matter.

At the chemical level all matter is classified ultimately as

elements, compounds and mixtures

Sand+water

Salt+water

Classification of mixture

Separation of mixtures

is often easily separated into its components by simple techniques such as filteringor decanting.

is often separated into its components by DistillationandChromatography.

Filtration:

Separation by filtration.

A mixture of a solid and a liquid is poured through a filter paper.

The liquid passes through the paper while the solid remains on the paper.

Distillation:

Boiling the solution evaporates the water, which is condensed, then collected in the receiving flask.

After all the water has boiled away, pure sodium chloride remains in the boiling flask.

Separates homogeneous mixture on the basis of differences in boiling point.Separation of salt water by distillation

Chromatography:

Separates substances on the basis of differences in solubility in a solvent.

Separation of ink into components by paper chromatography.

Beaker:

(a) Water begins to move up the paper.

(b) Water moves past the ink spot, dissolving different components of the ink at different rates.

(c) Water has separated the ink into its several different components.

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