高考英语易考词汇变形归纳与总结
更新时间:2024-04-20 13:08:01 阅读量: 综合文库 文档下载
高考易考词汇变形分析与总结
形容词加ness变名词 dark--darkness, good--goodness,
happy--happiness, careful--carefulness,
sad-sadness,
ill-illness,
careless--carelessness, kind-kindness,
tired-tiredness,
lonely--loneliness, great-greatness, busy--business,
动词加ment变名词
ease--easiness
fit--fitness, friendly--friendliness
develop--development, move--movement, improve--improvement, achieve--achievement, arrange--arrangement, manage--management, assign--assignment, agree--agreement, enjoy--enjoyment, govern--government, judge--judgement/judgment, pay--payment, appoint--appointment, establish--establishment, equip--equipment
名词变成形容词: 1.名词后加-y, 如:
luck→lucky; cloud→cloudy; wind→windy; rain→rainy; sun→sunny; snow→snowy;
2.在名词后加-ly, 如:
noise-noisy; health→healthy
friend→friendly;love→lovely;day→daily; brother→brotherly; mother→motherly
3.方位名词加-ern,如:
east→eastern; west→western; south→southern; north→northern
形容词后缀
(1)带有“属性,倾向,相关”的含义 1)-able, -ible: movable, comfortable, applicable, visible, responsible 2)-al: natural, additional, educational 3)-an: urban, suburban, republican 4)-ant, -ent: distant, important, excellent 5)-ar: similar, popular, regular 6)-ary: military, voluntary
7)-ic, ical: politic, systematic, historic, physical, 8)-ing: moving, touching, daring 9)-ish: foolish, bookish, selfish 10)-ive: active, impressive, decisive 11)-ory: satisfactory, compulsory
(2) 表示“相象,类似”的含义 1)-ish: boyish, childish 2)-like: manlike, childlike 3)-ly: manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly 4)-some: troublesome, handsome 5)-y: milky, pasty
(3) 表示“充分的”含义 1)-ful: beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful 2)-ous: dangerous, generous, courageous, various 3)-ent: violent,
(4) 表示由某种物质形成,制成或生产的含义 1)-en: wooden, golden, woolen 2)-fic: scientific
(5) 表示方向的含义 1)-ern: eastern, western 2)-ward: downward, forward
(6) 表示“数量关系”的含义 1)-teen: thirteen, fourteen 2)-ty: fifty, forty
3)-th: fourth, fifth, ninth, fiftieth
(7) 表示国籍,语种,宗教的含义 1)-an: Roman, European 2)-ese: Chinese, 3)-ish: English, Spanish
(8) 表示“比较程度”的含义 1)-er: greater 2)-ish: reddish, yellowish 3)-est: highest 4)-most: foremost, topmost
(9)其他的含义
-less表示否定: careless, countless, stainless, wireless
形容词变副词的一般规则
形容词变副词通常是加ly,其变化有规律可循,请记住以下口诀:
一般直接加,“元e”去e加,“辅y”改i加,“le”结尾e改y。 分别举例如下:quick-quickly; true-truly; happy-happily; possible-possibly 具体规则如下: 1. 一般情况下直接加“ly”
如:quick—quickly; polite—politely; sad—sadly; immediate—immediately; recent-recently; nice—nicely;
complete—completely;
polite —politely; wide —widely; active —actively; rude — rudely 2. 辅音字母加e结尾的形容词一般直接加-ly。 如:polite—politely; wide—widely; wise—wisely; nice—nicely 以元音字母加e结尾的形容词,要去掉e再加-ly。 如:true—truly;
due—duly
3. 以“y”结尾的,且读音为 / i /, 先将“y”改成“i”,再加“ly”, 如:happy—happily; heavy—heavily; angry—angrily; busy—busily
但是如果读音为 / ai /,直接加ly,如:dry--dryly; sly--slyly(会意地;会心地); shy---shyly 4. 以ic 结尾的词,加ally,
如: economic—economically; basic—basically; scientific—scientifically; automatic—automatically; energetic—energetically; 但是public--publicly 例外。 5. 以辅音字母加le结尾时,去e加y, 如:simple—simply;
considerable—considerably;
terrible—terribly; gentle—gently;
possible—possibly; probable—probably;
incredible—incredibly; gentle—gently;
comfortable—comfortably; sensible—sensibly (明智地; 理智地)
元音字母加le时加 ly,如:sole—solely(仅仅)。但是whole—wholly例外。 6. 以-ll结尾时,只须加 –y,如:dull—dully; shrill—shrilly(尖锐地) 需注意: 有些以ly结尾的词是形容词而非副词。
如:friendly people; motherly care; a lovely dog; monthly exam; heavenly peace; a manly sport; a lively class 语法填空1
1. All the students arrived __________(due) except Tom.
2. The government is not __________(whole) to blame for the current crisis.(当前的危机不能完全归罪于政府.)
3. It is ____________(incredible) difficult to fit everyone in.(为每一个人都找到合适的位置是极其困难的.)
4. Jim and Mary smiled ________(shy) at each other.
5. “I suppose so,” he said _________(dull). “我想是吧,”他木然地说道. 6. The book is ____________(basic) a love story.
7. I hate it when he talks like that ____________(public).(我讨厌他在公开场合那样说话.) 8. He looks so _________(man) in his uniform.(他穿着制服真显得英姿焕发.) 答案: 1.duly
2.wholly
3.incredibly 4.shyly
5.dully 6.basically 7.publicly 8.manly
语法填空2:
Li Ming had dipped into many jobs. At first, he was hired as a _______(decorate). But soon he disliked the job because it was tiring. He resigned and went to a telephone office to be an ________(operate). However, he quit after only six months in the job, for it was too boring. For one reason or another, he got crazy about the oceangoing voyage, so he become a _______(sail). But soon he felt too lonely on the sea and gave it up. He worked respectively as _________(conduct) in a bus, ________(edit) in a newspaper and __________(translate) in a magazine, but he did not stay there more than one year. Later he went to a ________(council) of life, who had received thousands of _________(visit). She told him that he first should do what he really liked and that he must have great patience and perseverance. Soon after, seeing a film directed by Zhang Yimou, he set his goal to be a film __________(direct). But he wanted to become a famous ________(act) first. Ten years later, Li Ming eventually realized his dream. From the story above, we can safely draw a conclusion: All of us must have our own dream in case it should come true.
语法填空2:
Li Ming had dipped into many jobs. At first, he was hired as a _______(decorate). But soon he disliked the job because it was tiring. He resigned and went to a telephone office to be an ________(operate). However, he quit after only six months in the job, for it was too boring. For one reason or another, he got crazy about the oceangoing voyage, so he become a _______(sail). But soon he felt too lonely on the sea and gave it up. He worked respectively as _________(conduct) in a bus, ________(edit) in a newspaper and __________(translate) in a magazine, but he did not stay there more than one year. Later he went to a ________(council) of life, who had received thousands of _________(visit). She told him that he first should do what he really liked and that he must have great patience and perseverance. Soon after, seeing a film directed by Zhang Yimou, he set his goal to be a film __________(direct). But he wanted to become a famous ________(act) first. Ten years later, Li Ming eventually realized his dream. From the story above, we can safely draw a conclusion: All of us must have our own dream in case it should come true.
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