2015年广东学位英语复习资料

2015年广东非英语专业学位英语复习纲要

2015-3-1

?广东省学位英语考试介绍 ?词汇与语法

词汇与语法

?4250→→→1800?(词汇归纳记忆)

500→→→200 ? (重点词组点拨）（例题）

?记忆法宝：词缀

?题型特点：题数多分数少 40题 20分

时间短 “一秒钟”

?范围：“三最”：最基本的语法知识、最常见的固搭，最明显的词义辨析

重点语法及答题技巧分析

①名词、代词、冠词、连词、数词特殊用法 ③副词,介词(短语),动词短语

④非谓语动词→→不定式，动名词，现在分词，过去分词

⑤虚拟语气，强调句，主谓一致-(真题回顾)，倒装句,反义疑问句,各类从句 ⑥比较级，最高级

⑦时态→→一般现在时、将来时，现在进行时，完成时

?复习方法

单词：⑴利用词缀巧记忆→⑵归类法以触类旁通→⑶词义辨析多接触→⑷落实习题印象深 语法：⑴分类归块→⑵结合实例加以理解→⑶做题消化→⑷总结、记忆

?做题方法：

先易后难→→找准考点→→排除再排除 重点词组点拨---例题

1. There are many inconveniences that have to be _______when you are camping.（07年真题） A. put up with B. put down to C. put off D. put away (P242)

2. \ my school loans.\（07年真题） A. pay out B. pay back

C. pay down D. pay for (P242)

3. ________, gold is treasured not only for its beauty but also for its utility. （07年真题） A. In conclusion B. In contrast

C. In addition D. In comparison (P236)

4. The factory had to _____ number of employees because of the economic decline in the country. A. lay out B. lay off

C. lay aside D. lay down (P238)

5. Don’t worry me now, I will mend that coat _____. A. by and by (P231) B. off and on (P240) C. back an forth (P230) D. now and then now and then 偶尔，有时

6. Would you please ____the TV a little? The children are doing their homework. turn on B. turn off C. turn up D. turn down

7. We tried to find a table for seven, but they were all __. A. given away B. kept away C. taken up D. used up

8. My boss did not _____from his desk when I entered his office. A. look out B. look around C. look down D. look up

9. Herman’s success is ______ his hard work and his academic ability. A. used to B. equal to C. due to D. close to

重点词缀

1.表示否定意义的前缀

dis-, in-, im-, un-, ir-, non-, il-, de-, anti-,

如：dishonest, dislike, disappear, disappoint, disadvantage, disconnect, incapable, indirect, immoral, impossible, illegal, unable, uncover, unlucky, decrease, antiwar, antiknock

2.名词后缀

-er, -or, -ist, -ics, -ism, -tion, -ment, -ness, -th, -ity, -ure, -ship, -hood

①从事某种职业或动作的人： worker, runner, professor, doctor, actor, physicist, pianist, chemist, psychologist

②学科：physics, economics, athletics

③行为，状态，过程及其结果： treatment, appointment, movement, astonishment ④性质，程度: goodness, kindness, sadness, tiredness, friendliness, happiness

⑤身份，职业，情况 :hardship, friendship, childhood, neighborhood ⑥其他 :

depth, truth, length, growth, pressure, failure, procedure, reality, ability, purity, socialism, communism, modernization, realization, action, determination, solution, decision, hesitation, transportation, invitation, generation, expectation, explanation,

impression,

3. 形容词后缀

-able, -al, -ial, -ish, -ive, -ly, -ful, -ous, -less

movable, eatable, comfortable, applicable,

responsible, natural, additional, educational, potential, essential, official, foolish, selfish,

active, sensitive, impressive, decisive, childish, likely, lovely, lonely, deadly, beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful, dangerous, respectful, peaceful, grateful, generous, various, countless, wireless, hopeless, helpless

4. 动词词缀

-ize, -en, -fy, -ish, -ate, -ate

modernize, quicken, weaken, soften, beautify, purify, qualify, intensify, simplify, finish, abolish, diminish, establish, separate, operate, indicate,

重点合成词 ? 复合名词：

hardware, highway, businessman, network, bystander，weekend, spacecraft, passer-by, by-product, side-effect ? 复合形容词：

kind-hearted, state-owned, duty-free, large-scale, far-reaching ? 合成动词：

overthrow, uphold, undergo，overcome ?合成代词：

someone, somewhere, everybody, nowhere, everything, nothing

最常见的固搭 1.break 2.bring 3.call 4.carry 5.come 6.get 7. give 8. go

?名词所有格： ’s, of ?名词与主谓一致 Mary and Linda’s book Mary’s and Linda’s books.

?人名+’s=某人的店铺，家庭，学校等地点。

I usually buy some meat at the Johnson’s. They took part in the birthday party at Tom’s.

? of 所有格名词词组第二次出现时，用that/those 代替。 The population of New York is greater than that of Chicago. 纽约的人口比芝加哥多。

?双重所有格（一定用名词性物主代词） One friend of mine mentioned it.

?双重所有格& “of+名词”

He is a friend of my father’s. (侧重父亲的朋友不只一个。) He is a friend of my father. (侧重“他”是父亲的朋友)

?人称代词顺序：

第二人称(you) , 第三人称(he,she,they), 第一人称(I,we) ? 不定代词

与形容词的位置、反义疑问句、作主语（单数） 练习

?I don’t know _____ standing over there. ?the girl’s name B. the name’s girl

?the name of the girl D. the name’s of girl 2. Today’s libraries differ great from _______. ?the past B. those of the past C. that are past D. those past

3. The police investigate the ______ about the bank robbery. A. stander-by B. standers-by C. stander-bys D.standers-bys 1. the +adj.

the unemployed the poor/rich the questioned the struggled

the disadvantaged the injured the old the young

2. 零冠词的使用

?专有名词： Tiananmen Square

?节假日: New Year’s Day, May day, Christmas, April Fools’ Day

?杂志： News Week, Times, Reader’s Digest

?一年四季: spring, summer, fall/autumn, winter

(中秋，端午例外)

3. 学位英语中常遇到的固定搭配及与冠词有关的表达 ?使用定冠词的表达 by the way on the whole in the end on the way to tell the truth

in the possession of

?使用不定冠词的表达

as a matter of fact, as a rule, have a chance, have a good time, have a say, have a try, keep an eye on, on a large scale, in a hurry, take a walk, take an interest in

?不使用冠词的表达

at noon/night/dawn, in front of, at bottom, in order, in public/private/danger/trouble/advance/sight/

in fashion, in fact, at hand, at last, at present, day and night, on top of, take part in, take place

连词重点点拨

一、连词属于虚词之一，它不能在句子里独立地担任句子成分，而只能起连接作用?a?a连接词与词、短语与短语、句子与句子。例如： Would you like some tea or coffee ?

（连接词与词）您是喝茶，还是喝咖啡 ？

Do we have our meeting in the morning or in the afternoon ? （连接短语与短语）

我们是上午开会，还是下午开会？

Do it carefully, or you’ll make some mistake.

（连接句子与句子）认真地干，不然会出差错的。

二、连词主要可分成两类：

①并列连词（Coordinating Conjunctions）:用来连接平行对等（即互不从属）的词、词组、或分句。按其表示的不同意思有下面几种：

1）表示转折意思

but , yet , however , nevertheless 2）表示因果关系

for , so , therefore , hence 3）表示并列关系

and , or , either…or , neither…nor , not only…but (also) , both…and , as well as

②从属连词（Subordinating Conjunctions）:是用来引起从句的，它在主句和从句中间起连接作用。具体地说，从属连词主要引起名词从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位

语从句）和状语从句，不会引起定语从句。

1. 引起名词从句的连词：that , whether , if 2. 引起状语从句的连词： 1）时间状语从句：when , whenever , as , while, before , after, until, till, since, ever since, once, as soon as, every time, the moment, instantly, directly 2）地点状语从句：where , wherever

3）原因状语从句：as, because, since, seeing(that) , considering (that) , now that , not that…but that

4）目的状语从句：that , so that , in order that , lest , for fear that , in case

5）结果状语从句：that , so … that , such … that 6）条件状语从句：if , unless , so/as long as, so far as, on condition (that ) ,provided ( that ) 7）让步状语从句：though , although , no matter , even if , even though , however , whatever 8）比较状语从句：than , as

9）方式状语从句：as , as if , as though

写作中常用的过渡词可以分为以下几类：

（1）表并列关系的过渡词： and, also， as well, as well as， or, too, not only…but also, both … and, either … or, neither…nor等。

（2）表递进关系的过渡词：

besides, in addition（加之，除……之外）, moreover(此外，而且), what’s more， what’s worse等。

（3）表转折对比的过渡词：

but, however, yet, instead, on the other hand, on the contrary, although, different from, despite, in spite of, whereas, unlike, not only…but also, the former…the latter, the first… whereas the second, on the one hand … on the other hand, some…others等。

（4）表原因的过渡词：

because, because of, since, as, for, now that, thanks to, due to, for this reason, owing to, considering that, seeing that等。

（5）表结果的过渡词：

so, thus, therefore, as a result, so that, then, hence, so…that, such…that, accordingly等。

（6）表条件的过渡词：

if, unless, on condition that, as/so long as等。

（7）表时间的过渡词：

when, while, after, before, until, as soon as, later, afterwards, soon, lately, recently, since, from then on, eventually, in the meantime, then, suddenly, at the same time, next, early this morning / year / century, after a while, in a few days, now, presently, finally, at last, all of a sudden, form now on, at present, immediately, the moment等。

（8）表特定的顺序关系的过渡词：

first, firstly, second, secondly, third, thirdly, above all, first of all, then, next, finally, in the end, at last, afterwards（后来）, meanwhile（几乎同时）, thereafter（在那以后）, last, finally, eventually（终于）等。

（9）表换一种方式表达的过渡词：

in other words, that is to say, to put it another way等。

（10）表进行举例说明的过渡词：

for instance, for example, take … as an example, namely, such as, like, in other words, that is to say, that is等。

（11）表陈述事实的过渡词：

in fact, actually, as a matter of fact, to tell you the truth等。

（12）表强调的过渡词：

certainly, indeed, above all, surely, most important, in fact, no doubt, without any doubt, truly, of course, actually, as a matter of fact, chiefly, especially, primarily, in particular, undoubtedly, absolutely等。

（13）表比较、对比的过渡词：

like, unlike, in the same way, similarly, be similar to, on the contrary, by contrast, on one hand…, on the other hand, otherwise 等。

（14）表目的的过渡词：

for this reason, for this purpose, so that, in order to, so as to等。

（15）表总结的过渡词：

in a word(总之，简言之), in general, in short(总之), generally speaking, to sum up, finally, in conclusionin summary, on the whole等。

（16）表增补的过渡词：in addition, furthermore, besides, moreover, what’s more等。

数词重要点拨

一、基数词及其主要用法：

表示数目的词称基数词。 15 fifteen 242

two hundred and forty-two， 5058

five thousand and fifty-eight，

9,600,000 nine million six hundred thousand

1.基数词可以用于数字的计算。 ? 6+8=14 Six plus eight is fourteen. ? 9-7=2 Nine minus seven is two.

? 7X5= 35 Seven times five is thirty-five. ? 8÷4=2 Eight divided by four is two.

2．基数词可以表示人的大致年龄和年代。 ? He died in his fifties. ? This took place in 1990s/1990's. ? The professor became successful in his thirties.

3．基数词可以用来表达年份、时间、电话号码。 ? 1700

?seventeen hundred ? 1814

?eighteen fourteen ? 9:20 ?nine twenty ? 11:30

?eleven thirty/ half past eleven ? 5:45

?five forty-five/ a quarter to six

4．基数词可以用于编号。

? Number six, line 4, page 19, Bus (No.) 332, Platform (No.) 5, Room 101

5．基数词可以和其他词一起构成合成形容词，在句子中作定语。 ?A one-month-old baby can recognize its mother by smell.

?This eleven-month-old baby can speak a few words. ?(The baby is eleven months old.)

? The teacher asked us to write a four-thousand-word essay as our homework. ? (There are four thousand words in the essay.)

?This four-paragraph essay is too difficult for me to understand. ?

(There are four paragraphs in this essay. )

二、序数词及其主要用法

表示顺序的词称为序数词。如first, second, third, fourth, ninth, twenty-first, forty-fifth等。 序数词可以用来表示日期和世纪。May the first / the first of May(5.1), August the eighth / the eighth of August(8.8), the twentieth century, the twenty-first century 序数词在句子中前面一般加the

? The first of October is our National Day. ? She was the third to arrive.

序数词在句子中前面加不定冠词，表示\再一\又一\。 ? They'll have to do it a second time. ? Shall I ask him a third time?

? When he sat down , a fourth man rose to ask.

三、分数词的构成

分数的分子用基数词表示，分母用序数词表示； 若分子大于1，分母需用复数。 ?two-thirds ?(2/3), ?one-third ?(1/3),

?nine-tenths (9/10), ?(5/12)

?five-twelfths

特殊表达法有：one half (1/2),a quarter (1/4), three quarters (3/4) 。

数词部分需特别注意dozen, hundred, million, billion 等词。 表示具体数字时，这些词用单数形式；

表示不具体的数字时，须用dozens of, hundreds of 这类的结构。

? I want three dozen of these. ? He has been there dozens of times. ? It is reported that _____ people in this area were saved in the storm.

? A. hundred B. hundred of C. hundreds of D. some hundreds ?(答案 C)

当数词与名词构成合成形容词时，合成形容词中间若用连字符，则其中的名词须用单数形式。

? The homework for the next period is to write a two-hundred-word composition about your hometown.

? Mary is a eleven-year-old girl. ? (Mary is eleven years old.)

倒装句考点归纳

?英语句子通常有两种语序：

陈述语序、倒装语序。

?将谓语的一部分或全部置于主语之前的语序叫做倒装语序。 ?倒装可分为二种：将整个谓语提到主语之前的叫完全倒装；而只将

?(1)在以here、there、now、then等副词开头的句子里。

be 、情态动词或者助

动词放在主语之前的叫做部分倒装。学位考试考察的重点是部分倒装。 一、完全倒装

?1.Here is the seat for you. ?2.There goes the bell. ?3.Now comes your turn.

?4.Then followed three days of heavy rain.

?注意：主语是人称代词时，则不需倒装。 ?Here he comes. ?Here it is.

? (3)在象声词或以out, in, up, down, away等副词开头的句子里。 ? Out rushed the children. ? Off went the horses.

二、部分倒装

?(1)Only在句首，修饰副词，介词词组或状语从句时

?1.Only then did he find it important to get along with others. ?2.Only in this way can we make great progress. ?3.Only after he came back were you able to see him.

?以关联连词not only...but also开首的句子或者分句也是如此。

?Not only did they break into his office, but they also destroy his computer.

?In no case _____ be late for the annual board meeting to be held next Friday. ?A. should you B. you should ?C. will you D. you will ?答案：A （2007学位英语真题）

?Not until the mid-1950s ____ most automakers begin offering seat belts as optional safety

features.

? A. did B. had C. do D. would ?答案：A (2008年学位英语真题)

?No sooner____ the top of the mountain than it started raining cats and dogs. ?A. did the climbers reached ?B. the climbers reached

?C. have the climbers reached ?D. had the climbers reached

?答案：D (2005年学位英语真题)

?记住以下考点：

?______, the police would have caught the criminal earlier. ?A. Had they received the clue in time ?B. If they received the clue in time

?C. They have received the clue in time ?D. Did they receive the clue in time ?答案：A (2005年学位英语真题)

?As his advisor, I believe that he is bound to accomplish much at your university ＿＿he be

admitted.

? A. might B. whether ? C. had D. should

?答案：D （2007年学位英语真题）

?记住以下考点：

?Though I am always free on Sundays, I seldom watch television. _____ . ?A. So does my sister ?B. My sister doesn’t

?C. My sister is too ?D. Nor does my sister

?答案：D (2007年学位英语真题)

?As a matter of fact, our life styles are changing and ＿＿ our bodies changing .

?A. as such B. so such C. such as D. so are ?答案：D (2007年学位英语真题)

?注意以下考点：

?(5)当So位于句首，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一人（或物）时。如： ?Her mother is a warm-hearted old lady, so is mine. ?

?在So it is (was) with 的句型或者当So表示“的确如此，确实是这样”，以示同意和肯定某种

说法，或者加以强调时，常常不引起倒装。

?Li Ping studies hard, so he does. ?因此我们常常可看到下列这类句子。

? You say Tom went to the ball yesterday. So he did, and so did I.

?____, Bob still went on with the experiment. ?A. As he was tired ?B. As was he tired ?C. Tired as he was ?D. As tired as he

?答案：C (2008年6月学位英语真题)

?注意以下考点：

巧记倒装句

?下面的顺口溜可以帮助你较容易地掌握其结构。 ? ① NB前倒后不， ? ② O,NU主倒从不倒， ? ③ 2N前倒后也倒， ? ④ NM前后均不倒。

?①NB代表Not only…，but also…引导的并列句。 not only位于句首时，所引导的前面的

分句倒装，后面的分句不倒装。故此称为“前倒后不倒”。如：

?Not only did he come，but also he was very happy．

?1.─You like singing and dancing.

─ .

A. So do I B. So I do C.I do so D. do I so

?2.Her mother is a warm-hearted old lady. . A. So my mother is B. So is my mother C. Is my mother so D. My mother so is

?Not until sixteen to school. A. he was；did he go B. he was；he went C. was he；he did go D. was he；went he

?Hardly when it began to rain.

A. had he got home B. he had got home C. had got home he D. he home had got

?A. B. A. A.

?Little . A. did I think of it B. I thought of it C. did think I of it D. thought of it I

?Never before in her life ?So busy such beautiful and precious jewelry.

A. he saw B. did he see C. has she seen D. she has seen that he has no time to spare. A. he was B. was he C. he is D. is he

?Only in this way ? A. C.

.

A. we can well do it B. can we well do it C. we can do it well D. can we do it well

D. D.

? ,he continued his study.

A. Late as it was B. As it was late

C. Late although it was D. Although was it late

?____as young as you ,I would study hard.

A. Was I B. Were I C. If I am D. If I was

?Next door to us ____

A. lives an old man, who is an overseas Chinese

B. does an old man live, who is an overseas Chinese C. an old man lives who is an overseas Chinese D. an old man who is an overseas Chinese does live

?On the top of the hill .

A. does a temple stand B. a temple stands there C. stands a temple D. a temple stands

?A. B. A. C.

?1. I visited Zhangjiajie last summer. Never in my life ______ so beautiful a place like that. ? A. I had seen B. did I see C. have I seen D. I shall see ?答案 C

?2. _______ the importance of wearing seat belts while driving. ? A. Little they realize B. They little do realize ? C. Little realize do they D. Little do they realize ?答案 D

?3. \ ? \

? A. neither was B. nor did C. neither D. nor was ?答案 B

?4. _______ the words to the songs, but he also composes (作曲) the music. ? A. He also writes B. Although he writes ? C. Not only does he write D. Even if he writes ?答案 C

?5. No sooner ______ than the jeep started off.

? A. his luggage was loaded B. had his luggage been loaded ? C. loaded his luggage D. his luggage was being loaded ?答案 B

?6. Scarcely had he gone out ________.

? A. that it started to snow B. that it started to snow ? C. when it started to snow D. and it started to snow ? no sooner……than；scarcely……when； ?答案 C ?7. \ ? \

? A. Nor do I B. Neither do I C. Either do I D. So do I ?答案 D

?8. No sooner _______ got to the station than it began to rain heavily. ? A. had I B. have I C. I had D. I have ?答案 A

?9. ________, Mr. Brown couldn't keep the shop properly. ? A. As he worked hard B. As he worked hardly ? C. Hard as he worked D. Hardly as he worked

?答案 C

?10. Hardly _______ when the bus suddenly pulled away.

? A. they had got to the bus stop B. they got to the bus stop

? C. did they get to the bus stop D. had they got to the bus stop ?pull away 开走，离开 ? 答案 D

?11. \ ? \

? A. Either B. Whether C. Neither D. No ?答案 C

?12. \ ? \

? A. So have her brothers B. So her brothers have

? C. Her brothers have too D. So have been her brothers ?答案 A

adv.

barely 42 certainly 55 definitely 72 especially 86 eventually 86 evidently 86 freely 98

fortunately 97

literally 128 merely 134 moreover 138 mostly 138 much 138 namely 140 necessarily 141 nevertheless142 normally 143 obviously 145

反义疑问句（重点类型） 1. 陈述部分带有否定词，疑问部分为肯定式。如：few, hardly, little, never, no, nobody, nothing, rarely, scarcely, seldom

You found nobody to help you, ___ ___? You found nobody to help you, did you?

2. 陈述部分的谓语是wish,疑问部分是may+主语 I wish to do something for you, ___ ____? I wish to do something for you, may I?

3. 陈述部分的谓语是have/have to do, 疑问部分为don’t +主语 I have to get the ticket four days ahead, don’t I?

4. 陈述部分谓语是must, 疑问部分则根据实际情况来定。 You must be thirsty, ___ ___? You must be thirsty, aren’t you?

He must have drunk a lot of beer last night, ____ ___? He must have drunk a lot of beer last night, didn’t you?

She must be going to be promoted, ___ ___? She must be going to be promoted, won’t she?

Mike must have finished his homework, ___ ____? Mike must have finished his homework, hasn’t he?

5. 如果陈述部分是由believe, expect, imagine, think等词引导宾语从句，疑问部分动词以从句中的谓语动词而定，否定与肯定则与主句相反。

I can’t imagine how pretty she is, ___ ___? I can’t imagine how pretty she is, is she?

I expect he enjoys the party, ____ ____? I expect he enjoys the party, doesn’t he?

She never believes her dream will come true, ___ __? She never believes her dream will come true, will it?

6. 如果陈述部分是祈使句，疑问部分应用shall, will, 或won’t. Have more coffee, won’t you? Don’t be so impatient, will you?

7. Let起始的反义疑问句，疑问部分用shall we, will you或won’t you. Let’s do it, shall we? Let us do it, will you?

8. 陈述部分以there be起始，疑问部分用be there反问。 There is no water in the glass, is there?

There will be problems to be solved, won’t there?

9. 陈述部分是感叹句，疑问部分用动词否定式。 What a big house, ___ ___? What a big house, isn’t it?

What a big house!=What a big house it is!

How hard he tried, ___ ___? How hard he tried, didn’t he?

10. 陈述部分的主语为不定代词someone, somebody, everyone, everybody, nobody时，疑问部分的主语用代词they.

Nobody called me while I was out, ____ ____? Nobody called me while I was out, did they? Everybody is excited at the great news, ___ ___? Everybody is excited at the great news, aren’t they?

1. You never told us his phone number, _______?

A. hadn't you B. didn't you C. had you D. did you

?答案 D

2. I don't think you've heard of him before, ________?

A. don't I B. do I C. have you D. haven't you

?答案 C

3. Mountains can be very dangerous, ________?

A. can't they B. aren't they C. don't they C. won't they

? 答案 A

4. \

\

A. isn't it B. doesn't it C. wasn't it D. hasn't it

?答案 D

5. Beginners have to learn from their mistakes, _______ they?

A. haven't B. mustn't C. don't D. aren't learn from 从……学到 ?答案 C

6. \

\ A. wasn't B. isn't C. is D. was

?答案 C

7. Let's try a bit harder, _______?

A. will we B. shall we C. do we D. are we

?答案 B

主谓一致 时态与语态

?汉语的时态大多是通过副词来表达的，而英语的时态是靠动词的变化和时间状语来表达的。

?英语中的时态共有16种，但是常考的或较常用的只有9种，而且重点是完成时态。 ?要掌握英语的时态和语态，必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do, be, have)和时间状语这两个核心问题。

?1、一般现在时

?主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语； 表示客观规律和永恒真理等。

?He usually goes to work at 7 o’clock every morning. ?Knowledge is power.

?The earth goes around the sun.

?Guangzhou is situated in the south of China.

?考点一：表示永恒的真理，即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。 ?I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school.

?考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时；常用的引导词有：

?时间：when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute, the day; 条件：if,

unless, provided.

?If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon.

?考点三：在the more… the more … (越……越……) 句型中, 若主句是一般将来时, 从句通常用一般现在时。

?The harder you study, the better results you will get.

?— What would you do if it _____ tomorrow?

?— We have to carry it on ,since we’ve got everything ready. ?A. rain B. rains C. will rain D. is raining ?答案：B

?解析：if引导条件状语从句，在条件状语从句中要用一般现在时表示将来。

?2、现在进行时

?表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动：或表感情色彩，加强语气。

?与频率副词，如always，constantly，continually，again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩

（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。

?We are having English class.

?The house is being built these days.

?The little boy is always making mistakes.

?特别注意 1：在时间状语或条件状语从句中表示将来正在进行的动作。 ?Look out when you are crossing the street.

?Don't wake him up if he is still sleeping at 7 tomorrow morning.

?特别注意 2： 表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作（这时多有表示将来的时间状语）。 ?Marry is leaving on Friday.

?I bought a new house last year, but I ＿＿＿ my old house yet, so at the moment I have two houses.

?A. didn’t sell B. have not sold ?C. had not sold D. don’t sell ?答案：B

?3、现在完成时

?表示动作发生在过去，完成在过去，但强调与现在情况仍有联系，其结果或影响仍存在。

现在完成时有一些标志性的时间状语, for…; since… etc. ?I have studied English for 15 years.

?考点一：for + 时间段；since + 时间点 ?They have lived in Beijing for five years. ?They have lived in Beijing since 2004. ?I have learned English for ten years.

?考点二：常见的不确定的时间状语：lately; recently, just, already, yet, up to now; so far, these days,

?Has it stopped raining yet ? ?I have just had my lunch.

?考点三：在表示“最近几世纪/ 年/ 月以来……”时间状语中，谓语动词用现在完成时。 ?in the past few years/months/weeks/days; over the past few years; during the last three months; for the last few centuries, through centuries; throughout history 等

?考点四：表示“第几次做某事，”或在 “It is the best (worst, most interesting ) +名词 ＋that” 后面跟现在完成时。

?This is my first time that I have visited China. ?This is the most interesting film I have ever seen. ?That is the only book that he has written.

?Millions of pounds’ worth of damage ___by a storm which swept across the north of England last night.

?A. has been caused ?B. had been caused ?C. will be caused

?D. will have been caused ?答案：A

?解析：“storm”后的定语从句有明确的时间状语“last night”，故主语时态应确定为完成时，但D项为将来完成时，显然与语境不符。B项为过去完成时，但本句强调昨晚发生的风暴对现在的影响。

?—The window is dirty.

?— I know. It ______ for weeks.

?A. hasn’t cleaned B. didn’t clean ?C. wasn’t cleaned D. hasn’t been cleaned ?答案：D

?解析：该题是根据交际情景中考查动词时态与语态。关键词for weeks，考虑现在完成时，表示到目前为止的结果，好几周不擦了；窗户与擦的关系是被动关系，故被动语态。句意；“窗户很脏了。”“我知道。好几周没有擦了。”

?4. 现在完成进行时

?现在完成进行时是由“have / has been+现分词”构成，表示从过去某一时刻发生的动作，一直延续到现在，并且还可能继续下去。它与现在完成时的区别如下：

?A. 现在完成时强调的是完成的动作，而现在完成进行时是持续了一段时间的动作，这个动作刚停止或 仍在继续。

?I have written an article.（已完成） ?I have been writing an article. （还在写）

?B. 有些延续性动词，如live, teach, work, study, learn, stay等因现在完成时与现在完成进行时差别不大。

?I have lived here for ten years. = I have been living here for ten years.

?另外注意的是：表短暂动作的动词（finish, marry, get up, come, go等）一般不能用现在完成进行时。

?Now that she is out of a job, Lucy ____going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet. ?A. had considered

?B. has been considering ?C. considered

?D. is going to consider ?答案：B

?解析：该题是在交际情境中考查动词时态的用法。根据句意应选完成进行时，表示过去的动作（考虑返校学习）持续到现在（还没有决定）今后还有可能进行的动作。句意：既然露西失业了，她一直在考虑返校读书，但她还没有定下来。

?4．一般过去时

?表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作，或过去习惯性动作，不强调对现在的影响，只

说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用，如：

?yesterday; last week; in 1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; when

?考点一：used to + do，表示过去经常但现在已不再维持的习惯动作。to为不定式，后接动词原形。

?be/become/get used to + doing，表示习惯于 ?He used to smoke a lot.

?He has got used to getting up early.

?考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替过去将来时。 ?He promised to buy me a computer if he got a raise

?考点三：考查现在完成时与一般过去式的区别：一般过去时着重说明动作发生的时间、地点、方式等，与现在不发生联系，且句中一般有表示过去的时间状语；而现在完成时只说明现在的情况，对现在有影响。

?—Where _________ the recorder? I can’t see it anywhere. ?— I ____ it right here. But now it’s gone. ?A. did you put; have put ?B. have you put; put

?C. had you put; was putting ?D. were you putting; put ?答案：B

?解析：第一个空“放”这个动作强调对现在的影响，“我找不到”第二个空“放”指过去的一个动作。

?We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time. What do you suppose _______ to her? ?A. was happening B. happens ?C. has happened D. happened ?答案：C

?解析：说话者强调Jane 目前的状况.

?Hello, I ____ you were in London. How long ____ here? ?A. don’t know; were you ?B. hadn’t known; are you ?C. haven’t known; are ?D. didn’t know; have you been ?答案：D

?5. 过去进行时

?表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。

?The boy was doing his homework when his father came back from work.

?What were you doing at nine last night?

?The radio was being repaired when you called me.

?Shirely____a book about China last year but I don’t know whether she has finished it. ?A. has written B. wrote ?C. had written D. was writing ?答案：D

?解析：根据I don’t know whether she has finished it可判断去年她不可能写完这本书，因而

去年应该一直在写。该题测试过去时间状语与过去进行时态在英语句式中的特殊用法。题中过去时间状语last year导致了考生的定势思维，不少考生因此而误选了选项B（一般过去时）。分析上下文语境可知，选项部分的谓语动词的动作并非在过去某一时间已经完成，而是指在过去某一时间正在进行，故应选过去进行时。注意：在这一句式结构中，只有延续性动词才可与过去时间状语用于过去进行时，强调在过去某一时间正在进行的动作。

?6. 过去完成时

?表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作，即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”，句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语，这种时态从来不孤立使用 ( before, after, by, up till )

?There had been 25 parks in our city up till 2000. ?By the end of last term we had finished the book. ?They finished earlier than we had expected.

?考点一：把过去完成时放在by + 时间点或by the time + 从句的句子里考查。 ?By the end of last year, another new gymnasium ___ in Beijing. ?A. would be completed B. was being completed ?C. has been completed D. had been completed ?答案：D

?考点二：用于hardly/scarcely...when; no sooner ...than 句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。

?I had hardly finished my work when he came to see me. ?I had no sooner got into the room than it began to snow.

?No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang. （注意主谓倒装）

?考点三：表示“第几次做某事”，主句用过去时，从句用过去完成时。 ?That was the second time that she had seen her grandfather.

?考点四：动词hope, expect, think, intend, mean, want, suppose, plan 用过去完成时，表示未实现的愿望、打算和意图。

?I had intended to see you but I was too busy. ?I had hoped that I could do the job.

?7. 一般将来时

?表在将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况。常和tomorrow, next year, in 2008等表示将来的时

间状语连用。例:

?Shanghai will host the World Expo in 2010.

?The researchers of the project have to be very careful with every part if it a success. ?A. is to be B. is

?C. will be D. would be ?答案：A

?考点一：某些表示短暂性动作的动词如arrive, come, go, leave, start等，用现在进行时形式表示将来。

?I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow.

?考点二：“祈使句 + and/or + 句子”，这种结构中and后面的句子谓语用一般将来时。 ?Use your head and you will find a way.

?Call the university operator, ____ you will find the phone number of Professor Smith. ?A. so B. and C. when D. before ?答案：B

?考点三：“am (is, are) going to + 动词原形”，表示打算要做的事或可能要发生的事。

?“am (is, are) about to + 动词原形”表示按照预定计划或打算准备着手进行的动作。 ?The train is about to leave.

?“am (is, are) to + 动词原形”表示必须、必然或计划将要做的事。

?They are to be married in this May.

?9、将来完成时

?表在将来某时刻之前业已完成的事情，时间状语非常明显。

?By the time the course ends, ______ a lot about the culture of this country. ?A. we’ll learn B. we are learning ?C. we have learnt D. we’ll have learnt ?答案：D

?考点一：常用的时间状语一般用by+将来的时间。如：by the end of this year, by 8 o’clock this evening, by March next year以及由by the time…, before或when等引导的副词从句。 ?By the time you reach the station, the train will have left. ?By next Tuesday, I will have got ready for the exams.

?考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，将来完成时则由现在完成时表示。

?The children will do their homework the moment they have arrived back from school. 动词的语态

? It is ten years since women to vote in the United States.

?A. was allowing ?B. allowed ?C. were allowed ?D. had been allowed ?答案：C

?考察点是语态和时态的结合，首先确认语态（妇女被允许投票），通过时态标志词since确

认时间从句为时间点，时态为应为一般过去时。可采用“同形项”原则排除B

?The lady was made on the floor waiting for ten minutes before attended to. ? A. to stand B. stand ? C. standing D. stood ?答案：A

?使役动词如make，let等在主动语态情况下省去不定式符号to，变成被动语态后要把不定式符号to补全。

?一般用于强调受者， 做题时谓语动词不再有名词或宾语。动词的语态一般不单独考，而是和时态、语气和非谓语动词一起考，只是需要注意以下考点。 ?考点一：不能用于被动语态的动词和词组

?come true, consist of, take place, happen, become, rise, occur, appear, arrive, die, fall, last, exist, fail, succeed

?It took place before liberation. ?The film lasts for 2 hours.

?考点二：下列动词的主动语态表示被动意义, 而且常与well, quite, easily, badly等副词连用。 ?lock ( 锁 ) ; wash ( 洗 ); sell ( 卖 ); read ( 读 ); wear ( 穿 ); blame (责备)；ride (乘坐)； smell(闻)；write ( 写 )…

?玻璃容易破碎。 ?Glass breaks easily. ?这箱子很好锁。 ?The case locks easily. ?这本书很畅销。 ?The book sells well. ?这窗户关不上。

?The window won’t shut. ?这种纸一撕就破。 ?This paper tears easily.

?考点三：一些常用经典被动句型：

?It is said…, It is reported…, It is widely believed…， It is expected…, It is estimated…, ?这些句子一般翻译为“据说……”，“人们认为……”

?It is said that Tom has passed PETS 3.

?You ought to have put the milk in the refrigerator, now ____sour.

A) I smell B) it is smelt C) it smells D) it is smelling ?答案：C

?He does not possess a bicycle, this one he uses ____to Peter. A) is belonged to B) belonged

C) belongs D) is belonging ?答案：C

?解析：考察侧重点为动词主动形式表被动意义。

?If one ____by pride, he will reject useful advice and friendly assistance. A) overcomes B) is overcome C) has been overcome D) overcome ?答案：B

?解析：时态语态结合考察，可参照一般现在时考点二 “一般现在时在时间和条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时”

?Hurry up, or the tickets ___out by the time we get there. A) will have sold B) will sell

C) have sold D) will have been sold ?答案：D

?解析：考察时态和语态的结合。

?In Chinese mainland, a great number of colleges and universities ____since 1949. ?A) has been establish ?B) have been established ?C) have established ?D) had been established ?答案：B

?—What else did you do this morning besides doing the shopping? ?—Two hours ____ washing the windows and floor. ?A. were taken B. was spent ?C. has taken D. will be spent ?答案：B

?解析：时态、语态、主谓一致、动词用法的综合考察。 虚拟语气重点点拨

?虚拟语气的使用主要体现在三个方面：虚拟条件句、虚拟语气在某些从句中的运用，以及

虚拟语气的一些特殊用法。

虚拟条件句:

?虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设，所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。根据时间的不同，虚拟条件句可分为三种，即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句及与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句。具体情况请看下表：

例句：

1.表示与现在事实相反

If I had enough money now ， I would lend it to you.

If I were you ， I would go to tell him the real feeling upon him. 2.表示与过去事实相反

If he had taken your advice ， he wouldn't have made such a bad mistake. She would have come to enjoy the party if she hadn't been very busy.

3.表示与将来事实相反

I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow.

If he were to be given another chance to do it again， he could certainly achieve more.

1.虚拟条件句的倒装

为了强调语气，虚拟条件句可用倒装结构。

虚拟条件句的倒装是通过去掉if，把条件从句谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词放在句首实现的。 例如：

If I had been in that situation， I would not have let the thief escape away with so much money. Had I been in that situation， I would not have let the thief escape away with so much money.

Should there be a drought， what should we do at that time ？ If there should be a drought， what should we do at that time ？

2.错综时间条件句

有时条件从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间并不一致，这时谓语动词的形式应根据它所要表示的具体时间来决定。 例如：

If we hadn't been working hard in the past few years ， things wouldn't be going so smoothly.

If the Party hadn 't led the Chinese people to liberate the country，Chinese people would still live a life in pain and poverty.

3.含蓄条件句

有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来，而是通过某个介词或介词短语（如：

with， otherwise， without， but for， in that position ）、上下文或其它方式表现出来。这种句子称为含蓄条件句。

例如：

But for the help from you ， I would not have had the chance to go to college.

I would never mind you making such loud noises， but， you see， my baby is in a deep sleep.

It was so quiet ； you could have heard a pin drop. 虚拟语气在某些从句中的运用

在某些词或短语后接的从句中要使用虚拟语气，表示愿望、建议或命令等。根据虚拟语气的形式不同，虚拟语气可以分为“should类”和“过去时态类”。

一、should类

这一类的虚拟语气是通过从句中的谓语动词使用“should +动词原形”体现出来的，should可以省略。其具体运用体现在：

1.在suggest ， order， demand ， propose，

command， request， desire，insist等表示建议、命令、要求、意见的动词后接的宾语从句中要使用虚拟语气。 如：

He suggests that she should leave the house at once.

The leader ordered that the task（should） be finished as soon as possible.

He proposed that we （should） deal with the problem by the view of development.

2.与suggest ， order， demand ， propose， command， request， desire，insist等动词相对应的名词suggestion， order， demand ， proposal 等后的表语从句或同位语从句中要使用虚拟语气。 如：

The general sent the order that the battle（should） be held on until the complete failure of the enemy.

My proposal is that we（should） set a deadline for handing in the plan.

3.在It is/was suggested （ordered ， demanded ， proposed ， etc. ） 结构以及necessary ， essential， important， strange， natural等形容词后的主语从句中要使用虚拟语气。

如：

It's requested that we （should） keep the stability of the society for the people's peaceful life.

It is necessary that the badly wounded man（should） be treated immediately. 二、过去时态类

英语中，还有一些词或短语后接的从句或句子，也要使用虚拟语气，虚拟语气是通过句中的谓语使用过去的某种时态（如：一般过去时、过去完成时等）来体现的。

1. wish ， would rather 后的宾语从句。 如：

He wished he had never been involved in such affairs. I would rather you could teach me again.

2. as if， as though引导的从句。如：

The little boy knows so many things as if he was a man. He acted as usual as though nothing had happened.

3.由if only （要是……，那该多好啊！）引导的惊叹句。如： If only I had passed the test ！ If only it stopped raining！

4. It is（about/high） time 后的定语从句。如： It is time we went out for a walk.

It was high time they had begun to prepare the experiment. 虚拟语气的其它用法

在英语中，一些表示建议、请求、劝告、愿望、祈祷、祝福或诅咒的句子，也需要使用虚拟语气。如：

Would you mind smoking here ？ May you be lucky！

Long live the people of China ！ God save me. 学位真题

?The new findings by the research crew suggested that the government’s housing plans_____not

practicable.

? A. be B. should be C. was D. were ?答案：D (2005学位真题)

?Tom Smith wished that his parents _____ in the stricken area when the earthquake occurred. ?A. were not B. are not ?C. have not been D. had not been ?答案：D (2005学位真题)

?The proposal that business companies_____guided by professionals for their new scheme of

developments was accepted without disagreement.

?A. be B. are ?C. was D. were ?答案：A (2005学位真题)

?Professor Wang said that he would rather his student Jane ____ to the conference. ?A. go B. went C. gone D. going ?答案：B (2005学位真题)

?If I ____ a book on the habits of mice, I’d not start working without sufficient observation on

them.

?A. were to write B. have written ?C. write D. am writing ?答案：A (2005学位真题)

_____, the police would have caught the criminal earlier.

?A. Had they received the clue in time ?B. If they received the clue in time

?C. They have received the clue in time ?D. Did they receive the clue in time ?答案：A (2005学位真题)

?_______ the interference from the local residents, the delegation would have caught the train

bound for Edinburgh.

?A. Due to B. Except for ?C. In case of D. But for ?答案：D (2005学位真题)

?All the participants believe that it is high time that the two neighboring countries ____ a fresh

round of negotiation regarding the economic cooperation.

?A. starting B. started ?C. have started D. being starting ?答案：B (2005学位真题)

?The suggestion that colleges _______ administrated by professors was approved by the board. ?A. is B. are C. be D. were ?答案：C (2006学位真题)

?The player asked he ＿＿＿ an opportunity to explain his case.

?A. gives B. be given ?C. is given D. should give ?答案：B (2007学位真题)

?The chairman insist that there＿＿＿ a meeting to be held within the shortest possible time. ?A. is

B. will be C. was

D. be

?答案：D (2007学位真题)

?My suggestion was that he ______ the offer as soon as possible. ?A. should take B. takes ?C. would take D. took ?答案：A (2007学位真题)

?If all the people in the world spoke the same language, cultural and economic ties _____ be much

closer among countries now.

?A. will B. should ?C. shall D. would ?答案：D (2007学位真题)

? I wish I _____ in the sun by a swimming pool instead of sitting in this classroom. ?A. have lain B. were lying C. lay D. lie ?答案：B (2008学位真题)

?It is essential that all the reports to be published _____ twice. ?A. be checked B. would be checked ?C. were checked D. will be checked ?答案：A (2008学位真题)

?_____ for their support, he would have gone penniless. ?A. If it is not B. If it is

?C. Were it D. Were it not

?答案：D (2009学位真题)

?I arrived late; I _____ the traffic to be so heavy this morning. ?A. wasn’t expecting ?B. wouldn’t expect ?C. haven’t expected

?D. hadn’t expected

?答案：D (2009学位真题)

?It is necessary that we (should 可省略,下同）have a walk now.

?It is important that every pupil (should) be able to understand the rule of school. ?It is natural that she should do so.

?It is essential that these application forms be sent back as early as possible． ?It is vital that enough money be collected to fund the project． ?It is required that nobody (should) smoke here. ?It is desired that we（should）get everything ready this evening．

?It is my proposal that he be sent to study further abroad．我建议派他去国外进一步学习。 ?The suggestion that the mayor present the prizes was accepted by everyone． ?The advice is that we (should ) leave at once.

?My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference. ?If I were a boy, I would join the army. ?If the had time, she should go with you

虚拟语气精选例题解析

?______ he English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday . ?A. In spite of B. But for ?C. Because of D. As for

?解析：假设的情况有时不是用一个条件句表示，而是隐含在一个由介词如but for、but that、

without, 由连词but、副词otherwise 、比较级、形容词、独立主格等表示的上下文中。本句主句表示对过去情况的假设，但事实上由于英语考试而没有去成，即若不是因为英语考试，我本可以去听音乐会，所以应选

?Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I ______ your advice .

?A. follow B. would follow C. had

followed D. have followed

?解析：题目中的第一句话表示的是现在真实的情况，而第二句话中所要表达的是应该做但

事实上没有做的事，这种情况导致第一句话中真实情况的发生，故If only条件句假设的是过去一种情况，因此应该用had +过去分词，所以正确答案是。

?There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, ______ a sudden loud noise.

A. being there B. should there be C. there was D. there having been

?解析：句意为：“要是有一声巨响，这些动物会受到惊吓，这是有现实可能性的。”should there

be表示虚拟条件句中将来时间的谓语形式, if省略,所以should与there倒装。因此

?When Edison died, it was proposed that the American people ______ all power in their homes,

streets, and factories for several minutes in honor of this great man.

?A. turn off B. turned off ?C. would turn off D. had turned off

?解析： propose后接的宾语从句或主语从句中谓语要用虚拟语气：should+动词原形或直接

用动词原形。选择

?I apologize if I ______ you, but I assure ( 保证, 担保) you it was unintentional(不是故意的,

无心的, 无意识的).

?A. offend B. had offended ?C. should have offended D. might have offended

?解析： 本题测试交错时间的虚拟条件句。was 暗示，事情发生在过去，所以虚拟条件句中

的谓语动词应该用表示过去时间的虚拟形式。

?The board deemed(认为, 相信)it urgent(急迫的, 紧急的)that these files ______ right away. ?A. had to be printed

?B. should have been printed ?C. must be printed ?D. should be printed

?解析：it是句子的形式宾语，urgent在句中作形式宾语it的补足语,所以宾语从句中的谓语

需用虚拟语气:(should)+动词原形(主动态或被动态)。

?The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, so it seems as if the sun ______ round the earth. ?A. were circling B. circles

?C. is circling D. be circling

?解析：if引导的从句要求用虚拟语气，表示同时或将来的情况，动词要用过去式（be动词

用were）或would (could等)+动词原形，本句话中指的是当时的情况，所以要用过去式，故

?He speaks Chinese as fluently as if he ______ a Chinese. ?A. were B. had been C. is D. has been ?解析：表示与现在相反的虚拟。

?

?As usual, he put on a show as though his trip ______ a great success. ?A. had been B. has been C. were D. was

?解析： as though引导的与过去相反的虚拟。

?Without electronic computers, much of today’s advanced technology ______ .

?A. will not have been achieved ?B. have not been achieved

?C. would not have been achieved ?D. had not been achieved

?解析：这是一含蓄虚拟条件句，通过介词短语without,表示潜在的一种假设，而主句中的情

况也早已经发生，所以是对过去情况的一种假设，因此用would not have been achieved这一形式。

?It is time that the government ______ measures to protect the rare birds and animals.

?A. takes B. took C. has taken D. taking

?解析：It is time that是一种要求从句用虚拟语气的常见句型。虚拟语气形式为动词的过去式。

?He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he ______ to the meeting. ?A. would come B. came ?C. would have come D. had come ?解析：otherwise

用来表示一种含蓄的虚拟假设，因为是对过去(yesterday)的情况的假设，

所以应该用would have come形式。

?If I had seen the movie, I ______ you all about it now. ?A. would tell B. will tell

?C. have told D. would have told ?解析：这是一个混合虚拟语气的句子，if

条件句表示的是对过去情况的假设，而主句是对

现在（now）的情况的假设，故用would tell形式。

?We didn't know his telephone number, otherwise we ______ him.

?A) would have telephoned ?B) must have telephoned

?C) would telephone ?D) had telephoned

?解析：本题是与过去时相反的虚拟句，从句中用过去完成式，主句中用would have done。

本句相当于if we had known his telephone number，we would have telephoned him。

?We are all for your proposal that discussion ______. ?a. be put off b. was put off ?c. should put off d. is to put off

?解析：全句意思是：我们都赞成你的建议，把讨论推迟。

?It's already 5 o'clock now. Don't you think it's about time ______ ? ?A. we are going home B. if she leaves ?C. we went home D. if she had left

?解析：“现在已经十六点钟了，难道你不认为该回家了吗？”句中的“it's about time …”引起

虚拟。

?I'd rather you ______ by train, because I can't bear the idea of your being in an airplane in such

bad weather.

?A. would go B. should go C. went D. had gone

?解析：“我宁愿你乘火车去，因为我无法想像在如此恶劣的天气你呆在飞机里。”主语+would

rather后接宾语从句,从句中谓语须用虚拟语气：用一般过去时表示希望现在或将来实现的行为或状态,用过去完成时表示希望过去实现的行为或状态。本题中原因状语从句用一般现在时,暗示希望现在或将来发生的行为动作,故选答案为

?In the past men generally preferred that their wives ______ in the home.

?A. worked B. would work ?C. work D. were working

?解析：“过去男子一般都愿意他们的妻子在家里工作。”因为prefer(宁愿)其后所接的宾语从

句中谓语需用(should)+动词原形。 强调句考点

以句型强调：感叹句、it强调句、倒装句 It 强调句：

It is/was +被强调的部分+that/who+原句其他部分。其中that 表事,who表人。

原句： Betty bought a book from the store last night.

强调主语：

It was Betty who bought a book from the store last night. 强调宾语：

It was the book that Betty bought from the store last night. 强调状语：

It was from the store that Betty bought a book last night. 强调状语：

It was last night that Betty bought a book from the store。

以短语强调

? at all, in the world, on earth 等

What on earth are you talking about?

She doesn’t care at all. 以词强调

?do, every, just, only, single, such, very等.

She does love to work alone.

I do believe her dream will come true.

This is the very picture on which I spent a lot of money. 形容词、副词、比较级、最高级重点点拨

形容词常用于修饰名词，说明该词的性质、特征等。它在句中主要用作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语，如：

?Groups of new, modern buildings have sprung up along the river.（定语） ?一群群新的现代建筑沿江拔地而起。 ?The football game was marvelous. ?（表语）足球赛精彩极了。

?I’m sorry that I’m late.

?（表语）对不起，我迟到了。 ?Don’t leave the door open, please. ?（宾补）请不要将门敞着。

?He spent three days in the snow, cold and hungry. ?（状语） 他又冷又饿地在风雪中过了两天。

1.有些形相似、义相别的词 如：

alone（独自地） lonely（孤独的） considerable（相当多的） considerate（体贴人的）

efficient（有效力的） sufficient（足够的） historic（历史性的） historical（历史上的） imaginative（富于想象力的） imaginable可想象到的）,

industrial（工业的） industrious（勤勉的）

later（较迟的） latter（后者的） respectful（有礼貌的） respective（各自的）

2. -ly结尾的形容词

?在英文里，有些形容词是以-ly结尾的，不要误认为是副词。这类词常见的有：

?brotherly（友爱的） deadly（致命的） ?earthly（世俗的） friendly（友好的） ?likely（可能的） leisurely（空闲的） ?lovely可爱的） manly（男子气概的） ?weekly（每周一次的） yearly（每年一次的）

3. 行为动词作系动词用时，后面+adj. 作表语. 这类常用作系动词的行为动词有下面几种情况：

A. 表示“变成某种状态”的动词： ? become , come , fall , get , grow , make , prove , run , ? turn , turn out

例如：

Our country becomes stronger and stronger . 我们的国家越来越强大。

Milk is liable to turn bad in summer . 夏天，牛奶容易变质。 The child fell asleep . 孩子睡着了。

Our holidays come near . 我们的假期临近。

B. 表示“保持某种状态”的动词：

continue , hold , keep , lie , remain , rest , sit , stand , stay

?The weather continued cold . ?天气持续寒冷。 ?Hold still .

?不要动。 ?Keep still while I photograph you . ?我给你照相时，请不要乱动。

?They remained quiet when they listened to the story . ?他们听故事时一直很安静。

C. 表示“感觉”的动词： appear , feel , look , seem , smell , sound , taste 例如：

如： ?She appeared happy at the good news . ?她听到这好消息时显得很高兴。 ?Silk feels soft .

?绸子摸起来很软。 ?He looks unwell today .

?他今天看上去相似身体不适。 ?I am sure that the soup tastes good .

形容词与副词的比较等级

英文中的形容词和副词一般都有三种级的形式即：原级，比较级和最高级.

1）同级比较中有两种情况：

A）表示双方情况“一模一样”，用as + 原级 + as的结构；

B）表示双方情况“不（那么）一样”，用not so / as + 原级 + as的结构。在这两种结构中，第一个as是副词，而第二个as是连词；在第二个as的后面接名词、句子或代词的主格（一般不要接代词的宾格）。例如： My parcel is as heavy as yours . 我的包裹与他的一样沉。

His bedroom is not as neat as his sister’s . 他的寝室没有他姐姐的整洁。 It is not so hot as yesterday . 今天不象昨天那么热。

我说英文没有以英语为母语的人说得快。 I can’t speak English as fast as a native speaker.

2）在as … as 的结构中，第一个as的前面可以加上表示倍数的词、或是某些副词修饰语：twice , ( three ) times , nearly , almost , just , exactly , not nearly（根本不） , by no means（绝不） , quite 等等。 例如：

?Asia is four tomes as large as Europe . ?亚洲有欧洲的四倍大。（亚洲比欧洲大三倍。） ?James is not nearly as tall as Robert . ?詹姆斯根本没有罗伯特高。

?Cast iron is almost as useful as steel . ?铸铁差不多与钢一样有作用。

?She hasn’t been quite so unlucky as she pretends . ?她还没有象她常装出的那么样不幸。

3） 在as … as 的结构中，我们还常见这样两种句型：

as much + 不可数名词 + as 和as many + 复数可数名词 + as ， 例如：

?She spread as much butter on her bread as Jane usually does . ?她在面包上涂的黄油与琼通常涂的一样多。

?He has learned as many English words as his brother( has ) . ?他已学了和他哥哥一样多的 英文单字。

4）不同级的比较主要用表示于人与人、事物与事物之间不同之处的比较，其意义为“A比B更（怎么样）一些”。常用的结构是比较级 + than 。 例如：

?They worked even harder than they promised . ?他们工作得比他们答应的还要卖力。 ?This street is narrower than that one. ?这条街比那条街窄一些。

5) 在比较级 + than的结构前可以加上某些副词类和表示倍数的词，以对其进行修饰，如： far（远），even（甚至），much（许多），still（更，还），a lot（许多），a little / bit（一点），rather（相当地），slightly（略微），not any（不再），three times …（三倍、……），等等。 例如：

?This book is far more interesting than that one . ?这本书比那一本有趣多了。

?You’ve been working much harder than I have . ?你一直比我工作得努力多了。

?She came even earlier than I asked ( him to ) . ?她来得甚至比我叫她来的时间还要早。

6) 比较级中的两个特殊作用的结构是：The + 比较级 + 句子，the + 比较级 + 句子 。和 比较级+ and + 比较级 。前一个句型结构表示的意义是“越（怎么样就）越（怎么样）”；后一个句型结构表示的意义是“越来越（怎么样）”，在这个结构中的两个 “比较级”则要求词性相同。例如：

?The harder you work at your study , the better academic records you will have. ?你学习越努力，你的成绩就越好。 ?The more we have , the more we want . ?人欲无穷。

?When winter is coming , it gets colder and colder . ?冬天来临之际，天越来越冷了。

?He became less and less satisfied with the football team’s performance . ?他对足球队的表现越来越不满意了。

?没有比较对象的比较结构。所谓没有比较对象的比较结构不是指省略而言，而是指并非真

正的比较。 例如：

?The car runs faster than 110 miles . ?那辆车时速为110多英里。

?There is more than one solution to the problem . ?这个问题的解决办法不止一个。

?The daily cost in an average hospital in the United States can run as high as $250 .

?在美国普通医院的每天的费用可高达250美元。

8) 用比较级的形式表达最高级的意思。在这种情况下，往往是将一个人或是一件事与其他所有的人或事相比较。做这种句子时有一点要特别注意——别忘了常在比较状语中用any ,other , else类的字眼，以将比较主体排除在比较对象以外，因为自己不可以与自己相比较。例如：

?He is taller than anyone else in our class . ?他在我们班比其他任何都高。

?Iron is more useful than any other metals . ?铁比其他任何金属更有作用。

9) no + 比较级 + than的结构表示“A和B一样不……”。 例如：

?She runs no faster than her sister. ?她与她妹妹一样跑不快。

?Tom is no wiser than John. ?汤姆和约翰一样没有聪明才智。 ?He is no richer than his brother. ?他与他弟弟一样不富有。

形容词和副词的最高级

?这种结构的一般表达方式是最高级 + 表示范围的状语，其意义是“某人、某事在某个范围内最 ……”。 ?例如：

?He is the tallest of the three boys . ?那三个男孩中他最高。

?That is the biggest lake in our province . ?那是我省最大的一条湖。 ?Joe runs fastest in our school . ?桥在我们学校跑得最快。

注意下面的情况：

1）of后接名词，用来说明“最高级的范围” ；而among 的后面往往是接带有最高级的名词词组，说明“主体是最……之一”。 例如：

?I believe Einstein is among the greatest scientists . ?我相信爱因斯坦是最伟大的科学家之一。 ?Huanghe is among the longest rivers in China . ?黄河是中国最长的河流之一。 ?在这三部小说中，这一部最有趣。

?This novel is the most interesting of the three . ?She is the tallest of the girls in our class . ?她是我们班女孩中的最高个儿。

2）形容词的最高级前面不用定冠词the的几种情况

A.形容词的最高级作表语（或者说，作主语补足语），并且又不与其他人或事相比较，通常在其前不用定冠词the 。 例如：

?The market in the country is busiest in winter . ?乡下集市冬季里最繁忙。

?It is best to go and ask the teacher . ?最好去问老师。

?The well is deepest at this point . ?这口井在此处最深。

B.形容词的最高级作“非常、极其”解时，通常在其前也不用定冠词the,但是可以用不定冠词a 。 例如：

?His father is a most leaned man . ?他爸爸是一位极有学问的人。

?When studying at college , I was in closest touch with Leon ?读大学时，我与里昂关系非常密切。

C.如果形容词的最高级前已有人称代词的所有格、或是名词的所有格形式、指示代词等修饰语时，其前也不再用定冠词the了。 例如：

?Her greatest wish is to be an air hostess after her graduation . ?她最大的愿望是毕业后当一名空姐。

?His most educational hobby is stamp-collecting . ?他最具教育意义的嗜好是集邮。

D. 当两个形容词的最高级同时修饰一个名词时，后面一个形容词的最高级前的定冠词the通常被省略了。 例如：

?He is the oldest ,but most energetic of my colleagues . ?在我的同事中，他是最年长的，却是最有活力的。

?This is the most effective and most economic solution to the problem . ?这是最有效且最经济的解决问题的办法。

?He is the youngest and most famous athlete in the world.他是世界上最年青、最著名的运动员。

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