bookI unit 5-8知识点

Unit 5-unit 8 期末复习

Unit 5

1. A waiter was serving him.一位服务员正在招待他。 *serve可以有及物与不及物两种用法； 及物动词的用法

1)“(尤指在餐馆，商店，宾馆中)提供服务，接待，招待。serve sb 2）提供（食物或饮料）serve sth 不及物动词的用法：“服役，当兵，工作，供职”

2. potato, tomato, Negro, hero, volcano, mango 复数形式都要加”es”

3. They don’t eat meat or anything that comes from animals. 他们不吃肉或任何来自动物身上的东西。 限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况

1）当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some 等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much 等修饰时 2） 当先行词被序数词the first, the second, the last修饰时： 3） 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时 4）当先行词被the very, the only修饰时

4. I suggest you go on a diet. 我建议你节食。 *suggest that (should) do/suggest doing

I suggest that you should take exercise every day. 我建议你要每天锻炼。 I suggested taking her out to dinner. 我建议带她到外面去吃饭。

*It is suggested that/My suggestion is that/I make a suggestion that sb (should) do

5. I mean you ought to be careful with your food. 我的意思是你应该注意你的饮食。 ought to do sth应当/ought not to do

6. Pizza, an international favorite came from the city of Naples.啤酒，一种受全世界人喜爱的食品，来自于那不勒斯。

favorite n. 特别受喜爱的人或物。adj. 特别受喜爱的。 7. So you don’t need to say pizza pie.因此你不必说皮萨饼。

*Need既可做情态动词，又可以作动词和名词。下面是它的具体用法。

1）表示“需要”，作情态动词用，没有人称和数的变化，后接动词原型，多用于疑问句和否定句，疑问句答语表肯定用must，have to；表否定用needn't，don't have to。如： —Need I come tomorrow? 明天我需要来吗？ —Yes, you must / have to. 是的，你必须来。

(—No, you needn't / don't have to. 不，你没有必要来。)

2）表示“需要”，作实义动词用时，有人称和数的变化，后接名词、代词、带to不定式、动名词等。如： He needs to look after the old man. 他需要照料这位老人。

The bike needs mending / to be mended? 这辆自行车需要修一下。 3）表示“需要”，用作名词时，可作可数名词或不可数名词。如： meet one' need: 满足某人的需要

We should try our best to meet the workers' needs. 我们应该尽力满足工人们的需要。 be in need of需要： I'm badly in need of your help. 我非常需要你的帮助。 There is (no) need for 有（没有）??的需要

There's a great need for teachers here. 这儿非常需要教师。 There's no need for doctors here. 这儿不需要医生。

8. About 1900, an American selling cooked frankfurters called them hot dogs because they looked like a kind of small dog. 大约在20世纪，一个卖法兰克福熟香肠的美国人把它们叫做热狗，因为它们看上去像一种小狗。

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cooked是过去分词作定语。修饰frankfurters，表示煮熟的。过去分词作定语有前置和后置两种情况。 1）前置定语。例如：

单个的过去分词作定语，通常放在被修饰的名词之前，表示被动和完成意义。 A类：被动意义：及物动词的过去分词作定语表示被动，

The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital. 受伤的工人现正在医院受到良好的照料。 B类：完成意义：不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动，而表示完成，如： boiled water＝water that has boiled开（过的）水 the fallen leaves＝the leaves that have fallen落叶

a developed country＝a country which has developed发达国家 a retired teacher 一位退休的教师 2）后置定语

过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在被修饰的名词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。如: What’s the language spoken (＝that is spoken) in that area﹖那个地区讲的是什么语言？

3）有些过去分词作定语既表被动，又表完成。即过去分词在定语中可以独立表示完成意义的被动语态。如：

Is there anything planned(＝that has been planned)for the weekend﹖周末安排了什么活动没有？

9. Sandwiches were name after the Earl of Sandwich, a rich man in England三明治是以一个富有的英国人的名字命名的。

*in the 1700s. 十八世纪。in the 1890s 在十九世纪九十年代。

10. A person eating a good variety of foods may get all the vitamins they need. 人们吃品种多样的食物便会得到所需的维生素。

1）eating a good variety of foods是现在分词作定语。现在分词作定语，当分词单独做定语时，放在所修饰的名词前；如果是分词短语做定语放在名词后。

In the following years he worked even harder. 在后来的几年中，他学习更努力了。

The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father. 正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。

现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能，如：the man speaking to the teacher可改为the man who is speaking to the teacher.

Unit 6

1. I feel tired all the time, yet I have trouble sleeping. .我一直觉得累，然而我却很难入睡。 *yet用作连词：表示转折，意为“但是”、“然而”，往往含有“尽管如此但??”之意。如： He said he would be late, yet he arrived on time. 他说他会迟到，但他却准时到了。 注：有时可与另一个连词 and, but 连用(位于其后)。如：

The boy is fat and yet he runs very fast. 这男孩很胖，但却跑得很快。

Yet还可用作副词: 表示“已经”、 “尚未”、“还不(没有)”等，通常用于否定句、疑问句(包括一些表示怀疑的动词)，且通常位于句末。如：

I doubt if he has read it yet. 我怀疑他是否读过它。 I haven’t prepared for it yet. 我还没有准备好。

2. I sometimes get dizzy after climbing stairs. 爬楼梯后我有时觉得头晕。

现在分词短语作状语时可由连词after, before, when, while或once, until, if , though等连词引导，分词的逻辑主语必须和主句的主语一致。现在分词短语也可改写成相应的状语从句。例如： While reading the book, he nodded from time to time. 他读书时，不时地点头。

Although working very hard, he failed to pass the final exam. 虽然他学习刻苦，但期末考试还是没及格。 3. Then do some exercise every day no matter how busy you are. 然后，无论多忙每天都要锻炼身体。 *no matter +疑问词结构常在口语中作让步状语从句，疑问词+ever构成的复合词也可引导让步状语从句，两者用法一样。例如：

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Don’t change your plans no matter what(=whatever) happens.不管发生什么事，别改变你的计划。 He had to get the car repaired no matter how (however) much it costs. 不管花多少钱，他 也得把车子修好。

4. Not all American children are as active in sports after school as John is.不是所有的美国儿童都和约翰一样课后积极参加体育运动。

*not all表示部分否定，解释为“不是所有的”。主语中有“Not all (both ,every 等) +名词“时，表示部分否定，例如：

Not all students are doing chemical experiments.并不是所有学生都在做化学实验。 Not every one (或everyone ) likes this film. 并非每个人都喜欢这部影片

5. Doctors believe that these conditions are the result of physical inactivity and poor diet.医生认为 这些情况是缺少体育锻炼和饮食不当所引起的。 condition/situation/state

这三个词都有“条件、状况”的意思，但含义不同。condition 意为“条件、情况、环境”其单数形式指人所处的状态，其复数指一般的、笼统的情况。situation指某一时间有各种情况造成的“处境、形势”。state指人或事物所处的状态或状况，常和condition替用，此外state还常表示思想、感情、心理等状态。例如： What's the patient's condition? 病人的情况如何? He is in a difficult situation. 他处境困难。

Ice is water in a solid state. 冰是水的固体状态。

6. I’m looking for something suitable. 我正在寻找合适的礼物。

*suitable/fit adj. 适合的；合适的。suitable 指适合某种场合、地位、年龄、职业等，可作定语或表语，常与to或for连用，fit指适合于某种目的、条件等，常与for 连用或跟动词不定式，通常不作定语。 例如：a suitable present(正)；a fit present(误)

The present is suitable for/to(fit for) my English teacher.

7. I don’t think that’s what I think. 我认为那不是我所想的。 *在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中, 若宾语从句是表否定意义，而且主句中含有I(we)+think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine等谓语动词时，则习惯上把宾语从句中的否定词not前移到主句的谓语动词中，称为否定转移。其反义疑问句助动词与宾语从句一致。例如：

I don’t think it’s necessary to read this book. 我认为没有必要去读这本书。 I didn’t expect that she would be here soon. 我以为她不会那么快就来。 8. I insist that…我坚持…

*insist解释为坚决要求时，其后的宾语从句时态为should+动词原形，should 有时可以省略。例如： I insist that they should be present at the meeting.我坚决要求他们出席会议。

We insist that the sports meet should be put off till next week.我们坚决主张运动会推迟到下周。 但是当insist表示对已作过的事坚持自己的意见则还用一般过去时。例如 The boy insisted that he hadn't stolen the money and he be set free at once.

9. I like chocolate so much that I sometimes eat it for both breakfast and lunch. 我很喜欢吃巧克力以至于有时早饭中饭都吃。

*so+形容词/副词+that 如此…以至…；如此…使得。

He was so excited that he couldn’t speak. 她兴奋得连话都说不出来了。 so+形容词+a(an) +可数名词单数+that… so+ many 或few + 可数名词 +that…

so + much 或 little + 不可数名词 + that…例如： He is so good a teacher that all of his students love him. There was so little rice at home that we had to buy some. 10. *every three months 每隔三个月。every后加上基数词再加名词复数，可表示频度。every +基数词+months (years, days , minutes, etc.) every + 序数词+month

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The Olympic Games are held every four years/ every forth year.

I plant the flowers in the garden every other day. 我每隔一天给花园的花浇水。 11. be sure that clause/ of sth. (doing sth.) / to do sth.

12. You need to be careful about what you eat and drink. 你需要小心注意你的饮食。

(1)need (需要)作及物动词,后面可接不定式或名词化的动名词作宾语。接不定式时表示主动;接名词化的动名词时有被动的含义,相当于不定式的被动语态。 例如： You need to finish your homework. 你得完成你的作业。

The window needs cleaning. /The window needs to be cleaned. 这窗子需要清扫。 be careful about/of/with 小心，注意某事 care about 介意 care for 喜欢，想要 take care of 照顾

13. Eating sugar is a major cause of tooth decay. 吃甜食是蛀牙的主要原因之一。 *cause/reason

cause是造成某一结果的原因，起因，缘由，后面常接介词of。reason侧重指产生某种行为或想法的理由，行为的意图等，后面常接介词for. 14. instead of +doing 一. instead意为“代替”“替代”，作副词用，通常位于句尾。如位于句首时常用逗号与后面隔开。instead 在顺接句子中作“代替”讲，而在转折（或逆转）句子中作“然而”讲。例如： 1.Lily isn't here. Ask Lucy instead. Lily不在这儿，去问Lucy吧. [注意]当instead在祈使句中时，只能位于句末。

2.she didn't answer me, instead, she asked me another question. 她没有回答我，反而问了我另外一个问题。

二.instead of是介宾短语，其意与instead相同，不同之处在于它后面常接宾语，其宾语多由名词、代词、介词、短语、动词 + ing 形式充当。例如：

1.We'll ask Li Mei instead of Mary. 我们将去问李梅而不问玛丽。 2.I'll go instead of her. 我会替她去。

3. We’ll stay at home instead of going to the park this weekend.

Unit 7

1. Did you manage to go the volleyball match last night? 你昨晚看成排球赛了吗？ *manage to do sth. 设法做成某事。强调其结果是成功的。

try to do something 设法做某事，尽力做某事，不包含结果是否成功。 try doing something （用多种方法）试着做某事。例如： You had better __________(do) the experiment in another way. He ____________(arrive) on time in spite of heavy rain.

He always _____________ (finish) his homework after supper. 2. The Chinese team, but it was very close.（接近） *close的用法 （1）①形容词：近的，接近的（与to连用，比near接近的程度要强）

②（关系）接近的，亲密的（位于名词前） （2）动词，关闭

3. Shirley regretted to have missed the match. Shirley很遗憾没能看比赛。

regret to do 对要做的事遗憾。(未做) regret doing 对做过的事遗憾、后悔。(已做) I don't regret __________ (tell) her what I thought.

I regret to __________(have) to do this, but I have no choice. 4. I have been training for it.我一直在训练（跳高）

句中使用了现在完成进行时，是现在完成时的强调形式，强调某段时间一直在做某事。表示过去某时起一

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直不断地持续到现在（说话时）的动作，此动作可能还在继续进行，也可能刚刚停止。常与表示“一段时间”的状语连用，也可不用。其构成形式是：have + been doing.例如： I have been looking for my lost book for three days, but I still haven’t found it.

5. How interesting it is to jump into a pool or go swimming in a river!跳进水池或在河里游泳是多么有趣啊！ *感叹句通常有what, how引导，表示赞美、惊叹、喜 悦、等感情。what修饰名词，how 修饰形容词，副词或动词，感叹句结构主要有以下几种：

How +形容词+ a +名词+ 陈述语序 How clever a boy he is! What +a+形容词+名词+ 陈述语序What a clever boy he is! How+形容词或副词+ 陈述语序 How lovely the baby is! What +名词+ 陈述语序

What+ 形容词+复数名词+ 陈述语序 What wonderful ideas (we have)!

What+ 形容词+不可数名词+ 陈述语序 What noise they are making!/What cold weather it is! 感叹句的省略形式为： What a clever boy (he is)!

6. But to be honest, I don’t think much of it.但老实说，我认为不怎么样。 think of 对……有某种看法。例如：

What do you think of it? 你认为这事怎么样？ think well (much) of it…认为很不错

not think (not) much of it; think little of 认为没什么了不起的

7. Do you think sports have something to do with the climate, the reason, and the region where you live? 你认为体育运动和气候，季节记忆你所居住的地区是否有关系？ climate/weather

climate:气候,是对一个地方长期的,有规律的天气特征的概括总结.

weather:天气,指一个地方瞬时或较短时间内的风,云,降水,温度,气压等气象要素的综合状态.

8. You probably play the games that people in your town or city play.你很可能做的是你所住的那个城市的人所做的运动。

probably/possibly/perhaps/maybe这几个副词都有“可能”的意思，用法如下： (1) possible“或许；也许”，所指的可能性较小，为加强语气，可与can或could连用；与may连用，表示的可能性更小。例如：

It may possibly be true．也许是真的。 (2)probably“很有可能；十之八九”，其语义较强，可能性较大。在否定句中，probably不能紧跟在否定词之后。例如：

译：她大概不会来这里。

正：Probably she won’t come here． 正：She probably won’t come here． 正：She won’t come here probably． 误：She won’t probably come here． (3) perhaps“或许”，含有“可能这样，也可能不这样”之意，其含义和用法与maybe一样，多用于口语。maybe多用于美国英语。在这几个单词中，语义最强的是probably，其次是perhaps和maybe，最弱的是possibly。例如：

9. 1）where引导的定语从句和地点状语从句的区别 位置 作用 例句

where引导的定语从句 在表示地点的名词后 相当于形容词在句中起到定语的作用不能放在句首 5

where引导的地点状语从句 在谓语动词或系表结构后 相当于副词，在整个句中作时间状语。表示强调时，可以放在句首。

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