东北大学英语阅读材料翻译解读

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argumentation the faceless teacher

互联网已经深入人心。无论一个人生活在偏远的小屋或硅谷,网上交流的潜力不能被忽略。面对21世纪,万维网在全球文化角色中必须扮演一个大胆的角色。这种“虚拟资源”网站像幽灵一样可以转移和消失,它将这样进行执行:在没有经过特定功能的仔细检查是不会被广泛应用的。互联网是一个无主的实体,在Web上的谴责和自由裁量权是个别发行商的责任。这就意味着一个学生会在信息爆炸的互联网上找到有用的信息。过分热心的使用电脑,甚至仅仅是为了减轻扎实的研究负担,有利于方便或为削减成本的险恶目的,将减少从一个创造性的过程中学习到一个点和点击的程序,有效地减少学生从社会学习一个网络部落的猎人和收集者依靠显示器的显示机器的能力和死记硬背。

电脑屏幕上空白的面容,像一个不露脸的老师,在线教育的未来是一个可怕的前景。信息像印刷业一样被呈现,然而转移的媒介正在消亡。学生可能接受相关的信息,但是,学习不是被动观察,是在动态的不确定性和意图中快速发生。学生进入课堂学习,同时另一个人必须提供细微差别,激励,和有意识的反馈,总之,就像简单的生物活性,激发学生的心灵。教授提供了另一个一生的经验与学生的个人现实对比。仅此相互作用打破个人偏见的约束,有助于形成一个重要的批判性思维技能:客观性。在正式课堂上,非正式的社会场景被抛至一旁,需求的是一个新的修辞学科和讨论。人类的老师,虽不是万无一失的,但对一个单一的问题可以提出不同的解决方案,表现出客观性和理解,以及论证解决问题的不同路径。计算机可以计算和显示,但教师可以计算和设计。

创新是一种用创造性的方法解决问题的能力,一个人如何能获得这种能力,直接面对问题和通过他们工作是唯一的方法,教育不仅提供原始数据而且提供处理原始数据和通过用创新塑造的把信息形成思想的模板的策略,最终的舞台会在挑战问题上使用这些武器,输入命令形成搜索引擎或从屏幕上删除一条错误的色情广告不教或甚至需要部分学生批判性思维或创新,课程隐藏在学习交叉引用,对话的根本的质询和在简单持续的痛快的点击鼠标中搜索非知识的如此重要的规律的过程中,信息获得的放松提供给学生大量的资源但是阻碍了批判性和灵活

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性的发展,参考解释这种材料的价值,计算机能够呈现但是不能教授,学生独自遨游在信息的海洋里,没有前进的办法。

如果学生被描绘成痴呆或懒惰,这是无意的,他们只是替罪羊。 虽然“虚拟教育”只需按键即可,这是可能性,而不是必然性,互联网是强大的,动力来自老师以及学生潜在的滥用。随着网络给了学生机会减少人为的介入,机构可能为了追求省钱而选择使用网络作为主要的课堂讨论方式。 研究学院或大学的财务战略时,也可以采用方程E = MC 2。 “E”替换为$“,”人力资源为“M”,“C”代表“时间”的平方。工作人员的工作时间乘以人数等于机构的金钱支出。 时间等于金钱,但节省下来的钱并不等于具有可比性的教育。 面对面的教育的质量,这是至关重要的,胜过了削减成本的措施。

机器运行良好需要机器,人工作好需要与人合作。 人类是社交动物组成的一个网络。 人体接触对思想的发展是必不可少的。 不过,将来的学生,由于无法控制,他们发现网络课程是他们唯一的教育手段。 在这种不幸的情况下,我们必须迁就任何教育的好坏。 但这些在线课程必须提供谨慎,而不应成为常态。

网络是一个教育援助的方式,就像一个计算器是一个数学的帮助。 计算器的高速数据处理能力,用这个很难学好代数。 同样情况,万维网不是一种达到目的的手段。 这不是宏伟的力量,而是人类智慧的。思想是人类最宝贵的资产,他的精密是人类最伟大的成就。 这他的演变比应该只是它应有的影响。共享知识在参与人类意识的塑造和成长中的作用是难以捉摸的。 在复杂的教育化学作用中,计算机只是一个工具。 真正的能量和力是在实验本身,教师是催化剂,学生是反应。

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1、追溯到上世纪60年代,人们对于电脑这种新科技发明在工作上对人工的替代性充满了恐惧和不当的担忧。如今,虽然很多人已经学者去适应了这种由电脑作用在社会上而带来的巨大冲击,但仍然有许多人担心电脑作为一个体系将在工作中取代他们并且破坏劳动力,然而,事实是电脑非但没有替代人工,反而给受雇者创造了更多的职位。

2、在过去的这些年,全球已经见证了电脑工业已经从最不被理解的行业之一发张为最被理解和可应用性最高的行业之一,电脑运营的许多发展将决定于未来电脑性能的发展上。电脑科技的发展,就像晶体管到硅片的发展转变也已经使得工业从一个只拥有小部分雇工的特殊领域转变为一个需要不断迎合新应用新用途的多样化工业体系。为了适应这种转变,一种对人才汇集的诉求便应运而生,从而去填补不断增加的工作缺口。

3、在雇佣关系中发生这种不可思议的发展,一种解释便是每个行业都需要计算机工作者,这些员工中有八成受雇于四个主要的产业分支:服务业,金融业,保险业和房地产业。例如,由《职业前景季刊》的数据显示,在1970年到1978年的时间段内,服务业,其中包括批发业、零售业和制造业在计算机方向的员工招聘数量增加了34%。

4、通过这十年的资料数据证明,计算机在被质疑的情况下,依然创造了大量的工作机会。由劳动部提供的数据显示,在20世纪80年代的五个发展最迅速的行业中,三个都是计算机行业,这三个行业包括:计算机服务技师,系统分析师和计算机编程人员。虽然这三个领域都对应聘者有中学以上学历教育背景的要求,但仍有许多工作只要求高中学历即可。这类工作包括计算机操作员,这个职业从1970年到现在从业人员已经增长了一倍,这在计算机行业的所有领域中是发展最快的;计算机销售员,他们相对于一般的销售员每年会有多出10%的工资;数据录入人员,他们的工资增长速度最快,现在每周平均工资$245,这些都是由计算机创造的,而不是几个大众型工作。

5、根据Scholastic 作者Andrew Calkins所提,到1990年75%的劳动力将在工作中通过某种方式使用电脑。从1970年到1978年的八年间计算机专业就业率增长显著,受雇人数比金融业总受雇人数高出2.5倍,这种增长速率期望可以

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继续以指数增长速率增长。正如你所看到的,计算机行业比起其它任何一个单独的行业能提供更多工作机会,《职业前景季刊》预测到1990年将有2,140,000的人受雇于计算机操作行业,同比1978年将上升85%。 6、 毫无疑问,有很多工作岗位等待着那些技能合格的工人和那些愿意学习提高的人。但是,常常存在一个争议--那些在工作岗位上被培养成半熟练而因计算机而失去工作年迈的人们,他们将不能适应与计算机相关的职业,或者被再教育来适应这些职业。毫无疑问,这将成为工业中主要涉及到到问题。许多公司已经着手于员工到再教育和客户的导向,从而使之适应计算机。有关“霍尼韦尔公司提供来二十小时的介绍”的言论在杂志和报纸上司空见惯。言外之意,这些广告意味着这些公司正在通过培训来面对这个问题。例如,数据控制公司有一个组织来教员工使用plato软件,其他公司用这种软件来培训员工使用计算机。除此之外,最常见的继续教育,包括在校教育,在职教育,大学和职业院校的课程补充学习。这些有利于再教育和启蒙教育,但这只存在于一些公司。换句话说,尽管存在着适应性问题,但这些是可以认识的,可以克服的。

总的来说,计算机产业在社会中产生了引人注目的影响。由计算机创造的就业机会帮助我们发展经济,提高生活水平,而不仅仅是了解他们。无论如何,我们的社会必须面对充满挑战的未来,必须学会怎样利用计算机的全部性能。如果这成为现实,科学技术将触及我们的物质世界,正如你所看到的那样,这将创造更多种类的工作,因而发展歌更多的职业

IS TOURISM JUST COLONIALISM IN ANOTHER GUISE

旅游业是另一种形式的殖民主义吗?

By DAVID NICHOLSON-LORD

Tourism has seriously damaged fragile ecosystems like the Alps, the winter skiing

旅游业已严重损害脆弱的生态系统,如阿尔卑斯山,欧洲冬季滑雪游乐场,喜马拉雅山

playground of Europe, and the trekking areas of the Himalayas. Worldwide, it poses a

的徒步地区。 旅游业在世界范围内对

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serious threat to coastal habitats like dunes, mangrove forests and coral reefs. It fuels

沙丘、红树林和珊瑚礁等沿海栖息地构成了严重威胁。 它助长了

a booming and usually illegal trade in the products of threatened wildlife, from tortois

一个很蓬勃的而且通常是对于濒危野生动物产品的非法交易,这些包括玳瑁,珊瑚和象牙。

-eshell and coral to ivory. Its \tatio

它的“消费者”,不可避免地带来他们的生活习惯和与他们

的期

-ns with them--whether it's hot showers and flush toilets or well-watered greens for go

望—无论是热水淋浴和抽水马桶或浇水果岭的球手。

-lfers. In the Himalayas, showers for trekkers often mean firewood, which means defo

在喜马拉雅山淋浴跋涉往往意味着柴火,这意味着砍伐森林。

-restation. In Hawaii and Barbados, it was found that each tourist used between six an

在夏威夷和巴巴多斯有人发现,每一位游客比当地的居民使用六到十倍的水

和电。

-d ten times as much water and electricity as a local. In Goa villagers forced to walk

在果阿被迫步行到口井打水的村民

to wells for their water had to watch as a pipeline to a new luxury hotel was built thro-

只能眼睁睁看着这些水管,他们就像一个建在他们的土地上并通往一个豪华旅馆的通道

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ugh their land. Over the past decade golf, because of its appetite for land, water and

在过去十年中的高尔夫球场,由于对土地、水和除草剂的需求,已经出现的

herbicides, has emerged as one of the biggest culprits, so much so that \

最大的罪魁祸首之一,以至于“高尔夫球场战争”已经在东南亚部分地区爆发;

-e broken out in parts of Southeast Asia; campaigners in Japan, one of the chief expon

在日本运动家,高尔夫旅游的主要代表人

物之一,

-ents of golf tourism, have launched an annual World No Golf Day.

相继推出了一年一度的世界无高尔夫球日。

This is not to say tourism can't do some good--but the cost-benefit equation is com

这并不是说旅游业不能有好的方面—但成本效益关系非常复杂。

-plex. Historic monuments, houses and gardens thrive on visitors. Throughout much

历史古迹,房屋和花园的游客数量迅速增长。 纵观世界许多地方, of the world, but notably in southern and eastern Africa, tourism underpins the surviva

特别是在非洲南部和东部,旅游业是野生动物生存的基础。

-l of wildlife. Why else would small farmers put up with elephants trampling their cro

另外为什么小农要忍受大象践踏他们的庄稼?

-ps? Whale watching is now a bigger business than whaling. In the uplands of Rwand-

看鲸鱼表演比捕鲸更有市场。 在卢旺达高地,据电

影表

a, known to millions through the film Gorillas in the Mist, the mountain gorilla's salva

明数以百万计的大猩猩生活在薄雾高地,山地大猩猩的救住部分来自于小团体游客所产生的

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-tion lies partly in the income and interest generated by tourists visiting in small group

收入和利息。

-s. In Kenya a lion's worth is estimated at $7,000 a year in tourist income--for an elep-

在肯尼亚狮子的价值估计为每年7,000美元的旅游收入而一个象群是610000美元。 hant herd the figure is $610,000. And if large animals, with large ranges, are protected

如果大型动物,具有很大范围的,受到保护,那么

它们

, then so are their habitats--the national parks.

的栖息地--国家公园也会受到保护。

Yet none of these gains are unqualified. To get to see your whales and your gorill

然而,这些收益都是不合格的。 例如,要想看到鲸鱼和大猩猩,你可以驾

-as, for example, you have to travel, by car, coach or plane. Each time you do so you'r

车,乘坐巴士或飞机去旅行。 每次你这样做相当于你有效

-e effectively setting fire to a small reservoir of gasoline--and releasing several roomf-

地放火烧毁一座小型水库的汽油并且排放几个满屋子的二氧化碳到大气中。

uls of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Transport is the world's fastest growing sou

交通运输是世界上增长最快的二氧化碳

排放

-rce of carbon dioxide emissions; leisure travel accounts for half of all transport; and

源; 休闲旅游占所有运输的一半;

Americans, the most peripatetic of the planet's residents, are responsible for puffing

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美国人,这个星球上最逍遥的居民,每年向大气膨化五吨以上的碳。

more than five tons of carbon each into the atmosphere every year. That's nearly 107.4

这是留在家里

的孟

times the rate of the stay-at-home Bangladeshis. The cumulative result of such activit

加拉居民排放率的近107.4倍。 这种活动的积累是在地球历史上最

-y is one of the biggest disruptions in the Earth's history--global warming, climate cha

大的阻碍—全球变暖,气候变化和海平面上升。

-nge and rising seas.

长难句:

In Goa villagers forced to walk to wells for their water had to watch as a pipeline to a new luxury hotel was built through their land.

解析:forced to walk to wells for their water做定语修饰villagers. “was built

through their land.”做定语修饰hotel.句子的谓语动词为had to.

整句翻译为:在果阿被迫步行到口井打水的村民只能眼睁睁看着这些水管,他们就

像一个建在他们的土地上并通往一个豪华旅馆的通道。

词汇:

? fragile adj. 脆的;易碎的 inevitably

adv. 不可避免地;必然

?

的;

pipeline n. 管道;输油管;传递途径 unqualified adj. 不合格的;无资格

?

leisure n. 闲暇;空闲;安逸 tortoiseshell n. 龟甲;玳瑁壳;玳瑁

Some observers now argue that tourism can strengthen local cultures by

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encouraging 一些观察者发现,通过鼓励了解传统、仪式以及伴随的节日,旅游业可以加强当

an awareness of tradition and the ceremonies and festivals that go with it. But what’s

地的文化 但是,如果

the value of tradition if it’s kept alive self-consciously, for profit, and bears little 传统的存在只是自觉地为了利益,而根本与生活无关—它在今天整个世界都变得

relation to real life—which, today, across the world, grows ever uniform? Hence the

越来越统一,那么传统价值又是什么呢? 因此拒绝参

dismissive references to “human zoos,” “airport art” and the trinketization of cultures

考“人类动物园”,“飞机场艺术”和文化的trinketization.

Those are questions that apply as much to fox hunting in Britain and Carnival in Rio

这些问题适用于从对在英国捕猎和在里约热内卢的狂欢的欺骗到泰国食人族之

de Janeiro as to so-called cannibal tours in Thailand. What’s undeniable is that 行 不可否认的是旅游业在一种或

tourism, in one way or another, changes tradition, and for many people, particularly in

其他方式改变了传统,对于很多人来说,特别是在第三世界,它改变了外观并且

the Third World, that change looks and feels like degradation. 感觉退化了

Part of the problem is that tourism is colonialism in another guise-economic

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问题的部分原因是,旅游业是殖民主义的另一个伪装的经济而不是政治. rather than political. Hence it rubs hard against the growing worldwide movement

因此,在当地或民族的自我规定的全球化运动不断增长下,

for local or national self-determination. But there are also some profound and often

它艰难前行。 但也有一些深刻的感知往往是不可调和的分

irreconcilable differences in perception 歧。 of

人们为什么想要旅行? 简单的回答集中在逃脱这个概念 What makes people want to travel? The short answer centers on the concept

escape. According to Jost Krippendorf, the Swiss academic who is one of the leading

根据一名对现代旅游业具有权威的瑞士学者,Jost Krippendorf,他认为

authorities on modern tourism, people travel because “they no longer feel happy 人们旅游是因为他们在他们所在的地方,他们工作的地方,他们居住的地方,他

where they are- where they work, where they live. They feel the monotony of the

们不在感到快乐 他们觉得日常生活的单调,冷静

daily routine, the cold rationality of factories, offices, apartment blocks and 理性的工厂,办公室,公寓楼和运输,减少了人们的接触,自然和本性的缺失。

transport,shrinking human contact…the loss of nature and naturalness.” MaCannell

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MaCannell认为,

argues that mass tourism is a product of the “most depersonalized” epoch in history.

大众旅游是一种产品的“个性”时代。

Well, maybe. It’s true that people with gardens, or those who live in small towns, take

那么,可能是。那些有花园或者住在小城镇的人们与公寓居民或者城市居民相比

fewer holidays than apartment-block residents or city dwellers. It’s probably also true

假期时间更少。 我们偶尔称之为“生

that what we casually refer to as the “pressures of daily life”-work, family, always felt

活压力”—工作,家庭,他们经常会让我们渴望一些超过生活经常提供给他们的

a desire for something more than their life routinely offers them- something, well,

好的,不同的东西,这些也可能是真的。

different. It’s partly because humans are naturally inquisitive and exploratory but

一部分原因是人类天生好奇和探索的同时,更重要的,因为我们需要未知,宗教历史学家称

also, and more significant, because we need the unknown, what historians of religion

之为“他者“,它使我们的生活变得有意义。

call “otherness,” to lend our lives significance. So we conceive of ideal

因此我们设想黄金时代,天堂,亚特兰蒂斯,香worlds-Paradise, the Golden Age,

Heaven, Atlantis, Shangri-La-and dream,

格里拉和梦想,有时,设想实现它们。

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sometimes, of attaining them.

长难句:

It’s probably also true that what we casually refer to as the “pressures of daily life”-work, family, always felt a desire for something more than their life routinely offers them- something, well, different.

(1) It指代后面的整个主语从句

(2) what we casually refer to as the “pressures of daily life”-work, family又是一个主语从句

(3) refer to 指代“涉及,参考”的含义 (4) feel desire for sth 指“渴望某事”

Modern tourism routinely, and often shamelessly, exploits such myths, as the most casual glance

现代旅游业总是老一套并且十分无耻地开发这样的神话故事,这些随便在小册子上随便一瞥

through just about any brochure will attest. It is ably assisted by the travel-writing business, which,

就可以得到证实。 这些还很巧妙的用游记产业来辅助配合, while purporting to be independent, is actually part of the marketing operation, complete with writers

虽然声称这些游记是独立的,但是实际上是市场操作的一部分,

who depend for their livelihoods on the tour or resort operators Millions of people are thus launched

连同那些生计依赖于旅游或度假胜地运营商的作家。每年成百万的人因此而出发去寻找天堂或

yearly on a quest for paradise, or a voyage of self-discovery, into the midst of millions of others going

者自我发现的航行,从而成为与他们一样的为之日日夜夜工作的人们

about their daily business. Visions of reality collide, often resoundingly, which helps to

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explain why

现实的幻想的碰撞,往往成功,也帮助解释了为什么游客会在埃及被拍下来

tourist have been shot in Egypt and pelted with cow dung and rotten fish in Goa and why many

且被扔牛粪与死鱼在果阿以及为什么许多一些原始热带岛屿的

natives of Hawaii——one of the archetypal tropical island “paradises”—want a boycott of tourism,

夏威夷原住民并想要联合抵制旅游业,并且被一些历史上

describing it as “the plague” suffered by a “historically oppressed people.” 受压迫的人描写为瘟疫。

Faced with such responses, and with evidence of growing dissatisfaction, and unease, from its most

面对这样的反应与证据,不满与不安日益严重,从挑剔的国内市场,

discerning markets at home, the tourist industry has in the nineties made some attempts at reform.

旅游业在九十年代做了一些改革尝试。

Voluntary schemes such as Green Globe and the International Hotels Environment Initiative exhort us

自发的计划比如绿色全球与国际酒店环境管理协会劝告我们,

to shower rather than bathe, to confine ourselves to a single towel. Many tour operators have adopted

用淋浴替代洗澡,限制自己使用一个毛巾。许多旅行社都采用了环保方针

environmental guidelines We now have green or ”eco” tourism, supposedly a small-scale, 我们现在有绿色或“eco”旅游,可能成为为一个小规模的、

environmentally friendly alternative to the mass version. In 1995 the first U.N.-sponsored World

环境友好的而替代大众版旅游。

Conference on Sustainable Tourism was staged; government and industry representatives from more

在1995年第一个联合国赞助的世界旅游业的可持续发展会议举行了,有政府和行业代表

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than 150 countries turned up . More of us, it seems, are aware of the problem, and want to do the right

来自150多个国家出席。似乎更多的我们已经意识到这个问题,并且想要做有益的事。 thing. One poll by the World Trade Organization showed that 85 percent of German tourists want an

一项据世界贸易组织的调查显示, 85%的德国游客想要一个

“environmentally correct” holiday. Forty percent of Americans are said to be interested in “life

“环境有益”的节日。百分之四十的美国人表示有兴趣“提升生活” enhancing,” as opposed to “sun seeking,” travel. ,而不是“寻找阳光”旅游。

(1)It is ably assisted by the travel-writing business, which, while purporting to be independent, is actually part of the marketing operation, complete with writers who depend for their livelihoods on the tour or resort operators.

这些还很巧妙的用游记产业来辅助配合,虽然声称这些游记是独立的,但是实际上是市场操作的一部分,连同那些生计依赖于旅游或度假胜地运营商的作家。

(2)Faced with such responses, and with evidence of growing dissatisfaction, and unease, from its most discerning markets at home, the tourist industry has in the nineties made some attempts at reform.

面对这样的反应与证据,从最敏锐的国内市场发出不满与不安日益严重,旅游业在九十年代做了一些改革尝试。

(3)We now have green or ‘eco’ tourism, supposedly a small-scale, environmentally friendly alternative to the mass version.

我们现在有绿色或“eco”旅游,可能成为为一个小规模的、环境友好的而替代大众版旅游。 词汇:

quest n. 追求;寻找vi. 追求; paradise n 天堂 midst n. 当中,中间 prep.在…中间 go about 从事,着手做 vision n.势力,美景,幻想;vt.想象 collide vi.&vt.碰撞

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resoundingly adv.成功地 pelt vt.攻击,投掷,剥皮 archetypal adj.原型的 tropical adj.热带的 plague n.瘟疫 exhort vt. 忠告

By themselves, however, good intentions are not enough.

然而,根据他们自己的说法,仅有好的意图是不够的。

Eco-tourism, for example, has been caricatured, with justice, as “

ego-tourism\

smug,

up-market

restyling of the

same old

model.

举个例子,生态旅游已经被歪曲成“自我旅行”,一个从旧模式到高档次的新模式的重新定义。

Supposedly independent travelers, it is argued, priding themselves on, their initiative and their individuality, are merely tourists in mufti—

有人认为,那些一向以自己的行动和他们的个性为荣的所谓的独立旅行者,只是游客穿便装。

they're still rich (relatively), alien and passing through. 他们仍然是富有的(相对地),陌生的和经过的人。

And why, when both have roughly similar effects, should \be regarded as superior to the sun-seeking version?

为什么对于两个有着相似效果的旅行,“升华生命“的旅行就比”追求阳光“的旅行高级呢?

At least the latter is honest about its motives. 至少,后者的动机是诚实的。

In truth, there are no easy answers to the dilemmas posed by mass tourism. 事实上,旅行业所造成的这种尴尬问题是没有一个简单的答案的。 Awareness, certainly, is a step forward--the knowledge of what it means to be a tourist.

自我意识,当然是一个进步,更是一种对于作为一个旅行者的真正意义的理解。

With that comes the ability to make better choices, where and how and even

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whether to travel.

那样就能够对于在哪、如何、甚至是否旅行做出更好的选择。

An increasing number of nonprofit organizations offer working holidays, in which the economic and social asymmetries that lie at the heart of the holiday industry are somewhat redressed: The tourist takes but also gives.

越来越多的非盈利组织提供工作旅行,(原有的)经济和社会的不公平现象得到重新调整,在这样的旅行中,旅行者有所得但也有所付出。

Among the best-known is the environmental research organization Earthwatch. 其中,最著名的就是环境研究机构Earthwatch。

Such initiatives are undoubtedly one of the ways forward for tourism. 对于旅游业来说,这样的措施无疑是一种进步。

The world, clearly, is not going to stop taking holidays--but equally clearly we can no longer afford to ignore the consequences.

很显然,这个世界不能停止旅游业,但是显然我们也承担不了忽视这些问题(的责任)。

And if one of the major culprits has been the industrialization of travel, a genuinely postindustrial tourism, with the emphasis on people and places rather than product and profits, could turn out to be significantly more planet-friendly.

并且,如果罪魁祸首是产业化的旅行业,那么一个后产业化的旅行业,强调人和地点,而不是产品和利润,这样的旅游业可能会对于环境友好建设有重要意义。

长难句:

An increasing number of nonprofit organizations offer working holidays, in which the economic and social asymmetries that (which)lie at the heart of the holiday industry are somewhat redressed: The tourist takes but also gives.

(1) In which引导定语从句

在in which引导的定语从句中嵌套由that引导的定语从句,其中,先行词是asymmetries。

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Single parent struggle 单亲斗争

For many years,children growing up in a single parent family have been viewed 很多年来,生长在单亲家庭的孩子被认为是不同的,

as different. Being raised by only one parent seems impossible to many yet over the

被养在单身家庭似乎是不可能的但是经过几十年下按在已经变得非常普遍 decades it become more prevalent. In today’s society many children have grown up to

在今天的社会里,无论他们有一个或两个父母来告诉他们对于全人类生命赋予他

become emotionally stable and successful whether they had one or two parents to 们崎岖坎坷的人生道路,他们都已经变成了情感稳定、在各方面都成功的人。show them the rocky path that life bestows upon all human beings. The problem lies

问题就归结到单亲和双亲抚养孩子的不同上来。

in the difference of children raised by single parents versus children raised by both a mother and a father. Dose the government provide help for single parents? What role

政府为这些单身家庭提供帮助吗?继父和继兄弟扮演着什么样的角色? do step-parents and step-siblings play? With much speculation this topic has become a

有了这些思考,这个问题变得非常有趣。

very intriguing argument . What people must understand is that properly raising a 需要人们理解的是正确地抚养一个孩子不依赖与这个家庭的结构而更加应该关

child dose not rely on the structure of a family but should be more focused in the 注的是这个孩子在成熟过程中被教给的价值观。那些单亲家庭的孩子可以和双亲

process or values that are taught to these children as they learn to mature.

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Children of

家庭的孩子一样在情感、社会关系和行为取得进步。

single parents can be just as progressive with emotional, social and behavioral skills

as those with two parents.

People claim that the only way for children to gain full emotional and behavioral 人们宣称将孩子抚养成为情感和行为的技能的唯一方法是由父母一起抚养, skills is to be raised by both a mother and a father. When a topic such an this one has

当面对例如这样一个问题时,它有很都变量,所以仅仅将问题与单身父母联系是

a broad amount of variables it is impossible to simply link these problems to only 不可能的。

having one parent. In the article, “single-parent families cause juvenile crime”, author

在这篇文章中 “单亲家庭导致了青少年犯罪”,作者Robert L.Maginnis指出“来

Robert L.Maginnis states, “Children form single-parent families are more likely to

自单亲家庭的孩子更有可能有行为问题,因为他们一般都缺少经济安全保障和父have behavior problems because they tend to lack economic security and adequate

time with parents ”. The simple statement that raw criminals are products of 母足够的相处时间”。新的犯罪是单身家庭青少年的产物这种经简单思考得出的

single-parent adolescence is absurd. What this writer must understand is that it can be 结论是荒谬的。这个作者必须理解的是很多原因来解释对单亲父母来亲自抚养孩

extremely difficult for one parent to raise a child by themselves for many reasons.

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A子是多么艰难。一个单亲父母必须全天工作来养活自己和他的孩子。

single parent must work full time to be able to afford to provide for themselves and

their child. They must also be able to still have time to offer an exuberant amount of

他们也必须为了他们自己孩子花费时间来进行的情感交流

emotional time for the well being of their child. However, even though this may seem

但是,这可能看起来不可能,但事实上它确实这样做了。 impossible, it can be done 。

难句翻译:

1、 In today’s society many children have grown up to become emotionally

stable and successful whether they had one or two parents to show them the rocky path that life bestows upon all human beings.

在今天的社会里,无论他们有一个或两个父母来告诉他们对于全人类生命赋予他们崎岖坎坷的人生道路,他们都已经变成了情感稳定、在各方面都成功的人。

2、 When a topic such as this one has a broad amount of variables it is

impossible to simply link these problems to only having one parent.

当面对例如这样一个问题时,它有很都变量,所以仅仅将问题与单身父母联系是不可能的。

3、 The simple statement that raw criminals are products of single-parent

adolescence is absurd.

新的犯罪是单身家庭青少年的产物这种经简单思考得出的结论是荒谬的

词汇:

Bestow vt赠予、赋予 Step-parent继父母 Step-siblings继兄弟 Speculation n思考

Juvenile crime 青少年犯罪 Raw adj 生的;未加工的; Adolescence n 青春期 Exuberant adj 生机勃勃的、充

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解析:本句有两个从句,第一个从句是(从句1:who sees this from a very young age until they are ready to be out on their own),是修饰主语a child。第二个从句是(从句2:that they have ever known.),修饰footsteps。

搭配:to be out on their own 自己独立出去住

Not all families are lucky enough to have a healthy structure. It is important for society and

不是所有家庭都足够幸运有一个健康的结构。 对社会和政府救助机构来说注意到

government aids to notice these structural differences and take action. There should be

这些结构上的差异, 并采取行动是很重要的。 政府应该资助项目来

government funded programs to help assist single-parent families with childcare and finances for

向需要那些必须工作还得花时间照顾孩子单亲家庭提供儿童托管和经济上的帮助。 parents who must work and still have time for their children.

Whether it is a mother and a father, a single mother, or a single father, children need guidance.

不管它是一个母亲和一个父亲,一个单身母亲,或一个单一的父亲的家庭,孩子需要指导。 They will only become a product of what they are taught from a young age and these children are 他们只会成为他们从一个年轻的年龄所学的产品,这些孩子们在感情上被大量的在他们成长deeply affected emotionally by the amount of love and compassion that is put into raising them.

的时爱和同情深深影响。

Whichever family structure is implied it must be one of respect and strong moral values 无论哪种家庭结构它必须具有那些总有一天可以传递给他们的家庭尊重和强烈的道德价值

that they can someday pass on to their family.

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观。

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