ASTM D 6264-1998

Standard Test Method for Measuring Damage Resistance of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer-Matrix Composite to Concentrated Quasi-Static Indentation Force

Designation:D6264–98(Reapproved2004)

StandardTestMethodfor

MeasuringDamageResistanceofFiber-ReinforcedPolymer-MatrixCompositetoConcentratedQuasi-StaticIndentationForce1

Thisstandardisissuedunderthe xeddesignationD6264;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginaladoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon(e)indicatesaneditorialchangesincethelastrevisionorreapproval.

1.Scope

1.1Aquasi-staticindentation(QSI)testmethodisusedtoobtainquantitativemeasurementsofthedamageresistanceofacontinuous- ber-reinforcedcompositematerialtoaconcen-tratedindentationforce(Fig.1).Theindentationforceisappliedtothespecimenbyslowlypressingahemisphericalindenterintothesurface.Proceduresarespeci edfordeter-miningthedamageresistanceforasimplysupportedtestspecimenandforarigidlybackedtestspecimen.Thedamageresistanceisquanti edintermsofacriticalcontactforceassociatedwithasingleeventorsequenceofeventstocauseaspeci csizeandtypeofdamageinthespecimen.Thesetestsmaybeusedtoscreenmaterialsfordamageresistanceortoin ictdamageintoaspecimenforsubsequentdamagetoler-ancetesting.Thistestmethodislimitedtousewithcompositesconsistingoflayersofunidirectional bersorlayersoffabric.Thistestmethodmayproveusefulforothertypesandclassesofcompositematerials.Certaininterferences,however,havebeennoted(see6.7).

1.2ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsaretoberegardedasstandard.Thevaluesgiveninparenthesesareprovidedforinformationpurposesonly.

1.3Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappro-priatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplica-bilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.2.ReferencedDocuments2.1ASTMStandards:2

D883TerminologyRelatingtoPlastics

FIG.1Quasi-StaticIndentationTest

ThisstandardisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD30onCompositeMaterialsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD30.05onStructuralTestMethods.

CurrenteditionapprovedMar.1,stpreviouseditionapprovedin1998asD6264–98.2

ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@.ForAnnualBookofASTMStandardsvolumeinformation,refertothestandard’sDocumentSummarypageontheASTM

website.

1

D2734TestMethodsforVoidContentofReinforcedPlas-tics

D3171TestMethodforConstituentContentofCompositeMaterials

D3878TerminologyforCompositeMaterials

D5229/D5229MTestMethodforMoistureAbsorptionPropertiesandEquilibriumConditioningofPolymerMa-trixCompositeMaterials

D5687/D5687MGuideforPreparationofFlatCompositePanelsWithProcessingGuidelinesforSpecimenPrepara-tion

E4PracticesforForceVeri cationofTestingMachinesE6TerminologyRelatingtoMethodsofMechanicalTest-ing

E18TestMethodsforRockwellHardnessandRockwellSuper cialHardnessofMetallicMaterials

E122PracticeforCalculatingSampleSizetoEstimate,WithaSpeci edTolerableError,theAverageforaCharacteristicofaLotorProcess

3.Terminology

3.1De nitions—TerminologyD3878de nestermsrelatingtohigh-modulus bersandtheircomposites.TerminologyD883de nestermsrelatingtoplastics.TerminologyE6de nestermsrelatingtomechanicaltesting.Intheeventofa

Copyright©ASTMInternational,100BarrHarborDrive,POBoxC700,WestConshohocken,PA19428-2959,UnitedStates.

1

Standard Test Method for Measuring Damage Resistance of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer-Matrix Composite to Concentrated Quasi-Static Indentation Force

con ictbetweenterms,TerminologyD3878shallhaveprece-denceovertheotherstandards.

3.2De nitionsofTermsSpeci ctoThisStandard—Thetermsinthistestmethodmaycon ictwithgeneralusage.Thereisnotyetanestablishedconsensusconcerningtheuseoftheseterms.Thefollowingdescriptionsareintendedonlyforuseinthistestmethod.

NOTE1—Ifthetermrepresentsaphysicalquantity,itsanalyticaldimensionsarestatedimmediatelyfollowingtheterm(orlettersymbol)infundamentaldimensionform,usingthefollowingASTMstandardsym-bologyforfundamentaldimensionsshownwithinsquarebrackets:[M]formass,[L]forlength,[T]fortime,[u]forthermodynamictemperature,and[nd]eofthesesymbolsisrestrictedtoanalyticaldimensionswhenusedwithsquarebrackets,asthesymbolsmayhaveotherde nitionswhenusedwithoutthebrackets.

3.2.1contactforce,F[MLT 2],n—thetotalforceappliednormaltothefaceofthespecimenbytheindenter.

3.2.2damage,n—instructuresandstructuralmaterials,astructuralanomalyinamaterialorstructurecreatedbymanufacturingorserviceusage.

3.2.3damageresistance,n—instructuresandstructuralmaterials,ameasureoftherelationshipbetweentheforce,energy,orotherparameter(s)associatedwithaneventorsequenceofeventsandtheresultingdamagesizeandtype.3.2.4dentdepth,d[L],n—residualdepthofthedepressionformedbyanindenterafterremovalofload.Thedentdepthshallbede nedasthemaximumdistanceinadirectionnormaltothefaceofthespecimenfromthelowestpointinthedenttotheplaneoftheindentedsurfacethatisundisturbedbythedent.

3.2.5F1force,F1[MLT 2],n—contactforceatwhichtheforce/indenterdisplacementcurvehasadiscontinuityinforceorslope.

3.2.6indenterdisplacement,d[L],n—thedisplacementoftheindenterrelativetothespecimensupport.

3.2.7maximumforce,Fcontactforcealaminatewillmax[MLT 2],n—themaximumresist.ThisforceisobtainedfromtheF/dcurveafterapointisreachedwherethecontactforcedoesnotincreasewithincreasingindenterdisplacement.3.3Symbols:d=dentdepth(see3.2.4).F=contactforce(see3.2.1).F=FF1=1force(see3.2.5).

maximumforce(see3.2.7).

Nmax=

numberofplygroupsinalaminate’sstackingd

=sequence.

indenterdisplacement(see3.2.6).

4.SummaryofTestMethod

4.1Thequasi-staticindentation(QSI)testisusedtomea-surethedamageresistanceofauniform-thicknesslaminatedcompositespecimen.Anindentationforceisappliedslowlybypressingadisplacement-controlledhemisphericalindenterintothefaceofthespecimen.Thedisplacementisincreaseduntilthedesireddamagestateisreached.Proceduresarespeci edfordeterminingthedamageresistanceforasimplysupportedtestspecimenandforarigidlybackedtestspecimen.Thedamageresponseisafunctionofthetestcon guration.

4.2Arecordoftheappliedcontactforce/indenterdisplace-ment(F/d)isrecordedoneitheranX-Yrecorder,anequivalentreal-timeplottingdevice,orstoreddigitallyandpostprocessed.5.Signi canceandUse

5.1Susceptibilitytodamagefromconcentratedindentationforcesisoneofthemajorweaknessesofmanystructuresmadeofadvancedlaminatedcomposites.Knowledgeofthedamageresistanceofalaminatedcompositematerialsubjectedtoaconcentratedindentationforceisusefulforproductdevelop-mentandmaterialselection.

5.2TheQSItestmethodcanservethefollowingpurposes:5.2.1Toestablishquantitativelytheeffectsofstackingsequence, bersurfacetreatment,variationsin bervolumefraction,andprocessingandenvironmentalvariablesonthedamageresistanceofaparticularcompositelaminatetoaconcentratedquasi-staticindentationforce.

5.2.2Tocomparequantitativelytherelativevaluesofthedamageresistanceparametersforcompositematerialswithdifferentconstituents.Thedamageresponseparametersincluded,F1,andFmax,aswellastheF/dcurve.

5.2.3Toplaceacontrolledamountofdamageinaspecimenforsubsequentdamagetolerancetests.

5.2.4Toisolateandmeasuretheindentationresponseofthespecimenwithoutbending(rigidlybackedcon guration).6.Interferences

6.1TheQSItestsimulatestheforce/displacementrelation-shipsofmanyimpactsgovernedbyboundaryconditions(1-7).3Thesearetypicallyrelativelylarge-masslow-velocityhard-bodyimpactsonplateswitharelativelysmallunsup-portedregion.Thistestmethoddoesnotaddresswavepropa-gationandvibrationsinthespecimen,time-dependentmaterialbehavior,orinertia-dominatedimpactevents.

6.2Thedamageresponseofaspecimenisdependentonmanyfactors,includingtheindentergeometryandspecimensupportconditions.Consequently,comparisonscannotbemadebetweenmaterialsunlessidenticaltestcon gurations,identicaltestconditions,andidenticallaminatesareused.Therefore,alldeviationsfromthestandardtestcon gurationshouldbereportedintheresults.

6.3ForceF1doesnotrepresenttheinitiationofdamage,butgenerallyrepresentswhenthedisplacementoftheindenterisaffectedbylarge-scaledamageformation.Typically,matrixcracksandsmalldelaminationsformbeforethisforce.

6.4Thedentdepthmay“relax”orreducewithtimeoruponexposuretodifferentenvironmentalconditions.

6.5Treatmentandinterpretationofdelaminationgrowtharebeyondthescopeofthistestmethod.

6.6MaterialandSpecimenPreparation—Poormaterialfabricationpractices,lackofcontrolof beralignment,anddamageinducedbyimpropercouponmachiningareknowncausesofhighmaterialdatascatterincomposites.

6.7ApplicationtoOtherMaterials,Lay-Ups,andArchitec-tures:

3

Theboldfacenumbersinparenthesesrefertothelistofreferencesattheendofthis

standard.

Standard Test Method for Measuring Damage Resistance of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer-Matrix Composite to Concentrated Quasi-Static Indentation Force

6.7.1TheQSItestprimarilyhasbeenusedfortestingcarbon- ber-reinforcedtapeandfabriclaminateswithpolymermatrices.Forothermaterials,aquitedifferentresponsemayoccur.

6.7.2Nonlaminated,3D ber-reinforced,ortextilecompos-itesmayfailbydifferentmechanismsthanlaminates.Themostcriticaldamagemaybeintheformofmatrixcrackingor berfailure,orboth,ratherthandelaminations.7.Apparatus

7.1TestingMachine—ThetestingmachineshallbeinconformancewithPracticesE4andshallsatisfythefollowingrequirements:

7.1.1TestingMachineHeads—Thetestingmachineshallhavebothanessentiallystationaryheadandamovablehead.7.1.2DriveMechanism—Thetestingmachinedrivemecha-nismshallbecapableofimpartingtothemovableheadacontrolledvelocitywithrespecttothestationaryhead.Thevelocityofthemovableheadshallbecapableofbeingregulatedasspeci edin11.6.

7.1.3LoadIndicator—Thetestingmachineload-sensingdeviceshallbecapableofindicatingthetotalloadbeingcarriedbythetestspecimen.Thisdeviceessentiallyshallbefreefrominertialagatthespeci edrateoftestingandshallindicatetheloadwithanaccuracyovertheloadrange(s)ofinterestofwithin61%oftheindicatedvalue.

7.1.4Grips—Thetopheadofthetestingmachineshallcarryagriptoholdtheindentersuchthatthedirectionofloadappliedtothespecimeniscoincidentwiththeaxisoftravel.Thegripshallapplysufficientpressuretopreventslippageoftheindenter.Thelowerheadshallhaveameansofattachinga atrigidsupport.

7.2FlatRigidSupport—A atrigidsurfaceshallbeat-tachedtothelowerheadandusedtosupportthespecimenortest xture.Thesupportsurfaceshallbenormaltotheaxisoftravelofthetestingmachineheadandhavealargeenoughsurfacetosupportcompletelythespecimenortest xture.Aconvenientmeansofprovidingthissurfaceisthroughtheuseofametal“T”inwhichthelowerpartofthe“T”isclampedinthelowergripsandthetoppartofthe“T”providesthesupportsurface.Iftherigidlybackedcon gurationistobeused,thissupportshallbemadefromsteelwithaminimumthicknessof12.7mm(0.5in.).

7.3Indenter—Theindentershallhaveasmoothhemispheri-caltipwithadiameterof12.760.1mm(0.50060.003in.)andahardnessof60to62HRCasspeci edinTestMethodsE18.Ifadifferentindenterisusedaspartofthetesting,theshapeanddimensionsshallbenoted.

7.4IndenterDisplacementIndicator—Theaxialdisplace-mentoftheindenterrelativetothesupport xturemaybeestimatedasthecrossheadtravel,providedthedeformationofthetestingmachineandsupport xtureislessthan2%ofthecrossheadtravel.Ifnot,theindenterdisplacementshallbeobtainedfromaproperlycalibratedexternalgageortransducerlocatedbetweentheindenterandthesupport xtureortherigidsupportsurface.Thedisplacementindicatorshallindicatethedisplacementwithanaccuracyof61%ofthethicknessofthespecimen.

7.5LoadVersusIndenterDisplacement(FVersusd)Record—AnX-Yplotter,orsimilardevice,shallbeusedtomakeapermanentrecordduringthetestofloadversusindenterdisplacement.Alternatively,thedatamaybestoreddigitallyandpostprocessed.

7.6SpecimenSupport—Thedamageresistancemaybedeterminedforaspecimenthatissimplysupportedorrigidlybacked.Forbothcon gurations,thespecimen’sfaceshallbeheldnormaltotheaxisoftheindenter.

7.6.1SimplySupportedCon guration—The xtureshallconsistofasingleplatewitha127.062.5mm(5.0060.10in.)diameteropeningmadefromastructuralmetalsuchasaluminumorsteel.Thetoprimoftheopeningshallberoundedwitharadiusof0.7560.25mm(0.0360.01in.).Theplateshallbesufficientlylargetosupporttheentirelowersurfaceofthespecimen,excludingthecircularopening.Thethicknessoftheplateshallbeaminimumof25mm(1.0in.)andgreaterthantheexpectedmaximumindenterdisplacement.Atypicalsupport xtureisshowninFig.2.

7.6.2RigidlyBackedCon guration—Thespecimenshallbeplaceddirectlyonthe atrigidsupportthatismountedinthelowerheadofthetestingmachine.Forthiscon guration,thesupportshallbemadefromsteelwithaminimumthicknessof12.7mm(0.5in.).

7.7Micrometers—Themicrometer(s)shalluseasuitablesizediameterball-interfaceonirregularsurfacessuchasthebag-sideofalaminate,anda atanvilinterfaceonmachinedorverysmoothtooledsurfaces.Theaccuracyoftheinstru-mentsshallbesuitableforreadingtowithin1%ofthesamplewidthandthickness.Fortypicalspecimengeometries,aninstrumentwithanaccuracyof62.5µm[60.0001in.]isdesirableforthicknessmeasurement,whileaninstrumentwithanaccuracyof625µm[60.001in.]isdesirableforwidthmeasurement.

7.8DentDepthIndicator—Thedentdepthcanbemeasuredusingadialdepthgage,adepthgagemicrometer,oraproperlycalibrateddisplacementtransducer.Themeasuringprobeshallhaveahemisphericaltipwithadiameterbetween1.5and5.0mm(0.06-0.20in.).Aninstrumentwithanaccuracyof625µm[60.001in.]isdesirablefordepthmeasurement.

8.SamplingandTestSpecimens

8.1Sampling—Testatleast vespecimenspercondition,unlessvalidresultscanbegainedthroughtheuseoffewerspecimens,suchasinthecaseofadesignedexperiment.Forstatisticallysigni cantdata,theproceduresoutlinedinPracticeE122shouldbeconsulted.Reportthemethodofsampling.8.2SpecimenLay-Up—Thelaminateshallbe atandhaveacrosssectionofconstantthickness.

8.2.1Forcomparisonscreeningofthedamageresistanceofdifferentmaterials,thefollowinglaminateissuggested.Aquasi-isotropiclay-upwithaspecimenthicknessintherangeof3.5to5.0mm(0.14to0.20in.)withatargetthicknessof4.2mm(0.17in.)shallbeobtainedasfollows:

8.2.1.1Tape—Laminateconstructionshallconsistoftheappropriatenumberofunidirectionalpliestoachieveatotalcuredthicknessnearestto4.2mm(0.17in.)withastackingsequenceof[45/0/ 45/90]NSwhereNisawholenumber.Ifthe“nearest”thicknessislessthan3.5mm(0.14in.),the

next

Standard Test Method for Measuring Damage Resistance of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer-Matrix Composite to Concentrated Quasi-Static Indentation Force

FIG.2TypicalFixturefortheSimplySupported

Con guration

valueofNshallbeused(N+1).Foratypical145-gradetape,a32-plyspecimenshallbemanufacturedwithalay-upof[45/0/ 45/90]4S.

8.2.1.2WovenFabric—Laminateconstructionshallconsistoftheappropriatenumberoffabricpliestoachieveatotalcuredthicknessnearestto4.2mm(0.17in.)withastackingsequenceof[(+45/ 45)/(0/90)]NSwhereNisawholenumber.Ifthe“nearest”thicknessislessthan3.5mm(0.14in.),thenextvalueofNshallbeused(N+1).Thedesignations(+45/ 45)and(0/90)representasinglelayerofwovenfabricwiththewarpandweft bersorientedatthespeci edangles.Ifasatinweaveisused,eachlayershallbe ippedsuchthatthepredominanttowdirectiononeachsideofthefabriccorre-spondstothespeci edlay-up.

8.3SpecimenDimensions—Specimensshallbe152.061.0mm(6.0060.05in.)squareandofconstantthickness.Thevariationinthicknessforanygivenspecimenshallnotexceed0.1mm.

8.4SpecimenPreparation—PanelsshallbefabricatedandmachinedinaccordancewithGuideD5687/belthecouponssothattheywillbedistinctfromeachotherandtraceablebacktotherawmaterial,andinamannerthatwillbothbeunaffectedbythetestandnotin uencethetest.

8.5VoidContentandFiberVolume—Itisrecommendedthatvoidcontentand bervolumebereported.VoidcontentmaybedeterminedusingtheequationsofTestMethodD2734.The bervolumefractionmaybedeterminedusingmatrixdigestionperTestMethodD3171.

9.Calibration

9.1Theaccuracyofallmeasuringequipmentshallhavecerti edcalibrationsthatarecurrentatthetimeofuseoftheequipment.

10.Conditioning

10.1StandardConditioningProcedure—Conditionspeci-meninaccordancewithProcedureCofTestMethodD5229/D5229Munlessotherconditioningisspeci edaspartoftheexperiment.StoreandtestspecimensatStandardLaboratoryAtmosphere(2363°C[7365°F]and50610%relativehumidity).Nonstandardconditioningandnonstandardtestenvironmentsshallbereported.

10.2OvenDrying—Ifdamageresistancedataaredesiredforlaminatesinanoven-driedcondition,useProcedureDofTestMethodD5229/D5229M.11.Procedure

11.1Selecteitherthesimplysupportedorrigidlybackedtestcon guration.Mounttheappropriate xture(s)inthetestingmachine.Thefollowingproceduresareidenticalforthetwotestcon gurations.Reportanydeviationsfromthistestmethod,whetherintentionalorinadvertent.

11.2If bervolumeorvoidcontentaretobereported,thenobtainthesesamplesfromthesamepanelbeingtested.

11.3Mounttheindenterinthetestingmachinesuchthattherelativedisplacementbetweenthespecimenandindenterwillbenormaltothefaceofthespecimen.

11.4Measurethethicknessofeachspecimentothenearest0.05mm(0.002in.)atseveralpointsaroundtheedgeofthespecimenusingamicrometer(7.7).Thevariationinthicknessalongthelengthofthespecimenshallnotexceed0.1mm(0.004in.).Theaveragevalueofthethicknessmeasurementsshallberecorded.

11.5Markthecenterofthespecimen’sface.Forthesimplysupportedcon guration,placethespecimenonthesupport xture,makingsurethatthespecimen’scenterisaligned

with

Standard Test Method for Measuring Damage Resistance of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer-Matrix Composite to Concentrated Quasi-Static Indentation Force

boththecenterofthe xture’sopeningandthecenterlineoftheindenter.Fortherigidlybackedcon guration,placethespeci-mendirectlyonthe atrigidsupportsuchthatthespecimen’scenterisalignedwiththecenterlineoftheindenter.Thedistancebetweenthecenterlineoftheindenterandcentersofthespecimenandsupport xtureshallnotexceed1.0mm(0.04in.).Ifasinglespecimenisgoingtobeloadedinintervals,alignmentmarksshouldbemadeonthe xturessuchthattheoriginalalignmentcanbemaintained.

11.6Applyloadtothespecimenindisplacementcontrolataconstantcrosshead(orservohydraulicram)displacementrate.Thedisplacementrateshouldbeselectedsoastoreachthemaximumforcewithin1to10min.RecordtheloadversusdisplacementtraceonanX-Ychartrecorderorotherappropri-aterecordingdevice.

11.7Asloadisincreased,theindenterwillpressintothespecimenformingalocaldepressionand,forthesimplysupportedcon guration, exingthespecimen.Observedam-agecharacteristics.ExamplesofatypicalF/dcurveforthesimplysupportedcon gurationandfortherigidlybackedcon gurationareshowninFigs.3and4.

11.8Whenadesiredmilestone,suchasFmaxorthedesiredcontactforceorthedesireddamagestate,hasbeenreached,thespecimenshallbeunloadedandthetestmachinestopped.Loadanddisplacementshallberecordedthroughoutthetestinclud-ingtheunloadingcycle.Theunloadingrateshallbethesameastheloadingrate.

11.9Dentdepth(d)isafunctionofcontactforcebutcannotbeobtainedfromaloadedspecimen.Therefore,thespecimenmustbeunloadedtoperformthismeasurement.Forexample,toobtaindatcontactforceF8,loadspecimentoF=F8>0;unloadtoF=0;performmeasurementtoobtaind(F8).Centerthespecimenonthe xtureagainaccordingtothealignmentmarksandloadthespecimentothenexthigherload,F=F9>

F8.Thedentdepth,asde nedin3.2.4,shallbemeasuredusingasuitabledentdepthindicatorasde nedin7.8.Thedentshallbemeasuredimmediatelyaftertheloadisremovedfromthespecimen.Ifdistancesaremeasuredrelativetoa xedpoint,thedentdepthwillbethedifferencebetweenthelowestpointinthedentandtheplatesurface.Thedistancetotheplaneofthespecimen’ssurfaceshallbetheaverageoffourmeasure-mentsspaced90°apartandatleast25mmfromtheindentationpointtoprovideasufficientdistanceawayfromthedenttonotin uencethemeasurement.Ifthedepthismeasureddirectlybyusingadepthgage,thedepthshallbetheaverageoftwomeasurementswiththegagerotated90°betweenmeasure-ments.Thebaseofthedepthgageshallbeatleast50mmandsufficientlylargetospanovertheregionaffectedbythedent.Thedentdepthshallbemeasuredtothenearest0.01mm(0.001in.).

11.10TheF1forceandmaximumforce,Fmax,canbedeterminedfromthecontactforce/indenterdisplacement(F/d)curve(s)afterthetest.F1andFmaxmaynotexistfortherigidlybackedcon guration.12.Report

12.1Reportthefollowinginformation,orreferencespoint-ingtootherdocumentationcontainingthisinformation,tothemaximumextentapplicable.Reportingofitemsbeyondthecontrolofagiventestinglaboratory,suchasmightoccurwithmaterialdetailsorpanelfabricationparameters,shallbetheresponsibilityoftherequester.

12.1.1Therevisionlevelordateofissueofthistestmethod.12.1.2Thedate(s)andlocation(s)ofthetest.12.1.3Thename(s)ofthetestoperator(s).

12.1.4Anyvariationstothistestmethod,anomaliesnoticedduringtesting,orequipmentproblemsoccurringduring

testing.

FIG.3TypicalF/dResponsefortheSimplySupported

Con guration

Standard Test Method for Measuring Damage Resistance of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer-Matrix Composite to Concentrated Quasi-Static Indentation Force

FIG.4TypicalF/dResponsefortheRigidlyBacked

Con guration

12.1.5Identi cationofthematerialtested,including:mate-rialspeci cation,materialtype,materialdesignation,manufac-turer,manufacturer’slotorbatchnumber,source(ifnotfrommanufacturer),dateofcerti cation,expirationofcerti cation, lamentdiameter,toworyarn lamentcountandtwist,sizing,formorweave, berarealweight,matrixtype,prepregmatrixcontent,andprepregvolatilescontent.

12.1.6Descriptionofthefabricationstepsusedtopreparethelaminate,including:fabricationstartdate,fabricationenddate,processspeci cation,curecycle,consolidationmethod,andadescriptionoftheequipmentused.

12.1.7Plyorientationstackingsequenceofthelaminate.12.1.8Fibervolumefractionandvoidcontent,ifmeasured.Includethemethodusedtodetermine bervolumefractionandvoidcontent.

12.1.9Averageplythicknessofthematerial.

12.1.10Resultsofanynondestructiveevaluationtests.12.1.11Methodofpreparingthetestspecimen,includingspecimenlabelingschemeandsamplingmethod.

12.1.12Calibrationdatesandmethodsforallmeasurementandtestequipment.

12.1.13Typeoftestmachineanddataacquisitionsamplingrateandequipmenttype.

12.1.14Dimensionsofeachtestspecimen.Includeaveragenominalthicknessofeachspecimenandmaximumthicknessvariationalongtheedgesofthespecimen.

12.1.15Conditioningparametersandresultsandtheproce-dureusedifotherthanthatspeci edinthetestmethod.

12.1.16Relativehumidityandtemperatureofthetestinglaboratory.

12.1.17Speedoftesting.

12.1.18Displacementtransducerplacement,ifused,andtransducertype.

12.1.19Testresults:

12.1.19.1Contactforce/indenterdisplacement(F/d)curves.12.1.19.2F1,Fmax,andd,iftheseparametersweremea-sured.Fordentdepth(d)measurements,theresultsshouldbereportedasafunctionofcontactforce.

12.1.19.3Reportthenumberofspecimenstestedandtheindividualvalues,mean,standarddeviation,andcoefficientofvariation(standarddeviationdividedbythemean)ofallmeasurements.

12.1.19.4Anyobservationsondamagecharacteristicsthatweremadeforeachspecimen.13.PrecisionandBias

13.1Precision—Thedatarequiredforthedevelopmentofaprecisionstatementisnotavailableforthistestmethod.

13.2Bias—Biascannotbedeterminedforthistestmethodasnoacceptablereferencestandardexists.14.Keywords

14.1compositematerials;damageresistance;delamination;dent;impact;quasi-static

indentation

Standard Test Method for Measuring Damage Resistance of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer-Matrix Composite to Concentrated Quasi-Static Indentation Force

REFERENCES

(1)Bucinell,R.B.,Nuismer,R.J.,andKoury,J.L.,“ResponseofCompositePlatestoQuasi-StaticImpactEvents,”CompositeMateri-als:FatigueandFracture(ThirdVolume),ASTMSTP1110,T.K.O’Brien,Ed.,AmericanSocietyforTestingandMaterials,Philadel-phia,1991,pp.528–549.

(2)Elber,W.,“FailureMechanicsinLow-VelocityImpactsonThinCompositePlates,”NASATP2152,May1983.

(3)Jackson,W.C.,andPoe,C.C.,Jr.,“TheUseofImpactForceasaScaleParameterfortheImpactResponseofCompositeLaminates,”JournalofCompositesTechnology&Research,Vol15,No.4,Winter1993,pp.282–289.

(4)Kwon,Y.S.,andSankar,B.V.,“Indentation-FlexureandLow-VelocityImpactDamageinGraphiteEpoxyLaminates,”Journalof

CompositesTechnology&Research,Vol15,No.2,Summer1993,pp.101–111.

(5)Lagace,P.A.,Williamson,J.E.,Tsang,P.H.W.,Wolf,E.,andThomas,S.,“APreliminaryPropositionforaTestMethodtoMeasure(Impact)DamageResistance,”JournalofReinforcedPlasticsandComposites,Vol12,May1993,pp.584–601.

(6)Sjöblom,P.O.,Hartness,J.T.,andCordell,T.M.,“OnLow-VelocityImpactTestingofCompositeMaterials,”JournalofCompositeMate-rials,Vol22,Jan.1988,pp.30–52.

(7)Swanson,S.R.,“LimitsofQuasi-StaticSolutionsinImpactofCompositeStructures,”CompositesEngineering,Vol2,No.4,1992,pp.261–267.

ersofthisstandardareexpresslyadvisedthatdeterminationofthevalidityofanysuchpatentrights,andtheriskofinfringementofsuchrights,areentirelytheirownresponsibility.

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