名词性从句专题复习

名词性从句专题复习

【专题要点】1.that和what引导名词性从句的区别；2.名词从句的语序和时态；3.it作形式宾语的几种情况；4.that从句作介词宾语；5.宾语从句的否定转移；6.whether和if的用法区别；7.what在名词性从句中的使用。 【知识网络】

在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses）。 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 一、引导名词性从句的连接词

引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类： 连词：that（无任何词意）；whether, if（“是否”）；as if, as though（“好像”，“似乎”）。以上 在从句中不作作成分。

注： as if, as though 只能引导表语从句， 不能引导其他的名词性从句。 连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which, whichever, whomever 连接副词：when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however

请标记下列各句中名词性从句，对从句进行分类，归纳连接词， 引 导 词 从句分类 例 句 That he won the first prize made his classmates excited. Whether he will come on time is doubtful. 引导连词 It is doubtful whether/if he will come on time . I think( that) he will be back in a week. I doubt whether/if he can speak English. He worried whether he was in good health. One advantage of living here is that we can get close to nature. The problem is whether they can complete the project. The fact that his health is failing is not true. I have no idea whether he has passed the exam or not. What he said is true. Which class won the match is not clear. 连接代词 Who will be our new director is not clear. I really don’t know what he is doing. He asked whose book it is. Pay attention to what the teacher said. That’s what we should do. China is no longer what she used to be. The question is who will attend the meeting. He put forward a question who will give us a talk at the meeting. I have no idea which class has won the game. He has some doubt what should be done to solve the problem. How this happened is still a question. When we’ll start hasn’t been decided. Why he did such a thing is unknown to us. 连接副词 Do you remember how he came? Will you show me how I can get to the railway station? The article gives us some idea of why smoking is harmful to health.

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That’s why she stopped his own research and joined in ours. The trouble is where we can get the things we need. The question is how we can get there. I have no idea how they were able to get it done in such a short time. You have no idea how worried I was. Now we have little idea how they lived through the war. II考点精讲精练

考点一that 与what, what 与which在引导名词性从句时的区别 1.that在引导名词性从句时，不在句子中做成分，不含疑问意义，也没有实际意义，只起连接作用，在句首时不可以省略。what 在引导名词性从句时，既起连接作用，又在从句中做主语或宾语，在任何情况下都不能省略，它有具体意义，相当于all / everything that。 2.what 与which在引导名词性从句时中，都在从句中作成分，都有实际意义，但which 表选择，而what表意较笼统。(whichever / whatever的区别相同) 1) __________ you have done might do harm to others. 2) __________ he won the first prize made his classmates excited. 3) __________ we can’t get seems better than ___________ we have. 4) Here are 5 pairs, can you tell me ________ would you like to buy?

5) With his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased

____________ he was a man of action.

6） I think Father would like to know _________ I’ve been up to so far, so I decided to send him a quick note.

7) The poor young man is ready to accept ______________ help he can get.

8) After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, __________ our astronauts desire 考点二 that, if 和whether 的区别

that在引导名词性从句时，不在句子中做成分，不含疑问意义，也没有实际意义，只起连接作用，在句首时

主语从句中不可以省略。

whether与if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if：

a. 引导主语从句并在句首时；b. 引导表语从句时；c. 引导从句作介词宾语时；d. 从句后有“or not”时；e. 后接动词不定式时。例如：

1) I doubt ______________ the speeches will be good.

2) I don’t doubt _____________ she will go over the lessons. 3) _____________ I’ll go there isn’t decided. 4) It is not decided ______________ I’ll go there. 5) He doesn’t know ______________ to stay or not.

6) He wants to know _____________ we want dinner or not. 7) He wants to know _____________ or not we want dinner. 8) The question is _______________ it is worth doing.

9) Everything depends on __________ the situation will improve

to do is walk in space.

注意：that 引导的从句一般不能充当介词后的宾语，但偶尔可以做except, in 等介词的宾语。如： He is a good student except that he is a little bit careless. He differs from his classmates in that he devoted his spare time to reading. 1) I have nothing to do except ____________ you told me to.

2) He is always a good boy except __________ his father is absent. 3) You can hide anywhere except _____________ I can’t find you.

4) He stood there silent except _______________ his lips moved now and then.

2）由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that无词义，在句中不担任任何成分，在动词后常被省去，

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但是在以下情况下that不可省。 ? ① 宾语从句前有插入语。

We hope, on the contrary, that he will stay at home with us.

? ② 在介词后。

He has no special fault except that he smokes too much.

? ③ that在与之并列的另一个宾语从句之后。

He said (that) the book was very interesting and that all the children like to read it.

? ④ 有间接宾语时。

He told me that he was leaving for Japan.

? ⑤ that从句单独回答问题时。

—What did he hear? 他听说了什么事？ —That Kate had passed the exam.

? ⑥ 在“it(形式宾语)+补语”之后时。

I think it necessary that he should stay here.

? ⑦ 位于句首时。如：

That our team will win, I believe.

? ⑧ 在较为正式或不常用的动词(如reply, object)后。

He replied that he disagreed.

考点三 名词性从句中的语序问题 用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，， 除了连接词在从句之首外，其他部分应保持陈述句语序。 1）I have always been honest and straight-forward, and it doesn’t matter _______

I’m talking to.

A who it is B who is it C. it is who D it is whom

2) No one can be sure ________ in a million years.

A. what men will look like B. what will man look like C. man will look like what D. what look will man like 3) Can you make sure _______ the gold ring?

A. where Alice had put B. where had Alice put C. where Alice has put D. where has Alice put

考点四：注意宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态。例如：

I know he ____________(study) English every day. I know he____________ (study) English last term.

I know (that) he ______________(study) English next year. （从句用一般将来时） I know he ___________________(study) English since 1998. （从句用现在完成时） 当主句动词是过去时态（could, would除外），从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。例如： I knew who___________( live) here.

I saw she ________________(talk) with her mother.

He asked whether his father _______________(come) back tomorrow. He said that he _____________(see) it.

The teacher said that the sun__________________( travel) around the earth.

考点五： 在意欲动词如 insist, order, command, suggest, advise, recommend, demand, require, request, ask等及其变体和 It is + necessary, important, essential, strange, a pity后的 that引导的名词性从句中，谓语部分常用虚

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拟语气（should+V 原形，should 可省） 。如：

(1)He insisted that he ____________ once again. (try)

(2)His advice is that everyone _____________ his best to help the poor girl. (do) (3)It is required that students ____________ at least 90% of the lectures. (attend) (4)It is necessary he ___________________ to you. (apologize) (5)It is strange that he _______________ so. (think)

(6)It is a pity that he __________________ the lecture. (miss)

考点六：It 做形式主语与形式宾语的特点 It 做形式主语：

有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。

用it作形式主语的从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系： a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句

It is necessary that… 有必要…… It is important that… 重要的是…… It is obvious that… 很明显…… b. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句

It is believed that… 人们相信…… It is known to all that… 从所周知…… It has been decided that… 已决定…… c. It + be +名词+ that-从句

It is common knowledge that… ……是常识 It is a surprise that… 令人惊奇的是…… It is a fact that… 事实是…… d. It +不及物动词+ that-分句

It appears that… 似乎…… It happens that… 碰巧…… It occurred to me that… 我突然想起…… 另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”，常用的句型有：

It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that … It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that…

It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that… 翻译：

他肯定会在考试中考好的。_______________________________________________

真遗憾你要走。______________________________________________________________ 我们队赢了比赛这一点也不奇怪。_______________________________________________ 已经决定把会议推迟到下周了。__________________________________________________ It 做形式宾语

在可以接复合宾语的动词，如think，make, consider, find, suppose等之后，可以用it做形式宾语。 我们认为他已经死了这是非常可能的。______________________________________________ 他不会屈服的，这一点他已明确表示了。____________________________________________ 1._____ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. 2. _____ is said that he has gone abroad.

3. I feel ______ possible that you will finish the work in a day. 4.I hate _______ when people talk with their mouths full.

考点六 同位语从句与定语从句的区别 同位语从句一般位于某些抽象名词之后，如：fact, hope, desire, thought, idea, suggestion, news, problem等，对这些名词起补充说明的作用。连词that 只起引导作

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用，在从句中不作任何成分，不能省略。也可用where, when, how, whether等词引导。 定语从句是对前面的名词或代词进行修饰或限制，引导词在从句中作成分，作宾语的引导词that可以省略。 1) The news ________ they had won the game soon spread over the whole school. 2) The news _________ you told me yesterday was really disappointing. 3) Do you have any idea ___________ is actually going on in the classroom.

4) A warm thought suddenly came to me ________ I might use the pocket money to buy some

flowers for my mother’s birthday.

5) The problem ___________ it’s right hasn’t been verified （证实）yet. 6) It’s my suggestion ____________ the boy should study hard.

考点七 no matter wh-与wh-ever引导的名词性从句的区别 1wh-ever既可引导名词性从句，又可引导让步状语从局，而no matter-ever只能引导让步状语从句，因此在让步状语从句中whatever / whoever / whichever = no matter what / who / which 2 在名词性从句中whatever / whoever = anything / anybody that 3 whenever / however / wherever = no matter when / how / where一般只引导让步状语从句 1) _____________ we’ll begin the party is still a question. 2）_____________ you will go, I’ll follow you.

3) _____________ you like to come, I’ll be glad to see you. 4) _______________ cold it is, she always goes swimming.

5) Eat __________ cake you like and leave the others for _______ comes in late. 6) Sarah hopes to become a friend of ____________ shares her interest.

注意： 引导词What=the thing that/which, whatever=anything that , who = the one that, whoever= anyone that

1) ______________________ problems you have, just come to me for help. 2) _______________________ was said here must be kept a secret. 3) ____________ we need is more practice.

4) Engines are to machines _____________hearts are to animals. 5)____________________ telephones, tell them I’m out.

6) ______________________ fails to see this will make a big mistakes.

考点八as if ,as though, because, why 也可引导表语从句，表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句, 放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。另外,常用的句型还有the reason why ? is that ? ，It is because ?和It looks as if?等结构。例如： The fact is that we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。 That’s just what I want. 这正是我想要的。

That is why he didn’t come to the meeting. 那就是他为什么不到会的原因。 It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。

The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning.

1) He was absent yesterday. That was ______________ he was ill. 2) He was ill yesterday. That was __________________ he was absent.

3) The reason ____________ he is absent today is ____________ he has fallen ill. 4) I know nothing about the young lady _________________ she is from Beijing.

九 其它固定句型

1. There is no doubt ________ he will come. 2. There is doubt ________ he will come.

3. The reason _____ he is absent is ______ he is ill.

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4. He always eats too much. That’s ______ he is fat now. 5. He is fat. That’s ______ he always eats too much. 6. It’s high time that we ________(have ) class.

7. I would rather you _________ (pass ) the last exam. 8. I wish I _________(can) fly to the moon one day.

Ⅲ 语法填空

An English proverb says 1_____ time is money. But I doubt _2____ it is really true or not. In my opinion, time is even more precious than money. Why? _3 ___when money is spent, we can earn it back. However, when time is gone, it will never return. _4_ __ is known to all that the time we can use is limited. Therefore my suggestion is that we _5____ (make) full use of our time to study hard so as to serve our country in the future. But it is a pity __6____ there are a lot of people who do not realize that time is of great value and _7_____ wasting time is equal to wasting their life. They spend their precious time smoking, drinking and playing.

In a word, we should form the good habit of saving time. Do not put off _8_ __ can be done today till tomorrow.

四、高考链接

（09上海）1. It is not immediately clear ______ the financial crisis will soon be over.

A. since B. what C. when D. whether

（09湖南）2. She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do _____ it takes to save her life.

A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whoever

（09江西）3. The fact has worried many scientists ______ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.

A. what B. which C. that D. though

（09海南）4. Could I speak to ______ is in charge of International Sales please?

A. who B. what C. whoever D. whatever

（09陕西）5. The how to book can be of help to _____ wants to do the job.

A. who B. whomever C. no matter who D. whoever

（09上海）6. As a new diplomat, he often thinks of ______ he can react more appropriately on such occasions.

A. what B. which C. that D. how

（09天津）7. It is obvious to the students ______ they should get well prepared for their future.

A. as B. which C. whether D. that

（09浙江）8. －Is there any possibility ______ you could pick me up at the airport?

－No problem. A. When B. that C. whether D. what

（09重庆）9. We should consider the students’ request ___ the school library provide more books on popular

science.

A. that B. when C. which D. where

（09江苏）10. Many young people in the West are expected to leave _______ could be life’s most important

decision—marriage—almost entirely up to luck.

A. as B. that C. which D. what

（10福建）11. We should respect food and think about the people who don’t have we have here and treat

food nicely. A. that B. which C. what D. whether

（10湖南）12. Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. No one in the office knew she was so

angry.

A. where B. whether C. that D. why （10天津）13. As a new graduate, he doesn’t know it takes to start a business here.

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A. how B. what C. When D. which

（10北京）14. some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.

A. Whether B. What C. That D. How

（10浙江）15．—How about camping this weekend, just for a change?

—OK, you want.

A．whichever B．however C．whatever D．whoever

16．It is uncertain side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand

patients have taken it.

A．that B．what C．how D．whether

（10上海）17. One reason for her preference for city life is she can have easy access to places like shops

and restaurants.

A. that B. how C. what D. why

（10山东）18. Before the sales start, I make a list of ______ my kids will need for the coming season. A. why B. what C. how D. which

（10上海）19. When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know . A. he is entering which lane B. which lane he is entering

C. is he entering which lane D. which lane is he entering

（10四川）20．How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on he goes with，whether his

friends or relatives

A．what B．who C．how D．why （10全国Ⅰ）21. We haven’t discussed yet ______ we are going to place our new furniture.

A. that B. which C. what D. where

（10湖北）22. I want to be liked and loved for I am inside. A. who B. where C. what D. how （10全国Ⅱ）23.—Have you finished the book?

---No, I’ve read up to_________ the children discover the secret cave. A. which B. what C. hat D. where

（10江苏）24. —I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays. —That’s_______I don’t agree .You should have a more active life.

A. where B. how C. when D. what

（10北京）25. Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was __ it was rather

closely modeled on his own life.

A. what B. that C. why D. whether

26. Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class ________he had to meet his uncle at the airport. A. why B that C where D which 27. I just want to know that makes him so happy.

A. why it does B. what he does C. how it is D. what it is

28. Tonny is said the excellent student in his class for the past two years. A. that he is B. to be C. that he has been D. to have been

29. In order to encourage the students to study hard, the school decides to give the scholarship to _ wins the first in the exam.

A. who B. those C. whoever D. whomever 30. It is no longer a question man is learning more and more about space. A. whether B. that C. if D. how

32. When she was awake, she found she was standing on seemed to be a stone. A. that B. which C. what D. it

33. Danby left word with my secretary he would call again in the afternoon.

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A. who B. that C. as D. which

36. The reason she gave for not being present was________ the heavy snow prevented her coming. A. /, because B. why, because C. /, that D. why, whether 37. ---- I believe __________you’ve done your best and __________things will improve. ---- Thank you!

A. that, / B. /, / C. what, that D. /, that 38. You can eat food free in my restaurant you like.

A. whenever B. wherever C. whatever D. however 【额外奉献】

读名言学名词性从句—填空并翻译

1. Character is ________ you are in the dark.

2. Sometimes we need to remind ourselves _________ thankfulness is indeed a virtue. 3. Health is the thing that makes you feel ________ now is the best time of the year. 4. If you don’t have ________ you like, you must like what you have.

5. It goes without saying that ______ we do today has much to do with a bright future. 6. ________ we must realize is that life is a combination of beauty and ugliness. 7. ________ a glass is half-full depends on the attitude of the person looking at it. 【完善背诵】

“We are reading the first verse of the first chapter of a book whose pages are infinite...”

I do not know who wrote those words, but I have always liked them as a reminder that the future can be anything we want to make it. We can take the mysterious, hazy future and carve out of it anything that we can imagine, just as a sculptor carves a statue from a shapeless stone.

We are all in the position of the farmer. If we plant a good seed, we reap a good harvest. If our seed is poor and full of weeds, we reap a useless crop. If we plant nothing at all, we harvest nothing at all.

I want the future to be better than the past. I don't want it contaminated by the mistakes and errors with which history is filled. We should all be concerned about the future because that is where we will spend the remainder of our lives.

The past is gone and static. Nothing we can do will change it. The future is before us and dynamic. Everything we do will affect it. Each day brings with it new frontiers, in our homes and in our business, if we only recognize them. We are just at the beginning of the progress in every field of human endeavor.

“我们正在读一本书的第一章第一节，这本书的页数是无限的……”

我不知道是谁写的，可我很喜欢这句话，它提醒我们未来是由自己创造的。我们可以把神秘、不可知的未来塑造成我们想象中的任何模样，犹如雕刻家将未成形的石头刻成雕像。

我们每个人都像是农夫。洒下良种将有丰收，播下劣种或生满野草便将毁去收成。没有耕耘则会一无所获。

我希望未来比过去更加美好，希望未来不会沾染历史的错误与过失。我们都应举目向前，因我们的余生要用未来书写。

往昔已逝，静如止水；我们无法再作改变。而前方的未来正生机勃勃；我们所做的每一件事都将会影响着它。只要我们认识到这些，无论是在家中还是在工作上，每天我们的面前都会展现出新的天地。在人类致力开拓的每一片领域上，我们正站在进步的起跑点。

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