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篇一:会同一中2016年下期高一生物竞赛 试题

高一生物竞赛试题

一.选择题(共25个,每个2分)

1、一片深林中的桉树苗、小桉树、大桉树组成一个A、个体 B、群落 C、种群 D、生物

2、全世界每年有成百上千人由于误吃毒蘑菇而死亡,鹅膏草碱就是—种毒菇的毒素,它是 —种环状八肽。若20种氨基酸的平均分子量为128,则鹅膏草碱的分子量大约是 A.1024 B.898 C.880 D.862

3、狼体内有a种蛋白质,20种氨基酸;兔体内有b种蛋白质,20种氨基酸。狼捕食兔后狼体内的一

个细胞中含有蛋白质种类和氨基酸种类最可能是 A. a+b,40B. a,20C. 大于a,20 D. 小于a,20 4、下列四对名词中,合适的是

A 叶绿体一酶的贮藏处

B 过氧化(酶)体一细胞中的转运作用 C 核仁一核糖体亚基的组装部位 D 溶酶体一细胞中的发电站 5、下列对核糖体的叙述正确的是

A.是细胞中唯一含有尿嘧啶的细胞器

B.仅分布在真核细胞和原核细胞的细胞质基质中 C.不含磷脂,因此不含有磷元素 D.其形成与核仁密切相关 6、下列关于水的叙述正确的是

A、蛙红细胞中的核糖体和线粒体都能产生水 B、叶绿体中没有水的生成

C、越冬植物体内自由水与结合水的比值上升,细胞质流动明显变慢 D、当人体缺水时,血浆渗透压会升高,尿量增多

7、真核细胞单位面积细胞的核孔数目与细胞代谢水平有关。以下细胞中核孔数目最少的是 A、胰岛细胞 B、造血干细胞 C、效应B细胞(浆细胞) D、口腔上皮细胞 8、下列有关实验及显色结果的叙述,正确的是

A、水浴加热条件下,蔗糖与斐林试剂发生作用生成砖红色沉淀 B、沸水浴条件下,脱氧核苷酸与二苯胺发生作用呈现蓝色 C、常温条件下,蛋白质与双缩脲试剂发生作用呈现紫色 D、常温条件下,核糖核酸与甲基绿作用呈现绿色

9.右图中曲线a、b表示物质跨(穿)膜运输的两种方式,下列表述正确的是

A.脂溶性小分子物质不能通过方式a运输B.与方式a有关的载体蛋白覆盖于细胞膜表面 C.方式b的最大转运速率与载体蛋白数量有关

D.抑制细胞呼吸对方式a和b的转运速率均有影响

10、关于蛋白酶的叙述,下列不正确的是

A、蛋白酶是蛋白质

B、蛋白酶可作为药瓶治疗某些疾病 C、蛋白酶可以水解所有的肽键

D、利用酶工程可以提高蛋白酶的稳定性 11、下列生物细胞结构的说法不正确的是

A、酵母菌有染色体,而硝化细菌没有 B、酵母菌有核糖体,而硝化细菌没有 C、黑藻细胞有线粒体,而蓝藻细胞没有 D、黑藻细胞有叶绿体,而蓝藻细胞没有

12、硝化细菌、破伤风芽孢杆菌、酵母菌的细胞结构及功能有很大区别,但是它们

A.都能进行繁殖和有氧呼吸B.都没有核膜和染色体 C.都能通过无丝分裂增加细胞数目D.都含有DNA和RNA两种核酸 13、下列物质的组成中不含糖分子的是 ..

A.DNA B.纤维素 C.胆固醇 D.ATP

14、伴随蛋白质的水解过程,检测氨基酸的氨基和羧基,它们的数量关系可能表现为

A.相等 B.氨基多于羧基 C.氨基少于羧基 D.很难15、在细胞代谢过程中,能帮助运送物质的是

A.结合水 B.脂肪 C.葡萄糖D.胆固醇

16、种子萌发时,脂肪水解生成的脂肪酸和甘油,分别在多种酶的催化下形成葡萄糖,最后转变为蔗糖,并转运至胚轴供给胚生长和发育,如下图所示,下列分析正确的是

A.图中的C2和C3分别是含有2个和3个碳原子的无机物

B.线粒体是有氧呼吸的主要场所,所以琥珀酸在线粒体中被直接彻底氧化分解 C.1分子蔗糖水解产物为2分子葡萄糖

D.脂肪最终转化为蔗糖过程需要多种酶参与,这些酶的化学本质相同 17、下列有关人体细胞的化学反应,可以不在细胞器中进行的是

A.性激素的合成 B.胃蛋白酶的合成 C.CO2的生成 D.H的生成 18、真核细胞具有一些能显著增大膜面积、有利于酶的附着以提高代谢效率的结构。下列不属于此类...结构的是

A.神经细胞的树突 B.线粒体的嵴 C.甲状腺细胞的内质网 D.叶绿体的基粒

19、某细胞对氨基酸、钠离子、葡萄糖和氧气的吸收方式的比较结果如右图所示,四种物质在细胞膜内外的浓度情况未标出。已知细胞膜上的“●、◆”为载体蛋白,氨基酸以主动运输的方式进入该细胞。下列相关描述不正确的是 .

A.同一载体蛋白运输的物质可能不止一种

B.葡萄糖进入该细胞的方式为主动运输

C.氧气进入该细胞不需要载体,也不消耗能量 D.氨基酸可逆浓度进入该细胞且不消耗能量

20、如下图所示U型管中间被一种能允许单糖、水分子通过而能透过的半透膜隔开,现在两侧分别加入0.1 mol/L的蔗糖溶

二糖不液和

+

芽糖溶液,一段时间后左右两侧液面高度变化是怎样的?若向U形管右侧加入某种微量物质(不影响溶液浓度),右侧液面高度上升,那么加入的这种微量物质最可能是

A.右侧液面高度下降;麦芽糖酶 B.右侧液面高度下降;蔗糖酶 C.两侧液面高度不变;麦芽糖酶 D.两侧液面高度不变;蔗糖酶 21、图中甲曲线表示在最适温度下,某种酶促反应速率与反应物浓度之间的关系,其余两条曲线分别表示该酶促反应速率随pH或温度的变化趋势,下列相关分析,正确的是

A.在A点适当提高温度或在B点适当增加酶的浓度,反应速率都将增大

B.图中E点代表该酶的最适pH,H点代表该酶的最适温度

C.短期保存该酶,适宜条件对应于图中的D、H两点

D.研究淀粉酶或过氧化氢酶参与的酶促反应,均可得到上图曲线

22、下图甲表示温度对淀粉酶活性的影响;图乙是将一定量的淀粉酶和足量的淀粉混合后麦芽糖的积累量,随温度变化的情况。下列有关叙述中正确的是 ①图甲中T0为淀粉酶的最适温度

②图甲中Ta、Tb时淀粉酶催化效率极低的原理不同 ③图乙A点对应的温度为T0

④图乙中Tb~Tc麦芽糖积累量相同说明此时酶活性最高

A.①②B.③④ C.①②④ D.①②③ 23、下列有关ATP的叙述,正确的是

A.维持人体体温的能量主要来自ATP的水解B.植物细胞产生的ATP可用于一切生命活动 C.ATP分子中的两个高能磷酸键稳定性不同D.ATP与绝大多数酶的组成元素不存在差异

24、自然界最小的细胞是

A.病毒 B.支原体 C.血小板 D.细菌

25、组成蛋白质的氨基酸的α--碳原子是不对称的,但下列哪种氨基酸除外。

A.丙氨酸 B.组氨酸 C.甘氨酸D.谷氨酸

高一生物竞赛试题(答题卡)

二、填空题(共10空,每空2分)

1、线粒体是真核细胞的“动力工厂”。请分析回答下列问题: (1)健那绿染液是专一性染线粒体的活细胞染料,线粒体中细胞色素氧化酶使染料保持氧化状态呈蓝绿色,而在周围的细胞质中染料被还原,成为无色状态。当细胞内 __ 时,线粒体被染成蓝绿色,当细胞耗尽氧之后,线粒体的颜色消失,这说明线粒体内能进行氧化还原反应。在原核细胞中,这一氧化还原反应与细胞膜和 ___ 相关。

(2)研究发现,线粒体内膜成分中蛋白质所占比例明显高于外膜,其原因是 。(多选) ①内膜折叠成嵴,使内膜的表面积大大增加

②内膜上分布着与电子传递和ATP合成有关的酶类 ③内膜上有运输物质的载体

(3)线粒体生长到一定大小就要开始分裂,形成两个新的线粒体。研究人员将胆碱缺陷突变型脉孢

33

菌培养在含有H标记胆碱(一种磷脂的前体物)的培养基中,使 (结构)带上放射性H标记。然后收集细胞转入___________的培养基中继续培养,分别在不同时间收集细胞,再通过放射自显影检查培养时间长短不同的细胞中同位素的分布含量。随着分裂次数的增加,具有放射性的线粒体的数量逐渐增加,放射性均匀分布到新的线粒体中,并随着分裂次数增加而 __ ,证明新的线粒体是分裂而来的。

2、图1是动物细胞结构模式图,图2是某两栖类蝌蚪尾部退化与某酶(X酶)的关系图,图3是植物细胞质壁分离图。

(1)细胞各种内膜之间可通过出芽和融合的方式进行交流,图中参与交流的细胞结构有______ ,这种结构交流是完成 _____ 功能的基础。

(2)推测图2中所示的X酶是哪类酶并简要说明你的理由 ________ 。

(3)图3为洋葱鳞叶外表皮细胞在30%蔗糖溶液中出现的现象,与出现该现象有关的细胞器主要是____ 。

高一生物竞赛试题(答案)

答案:1~5 CCDCD6~10 ADCCC 11~15 BDCDD 16~20 DDADC 21~25 CDCBC 填空:1、(1)有氧气 细胞质

(2)②③ (3)线粒体膜 不含放射性物质 逐渐降低 2、(1)1、2、4物质运输

(2)蛋白(水解)酶; 随着X酶浓度的增加,蝌蚪尾部退化加强至消失,说明该酶具有催化分解尾部组织的作用;构成生物组织的主要化合物为蛋白质,故推测X酶为蛋白(水解)酶。 (3)(大)液泡

篇二:会同一中第一次英语月考试卷

会同一中2013年下期五月份月考试卷

满分:120 时量:90分钟 出卷人:蒋丽

一 听力部分 20分

I 听句子,选出与其意思相符的图片

II听长对话,选择最佳答案

听下面的对话完成6-7题

( )6 Where does the man want to go ?

A To the museumB To the hotel C To the bank

( )7 How will the man go there?

A By busB By bike C On foot

听下面的对话完成8-10题

( )8Who is Scott?

A David?s friendB David?s cousin C David?s classmate

( )9What does Scott quite often eat at home?

A BeefB ChickenC Hamburgers

( )10What will David and his mother cook?

A Dumplings B Noodles C Fish

III 根据你所听到的内容和实际情况写出简单的答语

11___________________________12_______________________________ 13___________________________14______________________________ 15___________________________

21 -Do you know that there are many different____ animals in the zoo?Yes , I do . And I also know that some of them are ____scaring.

A kinds of , kind of B kinds of , kinds of C kind of , kinds of D kind of , kind of 22 Would you like to take a walk with me? --- ____________

A Yes, I like B Yes, I ?d love toC No, I don?t D No, we don?t

23 Tom _____ his father and his father _____very young

.A looks like , looks likeB look like , looksC looks , looks like D looks , look

5Our English teacher is of medium ____curly yellow hair.

A high in B tall at C height withD height of

7 Are there ____houses near the river? ---Yes, there______.

A some , some B any , some C any , anyD some , any

8Jone tells me _____her sister ______

A what, looks likeB that, looks likeC what , look likeD that, look like

9 You can put____ milk into the te a.

A a fewB fewC a littleD little

10The radio says it is a ____day today. ----look! It?s ____heavily now

A rain, raining B rainy , rainingC rainy , rainy D rains , rainy

11 --_________ --It?s cloudy.

A How is the weather like today? B How is the weather today?

C What is the weather today? D Which is the weather today?

12The man had _____for breakfast.

A two bowl of porridge B two bowls of porridge

C two bowls of porridgesD two bowl of porridges

13—How is it going? ----____. I am the last in the English test.

A Pretty goodB Very goodC TerribleD I am going to Shanghai

14My hobby is changing all the time . Now I am ____in collecting coins. It?s ___and valuable.

A interesting, interested B interested , interesting C interested, interest D interested , interest

三 完型填空

In Australia, different people have different __21__to enjoy themselves. They also have their own ideas about __22_to spend time. Most children, about 80%,work _23 _in school, because they have to take lots of tests. After school, they don?t want to stay at home reading books any more. They put aside their school bags and _24___to play. Some old people _25__early in the morning. Then they go to the park to _26___. It helps them know what is happening around the world . In the evening, they would like to stay _27__and watch TV. Young people enjoy having a _28___-trip on weekend. They go to the mountains to have a picnic or go to the 29___to camp. They usually leave home on Friday and spend one or two days outside. Then on _30____evening, they start their way back home. Nobody seems to be in a hurry. Although a busy week is waiting for them again.

21 A roads B ways C times D streets 22Ahow B what C whereD why

23AgoodB best C hard D hardly

24A get up B get dressedC get intoD go out 25A get up B come up C stay upD put up

26A do some sports B read newspapers C enjoy themselves D have breakfast 27A at schoolB in the officeC outsideD at home 28AboringB busyC terribleD relaxing 29AforestB floor C factory D farming 30A FridayB Saturday C Thursday D Sunday

四 阅读理解

Three years ago, Jeff Smith went to Qingdao on vacation with his family. They went to laoshan Mountain. It?s 1,132 meters high and really very beautiful. Jeff was excited to see the waterfalls(瀑布), stones(石头) and trees there. They also went to Huanghai Sea. The sea was huge(大的), and the waves (浪)were very high. They walked along the beach and took many photos. In a museum, they met a Chinese boy. He asked Jeff?s family to go to his home for dinner. Two weeks later, the Smiths left Qingdao. Jeff didn?t know when they would come again. He wrote in his travel diary(日记): “I love the city and its people. Chinese food is delicious and the people there are very friendly!”

阅读上面的短文,判断下列句子的正(A)误(B)(10分)

( ) 41. Jeff and his family went to Qingdao last year.

( ) 42. They went to Laoshan Mountain and Huanghai Sea.

( ) 43. Jeff made friends with a Chinese boy.

( ) 44. They didn?t like Chinese food because it?s awful .

( ) 45.Jeff will go to Qingdao on vacation next summer

A Weather and Men

Everybody talks about the weather, but nobody does anything about it. It is

true. People usually begin their talks with "Isn't it a nice day?" "Do you think

it will rain?" "What a fine day!" etc.

Many people think they can tell what the weather is going to be like. But

they hardly agree with each other. One man may say, "Do you see how cloudy it

is in the east? It's going to rain tomorrow." Another man will say, "No, it's

going to be fine tomorrow."

People often look for the weather they want. When a farmer needs water, he

looks for something to tell him it's going to rain; he won't believe anything

else. When friends have a travel, they are sure the weather is goint to clear

up very quickly.

Almost everyone listens to what the weather man says. But he doesn't always

tell us what we want, and once in a while he makes a mistake. Still, he probably

comes closer to being correct than anyone else.

1. "Nobody does something about the weather" means ____.

A. nobody can make weather

B. nobody can change weather

C. nobody can talk about weather

D. nobody likes weather

2. ____ is a common way to start a talk.

A. Talking about weather

B. Keeping silent

C. Asking each other's names

D. Smile

3. Many people hope the weather will be ____.

A. fine

B. rainy

C. cloudy

D. like what they like to be

4. A weatherman probably is a man who ____.

A. reports weather

B. can see weather

C. can change weather

D. is made of weather

5. When it is cloudy in the east, you know that ____ tomorrow.

A. it is going to rain

B. it will be fine

C. it will be still cloudy

D. A or B or C

B The Farmer, His Horse, and His son

Once there was an old farmer, with a horse which was almost as old as himself.

He set out one morning with his son to sell the horse before it died. Father

and son walked, because the farmer did not want the horse to be too tired.

They met two men on the road who said, "Why are you walking, farmer? You have

a horse, It's a long way to market(市场). "The farmer know that this was true,

so he rode on the horse, while his son walked.

Then they met two old women, "What are you doing up there, farmer? Can't you

see how tired boy is?" So the farmer got down, and his son rode instead.\$

Next, three old men stopped them, one said, "Why are you walking, farmer?

Get up, It's too hot for an old man like you to walk today," So the farmer got

up behind his son, and they rode on.

Some time later, a young woman passed them, "Why aren't you walking?" she

asked, "It isn't far to the market. Give your poor horse a rest."

So the farmer, and his son, got down once again. It is a fact that you cannot

please all the people all the time.

1. The farmer wanted to sell the horse ____.

A. before it was dead

B. before it become too tired

C. before it market was over

D. before it was as old as he was

2. The two men on the road ____.

A. asked how far it was to the market

B. said they thought the horse looked very tired

C. asked why the farmer was not riding on his horse

D. told the farmer's son to get off the horse and walk

3. The two old women said it was wrong for ____.

A. the farmer to ride such a tired horse

B. the farmer to ride while his young son walked

C. the boy to ride instead of his father

D. only one person to ride such a long way

4. The farmer got up behind his son because ____.

A. the old man said it was too hot for him to walk

B. the three old men stopped them on the road

C. he did not know why he was walking

D. his son could not ride the horse by himself

5. The young woman was most sorry ____.

A. for the old man

B. for the farmer's young son

C. that it was not far to the market

D. for the horse

The final exam comes with June. When the exam ends, the summer vacation begins. Boys and girls have two months to relax. The summer vacation is the best time of the year for most children. The weather is usually fine . They can swim, go to summer camps visit other place with their parents. Of course , the beaches are good places for relaxing. Some children are lucky to live near the beach. They can often play in the water. But for the children far from the sea, they go the beaches for one or two weeks with their parents. Why do children like spending their summer vacation on the beaches? It is because they like the sand , the sun , the cool wind and the sea water. There are lots of new things to sea nice things to eat , and exciting things to do .

1School children usually have exams______.

A in JuneB after JuneC in JulyD after July

2The Summer vacation is about ______.

A two weeksB two months C three monthsD three weeks

3Why do children like summer vacation ?

A Because the weather is not fine.

B Because the weather is fine and they can have lots of activities.

C Because they can have exam

D Because they have final exam.

4Children near the beach can enjoy the sea_____

A in the evening B for two monthsC very oftenC three days

5 Which of the following is Not right?

A Children like going to the beaches only because they can see lots of new things

B Children like to spend their summer vacation on beaches.

C Children can swim and enjoy the sand , wind , and water on the beaches

篇三:会同一中2016年下期高一物理竞赛试题1

绝密★启用前

会同一中2016年下期高一物理竞赛试题

考试时间:90分钟

学校:___________姓名:___________班级:___________考号:___________

一、单选题 (3*20=60)

1.一物体做匀变速直线运动,初速度为v0=2 m/s,加速度a=-2 m/s2,则经过2 s后,物体的速度和位移为( )

A. -2 m/s,1 m B. 2 m/s,-1 m C. 2 m/s,0 D. -2 m/s,0

2.下列说法正确的是( )

A. 位移和路程都是描述物体位置变化的物理量 B. 速度的变化率和速率都是矢量C. 跳水比赛时,为了研究运动员的技术动作,可将运动员视为质点D. “卧看满天云不动,不知云与我俱东”此两句诗的前半句是以诗人自己为参考系的

3.以36 km/h的速度沿平直公路行驶的汽车,遇障碍物刹车后获得大小为a=4 m/s2的加速度,刹车后第3 s内,汽车走过的路程为( )

A. 12.5 mB. 2 mC. 0.5 m D. 10 m

4.在中学秋季田径运动会上,高一2班李好同学奋力拼搏,勇夺男子100 m冠军,下图为该同学奔跑途中的两个瞬间,用

Ff1、Ff2分别表示该同学在图甲、乙两瞬间所受到的摩擦力,则关于Ff1、Ff2的方向,以下说法正确的是( )

A.Ff1向后,Ff2向后B.Ff1向前,Ff2向前C.Ff1向前,Ff2向后D.Ff1向后,Ff2向前

5.下列关于位移和路程的说法中正确的是( )

A. 位移的大小和路程总是相等的,只不过位移是矢量,而路程是标量B. 位移是描述直线运动的,路程可以描述曲线运动

C. 只要物体发生了一段位移,则它一定通过了一段路程D. 运动会上参加400 m比赛的同一组的8位同学,他们通过的路程和位移都是相同的

6.在地质、地震、勘探、气象与地球物理等领域的研研中,需要精确的重力加速度g值,g值可由实验精确测定.近年来有一种测g值的方法叫“对称自由下落法”:将真空长直管沿竖直方向放置,自其中O点向上抛小球又落至原处的时间为T2,在小球运动过程中经过比O点高H的P点,小球离开P点至又回到P点所用的时间为T1,测得T1、T2和H,可求得g等于( )

A.B.C.D.

7.“飞流直下三千尺,疑是银河落九天”是唐代诗人李白描写庐山瀑布的佳句.某瀑布中的水下落时间是4 s,若把水的下落近似简化为自由落体运动,g取10 m/s2,则下列计算结果正确的是( )

A. 瀑布高度大约是20 mB. 瀑布高度大约是80 m C. 瀑布高度大约是160 mD. 瀑布高度大约是500 m

8.两个小车在水平面上做加速度相同的匀减速直线运动,若它们的初速度之比为1∶2,它们运动的最大位移之比为( )

A. 1∶2B. 1∶4C. 1∶D. 2∶1

9.如图所示,是我国的极地考察破冰船——“雪龙号”.为满足破冰航行的要求,其船体结构经过特殊设计,船体下部与竖直方向成特殊角度.则船体对冰块的弹力示意图正确的是( )

A. B. C. D.

10.下列关于参考系的叙述中,正确的是( )

A. 参考系是绝对不动的物体 B. 参考系可任意选取,对同一运动,观察的结果与参考系的选取无关

C. 研究物体的运动一定要选参考系,因为机械运动具有相对性

D. 在日常生活中,我们说某物体不动一定都是以地面为参考系的

11.如下图所示,物块M在静止的传送带上以速度v匀速下滑时,传送带突然启动,方向如图中箭头所示,若传送带的速度大小也为

v,则传送带启动后( )

A.M静止在传送带上 B.M可能沿斜面向上运动 C.M受到的摩擦力不变 D.M下滑的速度变小

12.人站在自动扶梯的水平踏板上,随扶梯斜向上匀速运动,如图所示.以下说法正确的是( )

A. 人受到重力和支持力的作用 B. 人受到重力、支持力和摩擦力的作用

C. 人受到的合力不为零 D. 人受到的合力方向与速度方向相同

13.下列关于质点的说法中,正确的是( )

A. 物体抽象为质点后,物体自身的大小和质量都可以忽略不计 B. 质量巨大的物体都不能看成质点 C. 凡轻小的物体,皆可看做质点 D. 如果物体的形状和大小对所研究的问题是无关紧要的因素时,即可把物体看做质点

14.如图所示,将大拇指倾斜按在水平桌面上向前推(仍静止不动),此推力大小为80 N,方向斜向下,与水平方向成37°角,则大拇指对

桌子的压力和摩擦力分别多大( )

A. 64 N,48 NB. 48 N,64 NC. 40 N,80 ND. 80 N,80 N

15.在如下所示的甲,乙,丙,丁四图中,滑轮本身的重力忽略不计,滑轮的轴O安装在一根轻木杆P上,一根轻绳ab绕过滑轮,a端固定在墙上,b端下面挂一个质量都是m的重物,当滑轮和重物都静止不动时,甲,丙,丁图中杆P与竖直方向夹角均为θ,图乙中杆P在竖直方向上,假设甲,乙,丙,丁四图中滑轮受到木杆弹力的大小依次为F1、F2、F3、F4,则以下判断中正确的是( )

A.F1=F2=F3=F4 B.F4>F1=F2>F3 C.F1=F3=F4>F2 D.F3>F1=F2>F4

16.两个力F1和F2间的夹角为θ,两个力的合力为F.以下说法正确的是( )

A. 若F1和F2大小不变,θ角越小,合力F就越小 B. 合力F可能比任何一个分力都小

C. 合力F总比任何一个分力都大 D. 如果夹角θ不变,F1大小不变,只要F2增大,合力F就必然增大

17.一小物体以一定的初速度自光滑斜面的底端a点上滑,最远可达b点,e为ab的中点,已知物体由a到e的时间为t0,则它从e经b再返回e所需时间为( )

A.t0 B. 2(+1)t0 C. (-1)t0D. (2+1)t0

下滑,直角劈18.如下图所示,放置在水平地面上的质量为M的直角劈上有一个质量为m的物体,若物体在其上匀速

仍保持静止,那么下列说法正确的是( )

A. 直角劈对地面的压力等于(M+m)gB. 直角劈对地面的压力大于(M+m)g

C. 地面对直角劈有向右的摩擦力D. 地面对直角劈有向左的摩擦力

19.如图所示,三个形状不规则的石块a、b、c在水平桌面上成功地叠放在一起,则石块( )

A.c受到水平桌面向左的摩擦力 B.c对b的作用力一定竖直向上C.b对a的支持力一定竖直向上 D.b对a的支持力一定等于a所受重力

20.如图,运动员的双手握紧竖直放置的圆形器械,在手臂OA沿由水平方向缓慢移到A′位置过程中,若手臂OA、OB的拉力分别为

正确的是( )

A.FA一定小于运动员的重力G B.FA与FB的合力始终大小不变 C.FA的大小保持不变D.FB的大小保持不变

二、多选题(4*4=16分,选不全得2分,全对得4分)

21.(多选)大小不变的F1、F2两个共点力的合力为F,则有( )

A. 合力F一定大于任一个分力 B. 合力F的大小既可能等于F1,也可能等于F2 C. 合力有可能小于任一个分力 D. 在0°至180°的范围内,合力F的大小随F1、F2间夹角的增大而减小

FA和FB,下列表述

22.(多选)10月2日1时30分57秒,搭载着嫦娥三号卫星和“玉兔号”月球车的火箭在西昌卫星发射中心点火发射.经过9天的飞行和多次的近月制动,于12月10日21时20分,嫦娥三号在环月轨道成功实施变轨控制,进入预定的月面着陆准备轨道.进入着陆准备轨道,卫星绕月球飞行一圈时间为120分钟.则下列说法正确的是( )

A. “1时30分57秒”和“120分钟”,前者表示“时刻”,后者表示“时间” B. 卫星绕月球飞行一圈,它的位移和路程都为零

C. 地面卫星控制中心在对卫星进行近月制动调整飞行角度时可以将飞船看成质点 D. 卫星绕月球飞行一圈过程中最大位移小于最大路程

23.(多选)如下图所示,一木块在垂直于倾斜天花板平面方向的推力F作用下,处于静止状态,则下列判断正确的是( )

A. 木块一定受到4个力的作用 B. 木块可能受到2个力的作用

C. 逐渐增大推力F,木块将继续保持静止状态D. 木块受天花板的滑动摩擦力随推力F的增大而增大

24.(多选)A、B两个物体在同一直线上运动,它们的速度图象如图所示,则( )

A.A、B两物体运动方向相反B. 4 s内A、B两物体的位移相同

C. 4 s末A、B两物体的速度相同 D.A物体的加速度的大小比B物体的小.

分卷II

三、填空题(每空2分,共14分)

25.甲的速度为5.4 km/h,乙的速度是2 m/s,丙的速度是120 cm/s,比较这三个速度,最大的是________,最小的是________.

26.

会同一中2016年下期高一物理竞赛试题 (答题卡)

一、单选题 (3*20=60) 二、多选题(4*4=16分,选不全得2分,全对得4分)

三、填空题(每空2分,共14分)

25、________ ________26、________________ ________________________

四、计算题12分

27.如下图所示,一名骑独轮车的杂技演员在空中钢索上表演,如果钢索所承受的最大拉力是2 000 N,演员和独轮车的总质量为80 kg,两侧的钢索最大成150°夹角,钢索能安全使用吗?(cos 75°=0.259,g取10 N/kg)

答案解析

1.【答案】D

【解析】由v=v0+at得,v=2 m/s+(-2)×2 m/s=-2 m/s,由x=v0t+at2得,x=2×2 m+×(-2)×22m=0,故选项D正确.

2.【答案】D

【解析】位移是描述物体位置变化的物理量,路程表示运动轨迹的长度,A错误;速度的变化率是矢量,速率是标量,B错误;研究运动员的技术动作,运动员的形状大小不能忽略,运动员不能看成质点,C错误;“卧看满天云不动,不知云与我俱东”此两句诗的前半句是以诗人自己为参考系的,D正确.

3.【答案】C

【解析】36 km/h=10 m/s,

汽车刹车到停止所需的时间t0===2.5 s.

刹车后第3 s内的位移,等于停止前0.5 s内的位移,

刹车运动可以逆向思维看成反向的初速度为零的匀加速直线运动,得x=at2=×4×0.25 m=0.5 m.

4.【答案】C

【解析】当该同学奔跑途中,后脚用力向后蹬,人才向前运动,正是由于地面给后脚有个向前的静摩擦力,使运动员能向前运动.而当前脚向前跨时,正是由于地面给前脚有个向后的静摩擦力,否则运动员会向前滑动.所以前脚受到地面的向后静摩擦力.

5.【答案】C

【解析】位移的大小一般小于路程,只有当物体做单向直线运动时,两者才相等,A错.位移、路程均可以描述直线运动和曲线运动,B错.物体发生了一段位移,它一定通过了一段路程,但物体通过了一段路程,它发生的位移可能为零,C正确.操场为弯道,故在运动会上,由于400 m比赛中8位同学的起点不同,所以他们的位移不同,但路程相同,D错.

6.【答案】A

【解析】将小球的运动分解为竖直向上的匀减速直线运动和竖直向下的自由落体运动,根据t上=t下,则从最高点下落到O点所用时间为,故v0=g,

从最高点下落到P点所用时间为,有:vP=g,

= 则从P点下落到O点的过程中的平均速度为:

从P点下落到O点的时间为:t=

根据H=- t可得:

(-)=(H=

解得:g=g+g)××(T2-T1) .

7.【答案】B

【解析】由h=gt2知:h=×10×42m=80 m,B正确.

8.【答案】B

【解析】由0-v=2ax得

9.【答案】C =,故=()2=,B正确.

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