高中英语 Unit5《The Power of nature》学案4 新人教版选修6

Unit 5 The Power of Nature

–ing 形式作状语

一、ing形式作状语,可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。 用法 时间 原因 例句 Crossing the road, he was ran over by a car. Having done their homework, the students played football. Not knowing English, he couldn't understand the film. Having lived in Shanghai, he knows the place very well. Working hard, you will do well in the exam. Turning to the left, you will see the post office. Working or reading, she always did her best. Not being a rich man himself, he helped the poor generously. The children went into the classroom, talking and laughing. She sat there, staring at the ceiling. His parents died in the war, leaving him an orphan. The child fell, striking his head against the door and cutting it. 条件 让步 伴随 结果 二、 –ing形式的完成式

句型 主动 Having +p.p. …, 主语+谓语 被动 (Having been) +p.p…, 主语+谓语 用法 -ing完成式所表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之前，一般在句中作时间或原因状语用被动语态-ing完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，在句中一般作状语用 Having answered the letter, she went on to read an English novel. Having been shown the lab, we were taken to see the library. 例句 三、学习-ing形式作状语的用法时,需要注意以下四点: 一、与过去分词作状语的区别。

一般来说,-ing形式表示主动、进行;过去分词表示被动、完成。试比较:

The enemy fled in a panic, leaving behind a lot of dead bodies and weapons.

Defeated and frightened, the enemy fled in a panic.

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分析:前一例中的-ing形式短语在句子中作伴随状语,它与其逻辑主语the enemy之间为主动关系;后一句中的过去分词defeated和frightened表原因,它与其逻辑主语the enemy之间为被动关系。

二、分词(短语)作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如果不一致，必须用独立主格结构来表示，也就是在分词前面加上它的逻辑主语。

1. Comparing all the great people with each other, you’ll find that they have much in common.

2. Finding her car stolen, she hurried to a policeman for help. 3. The train having gone, we had to wait another day.

分析:前两例中,-ing形式的逻辑主语均为主句的主语。最后一例中having gone的逻辑主语是 the train。

三、 -ing形式的否定式。其基本结构是:not + -ing形式,无论在完成式还是被动式里,not必须置于-ing形式之前。如:

Not having finished his homework, the boy was still doing it in the classroom.

四、 -ing形式(短语)的功能有时相当于一个状语从句。

根据这个性质,我们在使用-ing形式作状语时,切记不要在前面或后面的句子前用连词连接。如:

Walking on the fallen leaves in autumn, so you’ll feel very comfortable.(×)

分析:如前所述,-ing形式短语相当于一个状语从句,所以后半句中的连词so的使用是错误的,应该去掉。原句应改为:

Walking on the fallen leaves in autumn, you’ll feel very comfortable. Exercises

1． The great hall was crowded with many people, _____ many children _____on th

eir parents’ laps.

A. including; seated B. including; seating C. included; sat D. included; sitting

2. _____ for a long time, most of the crops in this area died from lacking water.

A. Being no rain B. There was no rain C. To be no rain D. There being no rain

3． His letter, _____ to the wrong number, reached me late.

A. having been addressed B. to have addressed C. to have been addressed D. being addressed 4．\全国卷3) A. run B. running C. to run D. ran

5．More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays, ______ advantage of the healthy and relaxation benefits. (NMET2005上海卷) A. taking B. taken C. having taken D. having been taken

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6．______ in the queue for half an hour , Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. (NMET2004北京卷)

A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited 答案

1.A。including为介词;由seat的用法可知,此处应用其过去分词形式。 2. D. There being no rain为 there be句型的独立主格形式。

3.A。address所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前,且与letter之间逻辑上存在着被动关系,having been addressed...在句中作非限制性定语。

4 解析：答案为B。现在分词running away在这里作伴随状语。题意是一边跑着，一边喊着说。

5．解析：该题考察非谓语动词的用法。四个选项均为take的不同形式，由句中的逗号及空白前后的逻辑关系考虑，此空应填现在分词表结果，答案为A。

6．解析：答案为C。 根据for half an hour 可判断出要用现在分词的完成形式having waited 填写，表示排队发生在汤姆意识到把钱包忘在家里了之前。

-ing形式高考考点归纳

考点1、对-ing形式作状语的考查 （1）作原因状语

【高考链接】______ in the queue for half an hour , Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. (NMET2004北京卷)

A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited

解析：答案为C。 根据for half an hour 可判断出要用现在分词的完成形式having waited 填写，表示排队发生在汤姆意识到把钱包忘在家里了之前。 （2）作方式状语，表伴随情况

【高考链接】\全国卷3) A. run B. running C. to run D. ran

解析：答案为B。现在分词running away在这里作伴随状语。题意是一边跑着，一边喊着说。

（3）作时间状语

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【高考链接】The old man , ______ abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland. (NMET2004江苏卷)

A. to work B. working C. to have worked D. having worked

解析：答案为D。根据for twenty years 可确定用现在分词的完成形式having worked做时间状语，表示他在回国前在国外工作了二十年。 （4）作结果状语：

【高考链接】More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays, ______ advantage of the healthy and relaxation benefits. (NMET2005上海卷) A. taking B. taken C. having taken D. having been taken

解析：该题考察非谓语动词的用法。四个选项均为take的不同形式，由句中的逗号及空白前后的逻辑关系考虑，此空应填现在分词表结果，答案为A。 考点2、对v-ing形式作宾语的考查

学习点拨：高考对v-ing形式作宾语的考查可分为两类：①在risk, admit , avoid, consider, dislike, enjoy, escape, face, fell, like, finish, forgive, give up, imagine, include, keep, mention, mind, miss, practice, put off, can't help, can't stand, look forward to, insist on 等某些动词或词组之后只能用v-ing形式，不能用不定式做宾语；②在forget, go on, like, mean, regret, remember, stop, try等某些动词之后可带动名词或不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别。

【高考链接】If you think that treating a woman well means always ______ her permission for things, think again.（NMET2006湖南卷） A. gets B. got C. to get D. getting

解析：答案为D。本题考查了非谓语动词之一-动名词做宾语的用法。英语中有许多动词之后只能接动名词做宾语，常见的这样的动词及词组有admit, avoid ,appreciate, consider, delay, deny, dislike, enjoy, escape, finish, fancy, feel like, give up, cannot help, mind ,mean(意味着)miss, postpone, pratice, put off 等。 考点3、对v-ing形式作宾补的考查

学习点拨：V-ing形式作宾补时通常在see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, notice, leave, get, have等动词之后，表示该动作正在发生。

【高考链接】He looked around and caught a man ______ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. (NMET2004北京春季)

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A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting

解析：答案为D。现在分词putting作宾语补足语，表示主动。catch sb. doing表示\当场抓住（撞见）某人在做某事。\考点4、对V-ing形式作定语的考查

学习点拨：v-ing形式作前置定语，表示用途，即\用来做……\\ ；V-ing形式作后置定语，往往表示正在发生或与谓语动词同时发生的动作，其作用相当于一个定语从句。

【高考链接】The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket _____ the desert.(NMET2006湖南卷)

A. covering B. covered C. cover D. to cover

解析：答案为A。本题主要考查非谓语动词之一-现在分词做定语的用法。A soft orange blanket 与 cover 存在主谓关系，相当于which/that covered 而不定式做定语一般表示将要发生的动作，答案D误选率较高。 考点5、对v-ing形式作主语的考查

学习点拨：此时v-ing形式多表示一般或抽象的多次性行为。

【高考链接】It's necessary to be prepared for a job interview . ______ the answer ready will be of great help. ( MEET 2005北京卷) A. To have had B. Having had C. Have D. Having

解析：动名词短语Having the answer ready 把答案准备好，作主语，故答案为C。 考点6、对v-ing形式作表语的考查

学习点拨：可分为两种情况：第一种表示\使人感到……的一种性质或特征。第二种表示抽象概括的动作，这种动作未必在进行。

【高考链接】It is believed that if a book is ______, it will surely ______ the reader. (NMET2003上海)

A. interested; interest B. interesting ;be interested C. interested; be interesting D. interesting; interest

解析：interesting意思为\有趣的\，interest在这里作及物动词，意思为\使读者感兴趣\。故答案为D。

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