2016年高考英语母题题源系列 专题10 阅读理解（文章结构）（含解析）

母题十阅读理解

【母题来源】【2016·北京】 【母题原题】 【2016·北京】D

Why College Is Not Home

The college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主性) and the development of adult identity. However, now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence, during which many of today’s students and are not shouldered with adult responsibilities.

For previous generations, college was decisive break from parental control; guidance and support needed help from people of the same age and from within. In the past two decades, however, continued connection with and dependence on family, thanks to cellphones, email and social media, have increased significantly. Some parents go so far as to help with coursework. Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passagefrom the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility, universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home.

To prepare for increased autonomy and responsibility, college needs to be a time of exploration and experimentation. This process involves “trying on ” new ways of thinking about oneself both intellectually(在思维方面) and personally. While we should provide “safe spaces” within colleges, we must also make it safe to express opinions and challenge majority views. Intellectual growth and flexibility are fostered on debate and questioning.

Learning to deal with the social world is equally important. Because a college community(群体) differs from the family, many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging. If students rely on administrators to regulate their social behavior and thinking pattern, they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity within

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a larger and complex community.

Moreover, the tendency for universities to monitor and shape student behavior runs up against another characteristic of young adults: the response to being controlled by their elders. If acceptable social behavior is too strictly defined(规定) and controlled, the insensitive or aggressive behavior that administrators are seeking to minimize may actually be encouraged.

It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out, particularly when there are reasons to do so. Our generation once joined hands and stood firm at times of national emergency. What is lacking today is the conflict between adolescent’s desire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world. Therefore, there is the desire for their dorms to be replacement homes and not places to experience intellectual growth.

Every college discussion about community values, social climate and behavior should include recognition of the developmental importance of student autonomy and self-regulation, of the necessary tension between safety and self-discovery. 67.What’s the author’s attitude toward continued parental guidance to college students?

A.Sympathetic B.Disapproving C.Supportive D.Neutral 68.The underlined word “passage” in Paragraph 2 means. A.change B.choice C.text D.extension 69.According to the author,what role should college play? A.to develop a shared identity among students B.to define and regulate students’ social behavior C.To provide a safe world without tension for students D.To foster students’ intellectual and personal development

70.Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?

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【答案】 67.B68.A69.D70.C

68.A猜测词义题。根据“from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility”可知，从家庭的庇护到自主性和成年人的责任，这是一种转变、变化，故选A。

69.D推理判断题。每个人的个性都是不同的，排除A；根据第四段“If students rely on administrators to regulate their social behavior and thinking pattern, they are not facing...”可知，作者不赞成大学管理者约束学生的社会行为，排除B；大学不是一个无忧无虑的场所，排除C；大学应该是学习知识和促进学生成长的地方，故选D。

70.C篇章结构题。根据第四段“Learning to deal with the social world is equally important.”中的“equally important”和第五段的“moreover”可知，第四段和第五段是第三段的次要论点，故选C。 考点：教育类短文阅读 【名师点睛】

I.三类篇章结构题的出题方式

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1. 结构识辨:此类组织结构题要求考生能够识别文章、段落的组织结构或行文方式。 结构

识辨类组织结构题常见的题干表述方式如下：

? How is the text organized?

? The author develops the passage mainly by________. ? The text is mainly developed in the order of________. ? Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?

2. 组织结构功能: 此类组织结构题要求考生判断文章或段落组织结构的功能、作用，其常见

的题干表述方式如下：

The author quoted ?words in...paragraph in order to make the article________. 3. 结构推测: 此类组织结构题要求考生能够根据文章或段落的组织结构、行文方式或段落内

容推测文章前后未呈现的写作内容。其常见的题干表述方式如下：

What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?[学优] Which of the following do you think has been discussed in the part before this selection? II.解题策略

考查组织结构的文章通常行文组织结构都比较清晰、规范，因此，具备文体、写作方式和文章组织结构方面相关知识对于有效解答此类题目具有至关重要的作用。 1)

记叙文可以采取以时间为序、以地点为序、以故事情节发展为序（开端、发展、高潮、结局）等叙事方式进行写作。以故事情节为序又可以不按照时间的先后顺序叙述，比如，先写结局，再写其他, 最后写高潮，这种叙事手法叫做倒叙。 2)

议论文总体上可以分为四类：

第一类，“提出论点——分论点一——分论点二——分论点三??——结论”； 第二类，“引入段——导出论点——分点论述——结论”； 第三类，“提出问题——分析问题——解决问题”；

第四类，“提出反面观点——批驳反面观点——提出正面观点”。

3) 说明文往往采取下定义、举例子、列数字、对比或比较等说明方式进行写作，而这些说明方式都是为了使文章要说明的内容或问题更加清晰明了、真实可信，或者更具说服力。

【命题意图】阅读理解从能力的角度来讲，考查学生运用英语的能力，具体地说，就是

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通过阅读有关文章提取有用信息的能力。

【考试方向】阅读理解所选的语段包括叙述文、说明文、应用文和议论文，继续保持了体裁的多样化特点。选材多源于英文报刊和网络媒体，包括广告应用文、日常生活、新闻报道、社会背景、政治经济、科普文章等各个方面的知识，并且具有鲜明的英语语言文化特点和浓厚的时代气息。综合地反映了政治、经济、文化和生活的各个方面，体现了“语言是文化的载体”这一重要理念；从题型的角度看，阅读题型主要有、细节理解型、主旨大意型、词义猜测型、推理判断型、篇章结构型、细节理解型。

【得分要点】从解题方法的角度讲，根据不同的题材和体裁，结合阅读的题型特点，采用不同的阅读方法，但不论怎样，理解文章的内容的前提。从题型的角度看，阅读题型主要有、细节理解型、主旨大意型、词义猜测型、推理判断型、篇章结构型、细节理解型。

【母题1】

1.【2016届江西上高县第二中学高三上学期第二次月考】

Before your child's final exam: and the graduation announcements, you face a significant task together: choosing the right college or university. There is no \size fits all\approach to selecting a college—it's a very personal process for most teenagers. Consider a wide range of factors to help your child make the best possible choice.

Discuss with your child her post-high school choices, such as college, finding work or starting a business, or joining the army. If you determine together that college is the best choice for your child, talk about the importance of college, and her longer-term goals by going to college.

Talk to your child about what she thinks is important in a college experience and share your opinions as well. Identify the issues that will directly impact her college choice, such as her grades, test scores and family finances. Then make a list of the key criteria for her dream school, including factors such as the school's location, its size, the types of program:, the after school activities available and the type of financial aid available.

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＄4 from Amazon.

5. If the writer were short of money, he would prefer _______. A. a print paperback C. a mobile phone

B. an Apple iPad

D. an Amazon Kindle

6. According to the passage, which of the following statements on the Amazon Kindle is NOT TRUE?

A. Its battery can last for a long time. B. Its keyboard is kept in the proper position. C. It is easy to carry and the screen size is proper. D. It is comfortable for eyes because of its E Ink display.

7. A possible customer would not buy iPads 1 & 2 for reading because _______. A. most e-book apps must be downloaded first B. only paid-version e-books can be read on it C. much information is lost at times when reading D. attention is easily taken away when reading on it 8. The passage is developed in the form of _______.

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。读印刷的书还是在电子设备上读书，哪个方式更好？请看这篇文章是怎么说的。

5. A。考查细节理解。根据最后一段的But if money is tight, go for print. My used paperback

cost only＄4 from Amazon.可知，在钱紧张的情况下，作者会选择简装书，也就是选项A。

6. B。考查细节理解。根据第二段的Battery life is outstanding; on average you charge

the device only once a month.可知选项A是正确的描述；根据Its six-inch screen is the perfect size for reading, and reading on its black and white E Ink display

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doesn’t harm your eyes.可知选项C、D是正确的描述。而通过My only complaint with the Kindle design is the placement of the keyboard at the bottom of the device.可知选项B是错误的描述，本题就是选择错误的描述，故选择B。

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