主谓一致、感叹句、祈使句

主谓一致

动词的形式必须随着主语单、复数形式变化而变 英语中主语和谓语保持一致叫主谓一致，即谓语化。考查主谓一致的常见题型有单项选择和时态填空等。突破这类题目的方法是①熟练掌握主谓一致的原则②做题时仔细比较，分析，以提高做题的精确度。

一、最基本的\主谓一致\规则

最基本的“主谓一致”规则是：“单则单，复则复”，即主语为单数时，谓语动词也用相应的单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词也用相应的复数形式。 但要注意：当表示时间、长度、距离、金钱、度量等词组作主语时，常将其看作是一个整体，谓语动词要用单数形式。

另外，加减乘除也常当作整体对待，谓语动词也用单数形式。

e.g. I am a teacher. They go to the movies week.

once a e.g.Ten dollars is enough. e.g. 二、集体名词作主语时，谓语动词的使用 Four plus six is ten.

family, class, team等集体名词作主语时，若指一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；但若指其成员时，谓语动词用复数形式。 e.g. The family is very big. Their family are watching TV now. 这个家庭非常大。

三、 他们的家人正在看电视。politics, physics, works, the United States,

news, maths这类词语貌似复数，意义上却是单数的名词作主等词作主语时，谓语动词的使用 语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

但要注意有些名词，如：people(人；人们), police等形式为单数，意义是复数，谓语动词要用复数形式。

e.g. The news is very exciting. e.g. People there are very friendly.

Physics is a bit difficult for me. 四、两个主语用and连接时，谓语动词的使用 一般用复数形式。 and连接两个名词

(或代词)作主语时，谓语动词 念时，谓语动词要用单数形式。 但要注意：and连接的两个名词只表示一个概 e.g.Mary and Helen are good friends. e.g. A singer and dancer is coming. 五、 一个歌手兼舞蹈家就要来了。many a ＋单数名词 (许多……)

；

A and each B ; every A and every B more than one ＋单数名词(不止一……); each 时谓语动词用单数

等结构作主语 e.g. Every hour and every minute is important. new job.

More than one person here is going to find a 六、不定代词作主语时，谓语动词的使用1.something, everything, anything, nothing,

everybody, anybody, nobody, everyone, anyone不定代词，以及either（either of), neither(neither 等of), each (each of), each one, no one时，谓语动词用单数形式。

等代词作主语2.both, few, a few, many, several, other e.g. Neither of the answers is right. Something is wrong with my computer.

修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。等它们所 to 150. e.g. A few people Many of them have computers. live to 100, but few people live 七、单数名词作主语,尽管后面有with, as well as, like形式，

except,but等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数e.g. 1.The teacher with his students has gone to the library.

2. Is the woman like you your mother? 八、动词不定式 3. No one except the teachers knows the answer. (或动词不定式短语)，V-ing形式以及名词性从句作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 time. 1.To eat in a fast food restaurant is cheap and saves 幻灯片 2.Climbing hills is good exercise.

3.What we need now is time. 204

九、在定语从句中，关系代词who, which, that 作主语时，其谓语动词的数应也先行词保持一致。 Those who want to go should meet here. 十 . There be Tom likes music that has great lyrics. 结构的就近原则

常与最近作主语的词语保持一致。 There be 句型中的be动词的人称和数常

e.g.There is a teacher,a desk, some chairs in the classroom. some desks and 十一、并列结构或连词（ neither... nor..., either...or..., not...but...谓语动词与靠近的那个名词或代词保持一致，，not only... but also...）连接的并列主语，即就近原则。both…and…

用复数形式。表示

“……和……都”，谓语动词一般e.g. Neither he nor I know anything about it.

Not only the students but also the teacher the museum.

visited e.g.Both his father and mother are doctors.

主谓一致正误辨析

同学们在\主谓一致\问题上经常会犯判断失误的错误，现将有关\主谓一致\现象的难点归纳如下： 一、主语为单数集体名词，谓语动词用复数的情况

[例1]警察正在城里搜捕一名小偷。 [误] The police is searching the city for a thief.

[正] The police are searching the city for a thief.

[析] police，people，cattle(牛)等词虽然形式上是单数，但意义上却为复数，谓语动词需用复数形式。

[例2]在我国老人受到很好的照顾。 [误] The old is taken good care of in our country.

[正] The old are taken good care of in our country.

[young析]某些形容词前加上定冠词示一类人时，其意义为复数，谓语动词用复数形，the dead，the rich，the sickthe，如等，用以表the old，the 式。

二、主语为复数形式，谓语动词用单数的情况 [例1]《纽约时报》是流行于美国各地的报纸。 [误] The New York Times are read all over the United States.

[正] The New York Times is read all over the United States.

[析]当表示国家、城市、人名、书名、报纸、杂志及组织机构等的专有名词作主语时，通常把它们作为整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式。 [例2]这条裤子是他哥哥的。

[误] This pair of trousers are his brother's. [正] This pair of trousers is his brother's. [析]一些由两个相同部分组成一体的复数名词，如trousers，glasses，shoes等，作主语时，若前面有“一条”、“一副”、“一把”之类的量词，则谓语动词用单数，不带量词时，则谓语动词用复数形式。

三、主语为单数形式，谓语动词有时用单数，有时用复数的情况[例1]他家里人正等着他。 [误] His family is waiting for him. [正] His family are waiting for him.

[析]有些集体名词，如family，class，group，team整体看待，谓语动词用单数；如果就其中一个个，nation，couple等，作主语时，若作为一个成员考虑，谓语动词则用复数形式。 [例2]我们需要许多食物。

[误] Lots of food are needed by us. [正] Lots of food is needed by us.

[析] \名词\作主语时，谓语动词的数依据名词的数而定。 四、并列主语与谓语动词数的一致的情况 [例1]那位教师兼作家来参加会议了。 meeting.

[误] The teacher and writer have come to the meeting.

[正] The teacher and writer has come to the [同一人，同一物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数析]由and连接的两个(或两个以上)单数主语，指形式。

[例2]每个男孩和女孩都有受教育的权利。 [education.

误] Every boy and every girl have the right to [education.

正] Every boy and every girl has the right to [析]由and连接两个单数主语，若前面有every五、几种特殊结构的主谓语一致，each等限定时，谓语动词用单数形式。

[[例1]pleasure.

误] To tallk with the children are a great 和这些孩子们交谈是一件愉快的事。 [[正词用单数形式。析] To talk with the children is a great pleasure. ]该句是不定式作主语，表示单一概念，谓语动

[[例[误] Everything are ready2]一切都准备好了，是吗，aren't they? ?

[正时，陈述句部分谓语动词用单数形式，附加疑问析] Everything is ready] everything，something，isn't it?

，nothing等作主语句中谓语动词和相应代词都只可用单数形式。 nobody 不定代词everybody，单数形式。但是，在附加疑问句中谓语动词与相等作主语时，陈述句部分谓语动词一般用someone, anyone，应代词多用复数形式。

aren’t they? Everyone is having fun, 巩固练习

1. A woman with a baby______ coming here. A. is B. are

2. The girl as well as the boys ______learned to drive a car.

A. has B. have

3. Whenever anything_______, please stay here quietly.

A. happens B. happen 4. Many a man_____ the story. “many a A. believe B. believes

上为复数＋单数可数名词(意为“许多”)，若用作主语，其谓语通常”形式上为单数，但意义与形式一致而不与意义一致(即谓语用单数)。 5. A year and a half_____ already passed. A. 6. Twelve percent of the workers here______ has B. have

women.

A. is B. are

7. His family______ watching TV A. is B. are

. 8. Bread and butter______ their daily food. A. is B. are

9. Not only a pen but also two books _____lost. A. was B. were

10. The boy and the girl each______ their own toys. A. has B. have

eachand girl,作the boy and girl11. Maths_______ not easy to learn. 因而是复数

的同位语，中心词是the boy A. is B. are

12. To master the spirit of a foreign language______ not easy.

A. is B. are

13. A number of the students_______ going to visit the History Museum. A. is B. are

14. The number of the girl students in that

school______ smaller than that of the boy students. A. is B. are

15. The doctor and scientist______ to the meeting. A. was invited B. were invited 感叹句

Exclamations 知识点1： 感叹句 结构：

What+(a/an)+adj.+n.+subject+v.What+★ What 形容词 an +interesting 名词+主语+ story 动词！！ it Is! ☆ What 形容词 名词 主语 动词

★ What 多么有趣的故事啊！ beautiful flowers they are! ☆ What 形容词 名词 主语 动词 （ 2011. 多么漂亮的花啊！新疆）_____bad weather it is!

A.How Exclamations B.How a C. What 知识点2： 感叹句 D.What a 结构：

How+adj./adv.+subject+v.How+例： 形容词/副词+主语+！动词 . ★☆ How How 形容词lucky 主语we are! 动词 ★ How quickly the time passed! 我们多幸运啊！ ☆ How 副词 主语 动词 （ 2011· 时间过得真快啊！江苏盐城） _____interesting it is to go sailing in Qingdao in summer!

A.What xclamations B.What an C.How D.How an ★ How lucky 结构比较解析 we are! How 形容词 主语 动词

★ What an interesting story it is!

点拨： What 如果在一个感叹句中， 形容词 名词形容词后出现了名词 主语 动词 且不是主语，那么这个感叹句就是以What引导的. ◆ 请在横线上填上你认为正确的单词 1.__ great film it is! 2.___ exciting they are! 3._____ a pretty girl she is! 4._____ kind you are! ◇ 点拨：牢记感叹句的两个基本结构： 5._____ bad weather it is! What+(a/an)+adj.+n.+subject+v How+adj./adv.+subject+v. Exclamations ★ 判断一个感叹句是由例题小结 What还是How引导，可以看形容词后出现的名词是不是主语，若不是，则可判定这个感叹句是由What引导的.如果名词是单数，记得在What后加a/an. ★ 同样可以根据句子的结构来判定: 1.What+ （What 形容词形 名+ 名词主+主语+动词. 2.How+形容词+主语 动）+动词 . 打油诗一首 （How : 感叹句往后看形 主 动） 形容词后是名单就用what a

形后若是不可数或名复数或what an 只用what就可以 Exercise 形容词后乱糟糟只写how就OK 了 Ⅰ.把下列各句改成感叹句(注意分析句子的结构）. 1.They are very beautiful flowers. ____ _______ _____they are! ___ ______ ___ flowers are! 2.The woman is very kind( 善良的）. ___ ___ the woman is! ___ __ kind woman! Ⅱ . 单项选择 3.They had a good idea.

___ .

___ ___ idea they had! 1.___ clever the young man is! A.Who B.When ( )

2.___ fresh air it is in this village! C.What ( D.How ) A.How B.What C.When D.Which 祈使句 3.___ the workers are working now! A.How hard C.What hard B.How hardly ( )

D.What a hard 祈使句指的是表示命令、请求、建议或劝告的句子。其主语you常省略，谓语动词用原型，句末用感叹句或句号，读降调。

记住 “VBLD”,正确使用祈使句 记住1.“V” “VBLD”,正确使用祈使句 行为动词原形结构(动态句V.+宾语)

+其他. Give me a cup of tea,please. Stand up !

Open the door, please. Put up your hand(s),please. Please sit down. child. It’s good for your health.” Father said. (2008·资阳中考) “_______ exercise every day, my A. Taking C. Take B. To take D. Takes

记住2. “B” “VBLD”,Be +Be careful! 表语结构(名词(静态句正确使用祈使句 , 形容词)

)+其他. Be quiet!

Be a good student. Be a true man. -punished.” “_________ here on time next time, or you’ll be (2008·南通中考) –“Sorry for being late again.” 记住 A. Be C. To be

B. Being 3.“L” “VBLD”, 正确使用祈使句 D. Been Let +表示一种建议人称代词宾格结构(使役句)

. 用于第一+ V.原形,三人称+其他. . Let me help you . Let us have a rest.

Let’s go out for a walk.Let’s clean the classroom. Let Let him sit beside you. the boy come in. 实战

(you.

重庆）The work is hard for you. _________me help C. Letting Let’s 记住 B. Let D. Let to 4. “D” “VBLD”,Don’t + 结构(否定句正确使用祈使句 Don’t be careless. 祈使句. ) Don’t be late for school.

Don’t open the window . Don’t let (2008·实战 the children play

on the road. baby is sleeping right now.

嘉兴中考) Sara! ________ talk loudly. The A. Do B. Does Homework

C. Don’t D. Doesn’t 1.Please open your books.(Please ____ 变否定) ____ 2.Let’s do it together.( _____your books,please. ____ your books. 3.Let Jack clean the blackboard.

Let’s ___ ____ it together.变否定) 4.Close the window, ______ ____? Let Jack ___ ___ the blackboard. 5.Let’s play games, ___ ___ ?6.Let us go to the Great Wall, ____

7.Close your eyes,please.

_____ ?

___

___ please close your eyes?

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