反义疑问句

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疑问句有两种:前肯后否和前否后肯

前肯后否的正常回答,是就是yes,不是就是no,和汉语的交际习惯完全一样 前否后肯的比较特别,yes要翻译成“不”,no要翻译成“是的”。

附加疑问句是由陈述句加简短附加问句构成,用以要求对方证实所述之事。附加疑问句语法需要两部分的人称时态应保持一致,通常有两种形式:陈述部分肯定式+疑问部分否定式;陈述部分否定式+疑问部分肯定式。本文主要详细介绍附加疑问句的特殊用法。

1、当陈述部分的主语是I,而句子又用来征询对方的意见时,附加疑问句中的主语用you。例: I find English very interesting, don't you?

2、当陈述部分的主语是everybody, everyone, someone, nobody, no one, somebody等合成代词时,附加疑问句中的主语通常用they。但亦可用he,尤其是nobody, no one等作主语,具有否定概念时。例: Nobody wants to go there, does he?

3、当陈述部分的主语是不定代词everything, nothing, anything, something时,附加疑问句中的主语一般用it,不用they。例: Everything seems all right now, doesn't it?

4、当陈述部分的主语是指示代词this, that或these, those时,附加疑问句中的主语分别用it和they。例: This is important, isn't it?

5、例果陈述部分是以代词one作主语,附加疑问句中的主语在正式场合用one,非正式场合用you,在美国英语中,在非正式场合还可以用he。例: One can't be too careful, can one?或can you?

6、例果陈述部分用I'm?结构,附加疑问部分一般用aren't I。例:I am strong and healthy aren't I。 7、当陈述句为there be结构时,附加疑问句中的主语也用there。例:There's something wrong, isn't there?

8、陈述部分带有seldom, hardly, never, rarely, few, little,nowhere, nothing等否定词或半否定词时,附加疑问部分的动词用肯定形式。例: Few people know him, do they?

9、例果陈述部分的否定词带有否定前缀,那么,该陈述部分作肯定处理,附加疑问部分一般仍用否定形式。例: Tom dislikes the book, doesn't he?

10、当陈述部分为主从复合句时,附加疑问部分一般应与主句的主语和谓语动词保持对应关系。例: She says that I did it, doesn't she? 但当陈述部分的主语是I,谓语是think, believe, suppose, expect这类动词时,附加疑问部分则往往与从句中的主语和谓语动词保持对应关系,但要注意否定的转移。例: I don't think she cares, does she? 11、当陈述部分是并列句,附加疑问句则需和就近的分句的主语和谓语一致。例: Xiao Lin has been writing letters all afternoon but he should finish them now, shouldn't he?

12、在由“祈使句+附加疑问”构成的附加疑问句中,附加疑问部分一般用will you, won't you, would you,有时也可用can you, can't you, why don't you, could you等。例: Don't open the door, will you? Give me some bread, can you? 但是,以let's开头的祈使句,附加疑问部分用shall we;以let us开头的祈使句,例果含义是让我们us,不包括听话人在内,疑问部分用will you。例: Let's have a basketball match this afternoon, shall we? Let us go out for a rest, will you?

13、当陈述部分带有情态动词must表示“必须”时,疑问部分用mustn't。例: I must answer the letter, mustn't I? 但若表推测这层含义时,不能用must,而要根据陈述部

分的不定式结构(即must之后的动词)以及含义采用相应的动词形式。例: You must have made a mistake, haven't you?

14、当陈述部分含有情态动词used to时,疑问部分可用usedn't或didn't。例: The old man used to smoke, didn't he?或usedn't he? 15、当陈述部分带有情态动词ought to时,疑问部分用oughtn't或shouldn't。例: He ought to know the answer, oughtn't he?

16、当陈述部分含有had better时,疑问部分用had。例:You'd better finish your homework now, hadn't you?

17、感叹句后的附加疑问句的谓语动词需用be的现在时,且常用否定形式。例: What a clever boy, isn't he?(更多详情请参见周童瑜英语易筋经:语法十二式之感叹句秘诀) 18、陈述句子中的主语为动词不定式短语、动名词短语或其他短语时,疑问部分的主语通常用it。例:Between six and seven will suit you, won't it?

19、在口语和非正式文体中,为了加强语气,只是表示某种惊奇、怀疑、反感、讽刺等感情而并不是为了寻求回答,这时前后两部分的肯定、否定是一致的。例: Oh, he is a writer, is he? You'll not go, won't you?

20、陈述句中的谓语动词是wish,表示愿望时用may,且用肯定形式。例: I wish to have a chance to learn English, may I?

21、当陈述部分带有表示“所有”含义的动词have(has)时,疑问部分既可用have形式,也可用do形式。例: You have a new bike, haven't you(或don't you)?

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