学生语法辅导（老师版）

英语应用能力测试B级语法辅导

辅导老师: Echo 班 级: 姓 名:

I.动词的时态与语态

（一）一般现在时 被动态： be done

1． 表示经常性的动作和状态，常与always, every day, never, often, usually, sometimes等频度副词连用；

说话时人和事物的特性或状态；客观真理等。

I-------ping-pong quite well, but I haven`t had time to play since the new year. A. will play B. have played C. played D. play 2． 表示计划或安排中的动作。 The train leaves for Guangzhou at 2:30 p.m.

3.在时间和条件状语从句中，一般现在时代替一般将来时，一般过去式代替过去将来时。如： 1) When he comes/came, I will/would give him the book. 2) If it is fine tomorrow, we will go to the countryside. 3) ---When will you come to see me, Dad?

---I will go to see you when you _______ the training course. A. will have finished B. will finish C .are finishing D. finish （二）一般过去时was/were/did 被动态：was/were done

1．表示过去所发生的动作或状态、过去的习惯。有明显的过去时间的提示。

---You haven`t said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it?

---I`m sorry I _______anything about it sooner. I certainly think it`s pretty on you. A. wasn`t saying B. don`t say C. won`t say D. didn`t say

2．It’s (high) time…句型中，如It’s time you had a holiday

3．用于I wish…I’d rather… if only…suppose等结构that分句中,这为虚拟语气，主要表示主观设想，与现在的事实相反。

I wish you lived closer to us If only he didn’t drive so fast I’d rather you went now

Suppose they didn’t believe it, how should we convince them? (三) 1)现在进行时 is doing 被动态: is being done

表示现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的情况。

Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _____so rapidly. A. is changing B. has changed C. will have changed D. will change

2)过去进行时 was doing/ was being done， 表示过去的某一时间点正在做什么 The reporter said that the UFO ________ from east to west when he saw it. A. was traveling B. traveled C. had been traveling D. was to travel

注： 少量动词的现在进行时和过去进行时分别表示一般将来时和过去将来时,如go, come, leave, start, arrive, return

I am leaving for beijing tomorrow He was leaving for beijing the next day

（四）现在完成时have done 被动态:have been done

1. 表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在（可能还会继续下去）的动作，发生在过去但对现在有影响, 常用于延续性动词，多和一段时间状语如since, so far, for a year, in recent years 等连用.

现在完成进行时 have been doing

与现在完成时很多时候可以互换,但是完成进行体必须加for since, 完成进行体没有否定式 Who’s been eating my dinner?还有些 Who’s eaten my dinner?全吃光了

2. “ This/ It is the first/ second time that…..”句型中， 从句的谓语动词常用现在完成时。 This is the third time they haven’t come for the book.

3. 表示短暂动作的动词come forget join, die, stop不能与for, since这样的时间状语搭配使用,必须转换为一种可以持续的表状态的动词

He has joined the army for three years改为He has served in the army for three years His father has died for five years改为 His father has been dead for five years (五) 过去完成时had done 被动态: had been done

1.表示过去某一时间以前已完成的动作，常于by, before 等引导的时间状语连用。 He had been in this college for five years before I came to study. By the end of last month we had learned 2,000 English words.

2. 在 no sooner… than; hardly(scarely)…when 等句型中，主句常用过去完成时，从句则用一般过去时, 意为一….就…。

No sooner had I entered the classroom when the bell rung.

3. think, hope, intend, mean, expect, want, plan等动词的过去完成时表示过去的愿望，打算，计划等没有实现。

I had hoped to visit him, but I was too busy.

这类动词和不定式连用时可以改为“过去式+不定式的完成式”。 I hoped to have visited him, but I was too busy. 4.常与by/when+过去时间连用

I had finished my homework by ten o’clock yesterday I had written the article when they came

5. If, if only, as if, I wish, I would rather, 等引导的分句,表示与过去事实相反,就用过完成

I would rather you had told her the truth 6. 在It was the first time that…

It was the first time this year he had worked on a Saturday (六)一般将来时Will / shall + do 被动态: will be done

其他形式: 1)be going to + do 表示计划、安排，或“最近将来”要发生的事情，还可以描述根据某种迹象表明将要发生的事情。

We are going to have a party this evening. Look at the clouds. It`s going to rain.

2) be + to do表示按计划安排即将发生的动作；表示命令、禁止或可能性等。(be to be done)

We are to finish the work before five this afternoon.

(七) 过去将来时would do 被动态:would be done

表示相对于过去某一时间将要发生的动作或状态，常用于宾语从句中。 He warned us that the journey would be very dangerous. （八）将来进行时

表示过去某一时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作

This time on Saturday I shall be flying to Paris.

(九) 将来完成时will have done. 被动态: Will have been done

The new buildings will have been built on the campus by the end of this year

历年典型考题与练习

1.China will be the largest market for automobiles in 20 to 25 years if the country’s economy ____A__to grow at the current rate.(2000-06-A)

A. continues B. has continued C. continued D. has been continued 2.Whenever I went home, I (bring)_would bring___some gifts to my neighbor. (2000-06-A) 3. A young man stood nearby while I (read) __reading_____ the newspaper. (2000-06-A) 4.Over forty years(pass)___had passed____since the bridge was built in the district.(2000-06-A) 5.The Chinese people are doing things no one( do)___has done____so far .(2000-06-A) 6.This is one of the largest bridges that ____b____on this river.(1000-06-A) A. is ever built B> has even been built C. was ever built D. has ever built 7.This was the first time I___A___ English with a foreigner.(2000-12-A) A. spoke B .speak C. have spoken D. had spoken 8.We hoped that by the end of this year we ____D___ the job.

A. had finished B. finished C. would have finished D. will finish

9. January 1st,1997 is the historic date when Britain(join) ___has_served____ the Common Market. 10. The short supply didn`t meet the demand that (increase) ____has increased_____ rapidly. 11. Since the introduction of the new technique, the production cost ___D_____ greatly.

A. reduces B. is reduced C. is reducing D. has been reduced

12.I hope they _____D___ this road by the time we come back.

A. have repaired B. will repair C. are to repair D. will have repaired

13.In two months` time he (finish) __will finished______his training and start work. 14. I could have called you yesterday, but I______A____ your telephone number.

A. didn`t have B .won`t have C. hadn`t had D. wouldn`t have

15. Three new buildings ____C_____ on the campus by the end of this year.

A. will be built B. are going to be built C. will have been built D. have been built

16.Please describe exactly what (happen)___happened____ on the campus last night. 17. The football team hoped that they (win)______will win____ another glorious victory soon. 18. This is the first time I (see)___have seen_______ such a terrible scene. 19. By the time you get there tomorrow, they ___D____for Beijing.

A. will have left B. are leaving C. will leave D. are to leave

20. Thirty percent of Jane`s income _____D_____ on clothing every year.

A. is spent B. is being spent C. had been spent D. has been spent

21.I wondered why Nancy (lie)_____has lay____ about her age.

22.Most of the people who are visiting Britain ___D______ about the food and weather there.

A. are always to complain B. have always complained C. always complain D. will always complain

23.He was told that the stranger (wait) _____has waited____for him for two hours. 24. He said “ I __A____ a lot of new words by the end of last year.”

A. had already learnt B. would have already learnt C. have already learnt D. already learnt

25. On his way home he suddenly remembered he (not lock)__________the door of the office. 26.Linda feels exhausted because she ________ so many visitors today.

A. has been having B. was having C. had been having D. had had

27. Most students (take ) ___________ sixty credits by the time they graduate. 28. Up till now I (spend)_____________ a great deal of money on books.

29.In these five years, the foundation ( collect ) __________ a large amount of money. 30. Hundreds of jobs _________ if the factory closes.

A.lose B .will be lost C. are lost D. will lose

31. Who (sing)_____________ in the next room? The voice is so nice.

32. We (say)______________ enough on how to learn a foreign language.

33. We are going to Florida as soon as we (finish)___________ taking our final exams. 34. Unless he (send)_____________ the money before Friday I shall consult the lawyer. 35. He (cross)_________ the street when he was hit by a car.

36. A lot of people were standing around when the police (arrive)___________. 37.We began the test yesterday, but we (make)____________preparations long before. 38.No sooner had they gone to the plant than they (start)_________ to work. 39.There (be)__________ several such occurrences in the past few weeks. 40.He (take)________ off his hat and bowed politely as he passed. 41. John (go)__________to the doctor`s today because he felt ill. 42. He (promise)_________me that he would pay the bill next week. 43. Look ,the cat (run)________ after the mouse. 44. I (write)_________ a book at the moment.

45. These painters say that they (finish)_______ the downstairs room by Wednesday.

46. I will graduate shortly and return to my country where I will use the knowledge I (gain)_______to build my homeland.

47.They fulfilled the task assigned by their teacher earlier than they (expect)_________. 48. It is raining hard, but by the time the class is over, the rain (stop)___________. 49. If you (miss)________ the train, you won`t be able to get there on time.

50.By the end of the month, we surely (find)_________a satisfactory solution to the problem. II.动词语态历年典型考题与练习：

1.When he arrived at the hospital, he asked worriedly who was (operate)________ on.

2.If the medicine (take)___________ in time, it will be quite effective. 3. These pills should (keep)__________ out of the reach of children. 4. The house with the furniture (buy)___________ for $50,000 last year.

5. The cause of the accident may never (discover)___________ on spite of the effort of the police. 6.The battle was over, and the wounded (send)_______ to hospital at once. 7. A new hospital (build)_____________ in our hometown now. 8. Few of them (persuade)___________ of the truth of his statement. 9.He (charge)_______________ with killing the boy last month.

10. They suspected that the secret (give)_______________ away by one of his friends.

11. The growth rate of the country`s exports this year (predict)___________to below or even negative. 12.Owing to the state of the ground the match has (put)_____________ off.

13.Many a student (ask)___________ the same question by the teacher in yesterday`s class. 14. It (say)____________ that the workers all regard him with sympathy.

15. The policeman said the seized drugs (estimate)____________ to have a market value of $1.4 million. III.虚拟语气

虚拟语气是每次必考的一个项目，A级、B级中都有出现。根据《基本要求》的规定，大家必须掌握以下几点：

1．条件从句中的虚拟语气

(1)与现在事实相反： 从句 If + 主语 + 动词的过去式 （be --- were） 主句 主语+ should/would/could/might+动词原形 If I were you, I should make full use of time

（2）与过去事实相反： 从句 if+主语+had+过去分词

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