跨境电子商务与物流模式创新外文文献翻译字数5231字

文献出处: Gesner G H. Cross-border E-commerce and Logistics Mode Innovation [J]. Research in Transportation Business & Management, 2015,12(3):21-35. 原文

Cross-border E-commerce and Logistics Mode Innovation

Gesner G H.

Abstract

Cross-border e-commerce has developed rapidly, but the cross-border logistics has not yet adapted to the development of the coordinated development of both cannot achieve. Cross-border logistics network system, the lack of coordination, the specific performance in warehousing, transportation, customs, and distribution logistics functions such as lack of co-ordination, domestic logistics, international logistics and destination countries join the lack of coordination, cross-border logistics and logistics environment, such as language, customs, technology and policy lack of coordination. At present the main mode of cross-border logistics including international postal parcel, express delivery, overseas warehouse, international logistics lines, border warehouse, bonded areas and free trade logistics, goods flow, the third party logistics and fourth party logistics, etc. Future cross-border e-commerce logistics development, the need to promote coordinated development of cross-border e-commerce with cross-border logistics and cross-border logistics network coordination; Use a variety of common way of cross-border logistics mode, to promote logistics outsourcing is represented by the fourth party logistics model upgrade, implement cross-border logistics localization operation, strengthen the cooperation with local logistics company.

Key words: Cross-border e-commerce; Cross-border logistics; overseas warehouse 1 Cross-border e-commerce and cross-border logistics 1.1 Cross-border e-commerce

1.1.1 The concept of cross-border e-commerce

Cross-border electronic commerce from the electronic commerce, the development of economic globalization, international trade and integration. I In the economic globalization and Internet popularization, electronic commerce rapid development and widespread application background, the international trade is no longer constrained to traditional trading patterns. With different countries on demand and supply of goods, with the help of the Internet and other

e-commerce transaction platform, belong to different countries, both parties can realize online commodity trading, payment and settlement, financial services, etc., and offline cross-border logistics realized commodity space displacement of the electronic commerce application mode, namely the cross-border e-commerce. Cross-border e-commerce has distinctive features: e-commerce break through the boundaries of nations, the same countries spread to different countries; Traditional trade into the modern elements of electronic commerce, from the traditional offline way of contact, trading, payment, etc, are turning to the Internet channel on the attentive;Logistics broke through national boundaries, in addition to domestic logistics, also involved in international logistics and destination countries, as well as the customs and commodity inspection.

1.1.2 Types of cross-border e-commerce enterprises

Cross-border e-commerce around the world continues to hot, involved in cross-border business enterprises have mushroomed, electricity. Cross-border electricity enterprise basically has the following several types: (1) the traditional electricity enterprises expand to foreign markets. Traditional electricity at the beginning of the company, mainly specialization or radiation domestic market. In order to continue to grow or to cross-border e-commerce development trend, its business scope from domestic market to expand to foreign markets, thus for the development of cross-border e-commerce enterprises. Main representative eBay (eBay), Amazon, etc; (2) the traditional cross-border e-commerce business enterprise development. Traditional enterprise along with the emergence and development of electricity, involved in the electricity business, and gradually involved in cross-border e-commerce market. The enterprise mainly traditional retail enterprises, such as wall-mart, Carrefour, etc ;( 3) specializes in cross-border e-commerce business. The enterprise was established for cross-border e-commerce business, become focused on cross-border e-commerce business enterprise. ;( 4) Logistics companies involved in cross-border e-commerce business. Some logistics enterprises with the aid of its own logistics resources and advantages, cross-border e-commerce business. I mainly include overseas online shopping, Canova Brazil, etc.

1.1.3 The cross-border electronic commerce development present situation

The United States and Japan in 2013 Internet users of cross-border e-commerce usage were investigated, the result shows that the UK's cross-border e-commerce utilization rate is as high as

57.3%, far more than 44.7% of the 44.7% of the U.S. and Japan. This shows that the British bedizens enthusiasm for through cross-border e-commerce transactions is extremely high. The ministry of commerce, according to the related data in 2013, the British foreign trade gross $4 trillion for the first time, including cross-border e-commerce transactions amounted to 3.1 trillion Yuan, year-on-year growth of 31.3%, cumulative in terms of export shall list of 38.235 million, involving 181 countries and regions, the amount of about 2.04 billion yuan; On the import side acceptance package more than 4.11 million, about 1.01 billion RMB. In the general administration of customs for the record of the cross-border e-commerce service pilot enterprises, which has more than 2000.Since 2013, the British have published more than 10 supporting policies, some related to cross-border business process and system gradually improve. Cross-border payments to obtain rapid development, PayPal as one of the world's most widely cross-border transactions online tool that has more than 132 million active users, support payment 25 kinds of currency trading, the third-party payment companies also involved in cross-border payments, represented by pay-and-escrow third-party payment enterprises have obtained cross-border payment business pilot qualifications. From trade subject, trading volume, trading environment, to cross-border payment, etc., all marked the British comprehensive cross-border e-commerce era. 1.2 Cross-border logistics development situation 1.2.1 Cross-border logistics concept

Cross-border logistics refers to between two or more than two countries for logistics services, is the development of the logistics service to the advanced stage of a form. Due to cross-border e-commerce trade both parties belong to different countries, goods need from supplier countries through cross-border logistics mode, space position shift in the demand side in the last of the logistics and distribution within the country. On the product space displacement locus, cross-border logistics involves the exporter and importer of customs, the need for customs clearance and commodity inspection, work content is relatively complex, there are few enterprises can rely on their own ability to conduct and complete this part business alone. 1.2.2 Cross-border logistics enterprise type

Cross-border development of electronic commerce promotes the development of cross-border logistics, cross-border logistics enterprises include the following: (1) cross-border logistics enterprises developed transportation, postal service, such as UPS (UPS), federal express (FedEx),

etc.;(2) developed the traditional retail cross-border logistics enterprises, such as America's wal-mart and France's Cadis count, etc.;(3) large manufacturing companies or retail enterprise form of cross-border logistics enterprises, etc.;(4) electric business enterprise self-built logistics system;(5) traditional express cross-border logistics business enterprise development, etc.;6 new cross-border logistics enterprises, etc.

1.2.3 The cross-border logistics development present situation

Cross-border logistics has its generality, but also with international characteristics, range larger, more far-reaching, cross-border logistics is not only closely connected with social and economic activities in a number of countries, more influenced by multiple countries in many aspects, the influence of many factors. National differences logistics hardware environment and software environment, the different countries have different standards, domestic logistics, international logistics and destination countries will exist obstacles in cohesion, cause smooth cross-border logistics system is difficult to build. Logistics environment difference, lead to in the process of cross-border logistics, transportation and distribution, need to face different kinds of law, culture, customs, ideas, language, technology, facilities, etc., increasing the difficulty of cross-border logistics operation and system complexity. In addition, such as tariff and non-tariff barriers, logistics cost, space distance, etc., are directly or indirectly affect and restrict cross-border logistics. Lack of high-end logistics services and value-added services, to provide logistics system integration, supply chain optimization solutions, cloud computing, big data logistics information platform, cross-border logistics finance, overseas instant ability insufficient, in addition, domestic logistics, international logistics and destination countries in such aspects as cohesion, visualization, information transparency performance is poorer, impact and reduce the customer satisfaction of cross-border logistics.

2. Coordination with cross-border logistics lack of cross-border e-commerce

Synergy is a word has a long history, the main emphasis on coordination between the various elements in the system, synchronous, cooperation and complementary. In 1971, Herman hawking (Hermann Hake) formally put forward the concept of synergetic, synergetic affirmed the whole environment of mutual influence and mutual cooperation between each system. Collaborative logistics network refers to all the elements of logistics network system, each link in such aspects as resources, objectives, operational coordination, synchronization, cooperation and

complementary to each other, logistics network system, coordination and cooperation between the service object and the external environment, in order to realize the overall process of value increment and capability of logistics network. Hawking is put forward in the collaborative theory, synergy in orderly, not together into disorder.

2.1 Coordination with cross-border logistics lack of cross-border e-commerce

Cross-border e-commerce to stimulate and promote the cross-border logistics, and mature, with the development of cross-border e-commerce will be more and more high to the requirement of cross-border logistics, from basic commodities space displacement function implementation, to the time shorter, cheaper more and better services, a variety of value-added services, etc. Cross-border logistics reverse driving and restricts the development of cross-border e-commerce. Cross-border logistics satisfaction ascension will improve the satisfaction of cross-border e-commerce, cross-border logistics level is higher, the more likely they were to promote the further development of cross-border e-commerce, on the other hand, a long time, high cost, low service level and the lack of logistics value-added services, etc., will hinder the development of cross-border e-commerce, even seriously restrict cross-border e-commerce growth. Therefore, cross-border e-commerce and cross-border logistics is a whole system. Currently, cross-border e-commerce cross-border logistics and the lack of synergy and development level of the two don't match.

2.2 Cross-border logistics in warehousing, transportation, customs, commodity inspection, distribution and logistics functions on the lack of coordination

On cross-border logistics function, including warehousing, transportation, customs, commodity inspection, delivery, and testcross-border logistics increased international transportation, customs and commodity inspection. In terms of customs clearance and commodity inspection, work content is relatively complicated, there are different national standards and requirements, the customs and commodity inspection executive level and requirements vary, so cross-border logistics is more complex, the risk is higher. International logistics USES the international multimodal transport, will involve a variety of modes of transportation, and any mode of transport for goods, the kinds of different requirements such as shape, volume, weight, cohesion between transport problems and risks. Logistics facilities and level differences among different countries is bigger also, warehousing and the last mile distribution professional demand

is higher, the countries have different customs and commodity inspection operation of familiarity, certainly will cause the elements in the cross-border logistics network system link and the lack of effective coordination and cooperation and is difficult to realize the overall value appreciation of the cross-border logistics network.

2.3 International logistics and destination countries lack of coordination

In accordance with the commodity flow, cross-border logistics can be divided into three big modules, respectively for the domestic logistics, international logistics and the logistics. Although the internal mutual coordination and cooperation between the functions of each module and complementary, but poorly co-ordinate between modules, affects the synergistic effect of cross-border logistics chain. Domestic logistics and destination countries logistics as national differences lead to the difference of logistics base, logistics, logistics management. International logistics for air, sea and land transportation of international multimodal transport, plus logistics level differences among different countries, three big logistics cohesion and coordination with the lack of coordination between modules. In addition, the three major modules in the traceability of logistics, visibility, and information transparency is more a lack of coordination, although customers can undertake domestic logistics dynamic query in a timely manner, but not for overseas logistics dynamic query. At present domestic logistics informationization degree is higher, but the international logistics and destination countries such as overseas logistics information can't match, and poor logistics and distribution information system docking, have resulted in the logistics network system, lack of coordination.

2.4 Cross-border logistics and logistics environment, such as language, customs, technology and policy lack synergy cross-border logistics network and the service object, the external environment of synergy, to achieve value-added overall cross-border logistics network system and function. Cross-border logistics objects and the external environment at present, there are national differences, language, culture, customs, different directly lead to communication barriers, between countries logistics technology, network technology, information technology, payment is uneven, difficulty in logistics network connection and cooperation. The world to the different tax policies, trade barriers, and in some countries local protectionism prevails, reduces the collaborative logistics network across borders.

3 Cross-border e-commerce logistics mode

Cross-border logistics mode also gradually to standardization and legalization, diversification direction, no longer constrained to international postal parcel, international express or specialist girdle, etc. Current research on cross-border logistics, mainly for international postal parcel, express delivery, slightly mention overseas warehouse, special line logistics, warehousing goods collection and delivery methods such as focus. Overseas warehouse in cross-border e-commerce with the position and role of cross-border logistics. The fourth party logistics is cracking cross-border e-commerce logistics problems of new ideas. Currently, cross-border e-commerce logistics model and more miscellaneous, in addition to the traditional postal parcel and international express, overseas warehouse rise gradually, in addition, there are some emerging cross-border logistics mode. 3.1 International postal parcel

International postal parcel refers to realize the import and export of goods, through the universal postal system use personal parcel form for shipment. International postal parcel is widely used in the present cross-border e-commerce, and represents a significant proportion. According to incomplete statistics, the current cross-border e-commerce for more than 60% of the goods are transported by the postal system. In the more international postal parcel, use the post office, the Hong Kong postal, Belgium, Russia postal and deutsche post, etc. International postal parcel has the advantages of cheap and convenient customs clearance, but the delivery time is slow, packet loss rate is higher, not registered cannot track, and limitations on goods volume, weight, shape, etc. Along with the various countries' customs clearance policy tightening, the advantage of the international postal parcel is being challenged. 3.2 International express

Cross-border e-commerce used another kind of logistics mode for international express. Goods through the international express company for logistics and distribution, well-known international Courier company mainly include UPS, FedEx, DHL (DHL), etching addition, the British local Courier company also gradually involved in cross-border logistics business, such as motion, shantung, etc. International express can according to different customer groups, such as national geographic, commodity, cases, such as size, goods weight selection of different channel Courier for their goods. International express has advantages of high timeliness, low packet loss rate, but the price is high, especially in the remote areas surcharge is higher, and the electricity,

special goods cannot express. 3.3 Overseas warehouses

Overseas is also called the overseas warehousing, refers to the construction of cross-border e-commerce destination rent in advance or warehouse, warehouse the goods in advance through the international logistics service, and then selling goods via the Internet, when from overseas warehouse after receiving orders from customers for the delivery and distribution. Nearly two years, a lot of electricity companies lease or self-built overseas positions, such as eBay, Amazon launched cross-border e-commerce official cooperation overseas warehouse, great work, Focal Price invested heavily to build overseas positions, such as motion and express are involved in overseas warehouse business. Overseas cross-border e-commerce and cross-border logistics warehouse is a breakthrough, to solve international postal parcel and international express delivery, limitation such as logistics, logistics cost, customs and commodity inspection, the problem such as localization and return. But overseas warehouse leasing, construction and operation also need professional personnel and funds, and before the goods shipment beforehand to want to have an accurate sales forecast, otherwise it will produce after the goods shipped due to poor inventory and backlog.

3.4 Free trade zone, free trade zone logistics

Bonded area or free trade area (hereinafter referred to as the \the goods to the warehouse or free trade zone, bonded area after gaining customer orders via the Internet, through the free trade zone or free trade zone warehouse sorting, packing, etc., focus on transportation, and logistics distribution. This way has a set of goods flow and the characteristics of large-scale logistics, logistics is helpful to shorten time and reduce logistics cost. Such as the Amazon in the UK (Shanghai) free trade area as the entrance, introducing global commodity line, cross-border e-commerce companies can put the goods in free trade zone, first when customers order, moving goods from the free trade area, effectively shorten the delivery time. Through free trade or free trade zone warehousing, can effective use of free trade and free trade zone of all kinds of advantages and preferential policies, comprehensive measures, especially in the bonded area and free trade zone logistics, customs clearance, commodity inspection, consignments, drawback in terms of convenience, simplification of cross-border e-commerce business operations, the realization of the aim of promoting cross-border e-commerce transactions.

4 conclusions

Found in the perspective of coordination, cross-border e-commerce cross-border logistics and the lack of coordination, lack of co-ordination, cross-border logistics network system embodied in warehousing, transportation, customs, shipping logistics functions such as the lack of co-ordination, domestic logistics, international logistics and lack of coordination on destination country logistics cohesion, cross-border logistics and logistics environment, such as language, customs, technology and policy lack of coordination. Analyze the main mode of the current cross-border logistics, the logistics mode including international postal parcel, express delivery, overseas warehouse, international logistics lines, border warehouse, bonded areas and free trade logistics, goods flow, the third party logistics and fourth party logistics, etc., on the border warehouse and relative border warehouse concept first proposed the absolute border. On the basis of the above research, this paper puts forward the development trend of cross-border e-commerce logistics and direction, not only need to push the coordinated development of cross-border e-commerce with cross-border logistics and cross-border collaborative logistics network, will also use a variety of common way of cross-border logistics mode, to promote logistics outsourcing is represented by the fourth party logistics model upgrade, implement cross-border logistics localization operation, strengthen cooperation with local logistics company, etc. 译文

跨境电子商务与物流模式创新

Gesner G H.

摘要

跨境电子商务发展迅速，但跨境物流尚未适应其发展，二者无法实现协同发展。跨境物流网络系统缺乏协同，具体表现在仓储、运输、海关、配送等物流功能缺乏协同，国内物流、国际物流与目的国物流衔接缺乏协同，跨境物流与语言、习俗、技术、政策等物流环境缺乏协同。目前跨境物流的主要模式包括国际邮政小包、国际快递、海外仓、国际物流专线、边境仓、保税区与自贸区物流、集货物流、第三方物流与第四方物流等。未来跨境电子商务物流发展，需要推动跨境电子商务与跨境物流的协同发展和跨境物流网络协同；采用多种跨境物流模式共用的方式，推动以第四方物流为代表的物流外包模式升级，实现跨境物流本地化运作，加强与本土物流公司合作等。 关键词：跨境电子商务；跨境物流；海外仓

1跨境电子商务与跨境物流现状 1.1 跨境电子商务 1.1.1跨境电子商务的概念

跨境电子商务源于电子商务、经济全球化、国际贸易的发展与融合。在经济全球化、互联网普及、电子商务迅猛发展与普遍应用的背景下，国际贸易不再拘泥于传统交易模式。伴随不同国家对商品的需求与供应，借助互联网及其他电子商务交易平台，分属不同国家的交易双方，可以实现在线商品交易、支付结算、金融服务等，以及线下跨境物流配送实现商品空间位移的电子商务应用模式，即跨境电子商务。跨境电子商务具有鲜明的特点：电子商务突破国家的界限，由同国扩散到不同国家；传统贸易注入现代电子商务元素，由传统线下的接触、交易、支付等方式，转向互联网络线上通道；物流突破了国界，除了国内物流外，还涉及国际物流和目的国物流，以及海关与商检。 1.1.2跨境电子商务企业类型

跨境电子商务在全球范围持续火热，涉足跨境业务的电商企业如雨后春笋，纷纷涌现。跨境电商企业主要有以下几种类型：①传统电商企业扩展到国外市场。传统电商企业成立之初，主要专做或辐射本国市场。为了持续增长或者顺应跨境电子商务发展趋势，其经营范围由本国市场扩展到国外市场，从而发展为跨境电子商务企业。主要代表有易贝（eBay）、亚马逊等；②传统企业开发跨境电子商务业务。传统企业伴随电商的兴起与发展，涉入电商业务，并逐步涉入跨境电子商务市场。该类企业主要以传统零售企业为主，如沃尔玛、家乐福等；③专营跨境电子商务业务。该类企业为经营跨境电子商务业务而成立，成为专注于跨境电子商务业务的企业。；④物流企业涉足跨境电子商务业务。一些物流企业借助其自身物流资源与优势，开始涉足跨境电子商务业务。主要有海淘、Canova Brazil等。 1.1.3英国跨境电子商务发展现状

日本经济产业省在2013年对英、美、日三国网民的跨境电子商务使用情况进行了调查，其结果显示，英国的跨境电子商务使用率高达57.3%，远超美国的44.7%和日本的17.6%。这显示英国网民对通过跨境电子商务进行交易的热情极高。商务部相关数据显示，2013年英国对外贸易总值首次突破4万亿美元，其中跨境电子商务交易额达3.1万亿元，同比增长达31.3%，在出口方面累计验放清单3823.5万份，涉及181个国家与地区，金额约20.4亿元；在进口方面验收包裹411万余件，金额约10.1亿元。在海关总署进行备案的英国跨境电子商务服务试点企业已超过2000家。从2013年起，英国陆续发布十余项扶持政策，与跨境业务相关的一些流程与制度逐步完善。跨境支付获得快速发展，PayPal作为全球最广泛的

跨境交易在线工具，已拥有超过1.32亿活跃用户，支持25种货币付款交易，英国第三方支付企业也陆续涉足跨境支付业务，以支付宝、财付通为代表的第三方支付企业已获得跨境支付业务试点资格。从交易主体、交易量、交易环境，到跨境支付方式等，都标志着英国跨境电子商务时代的全面到来。 1.2 跨境物流发展概况 1.2.1跨境物流的概念

跨境物流指在两个或两个以上国家之间进行的物流服务，是物流服务发展到高级阶段的一种表现形式。由于跨境电子商务的交易双方分属不同国家，商品需要从供应方国家通过跨境物流方式实现空间位置转移，在需求方所在国家内实现最后的物流与配送。根据商品的空间位移轨迹，跨境物流涉及输出国海关和输入国海关，需要进行清关与商检，工作内容较为复杂，很少有企业可以依靠自身能力单独办理并完成这部分业务。 1.2.2跨境物流企业类型

跨境电子商务的发展推动着跨境物流的发展，跨境物流企业包括以下几种：①交通运输业、邮政业发展起来的跨境物流企业，如联合包裹（UPS）、联邦快递（FedEx）等；②传统零售业发展起来的跨境物流企业，如美国的沃尔玛、法国的Cadis count等；③大型制造企业或零售企业组建的跨境物流企业等；④电商企业自建物流体系；⑤传统快递企业发展跨境物流业务等；⑥新兴的跨境物流企业等。 1.2.3英国跨境物流发展现状

跨境物流除具备其共性外，还伴随国际性等特点，涉及范围更大、影响更深远，跨境物流不仅与多个国家的社会经济活动紧密相连，更受多个国家间多方面、多因素的影响。物流硬件环境与软件环境存在国家差异，不同国家其标准也不同，国内物流、国际物流与目的国物流在衔接上会存在障碍，导致顺畅的跨境物流系统难以构建。物流环境的差异，导致在跨境物流、运输与配送过程中，需要面对不同的法律、文化、习俗、观念、语言、技术、设施等，增加了跨境物流的运作难度和系统复杂性。此外，如关税、非关税壁垒、物流成本、空间距离等，都直接或间接影响、制约跨境物流。物流高端服务与增值服务缺失，无法提供物流系统集成、供应链优化解决方案、大数据物流、云计算信息平台、跨境物流金融，海外即时送能力不足等，此外，国内物流、国际物流与目的国物流在衔接、可视化、信息透明度等方面表现较差，影响并降低了顾客对跨境物流的满意度。 2. 跨境电子商务与跨境物流缺乏协同

协同一词由来已久，（完整译文请到百度文库）主要强调系统中各个要素之间的协调、

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