动词ing形式的用法

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外教一对一 http://www.yangjiajiao.com 动词ing形式的用法

一.动词ing形式的用法

1.正在进行时中,谓语动词后加ing.

如:I'mplaying football.

2.一些特殊表达.如:

be good at doing sth

enjoy doing sth.

be busy doing

feel like doing

thank you for doing

do some cooking/cleaning/reading/shopping/washing

go swimming/fishing/shopping/skating/boating

二.动词现在分词由动词原形在词尾加ing构成,其规则如下:

1)一般情况下直接加ing

think---thinking sleep---sleeping study---studying speak---speaking carry---carrying say---saying

2)以不发音的字母e结尾的单词,去掉字母e,再加ing

wake---waking make---making come---comingtake---taking leave---leaving have---having

3)以重读闭音节结尾,呈现“辅,元,辅”结构的动词,先双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing 。

初中学过的这类词有:begin,cut, get, hit, run,set, sit, spit, stop, swim, beg, drop, fit, nod, dig, forget, regret, rid, 等。 (visit 不是以重读闭音节结尾,不用双写)travel虽然重读第一音节,词尾音节不重读,但是现在分词仍要双写末尾辅音字母,然后再加ing ,如:travel---travelling.初中阶段此类词只有这一个。

4)以 y 结尾的动词直接加 ing

carry—— carrying enjoy—— enjoying

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5)以ie结尾的动词,把ie改为y ,再加ing

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die---dying lie---lying

要特别注意有些动词没有进行时态.

1、表示状态、思想、感情和感觉的动词,如:see, hear, love, know, want, hope, think等,没有进行时态。

2、当have/has作为“拥有”时,没有进行时态,但表示“开会,吃饭,玩得高兴”等意思时,可以用进行时表达。 I am having many books. (这是错误的句子)

I am having a good time. (这才是正确的句子)

写出下列动词的现在分词形式

work_______ visit_______ play_______

study________ dance______ have________ travel__________ take________ drop________ sing________ shop_____ swim__________lie__________

三、动词v-ing所作的成分

动词的 -ing形式是动词的一种非谓语形式,由动词原形加 -ing构成,包括 -ing分词和 -ing动名词。可以在句子中用作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补语、状语和定语。

主语

1.一般形式

Seeing is believing.

眼见为信。

Coming to Hangzhou by train takes about 16 hours.

乘火车到杭州要16个小时。

2.通常为了避免句子主语过于冗长,用it作形式主语。如:

It’s nice talking with you.

和你谈话很高兴。

It’s no use arguing with him.

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跟他争论没用。

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3.“There + be + no + -ing”结构,此结构的意义相当于“It‘s impossible + 不定式”。如:

There is no harm in doing so.

这样做没有害处。

作表语

动词 -ing可用来作表语。如:

This food smells inviting.

这种食物香味怡人。

My favorite sport is swimming.

我最喜欢的运动是游泳。

Their job is cleaning the window.

他们的工作是打扫窗子。

作宾语

1.动词-ing形式可以用作动词、短语动词和介词的宾语。

I warned her against driving fast.

Jim dislikes eating chocolate.

2.有些动词和动词短语后接作宾语的非限定性动词时只能是-ing分词,常见的这类动词有:admit, acknowledge, advise, appreciate, avoid, delay, deny, dislike, enjoy, excuse, escape,fancy, finish, forgive, face, endure, involve, give up, imagine,mention, mind, miss, pardon,practise, require, resent, resist, suggest, recall, resist, understand等。

The doctor advised taking more exercise.

医生建议多锻炼。

I suggest doing it in a different way.

我建议用不同的方法做。

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3.大部分“动词+介词”短语动词,只能后接动词-ing作宾语。这些动词短语有:think of, give up, aim at, put off, insist on, persist in, be good at, do well in, can‘t help, keep on, leave off, feel like, be tired (afraid, capable, fond) of, set about等。

以下为to作介词的短语有:be used to, object to, devote oneself to, stick to, respond to, look forward to, see to, submit to, adapt to, apply to, accede to, get to, prefer to, adjust to, owe to,react to等。

Do you feel like having a drink?

你想喝点饮料吗?

I prefer swimming to playing basketball.

我喜欢游泳胜于打篮球。

4.有些动词既可能带-ing分词作宾语,也可以带to不定式作宾语,但在语义上却有很大的差别。如:

⑴chance to do 碰巧去做某事

chance doing 冒险试一试做某事

⑵forget to do 忘记要去做某事

forget doing 忘记曾做过某事

⑶go on to do 接着又做另一件事

go on doing 继续做同一件事

⑷remember to do 记得要去做某事

remember doing 记得曾做过某事

⑸stop to do 停下来去做某事

stop doing 停止做某事

⑹try to do 努力做某事

try doing 试一试做某事

⑺regret to do 对将要做的事表示遗憾

regret doing 对做过的事表示遗憾

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⑻mean to do 打算/想做某事

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mean doing 意味着/意思是做某事

作宾语补语

I found the parade quite interesting to watch.

这种用法通常用在下列几类动词中,后接宾语然后加上-ing分词,构成复合宾语结构,-ing分词充当宾补成分。

1.表示感觉和心理状态的动词,如:see, hear, feel, find, smell, watch, find, listen to, look at, notice, observe等。如:

There we found him watching TV.

我们发现他在那儿看电视。

I heard someone knocking at the door.

我听见有人在敲门。

2.在有些动词(如:regard, describe, accept, think of, quote等)之后,可由as引出-ing分词词组作宾补。如:

They regarded the contract as being invalid.

他们认为合同无效。

They described the child as being very clever.

他们描述这孩子非常聪明。

3.使役动词,如:set, keep, have, get, leave, catch等。如:

Can you get my watch going again?

你能使我的表再走起来吗?

This sets me thinking.

这使我思考。

作状语

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