GMAT官方指南12版本 语法SC部分详细解析（中文） - 图文

GMAT 官方指南 语法解析1 OG12-SC总结 句子 具体考点 1.主动语态和被动语态 本题体现 A/B使用被动结构,而且跟在另一被动结构后,啰嗦 The Glass House Mountains in Quensland,Australia,were sighted in 1770 by the English navigator Captain James Cook, who so named them supportly because their sheer wet rocks glistened like glass. 定语从句修饰JC，because表因果 sheer adj.陡峭的，垂修辞结构 直的 前后一致 glisten v.湿物闪耀，闪亮 正确句子 OG所列考点 词汇 A当中的its和E当中的it无法指代1. The Glass House Mountains 复数主语名词the glass house in Queensland, Australia, 2.代词指代 mountains were sighted in 1770 by the English navigator Captain B当中缺少表示因果关系的连接词，无James Cook, by whom they 3.缺少连接词 法解释Why JC gave the mountains' were named supposedly name because its sheer wet rocks C当中JC无法作介词since的宾语，4.修饰对象的glistened like glass. 同时无法做从句的主语，naming无法合理性 修饰JC。since是连词，但是无法取代since/because because表示强烈的因果关系 1.单复数一致 2. Although a surge in retail sales have raised 2.动词时态 hopes that there is a recovery finally under way, many economists say that 3.简明扼要 without a large amount of spending the recovery might not last. 4.无意义 3. Although various eighteenth- and nighteenth-century A当中的have和单数主语a surge前后不一致 C当中的had没有明显的时间标志用过去完成时 A当中there is?finally underway × B当中for there being × C当中for?being × E当中的for a recovery finally × 而且无意义 A当中的until almost 1900，前后都用逗号隔开，修饰的对象模糊，可能是前半句，也有可能是后半句。 Although a surge in retail sales has raised hopes that a recovery is finally under way, many economists say that without a large amount of spending the recovery might not last. 修辞结构 前后一致 Although various eighteenth- and nighteenth-century American poets had professed an interest in Native 动词形式 修辞结构 1.修饰歧义 1

GMAT 官方指南 语法解析1 American poets had professed an interest in 2.动词时态 Native American poetry and had pretended to imitate Native American forms in 3.简明扼要 their own works, until almost 1900,scholars and critics did not begin seriously to study 4.无意义 traditional Native American poetry in native languages. 1.比较的表达方法 4.Of all the vast tides of migration that have swept through history, maybe none is more concentrated as the wave that brought 12 million immigrants onto American shores in little more than three decades. 2.动词时态 3.标准书面语原则 4.代词指代不清 前半句（粗体）可判断动词时态为过去完成时，而时间标志until almost 1900表明后半句用一般过去时，B当中使用了过去完成时，错误 American poetry and had pretended to imitate Native American forms in their own works, it was not until almost 1900 that scholars and C当中的to begin seriously to study critics seriously began studying traditional Native American poetry × 不定式重叠 in native languages. it做形式主语 D当中的not almost until是无意义的修饰语 A/B当中more?as错误，应为more?than 由题目中粗体的brought可知句子应该用过去时态。A当中none is错，B当中none is错，C当中it is错 Of all the vast tides of migration that have swept through history, perhaps none was more concentrated 在标准书面语中，perhaps优于maybe than the wave that brought 12 million immigrants onto American C/D当中的it is none that is(was)more?中的it不是形式主语，shores in little more than three decades. 无指代对象 B当中it may be that? × C/D当中it is none that is(was)more? × B当中的rank、D当中的are?causes、E当中的have been ranked?causes(时态错误)都和单数主语diabetes前后不一致， Diabetes,(together with its serious complications,)ranks as the nation's third leading cause of death, surpassed only by the heart 习惯搭配 动词形式 5.简明扼要 5.Diabetes,together with its serious complications, 1.单复数一致 ranks as the nation's third leading cause of death, diabetes n. 前后一致 糖尿病 逻辑表达 surpass v. 超过，凌驾 2

GMAT 官方指南 语法解析1 surpassed only by the heart disease and cancer. 2.副词的位置 B/C/E中，only放在了surpass前面，disease and cancer.分词短语作伴随根据语义，only应该修饰介词短语by 状语 heart disease and cancer,而不是修饰动词surpass C当中的has the rank of不简洁而且不符合常用习惯 A/B当中的due to在修饰游客呼吸和关闭博物馆之间的因果关系上不严密 A/B当中的its和主语the chambers前后不一致 句子当中的salt?was crystallizing和fungus was growing平行，同为humidity影响的结果，B当中crystallize与未划线部分的growing形式不一样，无法平行；C当中的crystallize与未划线部分的growing形式不一样，无法平行；D当中的crystallize与未划线部分的growing形式不一样，无法平行 C/D当中的them在语法上指代tourists,但是无意义 C句子完全啰嗦 As its sales of computer products have surpassed those of measuring instruments, the company has C/D当中的previously在语义上和in become increasely willing to the past重复，不简洁 compete for the mass market sales C当中用被动语态容易引起歧义，主动it would in the past have conceded to rivals. 优先 整句当中的主语为the company，A当中的they，B当中的they\\their和主语前后不一致 In late 1997,the chambers inside the pyramid of the Pharaoh Menkaure at Giza were closed to visitors for cleaning and repair because moisture exhaled by tourists had raised the humidity within them to such levels that salt from the stone was crystallizing and fungus was growing on the walls. chamber n.房间；会所 exhale 前后一致 vt./vi.呼出，平行结构 发散出 fungus n.真菌，霉，霉菌 3.简明扼要 1.修饰歧义 6.In late 1997,the chambers 2.单复数一致 inside the pyramid of the Pharaoh Menkaure at Giza were closed to visitors for cleaning and repair due to moisture exhaled by 3.平行结构 tourists, which raised its humidity to such level so that salt from the stone was crystallizing and fungus was growing on the walls. 4.代词指代 5.简明扼要 7.As its sales of computer 1.单复数一致 products have surpassed those of measuring instruments, the company 2.简明扼要 has become increasely willing to compete for the 3.动词时态 mass market sales they would

前后一致 concede v.承修辞结构 认；出让，允许 3

GMAT 官方指南 语法解析1 in the past have conceded to rivals. 4.指代不清 D当中的介词短语in the past放在结尾，分不清是修饰would have conceded，还是rivals. 由句中的时间标志ten to twenty billion years和ever since可知句子应该用一般过去时和现在完成进行时,B当中时态错误，没有明显的时间标志表明句子可以使用过去完成时和过去完成进行时 在原句中，划线部分的宾语从句表达的意思为the universe began in an explosive?and has been expanding?,C当中的定语从句that has expanded跳过时间名词修饰instant，原句意思改变；D当中的定语从句that is expanding修饰the beginning,原句意思改变。 D当中的the beginning of the universe to have been?不简洁，因为beginning是动作性名词，直接用动词begin表示更为简洁。 E当中的to have begun和has been expanding都修饰universe，但是结构不一致，无法平行 The widely accepted big bang theory holds that the universe began in an explosive instant ten to twenty billion years ago and has been expanding ever since. Holds引导的宾语从句中，the universe是主语，动词began和has been expanding并列解释说明宇宙的形成，两个时间标志表明两个动词用不一样的形式 1.动词时态 8.The widely accepted big bang theory holds that the universe began in an 2.修饰对象 explosive instant ten to twenty billion years ago and has been expanding ever since. ever since 从那时到现在；自逻辑表达 从， 从?起 动词形式 instant n.片刻，顷刻，刹那，瞬间；某一时刻 3.简明扼要 4.平行结构 4

GMAT 官方指南 语法解析1 9.Like the idolization 1.like和as的accorded the Brontes and 用法 Brownings,James Joyce and Virginia Woolf are often subjected to the kind of veneration that blurs the distinction between the artist and the human being. 2.代词使用 like(介词) + 名词\\名词短语，表示比较；as(连词) + 主谓结构，表示比较，强调动作的相似性；as(介词) + 名词，表示作为。A当中的like比较名词idolization和James Joyce and Virginia Woolf，比较对象不一样，无法比较；B当中的as加名词看做是介词，表示作为，原句意思改变。C当中的like比较that和JJ and VF，比较对象不一样，无法比较；D当中as加主谓结构，比较it和JJ and VF,比较对象不一样，无法比较 C当中的that含糊不清，指代对象不明；D当中的it含糊不清，指代对象不明 D当中的as it is of 不作为通常使用，累赘 由于整句话讨论的都是现在发生的事情，表示一种经常存在的状态。A当中的kept错；C当中的has kept现在完成时，强调了时间先后，句中表达的是一种经常存在的状态，has kept的表示会引起这种现象已经不再存在的错误意思。D当中的has been keeping错，E当中的kept错 E当中的having表达不精确，通常不使用 Like the Brontes and Brownings, James Joyce and Virginia Woolf are often subjected to the kind of veneration that blurs the distinction between the artist and the human being. like比较B and B和JJ and VF veneration n.尊敬 idolization n.偶像化，盲目逻辑表达 的崇拜 blur n.模糊，模糊之物；v.变模糊，使难以区分 3.简明扼要 10.Carnivorous mammals can endure what would otherwise 1.动词时态 be lethal level of body heat because they have a heat-exchange network which kept the brain from getting too hot. 2.简明扼要 Carnivorous mammals can endure what would otherwise be lethal level of body heat because they have a heat-exchange network that keeps the brain from getting too hot. Carnivorous adj.(动物)食肉的 mammal n.哺乳动物 动词形式 endure vt.忍修辞结构 受，容忍；vi.持续，持久 lethal adj.致命的，危害性极大的 5

GMAT 官方指南 语法解析1 11.There are several ways to build solid walls using just mud or clay, but the 1.平行结构 most extensively used method has been the forming of bricks out of mud or clay,and,after some preliminary air drying or 2.动词时态 sun drying, they are laid in the wall in mud mortar. 3.句子结构改变 1.单复数一致 12.Rising inventories, when 2.动词时态 unaccompanied correspondingly by increases in sales, can lead 3.措辞 to production cutbacks that would hamper economic growth. 4.简明扼要 在这句话中要注意两个连词，but和and，作为平行结构的连接词，由未划线的部分to build决定，后面的句子中两个动词也应该同时使用to form和to lay表达，构成平行结构。A当中的forming和they are laid不平行；B当中的forming the mud?和to lay them不平行；C当中的having bricks formed和they were laid不平行； C当中的they were laid改变句子时态，错误 E当中的which，修饰非限定性定语从句，先行词为mud or clay，而不是bricks 句子主语为inventories,B/D当中的谓语动词用leads,前后不一致 There are several ways to build solid walls using just mud or clay, but the most extensively used method has been to form the mud or clay into bricks,and,after some preliminary air drying or sun drying, to lay them in the wall in mud mortar. brick n.砖 mortar n.灰浆 平行结构 preliminary 动词形式 adj.初步的，准备的 C当中的were和can lead时态不一致，前后矛盾 Rising inventories, if not A/B/C当中的when时间从句不易理解，accompanied by corresponding increases in sales, can lead to 应当用if从句，表达一种假设；production cutbacks that would unaccompanied没错，但是not hamper economic growth.分词短语作accompanied更能表达否定的意思 主语，if引导条件状语从句 A当中的unaccompanied correspondingly不常用而且容易引发歧义；D当中的correspondingly increased sales不常用而且不简洁 B当中的suggests和主语a sugar?and a drop?，前后不一致 C当中的have been thought，没有复数名词来支持这个被动语态 A surge in new home sales and a drop in weekly unemployment claims suggest that the economy might not be as weak as some analysts accompany by 在??陪同下 correspond vt.相符合，相措辞 一致 前后一致 cutback n.缩减，消减，减少 hamper vt.妨碍，束缚，限制 13.A surge in new home sales 1.单复数一致 and a drop in weekly unemployment claims suggest 2.动词时态 that the economy might not

前后一致 语法结构 6

GMAT 官方指南 语法解析1 be as weak as some analysts previously thought. 3.简明扼要 D的表达方式不常用，容易引发歧义，previously thought. 缺少合适的谓语动词表达句意，无标志说明可以使用被动语态，suggesting about economy that it might?多余，冗长；E当中缺少合适的谓语动词表达句意 so只能用于否定语气，as肯定、否定都可以使用 B当中的that从句取代原句当中的but，把并列结构改成从属结构，而且和未划线部分无法组成合理的语法结构。although通常引导从句，有完整主谓结构，C/D当中although从句没有主语，无法构成完整主谓结构。 Sunpots,vortices of gas associated with strong electromagnetic activity, are visible as dark spots on the surface of the Sun but have never been sighted on the Sun's poles or equator. Sunspots为句子主语+插入语+are visible?but have E当中，which定语从句修饰对象不明，never been sighted并列结构,都表示构成歧义 一种状态 A/B/C当中的creating和to revamp, institute不平行，而且在平行结构最Warning that computers in the 后一个元素前需要加and，不定式并United States are not secure, the 列，除第一个不定式，其他to可以省National Academy of Sciences has 略 urged the nation to revamp computer B当中的organization还未创立，用security procedures, institute new 定语从句that takes修饰无逻辑意义 emergency response teams, and create a special nongovernment to等同于in order to，不定式表示organization to take charge of 目的，for doing一般不表示目的，故computer security planning. C/D不符合常用表达习惯 4.关于not so/as?as 14.Sunpots,vortices of gas 1.句子结构 associated with strong electromagnetic activity, are visible as dark spots on the surface of the Sun but have never been sighted on the Sun's poles or equator. 2.简明扼要 vortices n.漩涡 逻辑表达 pole n.平行结构 极点 equator n.赤道 15.Warning that computers in the United States are not secure, the National 1.平行结构 Academy of Sciences has urged the nation to revamp computer security 2.句子逻辑 procedures, institute new emergency response teams, creating a special nongovernment organization 3.常用搭配 to take charge of computer security planning.

revamp vt.翻新；改变，修平行结构 改 语法结构 institute vt.建立，制定；执行 7

GMAT 官方指南 语法解析1 1.动词时态 16.Retail sales rose 0.8 of 1 percent in August,intendifying 2.简明扼要 expectations that personal spending in the July-September quarter more than doubled that of the 1.4 percent growth rate in personal spending for the previous quarter. 3.选最优项 expectation表示一种预期，并且不确定结果，那么助动词would的添加，表明了一种猜测的不确定的语气，A选项当中的doubled不能表示这对未来猜测的语气 C/E当中，先引出一个名词personal spending，然后再用一个由it做主语指代personal spending的句子对其进行解释说明，表达不简洁 Retail sales rose 0.8 of 1 percent in August,intendifying expectations that personal spending in the July-September D选项：Retail sales rose 0.8 of 1 quarter would more than double the percent in August,intendifying 1.4 percent growth rate in personal expectations of personal spending spending for the previous quarter. in the July-September quarter more than doubling that of the 1.4 percent growth rate in personal spending for the previous quarter.无错，但是不如B选项的表达方式合体，简洁 do not和nothing的同时出现为双重否定，改变了原句的意思，所以A/C错 动词形式 逻辑表达 1.双重否定 17.The commission has directed advertisers to restrict the use of the word\that 2.连词使用 do not contain color of flavor additives, chemical preservatives, or nothing that has been synthesized. 3.句子结构 The commission has directed and表示和，同，一起，or表示或者，advertisers to restrict the use of 根据句意分析，任意一种原料都不可the word\that do 使用，应该使用or,而不是and,所以not contain color of flavor C/E错 additives, chemical B当中的or that has been和that do preservatives, or anything that not平行，修饰foods，逻辑表达出错，has been synthesized. 不应该表达为食物是合成的，而是一些合成的原料加入食物 additive n.添加剂 习惯搭配 preservative 逻辑表达 n.防腐剂 synthesize v.合成 8

GMAT 官方指南 语法解析1 1.语法结构 18.Plants are more efficient at acquiring carbon than are fungi,in the form of carbon dioxide, and 2.句子逻辑 converting it to energy-rich sugars. 3.句子结构 在语法结构上，in the form of carbon dioxide修饰的是carbon，而不是fungi，所以A/B/E选项错 Plants are more efficient than B选项的意思为，plants are more fungi at acquiring carbon, in the efficient at acquiring carbon than form of carbon dioxide, and (they acquiring fungi,逻辑表达错converting it to energy-rich 误 sugars. D当中没有谓语动词修饰plant，句子结构不完整 在本句中，分词短语supplementing在语法上应该修饰第一句话，达到语义延伸，描述第一句话的结果。但是由于but的出现，在逻辑上强调的是一种转折，而非语义的延伸，两个句子如果平行，那么表达的意思和重要性应该是对等的。A/E当中的The Iroquois were primarily supplementing和but矛盾，语义同时planters, although they 延伸和转折，错；B/C当中的and不能supplemented their cultivation of 表示转折。使用连词although，把原maize,squash,and beans with 来的并列结构变成主从结构，出现转折fishing and hunting 从句，逻辑上符合规律 C当中的and even though造成了语义不完整 B当中的had supplemented和未划线部分的were动词时态不符 E当中的but with表达不清而且不符合常用表达习惯 fungi n.fungus的复逻辑表达 数，霉，霉菌 语法结构 dioxide n.二氧化物 19.The Iroquois were 1.句子结构 primarily planters, but supplementing their cultivation of maize,squash,and beans with fishing and hunting supplement vt.增补，补充 语法结构 cultivation 动词形式 n.耕作；养殖；栽培 2.动词时态 3.简明扼要 9

GMAT 官方指南 语法解析1 20.As contrasted with the 1.常用搭配 honeybee, the yellow jacket can sting repeatedly without dying and carries a potent venom that can cause intense pain 2.平行结构 表示转折：in contrast with A,B?; in contrast to A,B?;Unlike A,B?;A,B在语法结构中必须平行。A当中的as contrasted with不符合常Unlike the honeybee, the yellow 用搭配 jacket can sting repeatedly B当中的the honeybee's和the yellow without dying and carries a potent jacket不平行；C当中的the sting of venom that can cause intense pain the honey bee和the yellow jacket不平行；D当中的that of the honeybee和the yellow sting不平行 B/C当中的and are取代are，把句子变成了并列结构，而且在第一句当中没有谓语动词，句子结构不完整 sting vt.叮；蛰；刺伤 potent adj.效力大的；强有力习惯搭配 的 venom 逻辑表达 n.毒液 intense adj.强烈的；热情的；紧张的 21.Neuroscientist,having amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood, are now drawing solid conclusions about how the human brain grows and how babies acquire language. 1.句子结构 2.修饰对象 3.非谓语动词 4.动词时态 Neuroscientist, having amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past B当中的介词短语over the past twenty years about the brain and twenty years就近修饰adulthood，修its development from birth to 饰对象不合理；D当中的未划线部分修adulthood, are now drawing solid 饰adulthood，修饰对象不合理 conclusions about how the human C当中的amassing和having amassedbrain grows and how babies acquire 功能相同，修饰主语Neuroscientist language. D/E当中前半句使用的是现在完成时，后半句使用一般进行时，时态前后不符 句子中是两个群体的比较，由于and和conversely的存在，要使用平行结构，exposed后的动词形式应该和上一个对等，而且commit crimes可以省略。A当中的have、B当中的has、C当中的shall、E当中的could都无法和do not commit crimes对等 neuroscientist n.神经科学语法结构 家 amass 逻辑表达 v.(尤指大量)积累，积聚 22.None of the attempts to specify the cause of crime explains why most of the people exposed to the alleged causes do not 1.平行结构 commit crimes and,conversely,why so many of those not so exposed have.

None of the attempts to specify the cause of crime explains why most of the people exposed to the alleged causes do not commit crimes and,conversely,why so many of those not so exposed do. expose v.暴露，显露；揭穿 语法结构 allege vt.断平行结构 言，宣称，辩解 commit crimes 犯罪 10

GMAT 官方指南 语法解析1 23.In a previous design, 1.动词时态 the weight of the discus used in track competition is concentrated in a metal center, but now it is linked 2.代词指代 with lead around the perimeter, thereby improving stability in flight and resulting in longer throws. 3.句子结构 两个句子并列，做比较。But前一句有明显的时间词previous，故应该用一般过去时，but一句有明显的时间词now，故应该用一般现在时。A当中的is concentrated,时态不符； but后一句当中的it在语法结构上指代the weight，但是the weight is linked with lead逻辑意思错误，A当中的it、B当中的it均指代错误 D选项由于没有逻辑谓语，造成了句子成分缺失，句子结构不完整；E当中的后半句没有主要的动词，was once designed必须和is now lined平行，E当中没有is 动词的-ing形式可以用作名词，但是在书面语中，特别是在所有格形式中不倾向这样使用，A/B当中的trying有名词形式attempt，所以倾向于使用attempt；C/D当中的attempt to try名词重复，结构繁冗；B当中的trying that it metabolize不符合语法习惯 过去分词短语在句首，修饰主语scholars，A当中based on?短语修饰scholars无法表达任何意义，错 B当中的it没有明确的指代对象，代词指代不清 Once designed with its weight concentrated in a metal center, the discus used in track competition is now linked with lead around the perimeter, thereby improving stability in flight and resulting in longer throws. concentrate v.专心于，注动词形式 意，集中 语法结构 discus n.铁逻辑表达 饼 lead v.铅 24.In virtually all types of tissue in every animal species, dioxin induces the production of enzymes that 1.简明扼要 are the organism's trying to metabolize, or render harmless, the chemical that is irritating it. 25.Based on accounts of 1.修饰对象 various ancient writers, scholars have painted a sketchy picture of the 2.代词指代 activities of an all-female In virtually all types of tissue in every animal species, dioxin induces the production of enzymes that are the organism's attempt to metabolize, or render harmless, the chemical irritant. induce vt.导致；引导；催生 enzyme n. 酶 metabolize 措辞 vt.使发生新陈修辞结构 代谢 render v.使，致使 irritant n.刺激物 sketchy adj.概要的，忽略的 逻辑结构 cult n.迷修辞结构 信；崇拜 worship v.崇Using accounts of various ancient writers, scholars have painted a sketchy picture of the activities of an all-female cult that, perhaps as early as the sixth century 11

GMAT 官方指南 语法解析1 cult that, perhaps as early as the sixth century B.C.,worshipped a goddess 3.简明扼要 known in Latin as Bona Dea,\ 26.Emily Dickinson's letters to Susan Huntington 1.简明扼要 Dickinson were written over a period beginning a few 2.平行结构 years before Susan's marriage to Emily's brother and ending shortly before Emily's death in 3.句子结构 1886,outnumbering her letters to anyone else. 27.Paleontologists believe that fragment of a primate 1.常用搭配 jawbone unearthed in Burma and estimated at 40 to 44 2.单复数一致 million years old provide evidence of a crucial step along the evolutionary path 3.句子结构 that led to human beings. 28.Building on 1.常用搭配 civilizations that preceded them in coastal Peru, the 2.句子结构 Mochica developed their own elaborate society, based on cultivating such crops like 3.平行结构 corn and beans, the

C/D两个选项都比较口语化，在语法上不常使用 B.C.,worshipped a goddess known in Latin as Bona Dea,\goddess\ 拜；尊崇 A选项过于冗长，outnumbering修饰对象不清楚 B当中的begins和ended动词时态不一致，无法平行；C当中的beginning和that ends动词时态不一致，无法平行 C/D当中缺少谓语动词修饰letters，句子结构不完整 Emily Dickinson's letters to Susan Huntington Dickinson, which were written over a period beginning a few years before Susan's marriage to Emily's brother and ending shortly before Emily's death in 1886,outnumber her letters to anyone else. outnumber v.平行结构 数量多于，比?语法结构 多 estimate?to be，A当中的estimate Paleontologists believe that at，错，at一般修饰地点；B当中的fragment of a primate jawbone as being错； unearthed in Burma and estimated to B/C/E当中的谓语动词provides无法be 40 to 44 million years old 修饰复数名词fragments provide evidence of a crucial step C当中that it is?从句无语法意义，along the evolutionary path that led to human beings. 结构错误 such?as表示举例，A/E当中的such?like，错 C当中的and basing it on和后面的句子无法构成一个完整的主谓结构 句子当中，cultivating,harvesting,exploiting必须并列，符合原句意思，或动词形式Building on civilizations that preceded them in coastal Peru, the Mochica developed their own elaborate society, based on the cultivation of such crops as corn and beans, the harvesting of fish and seafood, and the exploitation Paleontologis习惯搭配 t n.古生物学前后一致 者 primate n.灵长类动物 exploitation 措辞 n.开发，开采；平行结构 利用 12

GMAT 官方指南 语法解析1 harvesting of fish and shellfish, and exploiting other wild and domestic resources. 4.简明扼要 并列，或名词并列。A当中的exploiting是动词，而其他两项cultivating和harvesting是名词；D当中的三项不平行 E当中的based it on their cultivating such crops?不符合常用表达 A当中的excited,B当中的it excited,D当中的would excite，E当中的it had excited都与并列的receiving和fetching在结构上不平行 D/E当中出现代词it,没有明确的指代对象 D/E当中it引导的新句子在结构上复杂繁冗，引起第一句的错误 A当中的a method to protect，B当中的as a method protecting,D当中的as a protection of都是复杂繁冗的结构，A/B当中的method和D中的protection都不能很好的诠释items这个词,而且单复数不一致 of other wild and domestic resources. 29.The end of the eighteenth century saw the emergence of 1.平行结构 prize-stock breeding, with individual bulls and cows receiving awards, fetching unprecedented prices, and 2.代词指代 excited enormous interest whenever they were put on 3.简明扼要 show. The end of the eighteenth century saw the emergence of prize-stock breeding, with individual bulls and cows receiving awards, fetching unprecedented prices, and exciting enormous interest whenever they were put on show. 平行结构 fetch v.售得 enormous adj.巨大的，极大的 30.For members of the 1.简明扼要 seventeenth-century Ashanti nation in Africa, animal-hide shields with wooden frames were essential items of military equipment, a method to protect warriors against 2.非谓语动词 enemy arrows and spears. For members of the seventeenth-century Ashanti nation in Africa, animal-hide shields with wooden frames were E当中，如果military equipment后essential items of military 面没有逗号，那么直接加上不定式to equipment, protecting warriors protect表示动作的目的完全可以，但against enemy arrows and spears. 是逗号的存在不可以将to protect不定式用作非限定性的形容词短语来修饰名词items。 逻辑结构 spear n.修辞结构 矛，枪 13

GMAT 官方指南 语法解析1 31.Unlike the conviction held by many of her colleagues that genes were 1.比较结构 relatively simple and static,Brabara McClintock adhered to her own more complicated ideas about how genes might operate, and in 1983,at the age of 81,was awarded a Nobel Prize for 2.简明扼要 her discovery that the genes in corn are capable of moving from one chromosomal site to another 32.Galileo was convinced that natural phenomena, as 1.比较结构 manifestations of the laws of physics, would appear the same to someone on the 2.标点符号 deck of a ship moving smoothly and uniformly through the water as a person standing on land. 3.代词指代 33.Because an oversupply of computer chips has sent 1.单复数一致 price plunging, the Even though many of her colleagues A当中用the conviction和Brabara were convinced that genes were convince v.McClintock比较，两事物不是同类，relatively simple and 使相信，使明无法比较； static,Brabara McClintock adhered 白；说服 to her own more complicated ideas static adj.about how genes might operate, and 修辞结构 静止的，不变化in 1983,at the age of 81,was 习惯搭配 的 B当中were of the conviction of awarded a Nobel Prize for her 逻辑结构 adhere genes being繁冗；C当中contrary to discovery that the genes in corn v.坚持；黏附 many of her colleagues being are capable of moving from one chromosomal convinced繁冗；E当中even with many chromosomal site to another. adj.染色体的 of her colleagues?繁冗 even though引导让步状语从句+BM(主语) adhered to...,and... 句子结构为a phenomenon appears the same to X(someone)as to Y(a Galileo was convinced that natural person)。A当中as后缺少to，不平行，phenomena, as manifestations of C当中的惯用搭配错误，不平行 the laws of physics, would appear 分号前后必须使用完整的主谓结构，the same to someone on the deck of 即句子1；句子2。C/E当中的分号出a ship moving smoothly and 现，改变了句子结构，分号后的半句话uniformly through the water as to 不是完整的主谓结构 a person standing on land. D当中的it无法指代复数名词phenomena B当中由which引导的非限定性定语从句修饰prices，which后面的is和修饰对象的数不一致 Because an oversupply① of computer chips has sent price plunging②,the manufacturer has phenomena n.phenomenon习惯搭配 的复数形式，现平行结构 象 manifestation n.显示，表明 前后一致 plunge v.颠修辞结构 簸；暴跌，骤降 14

GMAT 官方指南 语法解析1 manufacturer has announced that it will cut production by closing its factories for two days a month. 2.句子歧义 题目当中表述的是，由于电脑芯片的过量供应，使得芯片的价钱骤降，所以才导致制造商做出某种决定。最清晰，最有效的表达因果关系的方式就是按着它们发生的时间顺序来表达，才不会引起歧义；C当中的事情顺序改变，造成意思不清楚；D当中的倒叙不符合常用表达习惯，而且意思不清楚 E选项当中的due to和with the result表达繁冗，意思重叠 depend on后面应该跟whether，而不是if. whether是一个疑问从句跟在介词on的后面，if只能表示“如果”，不能表示“是否”，whether表示“是否”,whether or not一般不在书面语中使用。A当中使用if，错；ability to do sth.,D当中its ability for,错 C当中的it has the capability是一个不需要存在的语法结构，繁冗；E当中的the ability for it to broaden繁冗，无语法意义。 seem to do? A当中seem like?不符合常用搭配 A当中的it无法指代复数主语sales figures D当中的indicative of无法引导从句；E当中的an indication of无法引导从句 announced ③that it will cut production by closing its factories for two days a month. 因果关系看①②③，表达明确 3.简明扼要 34.Beyond the immediate cash flaw crisis that the museum faces, its survival 1.常用搭配 depends on if it can broaden its membership and leave its cramped quarters for a site where it can store and exhibit its more than 12,000 artifacts 3.简明扼要 Beyond the immediate cash flaw crisis that the museum faces, its survival depends on whether it can broaden its membership and can leave its cramped quarters for a site where it can store and exhibit its more than 12,000 artifacts. crisis n.危机；关键阶段 survival n.幸存，生存 习惯搭配 broaden v.动词形式 使?变宽；拓展；增长 cramped adj.狭窄的；麻痹的 35.Along with the drop in 1.常用搭配 producer prices announced yesterday,the strong retail 2.代词指代 sales figures released today seem like it is indicative that the 3.句子结构 economy,although growing

Along with the drop in producer prices announced yesterday,the strong retail sales figures released today seem to indicate that the economy,although growing slowly,is not nearing a recession. 语法结构 recession n.前后一致 经济萎缩；后退 15

GMAT 官方指南 语法解析1 slowly,is not nearing a recession 4.简明扼要 B当中的seem as if在某些文章中可以使用，但是在本句当中不符合逻辑意义；E当中的an indication of用名词取代动词，繁冗 while引导的时间状语从句一般倾向与表达主从句动作同时发生，B当中的while being说明injured和discharged是同时发生的，不符合句意； C当中的discharged应该使用被动语态，因为discharge这个动作不是Sampson自己发出的；D当中的injured同样也应该使用被动语态；E当中的having been injured时态不正确 so X that Y,B/D当中的从句缺少that连接，C当中的so X as to Y,是错误搭配 B/D/E中的economic被economical替换，词语意思不一样，无法替换。Economic 经济上的；有利可图的 economical 节俭的，节省的 B/D/E中的debilitation是名词，改变了原句的意思，而且在句子结构上繁冗。D当中such引导页造成了繁冗 36.Dressed as a man and using the name Robert Shurtleff,Deborah 1.常用搭配 Sampson,the first woman to draw a soldier's pension,joined the Continental Army in 1782 at the age of 22,was injured three times,and was 2.动词时态 discharged in 1783 because she had become too ill to serve. 1.常用搭配 37.Although schistosomiasis is not often fatal,it is so 2.词义改变 debilitating that it has become an economic drain on many developing countries. 3.简明扼要 Dressed as a man and using the name Robert Shurtleff,Deborah Sampson,the first woman to draw a soldier's pension,joined the Continental Army in 1782 at the age of 22,was injured three times,and was discharged in 1783 because she had become too ill to serve. 平行结构 逻辑结构 Although schistosomiasis is not often fatal,it is so debilitating that it has become an economic drain on many developing countries. It指代schistosomiasis 习惯搭配 schistosomiasis n.血吸虫病 fatal adj.致命的；重大的 debilitate vt.使(人或身体)非常衰弱 drain n./v. 消耗，耗费 16

GMAT 官方指南 语法解析1 38.In 1850,Lucretia Mott published her Discourse on 1.简明扼要 Women,arguing in a treatise for women to have equal political and legal rights and for changes in the married women's property laws. 2.平行结构 A当中的published her Discourse?arguing in a treatise，表达繁冗不严密，B当中的arguing in a treatise表达繁冗,是因为之前一句话已经说明LM出版了一本专著D，后面就没有必要再说arguing in a treatise了，明显繁冗，把D和a treatise表达成两个好像没有关系的事物 C当中的advocates和D当中的advocating不能和下文的for changes平行，而且advocate是及物动词，前半句没错，但是and 后的for无法和前半句平行。 X happened so that Y could happen，So that状语从句，句子中如果出现情态动词，so that表示目的；无情态动词，so that表示结果,A当中的so as to marry不符合常用习惯；E当中的would marry表达的是虚拟语气，但是前面没有if条件从句 B当中的and so could be married to表达了一种错误的逻辑意义，Henry废除婚约是为了?而不是说henry寻找废令，所以不结婚 A中的so as to marry没有代词出现，不知道谁要结婚 adj修饰n./pron. Adv.修饰adj./v./另一个adv.,unlimited是形容词，所以需要seemingly这个副词来修饰，A/B/C当中的seeming都应该改为In 1850,Lucretia Mott published her Discourse on Women,a treatise that argued for equal political and legal rights for women and for 平行结构 treatise n.修辞结构 专题，专著 changes in the married women's property laws. 1.常用搭配 39.In 1527 King Henry VIII sought to have his marriage to Queen Catherine annulled so as to marry Anne Boleyn. 2.句子逻辑 In 1527 King Henry VIII sought to have his marriage to Queen Catherine annulled so that he could marry Anne Boleyn.So that状语从句，句子中如果出现情态动词，so that表示目的；无情态动词，so that表示结果 语法结构 annul vt.取习惯搭配 消，废除 3.句子结构 40.Dr.Tonegawa won the Nobel Prize for discovering 1.常用搭配 how the body can constantly change its genes to fashion

Dr.Tonegawa won the Nobel Prize for discovering how the body can constantly change its genes to fashion a seemingly unlimited constantly 措辞 adv. 不断地，习惯搭配 时常地 antibody 17

GMAT 官方指南 语法解析1 a seeming unlimited number of antibodies,each specifically targeted at an invading microbe or foreign substance. 2.单复数一致 seemingly；target?at为常用搭配,B/D当中的target?to不是最优搭配 each和未划线部分的an invading microbe or foreign substance单复数一致，C/E当中的all of them不能和未划线部分单复数一致 more than比较的是现有的知识和条件当中的知识，知识和知识做比较。A/E当中把knowledge和time(now)作比较，比较对象不一致； B/C当中的economical错误取代economic，意思错误 extending现在分词和spawned过去分词并列，因为句中有明显的时间状语.B当中的extends和spawned不平行，而且是除了is以外的又一个谓语动词，造成句意改变，表达不清；C当中的extended虽然和spawned平行，但是spawned表达的是过去已经发生过的事情，而extended只能表明发生在过去，而fungus到现在为止还生存在世界上，所以extended不合适；D当中的it extended和spawned不平行；E当中的is extending和spawned不平行 number of antibodies,each targeted specifically at an invading microbe or foreign substance. n.抗体 substance n.物质；实质 41.To develop more accurate population 1.比较对象 forecasts,demographers have to know a great deal more than now about the social and economic 2.词义改变 determinants of fertility. 42.Scientists have recently discovered what could be the largest and oldest living organism on Earth,a giant fungus that is an To develop more accurate population forecasts,demographers would have to know a great deal more than they do now about the social and economic determinants of fertility. 动词形式 fertility 逻辑表达 n.肥沃；繁殖力 interwoven filigree of mushrooms and rootlike tentacles spawned by a single fertilized spore some 10,000 years ago and extending for more than 30 acres in the soil of a Michigan forest. 1.句子结构 Scientists have recently discovered what could be the largest and oldest living organism on Earth,a giant fungus that is an interwoven filigree of mushrooms and rootlike tentacles spawned by a single fertilized spore some 10,000 years ago and extending for more than 30 acres in the soil of a Michigan forest. a giant dungus...做同位语 interweave v.与??交织 filigree n.精致物品 平行结构 spawn 动词形式 v.大量生产 fertilize v.施肥；受精 spore n.孢子 18

GMAT 官方指南 语法解析1 43.Laos has a land area 1.比较结构 about the same as Great Britain but only four million in population,where many are members of hill 2.指代对象 tribes ensconced in the virtually inaccessible 3.简明扼要 mountain valleys of the north. 4.句子结构 44.The plot of the Bostonians centers on the 1.常用搭配 rivalry between Olive Chancellor,an active feminist,with her charming and cynical cousin,Basil Ransom,when they find themselves drawn to the same radiant young woman whose 2.句子结构 talent for public speaking has won her an ardent following. 45.Quasars,at billions of light-years from Earth the most distant observable 1.句子结构 objects in the universe,believed to be the cores of galaxies in an

句子当中比较的是the land area of Laos和the land area of Great Laos has a land area comparable to Britain,A/B当中的the land area of that of Great Britain but a Laos和Great Britain比较，比较对population of only four million 象不对等，错 people,many of whom are members of A当中的where不能指代上文的hill tribes ensconced in the population； virtually inaccessible mountain B当中的there is结构繁冗；C当中的valleys of the north. The land many of them,them指代不清，而且句area of Laos和that of Great 子结构繁冗 Britain比较，whom指代上文的people D当中的and改变了原句的合理重心 between X and Y或X and Y；A/D当The plot of the Bostonians centers 中的between?with?错；B当中的X on the rivalry that develops against Y错 between Olive Chancellor,an active feminist,and Basil Ransom,her charming and cynical cousin,when they find themselves drawn to the E当中随意改变句子成分位置，造成表same radiant young woman whose 达不清 talent for public speaking has won her an ardent following. ensconce vt.舒服地坐逻辑表达 (躺着) 语法结构 virtually adv. 实际上，事实上 plot n.计划；密谋 feminist n.女权扩张论者 cynical adj.习惯搭配 愤世嫉俗的 修辞结构 radiant adj.喜悦的；灿烂的 ardent adj.热心的，热情的，热烈的 原句当中缺少谓语动词，所以A错；C当中的some believe them to be同样没有提供一个谓语动词来完成句子结构；D当中的some believe they are和E当中的it is believed that they are都对前面Quasars从句无法构成完Quasars,at billions of light-years from Earth the most distant observable objects in the universe,are believed to be the cores of galaxies in an early stage of development. 主语+语法结构 Quasar n.类星体 galaxy n.星系；银河 19

GMAT 官方指南 语法解析1 early stage of development. 整结构 插入语+are believed... 1.常用搭配 46.In ancient Thailand,much 2.平行结构 of the local artisans' creative energy was expended for the creation 3.代词指代 of Buddha images and when they constructed and decorated the temples that 4.句子结构 enshrined them. expended on 花费，用光 A当中的expend for错 A当中的and when和上文不平行；C当中的constructing和creation/decoration不平行； A当中的they指代对象不清 D当中的and also把一个句子分成两个，而creating/construcing/decorating是一起修饰energy的，故不简洁；E选项的整个结构出现多余和无用的词，而且改变句意。 Bringing在句子中做伴随状语，表示伴随着主句中left的发生，说明了当这5只鹰把它们的巢落在S时，数量已经到了34了。B/C/D/E选项都改变了句子结构，E选项当中的and brought如果和第一句并列，那么bring动作的发起者应该也是这5只鹰，但是句中表达的意思是，这5只鹰把巢落在S，bringing to 34，bringing是伴随状语 In ancient Thailand,much of the local artisans' creative energy was expended on the creation of Buddha images and on construction and decoration of the temples in which they were enshrined. enshrine vt.习惯搭配 保存或放置某平行结构 物于?；作为神修辞结构 龛以保护某物 47.Five fledgling sea eagles left their nests in western Scotland this summer,bringing to 34 the 1.句子结构 number of wild birds successfully raised since transplants from Norway began in 1975. Five fledgling sea eagles left their nests in western Scotland this summer,bringing to 34 the number of wild birds successfully raised since transplants from Norway began in 1975. 动词形式 语法结构 20

GMAT 官方指南 语法解析1 destroying it,is finding uses in medicine,archaeology,and criminology. 2.简明扼要 B当中在主语a technique之前有两个修饰成分，造成了繁冗的结构；D/E当中的has the ability to繁冗 criminology. 过去分词短语developed...作状语+主语a technique+called分词短语，which非限定性定语从句（修饰主语），is...... 1.句子结构 B当中没有谓语动词，导致句子结构不完整 C当中在children的第一个，第三个特质前加了to，对于平行结构而言，不定式的to,要不就在第一个词前加，其他的都省略；要不就在每个词前加，每个都不省略。D当中的authoritative rather than being permissive中的being破坏了平行结构 C/E当中做比较的是children和parents，句意不符 D当中的they are an adolescent是明显的单复数不一致错误 Among the objects found in the B/D当中的to thank和asking不平行 excavated temple were small terra-cotta effigies left by B/C当中的and不能连接either；aid supplicants who were either asking the goddess Bona Dea's aid in sb.in doing sth.D/E当中aid后跟healing physical and mental ills or to heal错误 effigy 平行结构 n.雕像，肖像 习惯搭配 heal v.愈合，治愈 authoritative adj.专断的，有权威的 permissive 语法结构 adj.宽容的，随逻辑表达 意的 adolescent n.青少年 self-esteem n.自重 108.Authoritative parents are more likely than permissive parents to have 2.平行结构 children who as adolescents are self-confident,high in self-esteem,and responsibly independent. 3.比较结构 4.单复数一致 109.Among the objects found in the excavated temple were 1.平行结构 small terra-cotta effigies left by supplicants who were either asking the goddess 2.常用搭配 Bona Dea's aid in healing Authoritative parents are more likely than permissive parents to have children who as adolescents are self-confident,high in self-esteem,and responsibly independent. 46

GMAT 官方指南 语法解析1 physical and mental ills or thanking her for such help. 3.简明扼要 thanking her for such help. B/C当中的for helping繁冗 A当中published in Harlem错误修饰the owner and editor,指代对象不明；B当中published in Harlem错误修饰two young journalists，指代对象不明；D/E当中who引导的定语从句缺少明确的先行词 D当中published in Harlem的位置不对，致使繁冗和表达不清；E当中的being繁冗 Among介词在句首引起部分倒装 110.Published in Harlem,the owner and editor of The Messenger were two young 1.句子结构 journalists,Chandler Owen and A. Philip Randolph,who would later make his reputation as a labor 2.简明扼要 leader. 111.Construction of the Roman Colosseum,which was officially known as the Flavian Amphitheater,began 1.句子结构 in A.D.69,during the reign of Vespasian,was completed the Colosseum with a one-hundred-day cycle of religious 2.动词时态 pageants,gladitorial games,and spectacles. 112.As a baby emerges from 1.代词指代 the darkness of the womb with a rudimentary sense of vision,it would be rated 2.简明扼要 about 20/500,or legally

Published in Harlem,The Messenger was owned and edited by two young journalists,A. Philip Randolph,who would later make his reputation as a labor leader,and Chandler Owen 逻辑表达 前后一致 Construction of the Roman A当中的was complete前面没有连词；Colosseum,which was officially D当中的it是多余的，因为在头一句known as the Flavian 当中，主语已经出现了，不再需要itAmphitheater,began in 的指代；E当中的句子结构不完整 A.D.69,during the reign of Vespasian,and was completed the Colosseum with a one-hundred-day cycle of religious B当中的begun是错误时态 pageants,gladitorial games,and spectacles. A当中的it,指代对象不明，在语法上指代sense of vision，但是在逻辑上应该指代a baby。 B当中的最后一个短语繁冗，而且和句子衔接不明；E当中的which定语从句A baby emerges from the darkness of the womb with a rudimentary sense of vision that would be rated about 20/500；an adult with such vision would be deemed legally blind. religious adj.宗教的 pageant n.盛装的游行 语法结构 gladiatorial 动词形式 adj.斗剑者的，争论的 spectacle n.壮观的场面或景象 emerges from 来自，生产于，脱离 rudimentary adj.基本的，初47

语法结构 GMAT 官方指南 语法解析1 blind if it were an adult with such vision. 3.句子结构 繁冗 步的 deem vt.认为，相信 C当中的分号造成了句子结构不完整 113.Because there are provisions of the new maritime code that provide that even tiny islets can be 2.代词指代 the basis for claim to the fisheries and oil fileds of large sea areas,they have already stimulated international disputes over 3.句子结构 uninhabited islands. 1.简明扼要 A当中的there are?that结构繁冗;D当中的this is表达不清楚 Because the new maritime code A当中的provision不是they的指代provides that even tiny islets can be the basis for claim to the 对象 fisheries and oil fileds of large C当中的under provisions of the new sea areas,it has already maritime code在语法上修饰sea stimulated international disputes areas，修饰对象错误，而且句子中并over uninhabited islands. 没有交代清楚，what is stimulating?disputes；E当中的句子结构不完整，由分词短语开头，然后加定语从句，没有主句 The original building and loan associations were organized as limited life funds,whose members made monthly payments on their share subscriptions and then took turns drawing on the funds for home mortgages. maritime adj.海的，海事逻辑表达 的 tiny 语法结构 adj.极小的，微小的 114.The original building and loan associations were 1.平行结构 organized as limited life funds,whose members made monthly payments on their share subscriptions,then taking turns drawing on the 2.句子结构 funds for home mortgages. A/B当中的taking和made不平行 动词形式 平行结构 D当中的句子结构没有逻辑支持；E当中的句子结构无逻辑支持，而且最后一个短语造成无意义 48

GMAT 官方指南 语法解析1 1.简明扼要 115.Gill's hypothesis of there being different mental functions localized in diferent parts of the brain is widely accepted 2.句子结构 today. A当中的of there being繁冗；D当中的which is和there are繁冗 A当中hypothesis需要一个that引导的同位语从句来修饰hypothesis；B当中由于描述的分裂导致句子意思被扭曲；E当中的which is widely accepted today使句意扭曲 A/D当中的expecting for不符合常用搭配； Gill's hypothesis that different mental functions are localized in diferent parts of the brain is widely accepted today. 语法结构 116.Mauritius was a British 1.常用搭配 colony for almost 200 years,expecting for the domains of administration and teaching,the English language was never really 2.标点符号 spoken on the island. Mauritius was a British colony for almost 200 years,but expect in the 两个完整的句子或两个并列句之间不domains of administration and 能一概用逗点点开, 可用句号、分号teaching,the English language was 或在逗点后加并列连词(and , but , never really spoken on the island. or , for , so , nor , yet) 等方法修改。A/B/E当中就造成了逗号粘连错误，所以需要在逗号前加一个连词； A/B当中的these不能做宾语指代the rural poor,必须用them. colony n.殖民地 习惯搭配 domain 语法结构 n.领域，范围，范畴 117.George Sand(Aurore 1.代词指代 Lucile Dupin)was one of the first European writers to consider the rural people to 2.简明扼要 be legitimate subjects for literature and portray these with sympathy and 3.平行结构 respect in her novels. George Sand(Aurore Lucile one of the first European A当中的to be是不需要的；B当中的Dupin)was should be也是不需要的，或者用thatwriters to consider the rural 从句替代；C当中的as being繁冗；Dpeople legitimate subjects for and to portray them with 当中的as if they扭曲了原句的意思 literature sympathy and respect in her novels. C当中的to consider和portaying不平行 prortray 常用搭配 n.描写，描画 措辞 sympathy 平行结构 n.同情心，同情 49

GMAT 官方指南 语法解析1 118.The World Wildlife Fund has declared that global warming,a phenomenon most scientists agree to be caused by human beings in 1.简明扼要 burning fossil fules,will create havoc among migratory birds by altering the environment in ways harmful to their habitats. 119.New theories propose that catastrophic impacts 1.平行结构 of asteroids and comets may have caused reversals in the Earth's magnetic field,the onset of ice ages,splitting apart continents 80 million 2.逻辑表达 years ago,and great volcanic eruptions. 120.A firm that specializes in the analysis of handwriting claims from a 1.常用搭配 one-page writing sample that it can assess more than 300 personality traits,including 2.简明扼要 enthusiasm,imagination,and ambition.

A当中的to be caused和in burning繁冗；B当中的that位置应该放在the phenomenon的后面，而不是agree的后面；D/E用which引导的定语从句繁冗，而且E当中的两个被动语态导致第一个被动语态直接修饰主语，造成句子一起的扭曲 The World Wildlife Fund has declared that global warming,a phenomenon that most scientists agree is caused by human beings' burning of fossil fules,will create havoc among migratory birds by altering the environment in ways harmful to their habitats. declare 逻辑表达 v.宣告，声明 修辞结构 havoc n.大破坏，毁坏 A当中的splitting是动词，C当中的split也是动词，和其他三个都是名词的elements不平行 D/E当中的continents不能被caused修饰，而且与之前的结构不平行 New theories propose that catastrophic impacts of asteroids and comets may have caused reversals in the Earth's magnetic field,the onset of ice ages,the splitting apart of continents 80 million years ago,and great volcanic eruptions. 平行结构 catastrophic adj.灾难性的，惨重的，悲惨的 asteroid n.小行星 comet n.彗星 magnetic adj.有磁性的 claim + that从句或claim to do?A/B当中的claim from?that,介词短语跟在claim后面，引发了句子歧义；E当中的claims?being able不符合常用搭配 B/C当中的the ability of assessing繁冗 A firm that specializes in the analysis of handwriting claims to be able,from a one-page writing sample,to assess more than 300 personality traits,including enthusiasm,imagination,and ambition. trait 习惯搭配 n.特征，人的个修辞结构 性 50

GMAT 官方指南 语法解析1 2.单复数一致 48.In 1713,Alexander Pope began his translation of the Iliad,a work that,taking 1.句子结构 him seven years until completion,and that literary critic Samuel Johnson,Pope's contemporary,pronounced 2.代词指代 the greatest translation in any language. 49.The automotive 1.常用搭配 conveyor-belt system,which Henry Ford modeled after an assembly-line technique introduced by Ransom Olds,reduced from a day and 2.简明扼要 a half to 93 minutes the required time of assembling a Model T. 50.According to some analysts,the gain in the stock market reflect growing confidence that the 1.句子结构 economy will avoid the recession that many had feared earlier in the year B当中的brings，C/D当中的it都无法指代上文中的five eagles，单复数不一致 A当中的a work that缺少谓语动词构成完成的句子结构；D/E当中的a work就近修饰Iliad,错误，应该修饰的是Pope's translation.E当中的连词and改变了原句的重心 C当中的it指代a work，但是在句子中已经有that来指代a work了，所以这个结构繁冗 require to do? A当中的require?of错 In 1713,Alexander Pope began his translation of the Iliad,a work that took him seven years until complete and that literary critic Samuel Johnson,Pope's contemporary,pronounced the greatest translation in any language. 逻辑表达 critic n.评语法结构 论家；批评家 The automotive conveyor-belt system,which Henry Ford modeled A/E当中reduce后面直接跟介词短语after an assembly-line technique 不符合常用的表达习惯，应该用名词introduced by Ransom Olds,reduced time跟在reduce的后面，直接表达the time required to assemble a reduce的动作对象；B当中的being Model T from a day and a half to 93 required和down to表达多余，繁冗；minutes. C当中的being required表达繁冗 that引导两个并列从句，主语为economy，谓语动词为will avoid和(will) come,instead在这里表达转折\反而，却\的意思。B当中的what不能取代that；C当中的earlier in the year应该跟在many had feared后面；D当中，recession后面必须加that According to some analysts,the gain in the stock market reflect growing confidence that the economy will avoid the recession that many had feared earlier in the year and instead come in for a \landing\conveyor-belt n.传送带 assembly-line 修辞结构 n.装配线 习惯搭配 assemble vt.集合，聚合；装配 语法结构 修辞结构 21

GMAT 官方指南 语法解析1 and instead come in for a \2.简明扼要 a gradual increase in business activity. 3.常用搭配 51.A new study suggest that 1.常用搭配 the conversational pace of everyday life may be so brisk it hampers the ability of some children for distinguishing discrete 2.句子结构 sounds and words and,the result is,to make sense of speech. 52.To Josephine Baker,Paris was her home long before it 1.句子结构 was fashionable to be an expatriate,and she remained in France during the Second World War as a performer and an 2.简明扼要 intelligence agent for the Resistance. 53.The nineteenth-century chemist Humphry Davy 1.平行结构 presented the results of his early experiments in his

B当中的the economy to avoid the recession表达繁冗；E当中的that was feared;with it insteading coming表达繁冗，而且无语法意义 B当中的rather to come不符合常用表达；C当中的instead to come不符合常用表达 increase in business activity. ability/inability of sb. to do? A/E当中的ability of sb. for?错 A new study suggest that the conversational pace of everyday A当中的and,the result is引导一个life may be so brisk that it hampers 新的句子来说明distinguish sounds the ability of some children to and words的结果，语义错误；C当中distinguish discrete sounds and 的the result of this是一个新的主words and,as a result,to make sense 语，改变了句子结构；D当中添加了of speech. not,改变了句子的原意，错误 本句是由and引导的并列句，由第二句she做主语看来，根据平行结构，前面Long before it was fashionable to 一句的主语应该为Josephine Baker，be an expatriate,Josephine Baker 所以A/E当中，Paris做主语，排除 made Paris her home,and she A当中的To JB?her繁冗；B当中的remained in France during the For JB,long before?expatriate,在Second World War as a performer and 主句前添加两个修饰元素繁冗；C当中an intelligence agent for the 的to be an expatriate was Resistance. fashionable繁冗；E当中的being繁冗 B当中的critique和his envisioning不平行；D当中的a critique of和envisioning不平行；D当中的critiquing和a vision of不平行 The nineteenth-century chemist Humphry Davy presented the results of his early experiments in his \a brisk adj.轻快的；忙碌的 修辞结构 discrete 平行结构 adj.分离的；不措辞 相关联的 make sense of 搞清??的意思 fashionable adj.流行的，时修辞结构 髦的 平行结构 expatriate n.侨民 critique n.修辞结构 评论 vt.写评平行结构 论 22

GMAT 官方指南 语法解析1 \on Heat and Light,\ a critique of all chemistry since Robert Boyle as well 2.简明扼要 as a vision of a new chemistry that Davy hoped to found. B当中的and also his envisioning繁冗,而且his的指代对象不明；E当中的句意有分歧，Davy否认自己的观点，不符合常理 A//B/C当中改变了句子结构，recommanded后应该是建议的三个成分，而不应该分裂成两个句子，而且这三个成分也不平行；D当中的other hospitals' space uesd和前面两个成分不平行 谓语动词用的是recommanded，那么表示建议，should使用繁冗，不简洁，排除A/B/C选项，D当中的other hospitals' space used使用繁冗 A当中的to be able to move繁冗，to be able to和上文中的enable重复； C当中用分号将句子断开，那么that就不能指代上一句中的program；两个不定式to move 和to apply之间应该用and连接，而不应该是逗号；E选项当中的which之前不应该使用逗号，因为which引导的是和先行词关系紧密的限定性定语从句。 D当中的enables不能和复数先行词programs一致 D/E当中的applying跳过which引导的定语从句修饰主句当中的critique of all chemistry since Robert Boyle as well as a vision of a new chemistry that Davy hoped to found. 54.The report recommanded that the hospital should 1.平行结构 eliminate unneeded beds,expensive services should be consolidated,and use space in other hospitals. 2.简明扼要 The report recommanded that the hospital eliminate unneeded beds,consolidate expensive services,and use space in other hospitals. consolidate 语法结构 v.巩固，加强；平行结构 合并 1.简明扼要 55.Many house builder offer rent-to-buy programs that enable a family with insufficient savings for a 2.标点符号 conventional down payment to be able to move into new housing and to apply part of the rent to a purchase 3.单复数一致 later. 4.句子结构

Many house builder offer rent-to-buy programs that enable a family with insufficient savings for a conventional down payment to move into new housing and to apply part of the rent to a purchase later. conventional 修辞结构 adj.传统的，习逻辑表达 惯的 23

GMAT 官方指南 语法解析1 builders，修饰对象发生变化 A当中的either from?or不平行；B当中的from either?or from不平行，Many of the earliest known images C当中的either fashioned?or不平of Hindu deities in India date from 行；D当中的either fashioned from?the time of the Kushan Empire and or from不平行 were fashioned either from the spotted sandstone of Mathura or A/B/C当中的fashioned就近修饰名词from Gandharan grey schist. Empire，结构错误，语义改变 It can hardly be said that 由于主语过长造成的句子难以理解引educators are at fault for not 发歧义，A/B选项都需要一个形式主语anticipating the impact of 来替代；B当中的can hardly be said microcomputer technology:Alvin to be at fault 在语法上不能构成一Toffler,one of the most prominent 个完整的从句 student of the future,did not even mention microcomputers in Future Shock,published in 1970. it充当C当中的that it is ?who have not形式主语，真正的主语是educators 繁冗，扭曲原意，无法构成完整的句子are at fault for not anticipating 结构；E当中的the fact繁冗 the impact of microcomputer technology 比较结构：X is to Y what A is to B.B当中的like,C当中的just as,D当中的similar to都不符合习惯搭配，排除 A leading figure in the Scottish Enlightenmen,Adam Smith wrote two major books that are to democratic capitalism what Marx's Das Kapital 56.Many of the earliest known images of Hindu 1.平行结构 deities in India date from the time of the Kushan Empire,fashioned either from the spotted sandstone of Mathura or Gandharan grey 2.非谓语动词 schist. deity n.神；女神 逻辑表达 empire n.帝平行结构 国 schist n.片岩 57.That educators have not anticipated the impact of 1.句子结构 microcomputer technology can hardly be said that it is their fault:Alvin Toffler,one of the most prominent student of the future,did not even mention 2.简明扼要 microcomputers in Future Shock,published in 1970. 58.A leading figure in the Scottish Enlightenmen,Adam 1.常用搭配 Smith's two major books are to democratic capitalism anticipate v.预感；预料；语法结构 预计 修辞结构 prominent adj.突出的；著名的 democratic 习惯搭配 adj.民主制度逻辑表达 的 24

GMAT 官方指南 语法解析1 what Marx's Das Kapital is to socialism. 2.逻辑主语 A leading figure描述的是Adam Smith，而不是Adam Smith'stwo books，所以A/B/C选项排除 A当中的in that意思为“由于，因为”，但是已经不再常用，排除；E选项结构繁冗，排除 无生命事物的所有格形式优先使用n. of n.的结构，较少使用n.’s 结构，A/B/C当中的所有格形式festival's month和the festival month表达错误 C当中的they指代对象不明，可能指代states也可能指代games，排除 在本句当中，后半句最好用句子，而不是短语，B当中的分词短语不是最佳选项 A/C/D当中的主语the predominating industries and the regulatory environment为复数，而谓语动词却是determines，排除；B当中的their和each state前后不一致 While引导的状语从句表转折，那么all states就应该和each state形成对比，A当中的the states排除 C当中用分号断开句子，改变了句子结构，排除 is to socialism. 1.简明扼要 59.The Olympic Games helped to keep peace among the 2.所有格形式 pugnacious states of the Greek world in that a sacred truce was proclaimed during the festival's month. 3.代词指代 The Olympic Games helped to keep peace among the pugnacious states of the Greek world，for a sacred truce was proclaimed during the month of festival. For是连词表示原因 pugnacious adj.好战的，好习惯搭配 斗的 sacred 修辞结构 adj.受尊重的 truce n.休战，停战 4.句子结构 60.While all states face similar industrial waste problems,the predominating 1.主谓一致 industries and the regulatory environment of the states obviously 2.句子结构 determines the types and amounts of waste produced,as well as the cost 3.标点符号 of disposal. While all states face similar industrial waste problems,the predominating industries and the regulatory environment of each states obviously determine the types and amounts of waste produced,as well as the cost of disposal. predominate 前后一致 vt.占支配地位 语法结构 disposal n.清理，处理 25

GMAT 官方指南 语法解析1 61.Rivaling the pyramids of Egypt or even the ancient cities of the Maya as an achievement,the army of terra-cotta warriors created to protect Qin Shi 1.句子结构 Huang,China's first emperor,in his afterlife is more than 2,000 years old and took 700,000 artisans more than 36 years to complete. 62.When Congress reconvenes,some newly 1.常用搭配 elected members from rural states will try and establish tighter restrictions for the amount 2.平行结构 of grain farmers are to be allowed to grow and to encourage more aggressive 3.简明扼要 sales of United States farm products overseas. 63.The yield of natural gas 1.平行结构 from Norway's Troll gas field is expected to increase annually until the year 2005 and then to 2.句子结构 stabilize at six billion cubic feet a day,which will

Rivaling the pyramids of Egypt or even the ancient cities of the Maya 句首的现在分词短语rivaling由the as an achievement,the army of army of trrra-cotta发出该动作。Bterra-cotta warriors created to 当中的Qin Shi Huang，C当中的it,Dprotect Qin Shi Huang,China's 当中的700,000 artisans,E当中的first emperor,in his afterlife is more than 36 years都不是rivalingmore than 2,000 years old and took 动作的发起者，故排除 700,000 artisans more than 36 years to complete. rivalize v.竞争，对抗 warriors n.武士，勇士，逻辑表达 战士 修辞结构 terra-cotta warriors n.兵马俑 artisan n.技工，工匠 try to do sth? A当中的try and是口语用法，不符合书面语用法；restriction on sth.,而A/C当中的restriction for不符合常用搭配 When Congress reconvenes,some newly elected members from rural states will try to establish B/D当中的and establish?and tighter restrictions on the amount encouraging不平行；C不平行 of grain farmers will be allowed to grow and to encourage more A当中的to be 繁冗；B当中的able to aggressive sales of United States be grown by繁冗，语气弱；D当中的farm products overseas. capable of being grown by繁冗 C/D/E当中的stabilizing和上文的to The yield of natural gas from increase不平行，排除 Norway's Troll gas field is A/E当中的which非限定性定语从句就expected to increase annually until the year 2005 and then to 近修饰six billion cubic feet a stabilize at six billion cubic feet day,which充当非限定性定语从句的day，an extraction rate that will 主语，an extraction rate就是six a at least 50 years production. billion cubic feet a day,先行词用allow reconvene v.重新集合，重新召集 grain 习惯搭配 n.谷物 平行结构 aggressive adj.好争斗的，挑衅的；有进取心的 修辞结构 extraction 动词形式 n.取出；开采；逻辑表达 提炼 26

GMAT 官方指南 语法解析1 allow such an extraction rate at least for 50 years production. six billion cubic feet a day替代后，造成an extraction rate allow an extraction rate,句子意思错乱 3.简明扼要 C当中的with结构繁冗，D当中的allowing引导分词短语繁冗，而且allowing这个动作无发起者。 not only X?but also Y?,B/C/D当中的not only?but also都是缺一部分独立存在，不符合常用搭配，排除 64.Doctors generally agree 1.常用搭配 that such factors as cigarette smoking,eating rich foods high in fats,and alcohol consumption not 2.平行结构 only do damage by themselves but also aggravate genetic predispositions toward certain diseases. 3.句子时态 65.In a plan to stop the erosion of East Coast beaches,the Army Crops of Engineers proposed building 1.常用搭配 parallel to shore a breakwater of rocks that would rise six feet above the waterline and act as a buffer,so that it absorbs 2.平行结构 the energy of crashing waves and pretecting the beaches.

Doctors generally agree that such factors as cigarette do damage和aggravate平行，B当中smoking,eating rich foods high in 的are aggravating to,C当中的are fats,and alcohol consumption not aggravate，D当中的aggravating都only do damage by themselves but 和前面的do damage不平行，而且also aggravate genetic aggravating表达了另外一个含义“使predispositions toward certain 恶化的”，是形容词 diseases. 当句子表示客观事实的时候，用一般现在时，E当中用了现在进行时，排除 like(介词) + 名词\\名词短语，表示比较；as(连词) + 主谓结构，表示比较，强调动作的相似性；as(介词) + 名词，表示作为。本句中act like表示的是一种动作或是表现，而act as表示的是一种功能，所以B/E选项中的like不如as在句中更合适 A当中的absorbs，B当中的absorb，E当中的absorb都和后文中的protecting不平行；D/E当中的acting和前文当中的would rise不平行，应In a plan to stop the erosion of East Coast beaches,the Army Crops of Engineers proposed building parallel to shore a breakwater of rocks that would rise six feet above the waterline and act as a buffer,absorbing the energy of crashing waves and pretecting the beaches. aggravate vt.使恶化，使更严重 动词形式 genetic 逻辑表达 n.遗传的 predisposition n.倾向，素质；易染病体质 erosion n.腐蚀，侵蚀，磨损 shore 平行结构 vt.支撑，支持 习惯搭配 buffer n.缓冲机；vt.缓冲 27

GMAT 官方指南 语法解析1 该用(would) act替换 1.句子结构 66.The 32 species that make up the dolphin family are closely related to whales 2.简明扼要 and in fact include the animal known as the killer whale,which can grow to be 3.单复数一致 30 feet long and is famous for its aggressive hunting pods. 4.习惯搭配 B/C当中用分词短语growing取代which引导的定语从句有两种可能，一种是修饰whale，另一种是修饰主语32 species，故排除； The 32 species that make up the C当中的and being是不必要的描述，dolphin family are closely related 繁冗；E当中的it指代上文中的whale，to whales and in fact include the 造成繁冗而且没有新的意义 animal known as the killer D/E当中的inclueds和主语the 32 whale,which can grow to be 30 feet species单复数不一致 long and is famous for its as?as用于比较句型，中间插入的是aggressive hunting pods. 形容词或副词的原级。意思是\达到与什么相同的程度\。D当中用as?as无比较对象，在句中只是表达whale can grow to be 30 feet long,所以排除 由if引导的条件状语从句应该使用虚拟语气，表示“与现在事实相反”，if条件从句为if I(we,you,he,they)+动词过去式（be的过去式用were）,结果主句为I should,you/he/they would+动词原形。有时可以用用介词短语表示含蓄条件。A/C当中的was，应该为would be； C/E当中的it指代不清，可能指代Morocco,也有可能指代Algeria；D当修辞结构 前后一致 67.Affording strategic proximity to the Strait Gibraltar,Morocco was also of interest to the French 1.虚拟语气 throughout the first half of the twentieth century because they assumed that if they did not hold it,their trip on Algeria was always insecure. 2.代词指代

Affording strategic proximity to the Strait Gibraltar,Morocco was afford vt.提also of interest to the French 供，给予 throughout the first half of the proximity 修辞结构 twentieth century because they n.接近，附近 动词形式 assumed that without it their trip Strait on Algeria would never be secure. Gibraltar 直Without介词短语表示含蓄条件，布罗陀海峡 would never be为主句的形式 28

GMAT 官方指南 语法解析1 中的that不可以指代Morocco 3.简明扼要 68.The first trenches that were cut into a 500-acre site at Tell 1.简明扼要 Hamoukar,Syria,have yielded strong evidence for centrally administered 2.单复数一致 complex societies in northern regions of the Middle East that were arising simultaneously with but independently of the 3.句子结构 more celebrated city-states of southern Mesopotamia,in what is now southern Iraq. 69.Once they had seen the report from the medical examiner,the investigators 1.动词时态 did not doubt whether the body recovered from the river was the man who had attempted to escape from the state prison. 2.句子结构 D当中的could never be secure about their grip繁冗 A当中的that were cut和that were arising繁冗，把句子结构复杂化，导The first trenches cut into a 致句意不明；B当中的that were引导500-acre site at Tell 了一个不必要的从句；C当中的having Hamoukar,Syria,have yielded been cut造成繁冗； strong evidence that centrally B/D当中的yields和复数主语administered complex societies in trenches单复数不一致 northern regions of the Middle East arose simultaneously with but independently of the more C当中的arising simultaneously后celebrated city-states of southern 面应该加介词with构成合理的句子意Mesopotamia,in what is now 义;D当中的also在句子中没有意义 southern Iraq. trench n.深修辞结构 沟；战壕 前后一致 yield v.生语法结构 产；屈服，放弃 Once引导的时间状语从句用过去完成时表达一种过去已经完成的状态，在一般过去时之前，所以主句应该使用一般过去时，Once引导的从句时态总比主句时态往前一个。B当中的had，C当中的had not doubt，D当中的have均不符合时态要求 A/B/C当中的the body was the man不对，应该是the body is that of the man. Once they had seen the report from the medical examiner,the investigators had no doubt that the body recovered from the river was that of the man who had attempted to escape from the state prison. 措辞 动词形式 29

GMAT 官方指南 语法解析1 3.常用搭配 doubt一般用在否定结构中，后面跟that，常用结构为there is no doubt或he does not doubt A当中not doubt whether，错；B当中的no doubt whether，错 在这句当中in which和when可以互换，所以不存在太大问题；E选项当中His studies of ice-polished rocks 的now是副词，后面不能跟that从句 in his Alpine homeland,far outside 用一般过去时表示过去某一时间所存the range of present-day 在的状态，A/D当中的had existed，glaciers,led Louis Agassiz in 1837 时态不符 to propose the concept of an age in now和currently意思重叠，所以A繁which great ice sheets existed in 冗；C当中的where there were areas what are temperate areas. now temperate繁冗 70.His studies of ice-polished rocks in his 1.句子结构 Alpine homeland,far outside the range of present-day glaciers,led Louis Agassiz 2.动词时态 in 1837 to propose the concept of an age in which great ice sheets had existed 3.简明扼要 in now currently temperate areas. 71.Unlike the original National Museum of Science and Technology in Italy,where the models are encased in glass or operated only by staff members,the Virtual Leonardo Project,an 1.句子结构 online version of the museum,encourages visitors to \exhibit,which thereby activates the animated functions of the piece. glacier 动词形式 n.冰河，冰川 修辞结构 temperate adj.温和的 which引导的定语从句先行词应该是visitors，可是which定语从句就近修饰exhibit，所以A/E选项错误；B选项当中的in turn an activation of是一个名词短语应该引起一个新的句子，但是新句子当中没有谓语动词，是不完整的句子结构；C当中的it也是无先行词，it无指代对象，touch为动词 Unlike the original National Museum of Science and Technology in Italy,where the models are encased in glass or operated only by staff members,the Virtual Leonardo Project,an online version of the museum,encourages visitors to \ each exhibit and thereby (to) activate the animated functions of the piece. encase vt.把?装入盒内 activate 语法结构 vt.使活动，启逻辑表达 动；触发 animate v.激励；驱动 adj.有生气的 30

GMAT 官方指南 语法解析1 72.More and more in recent years,cities are stressing 1.常用搭配 the arts as a means to greater economic development and investing millions of dollars in 2.平行结构 cultural activities,despite strained municipal budgets and fading federal support. 3.词语使用 73.Combining enormous physical strength with higher intelligence,the Neanderthals appear as 1.动词时态 equipped for facing any obstacle the environment could put in their path,but their relatively sudden disappearance during the Paleolithic era indicates that an inability to adapt to some environmental 2.单复数一致 change led to their extinction. as a means to,当做达到??的手段。用to不定式表明stressing the arts是greater economic development的More and more in recent 一种方法。C/D当中的as a means ofyears,cities are stressing the 和E中的as a means for不符合常用arts as a means to greater economic 表达习惯 development and investing millions C/D当中的invest和stressing不平of dollars in cultural 行；E当中的the investment of和activities,despite strained stressing不平行 municipal budgets and fading B/D当中的economically是副词，改federal support. 变原有的economic形容词，句子意思改变 因为the Neanderthals已经灭绝，那么表达他们的能力不应该用一般过去时，而应该使用现在完成时。所以A/C当中的as equipped不符合时态要求；D/E当中的appeared没有和后文中but引导的并列句中的indicates时态一致。Equipped to face比equipped for facing更清楚、更直接表达目的性，所以A/E当中的for facing排除。 根据句意表达，Neanderthals作为个体可能有不同的途径，但是在文章中Neanderthals被看做是一个种族，应该用单数path。所以C/D当中的paths不符合单复数一致 stress v.强调 strain v.拉紧；尽全力 措辞 municipal 平行结构 adj.市政的，地方政府的 fade v.衰退，衰落；逐渐消逝 Combining enormous physical strength with higher intelligence,the Neanderthals appear to have been equipped to face any obstacle the environment could put in their path,but their relatively sudden disappearance during the Paleolithic era indicates that an inability to adapt to some environmental change led to their extinction. enormous adj.大量的 动词形式 Neanderthals 措辞 尼安德特人 obstacle n.障碍物，妨碍 31

GMAT 官方指南 语法解析1 1.动词时态 74.A 1972 agreement between Canada and the United States reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities had been 2.简明扼要 allowed to dump into the Great Lakes. 3.句子结构 主句当中使用的是reduced一般过去式，自治区被允许投放的磷酸盐的量减少发生在agreement颁布以后，所以从句的时态应该用are allowed表明这个结果到现在还存在着，或者用were allowed表明这个结果在这个句子之前已经停止作用了。A当中的had been allowed时态不正确；C当中的A 1972 agreement between Canada and reduces,have been allowed时态不正the United States reduced the 确；E当中的reduces时态不正确 amount of phosphates that E当中的allowed for dumping by municipalities are allowed to dump municipalities繁冗，而且allow forinto the Great Lakes. 不属于常用搭配，allow to do... B当中的实意动词allow被随意拿掉，改变句子意思 无生命事物的所有格形式优先使用n. of n.的结构，较少使用n.’s 结构，B/C当中的the phosphate amount不符合所有格形式 A/D当中的and see不能表达目的，应该为will continue to visit to see以表达一种目的 phosphate n.磷酸盐 动词形式 municipality 习惯搭配 n.自治市，自治区 4.所有格形式 75.A proposal has been made 1.句子结构 to trim the horns from rhinoceroses to discourage poachers；the question is whether tourists will continue to visit game parks 2.动词时态 and see rhinoceroses after their horns are trimmed. A proposal has been made to trim the horns from rhinoceroses to 客人去参观的动作应该发生在犀牛角discourage poachers；the question 修剪之前，那么在after之后的动词形is whether tourists will continue 式应该用现在完成时have been to visit game parks to see trimmed，而不是一般过去时are rhinoceroses once the animals' trimmed，前者在逻辑上更能符合句意。horns have been trimmed. A/B/C当中的are都应该改为have been. trim v./n.修剪；整修 horn 逻辑表达 n.角，触角 措辞 rhinoceros 动词形式 n.犀牛 poacher n.偷猎者 32

GMAT 官方指南 语法解析1 3.简明扼要 A当中的their指代对象不明，可能指tourists,也有可能指rhinoceroses；B/E当中的one多余，而且their明显指代句中的复数名词tourists，指代对象错误； 在句子当中隐藏着一个平行结构as much because X as because Y，A结构不平行；C/E当中的结构造成了之前的sales和shopper的策略比较，比较对象不对等； A当中的being so bad?繁冗；B当中的because of短语分割句子，造成繁冗；C结构繁冗 平行结构要求词语的同样形式在句子中起同样的作用,is在句中连接了两个不定式。B/C/D当中的if?/for?都不能满足平行结构 citrus是单数名词，A/B/C/D中的they,them都不能指代citrus，单复数不一致 C当中的that was繁冗 B当中的has been?,C/E当中的was无法和复数主语一致； A当中的Fossils是句子的主语，所以it无意义上的先行词，在A当中，made的主语应该是fossils，但是句中无意义说fossils made it the earliest known mammals.B当中的they无指代Fossils of the arm of a sloth, found in Puerto Rico in 1991,have been dated at 34 million years old,making the sloth the earliest known mammal on the Greater Antilles Islands. fossil 前后一致 n.化石 逻辑表达 sloth n.树懒 76.Retailers reported moderate gains in their 1.平行结构 November sales,as much because of their sales of a year earlier being so bad as that shoppers were getting a head start on buying their 2.简明扼要 holiday gifts. 77.The only way for growers to salvage frozen citrus is 1.平行结构 to process them quickly into juice concentrate before they rot when warmer weather 2.单复数一致 returns. 1.简明扼要 Retailers reported moderate gains in their November sales,as much because their sales a year earlier had been（时态） so bad as because shoppers were getting a head start on buying their holiday gifts. moderate 修辞结构 adj.中等的，适平行结构 度的 The only way for growers to salvage frozen citrus is to have it quickly processed into juice concentrate before warmer weather returns and rot the fruit. 用before更能体现因果关系 salvage v.回收利用，抢救 平行结构 citrus n.前后一致 柑橘属果树 rot n./v.腐烂 78.Fossils of the arm of a sloth found in Puerto Rico 2.单复数一致 in 1991,and dated at 34 million years old,made it the earliest known mammal of 3.句子结构 the Greater Antilles Islands.

33

GMAT 官方指南 语法解析1 对象，造成句子意思混乱； 79.Defense attorneys have occasionally argued that their client's misconduct stemmed from a reaction to something ingested,but in attributing criminal or delinquent behavior to some food allergy, the perpetrators are in effect 2.句子结构 told that they are not responsible for their action. 1.常用搭配 attribute X(an effect)to Y(a cause)(主动)；X(the effect)is attributed to Y(the cause)(被动) D/E都没有正确使用常用搭配。 Defense attorneys have occasionally argued that their client's misconduct stemmed from a reaction to something ingested,but if criminal or delinquent behavior 作为but引导的并列句当中第二句的is attributed to an allergy to some 主语perpetrators，应该是A选项中food,the perpetrators are in in attributing的修饰对象，但是in effect told that they are not attributing的修饰对象是defense responsible for their action. attorneys，A选项的修饰语位置不对；同理，C/E选项的修饰语位置也不对； defense n.国防部 vt.谋划抵御 attorney n.代理人；律师 occasionally adv.偶尔，间或 misconduct 逻辑表达 n.不当行为 习惯搭配 stem v.遏制，阻止 ingest v.获取；吞 delinquent adj.有过失的 perpetrator n.做坏事者，犯罪者 80.A report by the American Academy for the Advancement 1.常用搭配 of Science has concluded that much of the currently 2.单复数一致 uncontrolled dioxins to which North Americans are exposed comes from the 3.简明扼要 incineration of wastes.

much一般修饰不可数名词，many一般修饰可数名词。A/B/C当中的much都不能指代可数名词dioxins，故应替换成many； A/C当中的comes和前面的many of dioxins复数主语不一致 C/D当中的that are繁冗 A report by the American Academy for the Advancement of Science has concluded that many of the currently uncontrolled dioxins to which North Americans are exposed come from the incineration of wastes. 措辞 incineration 前后一致 n.焚化，烧毁 34

GMAT 官方指南 语法解析1 81.Recently physicians have 1.平行结构 determined that stomach ulcers are not caused by stress,alcohol,or rich foods,but a bacterium that dwells in the mucous lining of the stomach. 2.措辞 名词的否定形式not A,but B;not A,but rather B;A,rather than B;A,not B;not?rather...比not?but?语气强烈。句子的结构应该为cause not by?but by?；A/D/E当中的but后应该加by,排除；B当中的but are中的are不需要重复 D/E当中三个元素最后用and连接，表明三种造成胃溃疡的原因构成一个组合，所以在这个句子当中，or表示的是三个不一样的原因，所以，or比and要更合适一些 作为一个从句，like比较从句的后面应该有完整的主谓结构，而且比较从句和主句的结构应该平行。A/B当中没有完整的主谓结构，而且和主句不平行；C当中有完整的主谓结构，但是和主句不平行；D和主句不平行 Recently physicians have determined that stomach ulcers are caused not by stress,alcohol,or rich foods,but by a bacterium that dwells in the mucous lining of the stomach. physician n.内科医生 ulcer n.溃疡；v.使腐败 平行结构 bacterium 措辞 n.细菌 dwell v.居住，住 mucous adj.黏液的，黏液覆盖的 82.According to a recent poll,owning and living in a freestanding house on its own land is still a goal of 1.平行结构 a majority of young adults,like that of earlier generations. 83.In 2000,a mere two dozen products accounted for half the increase in spending on 1.平行结构 prescription drugs,a phenomenon that is According to a recent poll,owning and living in a freestanding house on its own land is still a goal of a majority of young adults,as it was of earlier generations. 平行结构 poll n.民意调查 A/D/E当中的not?but?结构不平行 In 2000,a mere two dozen products accounted for half the increase in spending on prescription drugs,a phenomenon that is explained not just by the fact that drugs are account for 修辞结构 说明??的原习惯搭配 因 35

GMAT 官方指南 语法解析1 explained not just because of more expensive drugs but by the fact that doctors are 2.简明扼要 writing many more prescriptions for higher-cost drugs. 84.Often visible as smog,ozone is formed in the 1.常用搭配 atmosphere from hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides,two major pollutants emitted by 2.句子结构 automobiles,react with sunlight. 85.Salt deposits and moisture threaten to 1.动词时态 destory the Mohenjo-Daro excavation in Pakistan,the site of an ancient civilization that flourished at the same time 2.单复数一致 as the civilizations in the Nile Delta and the river valleys of the Tigris and 3.简明扼要 Euphrates. 86.The results of the company's cost-cutting measures are evident in its 1.动词时态 profits,which increased 5 percent during the first 3

A当中的explained?because of繁冗；C当中的drugs that are becoming和doctors having also written繁冗，而且语义不明，而且C/E当中also的位置不对 Ozone is formed when X and Y react,当X和Y作用时，ozone形成了；A/D当中的fromed from不符合常用搭配 C当中的and when扭曲了句子原意，and使前后两个句子并列，ozone的形成原因变成了两个，所以排除；D/E当中都没有谓语动词，句子结构不完整。 原句当中使用一般过去时flourished表明在过去的某一点civilization是同时存在的，B当中的had flourished时态不正确，因为两者没有明显的先后关系；C当中的had,时态也不对； becoming more expensive but also by the fact that doctors are writing many more prescriptions for higher-cost drugs. 要注意not only...but also的变体形式 Often visible as smog,ozone is formed in the atmosphere when hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides,two major pollutants emitted by automobiles,react with sunlight. hydrocarbon n.碳氢化合物 语法结构 nitrogen 习惯搭配 oxides n.氧化氮 Salt deposits and moisture threaten to destory the Mohenjo-Daro excavation in Pakistan,the site of an ancient C/D/E当中的those不能指代上文中的civilization that flourished at 单数名词civilization，故those缺the same time as the civilizations 少指代对象 in the Nile Delta and the river B/C当中的had，D当中的did，E当中valleys of the Tigris and 的were都是无意义的句子成分，多余；Euphrates. C当中缺少连词as 因为第一个动作increased发生在it fell over the last two years之后，所以A当中的it fell时态不对；B当中had increase和had fallen存在同样的问题 The results of the company's cost-cutting measures are evident in its profits,which have increased 5 percent during the first 3 months of this year after deposit n.沉淀，沉积，矿藏 动词形式 excavation 前后一致 n.古迹，出土文物 flourish v.茂盛，繁荣 动词形式 evident 前后一致 adj.明显的，明习惯搭配 白的 36

GMAT 官方指南 语法解析1 months of this year after it 2.代词指代 fell over the last two years. 3.句子结构 A/B当中定语从句中的it都无法指代复数先行词the profits D/E当中的with引导的不是独立主格结构，而是一个介词短语。本句中需要一个定语从句来修饰先行词profits，所以排除 it falling over the last two years. 87.In an effort to reduce their inventories,Italian vintners have cut prices;their wines have been priced to sell,and they are 1.动词形式 A当中的they are (selling),和上文sell不符；B当中的they have (sold),In an effort to reduce their 和上文的sell不符；D当中的inventories,Italian vintners have have(sold)，和上文的sell不符；Ecut prices;their wines are priced 当中的have (sold)和sell不符 to sell,and they do. D当中的逗号应该去掉，而且and并列在句子中，因为priced to sell动词动词形式 句，后面那句应该有主语they；E当中短语，所以后面sell这个动作可以不过去完成时表示的意思是在vintner再重复，但是需要一个动词来取代减价之前，就已经price to sell了，sell的作用，动词形式的变化，那么而且用过去完成时的话，and并列句后就有Priced to sell，then they do 面那句应该用的动词形式为did,而不sell. 是have. A当中who引导的定语从句修饰Thelonious Monk多余；B当中的同位语结构繁冗，而且造成不必要的语法结构复杂化；A/B/E当中的both是没用的单词 Jazz pianist and composer Thelonious Monk prodeced a body of work that was rooted in the stride-piano tradition of Willie(The Lion) Smith and Duke Elligton,yet in many ways he stood apart from the mainstream jazz repertory. vintner n.酒商，酿酒人 88.Thelonious Monk,who was a jazz pianist and 1.简明扼要 composer,prodeced a body of work both rooted in the stride-piano tradition of Willie(The Lion) Smith and Duke Elligton,yet in many 2.句子结构 ways he stood apart from the mainstream jazz repertpry. repertory 语法结构 n.全部剧目，轮修辞结构 演剧目 C当中的主语Thelonious Monk没有谓语动词，造成句子结构不完整 37

GMAT 官方指南 语法解析1 89.Dirt roads may evoke the bucolic simplicith of another century,but financially strained 1.平行结构 townships point out that dirt roads cost twice as much as maintaining paved roads. dirt n.污垢，灰尘，Dirt roads may evoke the bucolic A当中的dirt cost和maintaining 脏土 evoke simplicith of another century,but paved roads做比较，比较对象不对等；vt.产生，引起，financially strained townships C当中的maintaining dirt roads和唤起 point out that dirt roads cost 逻辑表达 paved roads做比较，比较对象不对等；bucolic twice as much to maintain as paved 平行结构 D当中的比较对象不对等；D当中的to adj.牧民生活roads do. maintain dirt roads和for paved 的，田园风味的 Dirt roads cost和paved roads roads不对等 simplicity do(cost) 结构平行 n.简单，朴素，率直 A当中had moved的时态和从句中的were aired on不一致；D当中的moved和were aired结构不一致；E当中的aired和were moved结构不一致；A/D/E当中的in the 1920s和of the 1930s，介词使用不一致 C当中的moving造成句子中结构不完整 B/D/E当中的them不能指代前面的单数名词the language；C当中的第二个it，指代对象应该为world languages，it不能指代复数名词； B/E当中用介词with引导两个句子，在句意上并不能强调转折的意思 90.Although early soap operas were first aired on 1.平行结构 evening radio in the 1920s,they had moved to the daytime hours of the 1930s when the evening schedule became crowded with comedians and variety 2.句子结构 shows. 91.Nobady knows exactly how many languages there are in 1.单复数一致 the world,partly because of the difficult of distinguishing between a language and the 2.句子结构 sublanguages or dialects Although early soap operas were first aired on evening radio in the 1920s,they were moved to the daytime hours in the 1930s when the evening schedule became crowded with comedians and variety shows. 动词形式 air 平行结构 v.播送，广播 Nobady knows exactly how many languages there are in the world,partly because of the difficult of distinguishing between a language and the sublanguages or dialects within it,but those who have tried to 前后一致 dialect 习惯搭配 n.方言，土语 38

GMAT 官方指南 语法解析1 within it,but those who have tried to count 3.常用搭配 typically have found about five thousand. distinguish between X and Y,D当中and变成了or,不符合常用表达 名词的否定形式not A,but B;not A,but rather B;A,rather than B;A,not B;not?rather...比not?but?语气强烈。A当中的not A,rather B,错；D当中的rather强调的是对比的语气，所以不能省略；E当中没有rather和前面的but呼应，造成对比结构不完整 A当中分号后的句子应该是完整的主谓结构， C/D/E当中的that of是不必要的语法结构，而且that没有合理的指代对象 B当中的higher后跟than,而不是over B当中的more than应该跟在$5的后面， C/E当中的last year's和this year不平行 C当中的expectations are for?繁冗；D当中的it is the expectation that?繁冗；E当中的it is expected that?繁冗 count typically have found about five thousand. 92.The energy source on Voyager 2 is not a unclear 1.常用搭配 reactor in which atoms are activity broken apart；rather a kind of unclear battery that uses natural radioactive decay to 2.标点符号 produce power. 3.简明扼要 The energy source on Voyager 2 is not a unclear reactor in which atoms are activity broken apart,but rather a kind of unclear battery that uses natural radioactive decay to produce power. 语法结构 atom n.原子 decay vt.使腐烂，腐朽 1.常用搭配 93.Heating-oil prices are expected to be higher this 2.逻辑结构 year than last year because refiners are paying about $5 3.平行结构 a barrel more for crude oil than they were last year. 4.简明扼要 Heating-oil prices are expected to be higher this year than last year because refiners are paying about $5 a barrel more for crude oil than they were last year refiner n.精炼者 barrel n.修辞结构 桶 习惯搭配 crude adj.天然的，未加工的 39

GMAT 官方指南 语法解析1 94.The recent surge in the number of airplane flights 1.平行结构 has clogged the nation's air-traffic control system,to lead to 55 percent more delays at airports,and 2.简明扼要 prompts fear among some officials that safety is being compromised. 95.The peaks of a mountain range,acting like rocks in a streambed,produce ripples 1.单复数一致 in the air flowing over them；the resulting flow pattern,with crests and troughs that remain stationary although the air 2.简明扼要 that forms them is moving rapidly,are known as \96.One of the primary distinctions between our intelligence with that of 1.常用搭配 other primates may lay not so much in any specific skill but in our ability to The recent surge in the number of surge n./v.激增 A/C当中的to lead和prompts不平行； airplane flights has clogged the nation's air-traffic control clog system,leading to a 55 percent v.阻碍 increase in delays at airports and 平行结构 prompt A/B当中的55 percent more delaysprompting fear among some 措辞 v.促使，推动；不是最简洁的表达；C当中的55 officials that safety is being 鼓励 percent increase in delay不是最简compromised. compromise 洁的表达；D当中的an increase of 55 leading and prompting现在分词引导v.连累，危害，percent in delays繁冗 的结果状语从句 损害 A/B/D当中的are都和单数主语the resulting flow pattern无法一致 The peaks of a mountain range,acting like rocks in a streambed,produce ripples in the air flowing over them；the resulting flow pattern,with crests and troughs that remain stationary although the air that forms them is moving rapidly,is known as \One of the primary distinctions between our intelligence and that of other primates may lie not so much in any specific skill as in our ability to extend knowledge gained in one context to new and different 前后一致 B/E当中although引导的，用被动语态的从句繁冗 ripple v.泛起涟漪 n.波痕 crest n.山顶，顶峰 trough n.波谷，海槽 distinction between?and是习惯搭配，故A/B当中的distinction between?with，错；D当中的distinction?from错；E当中的distinction?of?to，错,而且不是比较结构的常用搭配 措辞 习惯用法 40

GMAT 官方指南 语法解析1 extend knowledge gained in one context to new and different ones. 2.措辞 lay是及物动词，后面必须跟直接宾语，而lie是不及物动词，故A/E中的lay错；D当中没有so much,as引导的比较结构就近比较specfic skill而不是distinction了。 A当中的Schoenberg's 12-tone system无法和后文的Bartok做比较；B当中用and连接了Schoenberg和his 12-tone system无法和后文的Bartok做比较；D当中的the 12-tone system of Schoenberg无法和后文的Bartok作比较；E当中的Schoenberg and the 12-tone system无法和后文的Bartok作比较。 D当中用现在完成时表明过去发生的事情对现在有影响，扭曲了原文的意思；E当中的分词dominating没有修饰的对象。 even though/although/while都引导让步状语从句，表“虽然，尽管，即使”等概念。B当中although引导的让步状语从句和E当中while引导的让步状语从句逻辑意思都是错误的，转折前后的对象不符 C/E当中的现在完成时的被动语态have been first discovered是错误的语态，应该用过去完成时的被动语态，因为行文的事件发生在过去； ones. 97.Unlike Schoenberg's 1.逻辑结构 12-tone system that dominated the music of the postwar period,Bartok founded no school and left behind only a handful of disciples. 2.动词时态 Unlike Schoenberg,whose 12-tone system dominated the music of the postwar period,Bartok founded no school and left behind only a handful of disciples. 逻辑表达 dominate v.支配，左右，影响，统治；占??主要定位 postwar adj.战后的 disciple n.信徒，门徒 98.Even though Clovis points,spear points with 1.逻辑结构 longitudinal grooves chipped onto their faces,have been found all over North America,they are named for the New Mexico site where they were first 2.动词时态 discovered in 1932. Even though Clovis points,spear points with longitudinal grooves chipped onto their faces,have been found all over North America,they are named for the New Mexico site where they were first discovered in 1932. longitudinal 动词形式 groove 纵向修辞结构 槽 chip 逻辑表达 n.碎片，缺口 41

GMAT 官方指南 语法解析1 3.句子结构 B当中的where first discovered是由关系副词where引导的定语从句，where的先行词为New Mexico site,在这个定语从句中没有主语，所以句子结构不完整 D当中的even though和but一起使用，造成繁冗 Ranked as one of the most important of Europe's young playwrights,Franz Xaver Kroetz has written 40 plays；his works-translated into the more than 30 language-are produced more often than those of any other contemporary German dramatist. 4.简明扼要 99.Ranked as one of the most important of Europe's young playwrights,Franz Xaver Kroetz has written 40 plays；his works-translated into 1.逻辑结构 the more than 30 language-are produced more often than any contemporary German dramatist. A/C当中的works不能和dramatist相比较；B当中的works不能和any other dramatist相比较；E当中的more often?as错，应该是more?than结构,而且those of any里就包括Kroetz's works，所以应该用other把Kroetz's work分离出去。 A当中的修饰语位置以及比较结构繁冗而且是无效表达；C当中的although和yet重叠，E当中like the planets,some of which都是繁冗的结构，are in motion用了两次 C当中yet引导的第二个句子没有主语和谓语动词，是不完整的语法结构；E当中第二个句子也没有完整的语法结构 like(介词) + 名词\\名词短语，表示比较；as(连词) + 主谓结构，表示比较，强调动作的相似性；as(介词) + 名词，表示作为。D当中的as在句首加逻辑表达 contemporary adj.当代的，现代的 100.The stars,some of them 1.简明扼要 at tremendous speeds,are in motion just as the planets are,yet being so far away from earth that their apparent positions in the 2.语法结构 sky do not change enough for their movement to be observed during a single human lifetime. 3.常用搭配 Like the planets,the stars are in motion,some of them at tremendous speeds,but they are so far away from earth that their apparent positions in the sky do not change enough for their movement to be observed during a single human lifetime. in motion 在运转中，在开语法结构 动中 修辞结构 tremendous adj.极大的，巨大的 42

GMAT 官方指南 语法解析1 名词表示作为，不表示比较 1.简明扼要 A当中由被动语态引导的句子繁冗而且句意混乱；D整个句子被短语等贯穿，造成了句子繁冗 A当中的it没有明显的指代对象，句子混乱在who is likely to miss this Being heavily committed to a course signs；C当中的it指代不明，因为在of action,especially one that has it和其指示物之间存在太多的名词； worked well in the past,is likely B当中整个句子修饰的对象是to make an executive miss signs of executive，导致了一些关于最初犯错incipient trouble or misinterpret 误的迹象的忽视，但是是谁忽视，句意them when they do appear. 不明，而且句中的when they do appear修饰语的位置错误； D当中的misinterpreting应该和or前的to miss平行 B当中的where there was?that was? 繁冗；C当中的less limited water As rainfall began to decrease in access繁冗 the Southwest about the middle of the twelfth century,most of the C当中的they指代对象不明，可能指Monument Valley Anasazi abandoned 代Anasazi，也有可能指代clans their homes to join other clans less/much修饰不可数名whose access to water was less 词,fewer/many修饰可数名词，在D/Elimited. 当中，limitations是可数名词，应该用fewer修饰，而不是less. commit v.承诺 incipient 修辞结构 adj.开始的，初逻辑表达 期的 misinterpret v.误解，曲解 101.Heavy commitment by an executive to a course of 2.代词指代 action,especially if it has worked well in the past,makes it likely to miss sighs of incipient trouble or misinterpret them when 3.句子结构 they do appear. 3.平行结构 102.As rainfall began to decrease in the Southwest 1.简明扼要 about the middle of the twelfth century,most of the Monument Valley Anasazi 2.代词指代 abandoned their homes to join other clans whose access to water was less 3.词语使用 limited. abandon v.离弃，丢弃，措辞 抛弃 clan 逻辑表达 n.宗族，家族，氏族 43

GMAT 官方指南 语法解析1 103.Yellow jackets number among the 900 or so species 1.代词指代 of the world's social wasps,wasps living in a highly cooperative and 2.句子结构 organized society where they consist almost entirely of females--the queen and her sterile female 3.平行结构 workers. A当中的they指代的是wasps，同时they做consist的主语，但是wasps不能做consist的主语，所以A排除 Yellow jackets number among the 900 or so species of the world's social wasps,wasps that live in a highly wasp cooperative and organized society 习惯搭配 n.黄蜂 C当中的almost all females所修饰consisting almost entirely of 逻辑表达 sterile 的对象不明 females--the queen and her sterile 修辞结构 adj.不生育的，female workers. 不能生殖的 D当中的and it is?不符合平行结构；consisting修饰society，和E当中的and it consist?不符合平行cooperative/organized在语法功能上平行 结构 A当中缺少谓语动词；B当中缺少谓语动词；C当中缺少谓语动词；E/B当中的定语从句的关系副词where不能指代phenomenon 1.句子结构 104.El Nino,the periodic abnormal warming of the sea 2.非谓语动词 surface off Peru,a phenomenon in which changes in the ocean and atmosphere combine allowing the warm 3.动词时态 water that has accumulated in the western Pacific to flow back to the east. 4.简明扼要 El Nino,the periodic abnormal A当中的combine allowing应该改为warming of the sea surface off combine to allow,用不定式表示目的； Peru,is a phenomenon in which B当中的are combining和is changes in the ocean and atmosphere accumulating用现在进行时，对于表combine to allow the warm water 达周期性发生的厄尔尼诺现象不是最that has accumulated in the western 好的时态；E当中的are combining是Pacific to flow back to the east. 错误的动词形式 C当中的and which allows导致句子难以理解；E当中的句子各部分关系难以理解 periodic adj.周期的，定语法结构 期的 abnormal 逻辑表达 adj.反常的，异常的 44

GMAT 官方指南 语法解析1 105.Beatrix Potter,in her book 1.句子结构 illustrations,carefully coordinating them with her narratives,capitalized on her keen observation and love of the natural world. 2.动词时态 A当中现在分词、E当中的过去分词无法更好地修饰先行的book illustrations；B当中的carefully coordinating在语法上修饰的是book illustrations，修饰对象错误；D当中的carefully coordinated修饰的是illustration,修饰对象错误；E当中的and改变了句子结构，表达不清 A当中的coordinating，和谓语动词capitalized在动作上的先后关系不明，时态应一致； A当中名词化的主语conception造成句子繁冗；B当中的which的先行词不明，而且整句话繁冗；E当中的other than what it is繁冗，而且涵盖了后文的precisely the opposite的意思 In her book illustrations,which she carefully coordinated with her narratives,Beatrix Potter capitalized on her keen observation and love of the natural world. illustration n.插图，图解 narrative 逻辑表达 n.叙述部分 修辞结构 capitalize v.充分利用某事物 106.Marconi's conception of the radio was as a 1.简明扼要 substitute for the telephone,a tool for private conversation；instead,it is precisely the opposite,a tool for 2.常用搭配 communicating with a large,public audience. 107.Originally developed for detecting air pollutants,a technique called proton-indeced 1.句子结构 X-ray emission,which can quickly analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance without

Marconi conceived of the radio as a tool for private conversation that could substitute for the telephone；instead,it has become precisely the opposite,a tool for conceive of?as,把??想象成??， communicating with a large,public audience. E当中的conceived of?to be错 B当中主语的位置不明，事实上，having?这第二个修饰语，修饰的是第一个修饰语，结构错误；C/D/E当中的called proton-induced X-ray emission应该跟在主语a technique之后，而且which引导的非限定性定语从句修饰的是先行词emission,修饰对象错误； Originally developed for detecting air pollutants,a technique called proton-indeced X-ray emission,which can quickly analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance without destroying it,is finding uses in medicine,archaeology,and 修辞结构 conceived of 逻辑表达 想象，设想 修辞结构 detect v.发现，发觉，查明 criminology n.犯罪学 45

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