2011年考研英语模拟测试题及参考答案四

2011年考研英语模拟测试题及参考答案四

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2010-12-09 来源：中国教育在线

Section Ⅰ Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

All Sumerian cities recognized a number of gods in common, including the sky god, the lord of storms, and the morning and evening star.__1__the Sumerian worshipped the goddess of fertility, love, and war, she was evidently lower__2__status than the male gods, indicating that in a more urbanized society the__3__that the peoples of previous times had paid to the earth mother goddess had__4__. The gods seemed hopelessly violent and __5__, and one’s life a period of slavery at their easy will. The epic poem The Creation emphasizes that__6__were created to enable the gods to__7__ up working. Each city moreover had its own god, who was considered to__8__ the temple literally and who was in theory the owner of all property within the city.__9__the priests who interpreted the will of the god and controlled the__10__ of the economic produce of the city were favored__11__ their supernatural and material functions __12__. When, after 3,000 B. C., growing warfare among the cities made military leadership__13__, the head of the army who became king assumed a(n)__14__position between the god, whose agent he was, and the priestly class, whom he had both to use and to __15__. Thus king and priests represented the upper class in a hierarchical society.__16__them were the scribes, the secular attendants of the temple, who__17__every aspect of the city’s economic life and who developed a rough judicial system.__18__the temple officials,

society was divided among an elite or__19__ group of large landowners and military leaders; a mixed group of merchants, artisans, and craftsmen, free peasants who__20__ the majority of the population; and slaves.

1. ［A］ Unless ［B］ As ［C］ Lest ［D］ Although 2. ［A］ on ［B］ in ［C］ with ［D］ about

3. ［A］ worship ［B］ reverence ［C］ admiration ［D］ gratitude 4. ［A］ vanished ［B］ recovered ［C］ declined ［D］ attained 5. ［A］ unpredictable［B］ unforgivable［C］ unlimited ［D］ unlikely 6. ［A］ creatures ［B］ animals ［C］ men ［D］ mortals 7. ［A］ use ［B］ turn ［C］ give ［D］ back 8. ［A］ inhabit ［B］ live ［C］ reside ［D］ lodge

9. ［A］ Hence ［B］ Thereafter ［C］ Somehow ［D］ Incidentally 10. ［A］ introduction［B］ transaction ［C］ distribution［D］ provision 11. ［A］ as ［B］ for ［C］ under ［D］ of

12. ［A］ along ［B］ anyway ［C］ afterwards ［D］ alike 13. ［A］ additional ［B］ vital ［C］ singular ［D］ exceptional

14. ［A］ alternative ［B］ secondary ［C］ intermediate［D］ fundamental 15. ［A］ pacify ［B］ tempt ［C］ suppress ［D］ manipulate 16. ［A］ Beside ［B］ Beyond ［C］ Below ［D］ Before 17. ［A］ supervised ［B］ held ［C］ managed ［D］ presided 18. ［A］ Around ［B］ Under ［C］ Above ［D］ Outside 19. ［A］ leading ［B］ noble ［C］ controlling ［D］ principal 20. ［A］ consist ［B］ compose ［C］ compile ［D］ consume 答案

1. D 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. D 7.C 8.A 9. A 10. C 11. B 12. D 13.B 14.C 15. A 16. C 17. A 18. D 19. B 20. B 总体分析

本文介绍了苏美尔人对神的崇拜及由此引起的社会阶层的划分。第一句至第四句为一个意群，主要介绍了苏美尔人对神的崇拜，以及神凌驾于人之上。第五句至倒数第二句为一个意群，介绍了由于对神的崇拜而出现的社会上层阶层及其职能。末句附带说明了在宗教体系之外的社会阶层。 试题精解

1.［精解］ 本题考查逻辑词。空格处填入的连词出现在句首，说明空格所在分句与下文之间的逻辑关系。选项中，unless表条件，意为“除非”；as作连词，表时间或原因，意为“当??时；因为，由于”；lest表目的，意为“惟恐，以免”，如He emphasized it again and again, lest she should forget.（他反复强调这一点，免得她忘了。）although表让步，意为“虽然，尽管”。根据文意，“苏美尔人崇拜代表繁衍、爱和战争的女神”与“她在地位上却明显低于男性的神”之间存在转折关系，因此选［D］。

2．［精解］ 本题考查介词用法辨析。空格所在部分存在一个形容词的比较级，即，lower than... 。空格处的介词和status搭配，表示“在地位方面”。in常用在形容词后，表示“在??方面”，如She was not lacking in courage.（她并不缺乏勇气。）a country rich in minerals（矿藏丰富的国家）。因此［B］in为正确项。

其它选项都可与形容词连用。on表示“影响到”，如He’s hard on his kids.（他对自己的孩子很严厉。）with表示“关于，对于”，如Be careful with the glasses.（小心这些玻璃杯。）Are you pleased with the result?（你对结果满意吗？）with也可表示“因为，由于”，如His fingers were numb with cold.（他的手指冻僵了。）about表示“关于，对于”，如

What’s she so angry about?（她为什么生这么大的气？）

3．［精解］ 本题考查名词词义辨析。空格所在部分为分词结构，作状语，即，indicating that... 。其中that引导宾语从句，空格处填入的名词为从句的主语。该名词后又跟有that引导的定语从句：that the peoples... goddess。将空格处的名词，即that代替的先行词放回定语从句，其完整结构是：the peoples of previous times had paid3 to the earth mother goddess。选项中四个名词为近义词，worship意为“崇拜，敬仰”；reverence意为“尊敬，崇敬”；admiration意为“钦佩，赞赏，羡慕”；gratitude“感谢”。从含义上看，人类对神应该是“崇拜”或“崇敬”，因此［A］和［B］比较恰当。其次，句中的搭配是pay sth. to sb.，表示“付出某事物给某人”。常用于这种搭配的是reverence及其同义词respect，pay reverence/respect to意为“尊敬，向??致敬”。因此本题应选［B］。

4．［精解］ 本题考查动词词义辨析。由上一题的分析可知，indicating后是that引导的宾语从句，其主语是the reverence，本题空格处填入的动词是其谓语。由于需要的是一个不及物动词，首先排除［D］ attain，它只能作及物动词，必须接宾语，意为“达到，获得”，如attain my purpose（达到我的目的）。其它选项：vanish意为“消失”；recover意为“恢复，复原”；decline意为“减少，下降，衰弱”。由上文可知，苏美尔人崇拜女神，但她的地位低于男性的神。可见，这种崇拜已经减少。因此［C］为正确答案。

5．［精解］ 本题考查形容词词义辨析。空格处填入的形容词与violent并列，说明神的特点。unpredictable意为“不可预知的，捉摸不定的”；unforgivable意为“不可原谅的”；unlimited意为“无限的，不受限制的”；unlikely意为“不太可能的”。下文and连接的并列分句是对空格所在分句的解释：人的一生将是任他们摆布的被奴役的一生。导致这种结果的特点应该是“捉摸不定的”，因此［A］为正确项。

补充：one是泛指代词，指“任何一个人”。at will“任意，随意”，如They were able to come and go at will.（他们能够来去自由。）

6．［精解］ 本题考查名词词义辨析。上文提到，神使人的一生成为任他们摆布和奴役的一生。空格所在分句则从《创世记》找到证据支持上文中的观点，因此该句的内容仍然是关

于神和人的关系。空格处应填入表示“人类”的名词。creature意为“生物”，指人时多带有感情色彩，指具有某种特征的人，如You pathetic creature!（你这可怜的家伙！）animals意为“动物”。men是man的复数形式，意为“男人们”，指人类时应用其单数形式man，如the damage caused by man to the environment（人类给环境带来的破坏）。mortal作形容词时，意为“终将死亡的”；作名词时，意为“凡人，普通人”。因此本题应选［D］mortals。

7．［精解］ 本题考查短语动词辨析。空格处填入的动词与副词up搭配构成短语动词。use up意为“用完，耗尽”，如He used up all the money.（他把所有的钱都花光了。）turn up意为“开大（音量、热量等）；找到，发现”，如The farmer turned up a human skull while ploughing the field.（那个农民犁地时挖出一个人类的头颅骨。）give up意为“放弃”，常接动名词作宾语，如give up smoking（戒烟）。back up意为“支持，援助”，如The rebels backed up their demands with threats.（反叛者以恐吓手段要挟。）根据上下文意，神奴役人类，人被创造出来后神就不用再劳动。因此［C］正确。

8．［精解］ 本题考查动词词义辨析。空格处填入动词，其宾语是the temple（庙宇），其逻辑主语是who替代的名词god（神）。选项中的四个动词为近义词，都可表示“居住”，但能够作及物动词的只有［A］inhabit，它意为“居住在，栖息于”，如Some of the rare species inhabit the area.（一些罕见物种生活在这个地区。）因此［A］是正确项。

其它项意为“居住”时都只能作不及物动词，如live in a house（住在一所房子里）。This family has resided in this city for 60 years.（这个家族住在本城已有60年了。）I lodged at a friend’s house.（我寄住在一个朋友家里。）live也可作及物动词，但意为“（以某种方式）生活，过日子”，如She lived a peaceful life.（她过着十分宁静的生活。）

9．［精解］ 本题考查逻辑词辨析。空格处填入的副词出现在句首，表示空格所在分句与上文的逻辑关系。Hence表示因果关系，意为“因此，所以”，如My mother is by herself; hence I must go home now.（我母亲一个人在家待着，所以我现在得回家了。）Thereafter表示时间关系，意为“其后，从那时以后”，如You will be accompanied as far as the border;

It was the biggest scientific grudge match since the space race. The Genome Wars had everything：two groups with appealing leaders ready to fight in a scientific dead heat, pushing the limits of technology and rhetoric as they battled to become the first to read every last one of the 3 billion DNA “letters” in the human body. The scientific importance of the work is unquestionable. The completed DNA sequence is expected to give scientists unprecedented insights into the workings of the human body, revolutionizing medicine and biology. But the race itself, between the government’s Human Genome Project and Rockville, Md., biotechnology company Celera Genomics, was at least partly symbolic, the public/private conflict played out in a genetic lab.

Now the race is over. After years of public attacks and several failed attempts at reconciliation, the two sides are taking a step toward a period of calm. HGP head Francis Collins (and Ari Patrinos of the Department of Energy, an important ally on the government side) and Craig Venter, the founder of Celera, agreed to hold a joint press conference in Washington this Monday to declare that the race was over (sort of), that both sides had won (kind of) and that the hostilities were resolved (for the time being). No one is exactly sure how things will be different now. Neither side will be turning off its sequencing machines any time soon—the “finish lines” each has crossed are largely arbitrary points, “first drafts” rather than the definitive version. And while the joint announcement brings the former Genome Warriors closer together than they’re been in years, insiders say that future agreements are more likely to take the form of coordination, rather than outright collaboration.

The conflict blew up, this February when Britain’s Wellcome Trust, an HGP participant, released a confidential letter to Celera outlining the HGP’s complaints. Venter called the move “a lowlife thing to do.” But by spring, there were the first signs of a thaw. “The attacks and nastiness are bad for science and our investors,” Venter told Newsweek in

March, “and fighting back is probably not helpful.” At a cancer meeting earlier this month, Venter and Collins praised each other’s approaches, and expressed hope that all of the scientists involved in sequencing the human genome would be able to share the credit. By late last week, that hope was becoming a reality as details for Monday’s joint announcement were hammered out. Scientists in both camps welcomed an end to the hostilities. “If this ends the horse race, science wins.” With their difference behind them, or at least set aside, the scientists should now be able to get down to the interesting stuff: figuring how to make use of all that data.

1. The recent Genome Wars were symbolic of _____. ［A］ the enthusiasm in scientific research ［B］ the significance of the space race ［C］ the public versus private conflict

［D］ the prospect of the completion of DNA sequence

2. The tone of the author in reporting the joint press conference this Monday is _____. ［A］ astonished ［B］ enthusiastic ［C］ disappointed ［D］ objective 3. It is implied in the third paragraph that _____.

［A］ the “finish lines” refers to completion of DNA research. ［B］ former Genome Warriors will never fight again. ［C］ the former warriors are now collaborators ［D］ both sides will still work on independently

4. The word “thaw”(Line 3, Paragraph 4) most probably means _____ . ［A］ aggravation of tension ［B］ improvement in relation ［C］ intensification in attacks ［D］ ending of coordination

5. The critical issue facing the scientists is to _____.

［A］ apply the newly-found knowledge to the benefit of mankind ［B］ end their horse race for the success of science ［C］ get down to their genome research ［D］ set their differences aside

答案

1.C 2.D 3.D 4.B 5.A 总体分析

本文介绍了基因组测序过程中两个科研机构之间的分歧与合作。 第一段：介绍了基因组之战的参战方，斗争的内容及其象征意义。

第二、三段：介绍了现在的和平阶段并对这次的和解发表评论。双方将通过共同召开记者招待会来宣布和解，但这次和解对他们之间的关系不一定会带来实质性的变化。

第四段：回顾了双方由矛盾爆发到走向和解的过程，并指出了他们下一步面临的关键问题。 试题精解

1.最近的基因组之战象征______。 ［A］ 对科学研究的热情 ［B］ 星球大战的重要性 ［C］ 公私矛盾

［D］ DNA测序结束的前景

［精解］ 本题考查事实细节。文章首段最后一句话说：政府的人类基因组项目与塞莱拉基因公司之间的竞争至少具有部分的象征意义——公私矛盾在基因实验室上演。［C］项是对

该句的改写，是正确项。［A］项是文中没有涉及的问题。文章首句提到了星球大战，是为了说明基因之战的激烈性，与它的象征意义无关，［B］项不能选。［D］项也与“基因组之战”无关。

2.作者在报导本周一的记者招待会时的语气是 _____。

［A］ 惊讶的 ［B］ 充满热情的 ［C］ 失望的 ［D］ 客观的

［精解］ 本题考查推理引申。第二段最后一句是对周一记者招待会的具体报导。作者在正文中是直接引用会议中两方的声明，而为了说明真实情况保持客观性，作者在括号中用了一系列表程度的词加以限制，所以［D］项正确。全文作者只是在客观地介绍一种现象，没有表现出其他项所说的“惊讶”、“热情”或“失望”。 3.第三段暗示_____。

［A］ “终点线”指DNA研究的结束 ［B］ 以前的基因勇士们将永远不会再对抗了 ［C］ 以前的勇士现在是合作伙伴 ［D］ 双方将仍然继续独立地工作

［精解］ 本题考查推理引申。第三段最后一句提到：尽管共同宣言使以前的基因勇士们比几年来都更加亲密，内部人士说未来达成的共识可能更多采取协调的形式，而不是直接的合作。［D］项所述内容是该句的言外之意。

由第三段的第二句话可知 finish line指基因测序工程基本完成，但所得结果只是初稿，还不是最终的确定版本，所以研究还要继续，［A］项错误。该段首句说：没人确定现在情形与以前有何不同。可见，他们以后会不会再起烽烟是不确定的事，所以［B］项错误。［C］项与［D］项相反，由对［D］项的分析，可知［C］项错误。 4.“thaw”这个词最有可能意为 _____。

［A］ 紧张形势的恶化 ［B］ 关系改进 ［C］ 攻击更加激烈 ［D］ 停止协作

［精解］ 本题考查词义的理解。第四段开始讲到矛盾的爆发。第三句but转折指出，...there

were the first signs of a thaw，下文又以塞莱拉公司创始人认为对抗不好的讲话和一次癌症会议上双方的互相称赞为例，对该句话进行论证。可见他们的关系是改善了，所以［B］项正确。单词thaw意为“解冻”，与［B］项一致。其他项均是说不好的方面，与文意不符。 5.科学家们面临的最紧迫的事情是要_____。 ［A］ 把新发现的知识用来为人类服务 ［B］ 为了科学的胜利结束他们之间的竞争 ［C］ 潜心进行他们的基因组研究 ［D］ 将他们的分歧先搁置到一边

［精解］ 本题考查事实细节。文章最后一句话提到，现在把分歧抛在了背后，或者至少暂时放在了一边，科学家们应该能够开始好好研究这个有趣的问题了：考虑怎样利用那些数据。 ［A］项与该句同义，正确。［D］项是已经做到的事情，不能选。现阶段敌对已经结束，基因测序也已完成，所以［B］、［C］项都不再是迫切需要做的事情。

核心词汇或超纲词汇

(1)grudge（n.）忌恨，妒忌（v.）嫉妒；吝惜，不愿意给或承认~ the tuition money不愿付学费

(2)genome（n.）基因组，染色体组 (3)dead beat胜负不分的赛跑或竞赛，平局

(4)reconciliation（n.）调解，调和；和谐，一致；reconcile（v.）调和，调停；使和解；（to）使接受be ~ed to the loss of his wife接受了丧妻的事实；（with）使符合，使一致~ their words with their actions使他们的言行一致

(5)hostility（n.）敌意，敌对，反对；（复数形式）战斗，战争

(6)arbitrary（a.）任意的，武断的；独裁的，专断的；arbitrate（v.）作出公断，仲裁 (7)thaw（n.）解冻，解冻期（v.）融化，解冻；(态度、感情等)趋于和缓

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