八年级下册形容词副词的比较级和最高级(可编辑修改word版)

形容词副词专题复习

教

学

设

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太和县洪ft镇中心学校：高波

2017.5

中考英语语法精讲：形容词和副词

【教学目标】

掌握形容词和副词的位置，基本用法和比较等级

【教学内容】

I.形容词：表示人和事物的特征，对名词起修饰和描绘作用

（1）形容词的位置：

1．形容词在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语等，作定语时一般放在名词前。

eg. She has short hair．(作定语)

Paul is tall．(作表语)

We must keep our room clean．(作宾补)

2．形容词修饰不定代词时放在其后。

eg.She has something important to tell

us．There’s nothing wrong in the

sentence．

（2）形容词作定语通常前置，但在有些情况下后置，如下表：

修饰some, any, every, no 和body, thing, one

nobody absent, everything possible 等构成的复合不定代词时

代词

数词 性状形容词

冠词

冠词前指示代词

大小

性质

新旧

国籍

材料

的形容不定代词 词

代词所有 序数词基数词 长短

颜色

状态

温度

产地

质地

形状

格

名词

the

all

a

[second

beautiful large new

both

[one

black

Chinese silk

this next

good

short

[four

yellow London stone

another

poor

square

cool

such

your

以-able, -ible 结尾的形容词可置于有最高级或

only 修饰的名词之后

the best book available, the only

solution possible

alive, alike, awake, aware, asleep 等可以后置

the only person awake

和空间、时间、单位连用时

a bridge 50 meters long

成对的形容词可以后置

a huge room simple and beautiful

形容词短语一般后置

a man difficult to get on with

（3） 多个形容词修饰同一个名词的顺序：

（4） 有关形容词的重要考点：

（一）形容词修饰 something, anything, nothing, 或由 some, any, no 构成的不定代词时，把形容词后置。

1.---Mum, Bill is coming to dinner this evening. ---OK, Let’s give him to eat.

A.something different

B. different anything

C. anything different

D. different something

2.---Will you please tell me in your city?---With pleasure. I think Wu Quan Park is worth visiting.

A.interesting somewhere

B. somewhere interesting

C. anywhere interesting

D. interesting anywhere

（二）形容词作表语，放在系动词be, look, taste, smell, sound, get, become, turn, keep, seem 后作表语。

注意：taste, smell, sound+good.

1.---John looks so today because she got an “A” in her maths test.

A.happy

B. happily

C. angry

D. angrily

2.Don’t eat the food. It smells . A. badly B. bad C. good D. well

3.---I’m afraid that I have a bad cold. ---Take the medicine and you’ll feel.

A.health

B. best

C. good

D. better

4.The pears taste and sell .

A.well, good

B. well, well

C. good, well

D. good, good

（三）形容词作keep, make, leave 的宾语补足语。

1.Tom, you must keep your room .

A.to tidy

B. tidying

C. tidy

2.We should keep our eyes while doing eye exercise

A.close

B. closed

C. open

D. opened

（四）exciting, interesting, surprising, amazing, ---ing 修饰物

excited, interested, surprised, amazed, ---ed 修饰人

1.Oct 15th was one of days in 2003. The Shen zhou-V was sent up successfully.

A.exciting

B. more exciting

C. the most exciting

D. much exciting

2.Harry Potter is an book for children, but my cousin doesn’t seem at all in it.

A.interesting, interesting

B. interesting, interested

C. interested, interesting

（五）形、副的比较级前可加much 多；a little 一点；a lot 多；a bit 一点；even 甚至，更加；far 多；等起修饰作用。

1.The experiment was easier than we had expected.

A.more

B. much more

C. much

D. more much

2.The air in Beijing is getting much now than a few years ago.

A.clean

B. cleaner

C. cleanest

D. the cleanest

3.This year our school is than it was last year.

A.much more beautiful

B. much beautiful

C. the most beautiful

D. beautiful

（六）形容词“越来越”的表达：

a.单音节词：warmer and warmer, colder and colder.

b.多音节词前加more and more buantiful, more and more difficult

c.the+比较级+句子.

1.Beijing is becoming and .

A. more beautiful, more

B. beautiful, beautiful

C. more, more beautiful

D. more beautiful, more beautiful

2.Remember boys and girls. you work, result you will get.

A.The better, the harder

B. The harder, . the better

C. The harder, the good

3.When winter comes, the days get .

A.short and short

B. shorter and shorter

C. long and long

D. longer and longer

（七）enough 修饰形、副时把enough 后置：

1.---Mum, I think I’m to get back to school. ---You’d better stay at home for another day or two.

A. so well

B. so good

C. well enough

D. good enough

（八）one of+形容词最高级+复数；the+序数词+形容词最高级+名词

1.Paris is one of cities in the world.

A.more beautifully

B. more beautiful

C. the most beautiful

D. the most beautifully

2.Who is the student in your class?

A.third tallest

B. third tall

C. three short

D. third short

（九）good. well. fine. nice 的区别：

1.good 作表语、定语。表示人品好或东西好。

2.well 形，只作表语（身体好）。副，作状语（好）。

3.fine 天气好。

4.nice 令人喜悦的“人”。

（十）sick 和ill 都可以作表语，作定语时只用sick，不用ill。

The sick man is his uncle. He has been ill for two days.

（5）．基础知识：

作用：1. 作定语用于名词前（对照：副词作状语用于动词后）

Country music is a kind of sweet music.

2.作表语：It looks good.

3.作宾补：Don’t make your parent a ngry. who has left the door open?

形容词前加the 表一类人，谓语用复数

the old, the young, the rich, the poor, the sick 病人, the wounded 伤员

形容词前的修饰词的顺序：

a(an)+修饰性形容词+size+shape+age+colour+出处+材料+用途+中心词

名词变形容词：

1.天气：cloud(y), sun(ny), wind(y), ice(y)

2.称谓：friend(ly), mother(ly), brother(ly)

3.表情感：care (ful), hope(ful), use(ful), luck(y) health(y), noise(y), care(less), hope(less). 形容词比较级：

1.标志than

2.比较的对象一致：My pencil is longer than yours.

Bill runs faster than any other student in his class.

3.一般加er, est

4.以不发音e 结尾加r, st

5.双写：thin-thinner-thinnest, hot-hotter-hottest, fat-fatter-fattest

6.辅音字母+y 的变y 为i+er, est easy-easier-easiest

7.双音节词加more, the most difficult-more difficult-most difficult.

8.以后缀-ful 结尾的形容词加more, the most useful-more useful–the most useful

9.不规则：good/well-better, best；bad, ill/badly-worse, worst；many, much-more, most；little- less-least；far-farther-farthest。

形容词最高级：1. 标志：in (后不同类)；of (后同类) 2. 加est。

（6)复合形容词的构成：

形容词+名词+ed kind-hearted 6 名词+形容词world-famous

形容词+形容词dark-blue 7 名词+现在分词peace-loving

形容词+现在分词ordinary-looking 8 名词+过去分词snow-covered

副词+现在分词hard-working 9 数词+名词+ed three-egged

副词+过去分词newly-built 10 数词+名词twenty-year

II.副词

副词起修饰动词，形容词，其他副词或全句的作用，表示时间，地点，程度，方式或性质等。

1.副词的种类

(1)时间副词

①表示大体时间：now，then，yesterday，today，tonight，before，justnow，recently，sO

faf

②表示频率：always，usually，often，sometimes．seldom，never

③其它作用：already，yet，l ate，early，soon，at once，immediately，atfirst，at last，finally

(2)地点副词

①表地点：

here，there，home，abroad，upstairs，downstairs，anywhere，everywhere，nowhere，somewhere

②表位置关系(后接宾语时，用作介词)：

above，below，round，around，down，up，in，out，inside，outside，across，back，along，over，away，near，off,past

(3)方式副词表示谓语动词“怎样地”，(此类副词大部分由形容词加ly 构成)：badly，bravely，gratefully，calmly，carefully，carelessly，nervously，proudly，patiently，politely，sadly，properly，rapidly，wrongly，suddenly

(4)程度副词多数用来修饰形容词或副词：much，(a)little，a bit，very，sO，too，enough，quite,rather，completely，terribly，deeply，nearly，almost，hardly

(5)疑问副词构成特殊疑问句：how，when, where，why

(6)连接副词连接主语、宾语或表语从句：how，when，where，why

(7)关系副词引导定语从句：when，where ，why

(8)其它性质的副词对整个句子进行说明，一般用逗号与主句隔开：frankly(坦率地说，说真的)，generally(一般说来)，luckily(幸运地是)，first of all(首先)等。

2.副词的用法及位置

(1)修饰动词作状语

①多数位于动词之后，及物动词的宾语或介问的宾语之后。

eg．The farmers are worki ng hard in the

field．She speaks English well．

The nurse looks after the babies carefully．

②频度副词放在动词前，情态动词和助动词之后。

eg．He always goes to school On

foot．She was often late for school．

I have never been to Beijing·

(2)修饰形容词作状语，放在形容词前。

eg．He has a very nice watch．

The box is too heavy.

(3)修饰另一副词作状语，放在另一副词前。

eg．She paints quite well．

You speak too fast．I can’t understand

you．(4)作表语，放在系动词后。

eg．Is anybody in?

(5)作宾语补足语，放在宾语之后。

eg．I saw him out just now．

(6)作定语，放在名词之后。

eg．There is a man：here On vacation．

(7)疑问副词、修饰整个句子的副词以及perhaps，first，sometimes，finally 等副词，一般放在句首。

eg．Finally，I finished the

work．Perhaps he’s watching TV at

home．

(8)表示程度的副词一般放在被修饰词前，而enough 则放在它所修饰的词后。

eg. He is old enough to go to

school．3.某些副词在用法上的区

别

（1）already, yet, still

already 表示某事物已经发生，主要用于肯定句；yet 表示期待某事发生，主要用于否定句和疑

问句；still 表示某事还在进行，主要用于肯定句和疑问句，有时也可用于否定句。如：

We've already watched that film.

I haven't finished my homework yet.

He still works until late every night.

（2）too, as well, also, either

too, as well 和also 用于肯定句和疑问句，too 和as well 多用于口语，一般放在句末，而also 多用于书面语，一般放在句中与动词连用。either 用于否定句和否定的疑问句，往往放在句末。如：He went there too.

He didn't go there either.

I like you as well.

I also went there.

(3)hard, hardly

hardly 意为"几乎"与hard 在词义上完全不同。如：

I work hard every day.

I can hardly remember that.

(4)late, lately

lately 意为"最近、近来"，late 意为"晚、迟"。如：

He never comes late.

Have you been to the museum lately?

III.形容词和副词的比较等级

1．比较级、最高级的构成

(1)单音节和少数双音节词

①一般在词尾加er 或est

great--greater——greatest，young——younger——youngest，slow→slower→slowest

②以e 结尾的只加r 或st

nice——nicer --- n icest，large——larger—largest．

③以辅音字母加y 结尾的，先变y 为i，再加er 或est

heavy——heavier——heaviest，easy——easier——>easiest，busy——busier——busiest，funny——funnier——+funniest，early——earlier→earliest

④以重读闭音节结尾的词，先双写最末的一个辅音字母，再加er 或est big——bigger——biggest，thin——thinner——>thinnest，fat—)fatter→fattest，ht—)fitter→fittest

(2)多音节和部分双音节词，前加more 为比较级，加(the)most 为最高级

careful→more careful——most careful useful—

—more useful——most useful popular→more

popular→most popular carelessly——more

carelessly——most carelessly (3)不规则变化的

词

good／well→better→best bad

／ill／badly→worse→worst

many／much→more→most

little→less→least

old→older／elder→oldest(指年龄大小)／eldest(指长幼顺序)

far→farther／further→farthest(指距离)／furthest(指程度)

2．形容词和副词比较级、最高级的用法

(1)形容词和副词比较级的用法

①用于两者比较，表示“比…更…”：

“A+系动词+形容词比较级+than+B，

eg．I am two years older than my little sister．

“A+谓语动词+副词比较级+than+Ｂ：

eg．She gets to school earlier than the other students．

②用于两者之间的同级比较，表示“…和…一样”：

“A+系动词+as+形容词原级+as+B，

eg.Bill is as funny as his

father．“A+谓语动词+as+副词原

级+as+B”eg.Lucy speaks Chinese as

well as Lily.

③表示甲在某方面不如乙：

“A+系动词+notas／so+形容i 司原级+as 十B”

eg．These books aren’t as interesting as those．

“A+助动词／情态动词+not+谓语动词+aS／SO+B”

eg．She didn’t sing sO well that night as she usually does．

④表示某个范围内的两者相比：

“A 十动词十the+比较级+of 短语(比较范围)”eg．Penny is the taller of the two girls．Penny 是这两个女孩中较高的一个。

⑤表示“越来越…”：“比较级+and+比较级”

eg．In spring the days are getting longer and longer．在春天，白天变得越来越长。

⑥表示“越…越…”：“the+比较级…the+比较级”

eg．The mort：you practice using English，the better you’ll learn it 你英语练得越多，就会学得

越好。

①可以用much，far，even，a bit，a little，a lot 等修饰比较级表示程度，但决不可用very 修饰。

eg．Tom is a little taller than Mike．Tom 比Mike 稍高一点；

it is even colder today than yesterday。今天甚至比昨天更冷

⑧在比较级中，为了避免重复，可用that 或those 代替前面提到过的事情。

eg．The weather here is much hotter than that Ofour hometown．这儿比我的老家热得多。

The pants in this shop are a lot better than those in that shop.这家商店的裤子比那家商店的裤子质

量好得多。

(3)形容词和副词最高级的用法

对三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时用最高级。形容词最高级前面要加定冠词the，副词最

高级前可加the，也可省掉the；后面可带of／in 短浯来说明比较范围：

“主语+系动词+the+形容词最高级+of 短语／in 短语”

eg．She is the youngest Of all．

“A+谓语动词+(the)+最高级+of 短语／in 短语”

eg．Linda draws most carefully in her class．

典型例题分析：

例1 Tom's father thinks he is already

A high enough

B tall enough

C enough high C enough tall

解析：该题正确答案是B。修饰人高用tall, 而建筑物的高用high,并且enough 修饰形容词要放

在形容词后面。因此该题选B。

例2 the worse I seem to be.

A When I take more medicine

B The more medicine I take

C Taking more of the medicine

D More medicine taken

解析：该题正确答案为B。"the+形容词比较级+… , the +形容词比较级+…"意为越…，越…。该句意为：吃的药越多，我的病越是加重。

例3"I haven't been to London yet".

"I haven't been there ".

A too

B also

C either

D neither

解析：该题正确答案为C。A 和B 都用于肯定句中。D-neither 本身意为否定"两者都不"，而

C-either 则用于否定句中，意为"也"。

例4 Mr Smith was moved at the news.

A deep

B deeply

C very deep

D quite deeply

解析：该题正确答案为B。A. deep 用于副词时，修饰具体的深，如dig deep,而B-deeply 则修饰表示感情色彩的词，如该题为deeply moved.另如deeply regret 等。而D-quite 和deeply 均为副词，不能互相修饰。

【课内检测】详见导学案

【作业布置】

1.完成本节课的《同步练习》

2.预习下一讲的导学案。

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