大学体验英语第三册作业题及参考答案

大学体验英语第三册作业题

作业题一

Part I. Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)

Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:

At this time the state of South Carolina was having hard times. Year after year the soil had been planted to the same crop. It was farmed by uneducated and careless slaves, and the planters knew little about soil conservation. Because the soil was beginning to wear out, crops were smaller. The younger people were not satisfied to raise cotton on the poor soil of the old South. Many of them moved westward and started cotton plantations in Alabama and Mississippi. Moreover, so much cotton had been shipped to factories in England and New England that they had as much cotton as they could use. This brought the price of cotton down. More and more slaves were needed to work on the new and larger plantations, and higher and higher prices were demanded for them. Planters found their expenses rising and their incomes from the sale of cotton reduced. Hard times had come to South Carolina.

1. The best title of this passage is ______. A) Ignorance of Planters About Farming B) Economic Rivalry in the South

C) Deterioration of the Soil in South Carolina D) Economic Difficulties of South Carolina

2. Which of the following sentences can best summarize the main idea of the passage?

A) Hard times had come to South Carolina planters.

B) Planters found their expenses rising and their incomes from the sale of cotton reduced.

C) Year after year the soil of South Carolina had been planted with the same crop.

D) Because the soil was beginning to wear out, crops were smaller. 3. In discussing the economy of South Carolina, one of the author's assumptions is that the reader understands ______.

A) the lack of knowledge on the part of planters and slaves B) farming methods in use at the time C) the law of supply and demand D) why more slaves were needed

4. Plantations grew in size in South Carolina mainly because ______. A) demand for cotton had decreased B) planters grew rich C) places had to be found for young people D) soil was less productive

5. The fact that cotton prices were falling is mentioned by the author to show that ______.

A) cotton shipments should have been regulated B) poorer soil produced poorer quality crops C) the planters were having hard times

D) there were reasons why young people moved westward Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:

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A unique laboratory at the University of Chicago is busy only at night. It is a dream laboratory where researchers are at work studying dreamers. Their findings have revealed that everyone dreams from three to seven times a night, although in ordinary life a person may remember none or only one of his dreams. While the subjects--usually students--are asleep, special machines record their brain waves and eye movements as well as the body movements that signal the end of a dream. Surprisingly, all subjects sleep soundly.

Observers report that a person usually moves his body restlessly before a dream. Once the dream has started, his body relaxes and his eyes become more active, as if the curtain had gone up on a show. As soon as the machine indicates that the dream is over, a buzzer wakens the sleeper. He sits up, records his dream, and goes back to sleep--perhaps to dream some more.

Researchers have found that if the dreamer is wakened immediately after his dream, he can usually recall the entire dream. If he is allowed to sleep even five more minutes, his memory of the dream will have faded.

6. According to the passage, researchers at the University of Chicago are studying ______.

A) the content of dreams B) the meaning of dreams C) the process of sleeping D) dreamers while they dream 7. Their findings have revealed that ______.

A) everyone dreams every night B) dreams are easily remembered C) dreams are likely to be frightening D) persons dream only one dream a night

8. Just before a dream a sleeper will usually ______. A) relax B) lie perfectly

C) give an uneasy movement D) make more eye movements 9. In the dream laboratory, the dreamers are recorded _______. A) as soon as the students wake in the morning B) at stated intervals during the night

C) about five minutes after the end of each dream D) immediately after each dream

10. A person is most likely to remember the dream that _______. A) is of most interest to him

B) occurs immediately after he goes to sleep C) occurs just before he wakes up D) both A) and B)

Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:

The existence of oil wells has been well known for a long time. Some of the Indians of North America used to collect and sell the oil from the wells of Pennsylvania. No one, however, seems to have realized the importance of this oil until it was found that paraffin-oil could be made from it; this led to the development of the wells and to the making of enormous profits. When the internal combustion engine was invented, oil became of world-wide importance.

What was the origin of the oil which now drives our motor-cars and aircraft? Scientists are confident about the formation of coal, but they do not seem so sure when asked about oil. They think that the oil under the surface of the earth originated in the distant past, and was formed from living things in the sea. Countless billions of minute sea creatures and plants lived and sank to the sea bed. They were covered with huge deposits of mud, and by processes

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of chemistry, pressure and temperature were changed through long ages into what we know as oil. For these creatures to become oil, it was necessary that they should be imprisoned between layers of rock for an enormous length of time. The statement that oil originated in the sea is confirmed by a glance at a map showing the chief oilfields of the world; very few of them are far distant from the oceans of today. In some places gas and oil come up to the surface of the sea from its bed. The rocks in which oil is found are of marine origin too. They are sedimentary rocks, rocks which were laid down by the action of water on the bed of the ocean. Almost always their remains of shells, and other proofs of sea life, are found close to the oil. A very common sedimentary rock is called shale, which is a soft rock and was obviously formed by being deposited on the sea bed. And where there is shale there is likely to be oil.

There are four main areas of the world where deposits of oil appear. The first is that of the Middle East, and includes the regions near the Caspian Sea, the Black Sea, the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf. Another is the area between North and South America, and the third, between Asia and Australia, includes the Islands of Sumatra, Borneo and Java.

The fourth area is the part near the North Pole. When all the present oil-fields are exhausted, it is possible that this cold region may become the scene of oil activity. Yet the difficulties will be great, and the costs may be so high that no company will undertake the work. If progress in using atomic power to drive machines is fast enough, it is possible that oil-driven engines may give place to the new kind of engine. In that case the demand for oil will fall, the oilfields will gradually disappear, and the deposits at the North Pole may rest where they are forever.

11. Mineral oil didn't become very important until _______. A) the internal combustion engine was invented B) the oil wells in Pennsylvania were developed C) American Indians began to collect and sell it D) oilfields were exhausted 12. Scientists think that _______.

A) coal was formed from shale under the surface of the earth

B) oil was formed from sea creatures caught between layers of rock C) oil was formed from large deposits of mud on the sea bed D) oil was formed from sea water by processes of chemistry, pressure and temperature

13. \ says this in order to show that ______. A) oil was first formed under sea B) shale is a sedimentary rock C) oil was made from shale

D) shale is another form of oil

14. The first three areas of oil deposits are mentioned in a single paragraph, whereas the fourth area is mentioned in a separate paragraph. This is because ______.

A) the fourth area has not been developed yet and may never be developed

B) the fourth area is a long way from North America C) its oilfields are already exhausted

D) the fourth area is a good place to develop atomic power

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15. Progress in using atomic power may _______. A) save all the trouble of drilling for oil B) give rise to a new kind of oil-driven engine C) reduce the cost of drilling near the North Pole D) make it necessary to drill near the North Pole Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage:

A very important world problem is the rapidly increasing pressure of population on land and on land resources.

It is not so much the actual population of the world but its rate of increase which is important. It works out to be about 1.6 per cent per annum net increase. In terms of numbers this means something like forty to fifty-five million additional people every year. Canada has a population of twenty million--rather less than six months' climb in world population. Take Australia. There are ten million people in Australia. So, it takes the world less than three months to add to itself a population which peoples that vast country. Let us take our own crowded country--England and Wales: forty-five to fifty million people--just about a year's supply. By this time tomorrow, and every day, there will be added to the earth about 120,000 extra people, just about the population of the city of York.

This enormous increase of population will create immense problems. By A.D. 2000, unless something desperate happens, there will be as many as 7,000,000,000 people on the surface of this earth! So this is a problem which you are going to see in your lifetime.

Why is this enormous increase in population taking place? It is really due to the spread of the knowledge and the practice of what is coming to be called Death Control. Death Control is something rather different from Birth Control. Death Control recognizes the work of the doctors and the nurses and the hospitals and the health services in keeping alive people who, a few years ago, would have died of some of the incredibly serious killing diseases, as they used to be. Squalid conditions, which we can remedy by an improved standard of living, caused a lot of disease and dirt. Medical examinations at school catch diseases early and ensure healthier school children. Scientists are at work stamping our malaria and other more deadly diseases. If you are seriously ill there is an ambulance to take you to a modern hospital. Medical care helps to keep people alive longer. We used to think seventy was a good age; now eighty, ninety, it may be, are coming to be recognized as a normal age for human beings. People are living longer because of this Death Control, and fewer children are dying, so the population of the world is shooting up. Imagine the position if you and I and everyone else living on earth shared the surface between us. How much should we have each? It would be just over twelve acres--the sort of size of a small holding. But not all that is useful land which is going to produce food. We can cut out one-fifth of it, for example, as being too cold. That is land which is covered with ice and snow--Antarctica and Greenland and the great frozen areas of northern Canada. Then we can cut out another fifth as being too dry--the great deserts of the world like the Sahara and the heart of Australia and other areas where there is no known water supply to feed crops and so to produce food. Then we can cut out another fifth as being too mountainous or with too great an elevation above sea level. Then we can cut out another tenth as land which has insufficient soil, probably just rock at the surface. Now, out of the twelve acres only about four are left as suitable for producing food.. But not all that is used. It includes land with enough soil and enough rainfall or water, and enough heat which, at present, we are not using, such as, for example, the great Amazon forests and the Congo forest and the grasslands of Africa. How much are we

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actually using? Only a little over one acre is what is required to support one human being on an average at the present time.

16. The world's population is increasing because _______.

A) the number of babies born every year is about 16 percent of the total population

B) the birth rate is about 1.6 percent higher than the death rate C) the birth rate is going up by 1.6 percent per annum

D) the death rate is going down by about 1.6 percent every year 17. The author mentions the different populations of Canada, Australia, and England and Wales in order to _______. A) show how small these countries are

B) show how quickly those countries are populated

C) emphasize the low rate of increase of world population D) emphasize the high rate of increase of world population

18. According to the passage which of the following is not the cause for death?

A) Poor living condition. B) Fatal diseases like malaria. C) Poor medical service. D) Less food to feed people. 19. By \ A) a rather different kind of Birth Control B) control of the world's population C) the prevention or cure of diseases D) the spread of knowledge in the world 20. From the passage we can conclude _______. A) the problem of land is not very serious

B) the problem of land can be solved by removing Death Control C) the problem of land should be solved by reducing the population D) there is still potential to tap in the use of land

Part II. Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes)

21. It has come ______ my knowledge that you have not been studying very hard.

A) through B) up with C) to D) up against 22. He has always gone ______ strange hobbies like collecting bottle-tops and inventing secret codes.

A) into B) by C) in for D) for

23. Marking and correcting learner's wrong use of a foreign language can not keep him ______ making mistakes.

A) in

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