2014年秋初中九年级英语教学案U-2

初中 九 年级 英语 教学案 执 笔 授课人 【课 题】 龚琴 审 核 授课时间 初三英语组 课 型 姓 名 听说课 课 时 学案编号 1 1 Unit 2 I think that mooncakes are deliciou Section A 1a-1c 教师复备栏或 学生笔记栏 【学习目标】 掌握生词lantern /l?nt? (r)n/ n. 灯笼 p.9 掌握短语What a great day! kind of like 掌握感叹句结构、直接引语和间接引语 【学习重点 难点】 掌握感叹句结构、直接引语和间接引语 【学法指导】 运用已有经验--听---说---听力训练—作业巩固 【教学过程】 一、 导入（启发探究 3分 你知道下面这4种节日的英语说法吗？试试吧！ 泼水节 龙舟节 春节 元宵节 有关这4种节日的来源、传说、习俗、饮食、文化、庆祝方式有哪些？你能说出一些吗？ 二、自学（自主探究 6分钟） 找出4种节日的英语，朗读并记忆，完成1 a 泼水节 Water Festival 龙舟节 the Dragon Boat Festival 春节 The Spring Festival 元宵节 the lantern Festival 三、交流（合作探究 10分钟） 听力训练，完成1b 1、 朗读1b句子，理解含义 2、 Listen and circle T for true or F for false. 3、 同桌核对答案 4、 听后填空 Mary: What a day! Bill: Yes, it was really fun ! Mary: What did you like best? Bill: I loved the ! They were really to watch. How fantastic the boat teams were! Mary: Yes! And look at the colors of the boats. How they were! Bill: I agree! But I guess it was a little too . Mary: I don‘t know…I kind of like to have more people around. It makes things exciting. Bill: That‘s true. Oh, and I really liked zongzi. Mary: Oh, me too! The sweet ones are my favorite. Bill: I if they‘ll have the races again next year. Mary: Of course! They have them every year. Bill: Then I believe that I‘ll be back again next year to watch the races! 【教学过程】 Mary: Me, too! 5、朗读听力材料，勾画短语 What a great day! kind of like It makes things more exciting be back again to + V 感叹句结构 感叹句是表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情的句子。一般说来，感叹句是由 what 或 how 开头的,其余与陈述句结构相同, 句末用感叹句，朗读时用降调。 由what引导的感叹句 what修饰名词或名词短语，有以下两种形式： 1. What+a(an)+（形容词）+单数可数名词+主语+谓语！如： What an apple this is! What a fine day it is! 2. What+(形容词）+可数名词复数或不可数名词+主语+谓语！ What kind women they are! What nice music it is! 由How引导的感叹句 how用来修饰形容词、副词或动词。其结构是：How+形容词（副词）+主语+谓语！ How hard the worker are working! How clever the girl is! How quickly the boy is writing! 6、给下列句子加上适当的主句Mary\\ Bill thinks guesses\\ believse让其成为宾语从句： They were really interesting to watch The colors of the boats were pretty It was a little too crowded. It makes things more exciting. They‘ll have the races again next year. I‘ll be back again next year to watch the races! 四、总结（引深探究 15分钟） 再次朗读1b句子，理解结构 直接引语和间接引语 引述别人的原话叫直接引语，用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。一这两种引语都是宾语从句，但直接引语放在引号内，不用连词连接；间接引语不用引号，通常用连接词与主句连接. 典型例句：1. She said ,‖ I like English very much. ― （直接引语） （她说：―我非常喜欢英语‖。） 典型例句：2. She said she liked English very much. （间接引语） （她说她非常喜欢英语。） 直接引语变间接引语（一） 人称变化 人称变化可以遵循如下顺口溜―一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新‖。

―一随主‖是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化 Eg：She said. ―My brother wants to go with me.‖ →She said her brother wanted to go with her. ―二随宾‖是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称，或被第二人―你‖所修饰，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称 Eg：He said to Kate，\ →He asked Kate how her sister was then. ―第三人称不更新‖是指直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化 Eg：Mr. Smith said，―Jack is a good worker.‖ →Mr. Smith said Jack was a good worker. 五、练评（包含―考点链接‖ 应用探究 6分钟） I 选填How What完成感叹句练习 ? 1. ____ great fun it is to swim! 2._________ useful book this is ! ? 3._____ a fine day it is today ! 4._______ hard work it is ! ? 5.______ bad weather it was yesterday! 6.______ hard job this is! ? 7.______ terrible news we heard last night ? 8.______ good time we have every weekend! ? 9.______ long the bridge is! 10.______ long bridge this is! ? 11. ______ happy children ! 12. ______ friendly these kids! ? 13. ______ interesting book he has! 14. ______ time flies! II 将下列直接引语变为间接引语。 1.Miss Gao said,“I like living here.” Miss Gao said that living . 2.He said,“I‘ll go tomorrow.” He said that he . 3.My mother said：“I am going to make dumplings”. __________________________. 4.She said：“I do homework every day.”____________________________________. 5.He said：“I will play basketball this night.‖ _________________________________. III 填空完成句子 1. 李明说他对玩电脑游戏感兴趣。 Li Ming says _______ _______ interested in playing computer games. 2. 我认为玛丽不回来了。 I don‘t think Mary ______ ______. 3. 山姆给我说他准备去上海。 Sam told me that he _______ _______ for Shanghai. 4. 请你告诉我去钟楼怎麽走吗？ Could you tell me _______ I can get to the Bell Tower? 5. 父亲说他买了一台新电脑。

Father said that he ________ ________ a new computer.. 【教学反思】 刘营初中 九 年级 英语 教学案 执 笔 授课人 【课 题】 龚琴 审 核 授课时间 初三英语组 课 型 姓 名 听说课 课 时 学案编号 1 2 Unit 2 I think that mooncakes are deliciou Section A 2a-2c 教师复备栏或 学生笔记栏 【学习目标】 掌握本页生词 stranger /streind?? (r)/ n. 陌生人 relative /rel?tiv/ n. 亲属；亲戚 掌握短语put on 增加（体重）；发胖 句子June would be a perfect time for you to visit. 【学习重点 难点】 继续学习宾语从句 【学法指导】 自学单词---听说句子----听力练习----巩固练习 【教学过程】 一、导入（启发探究 3分钟） 在假期中你去过哪儿？做了些什么？说出来与同学们分享一下。 Where have you been in this summer holiday? When did you go ? Why did you go there ? 二、自学（自主探究 6分钟） 拼读生词，记忆汉语 stranger /streind?? (r)/ n. 陌生人p.10 relative /rel?tiv/ n. 亲属；亲戚 p.10 put on 增加（体重）；发胖 p.10 pound /paund/ n. 磅（重量单位）；英镑p.10 生词学习 1、relative,relation,relations 2、put on 增加（体重），发胖 put on 穿上 put on weight put on ten kilos 3、pound n. 磅（重量单位）英镑（英国货币单位） 增加10磅 put on 10 pounds

【教学过程】 The apples cost one dollar a pound. 生词检测 ? I am new in this city , so I am a ___________. ? He often eats a lot,so he 20 pounds again. ? Jenny is the only in that big city. 三、交流（合作探究 10分钟） 完成2a\\2b并交流 ? Read the sentencs in 2a,try to know their meanings ? Listen to the conversation between Wu Ming and Harry and CIRCLE the correct words in the sentences. ? Listen again, Wu Ming did a lot of fun activities, but there were also downsides. Listen again and fill in the chart. ? Check the answers to 2a and 2b in pair. ? 再次仔细听磁带，填空 Harry: What did you do on your vacation, Wu Ming? Wu Ming: I visited my aunt and uncle in Hong Kong. Harry: Wow! So what did you do? Wu Ming: Well, we out a lot. I believe that we ate at least five meals a day! How delicious the food is! I‘ve put on five pounds! Harry: Haha! Yes, the food in Hong Kong i s delicious. What else did you do? Wu Ming: Shopping, of course. Hong Kong is a great place for shopping! I spent so much money. Harry: So what was the best of the trip? Wu Ming: Oh, the Dragon Boat Festival for . They had teams from all over the world! Harry: I‘m planning a to Hong Kong next year. I wonder whether June is a good time. Wu Ming: Yes, if you want to see the boat races. But it‘s hot in June. That‘s one thing I didn‘t like. Harry: Oh, I don‘t mind hot . Wu Ming: OK, then I think that June would be a perfect time for you to visit. ? 阅读听力材料，读记、翻译下列短语 eat out a lot at least five meals a day put on five pounds! What else did you do ? a great place for shopping! for sure a trip to+地点名词 That‘s one thing I didn‘t like June would be a perfect time for you to visit. 四、总结（引深探究 15分钟） 直接引语变为间接引语（二） ---时态变化

直接引语在改为间接引语时，时态需要做相应的调整。其基本法则和我们刚刚学过的宾语从句的时态变化一致，也就是说从句时态要和主句时态一致。如果从句是过去时，主句要向后退一格时态，变成一种过去时。 1. She said. ―I have lost a pen.‖ →She said she had lost a pen. 2. She said. ―We hope so.‖ →She said they hoped so. 3. She said,―He will go to see his friend。‖ →She said he would go to see his friend. (一般将来 → 过去将来) 但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。 ①直接引语是客观真理。 Eg： ―The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth‖, the teacher told me. → The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。 ②直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。 Eg：Jack said, ―John, where were you going when I met you in the street?‖ →Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street. ③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。 Eg： Xiao Wang said，―I was born on April 20, 1980.‖ →Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980. ④直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。 Eg：He said, ―I get up at six every morning.‖ →He said he gets up at six every morning. ⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to，had better，used to)和已经是 过去时的形式时，（例：could, should, would, might）不再变。 Eg：Peter said，―You had better come have today.‖ →Peter said I had better go there that day. 五、练评（包含―考点链接‖ 应用探究 6分钟） 将下列句子连接成宾语从句 1. These flowers are from Guangdong. He said. He said ___________ these flowers ______________ from Guangdong. 2. Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me. My teacher told me ___________ light _____________ faster than sound. 3. There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didn‘t know. Jack didn‘t know ________ there ________ _______ a meeting in five days. 4. Can they speak French? I want to know. I want to know _________ __________ ___________ ___________ French. 5. Are the children playing games? Tell me. Tell me __________ the children __________ __________ games. 6. Have you finished your homework yet? Mr. Zhao asked Ma Chao Mr. Zhao asked Ma Chao ______ ______ _____ ____ _____ homework yet.

7. How many people can you see in the picture? Who knows? Who knows ______ ______ _____ _____ _______ ________ in the picture? 8. Where did she park her car? Do you know? Do you know ___________ __________ _________ her car 【教学反思】

刘营初中 九 年级 英语 教学案 执 笔 授课人 【课 题】 龚琴 审 核 授课时间 初三英语组 课 型 姓 名 阅读课 课 时 学案编号 1 3 Unit 2 I think that mooncakes are deliciou Section A 3a-3c 教师复备栏或 学生笔记栏 【学习目标】 掌握生词 folk /f?ulk/ adj. 民间的；民俗的 p.11 steal /sti:l/ v. (stole /st?ul/, stolen /st?ul?n/) 偷；窃取p.11 admire /?dmai? (r)/ v. 欣赏；仰慕 p.11 掌握短语 lay out 摆开；布置 carry people‘s wishes to admire the moon share…with… 和…分享… 掌握宾语从句用法 了解“中秋节”的相关知识 【学习重点 难点】 重点：lay out 摆开；布置 carry people‘s wishes to admire the moon share…with… 和…分享… 重点难点：掌握宾语从句用法 【学法指导】 运用生活经历 回忆赏月吃月饼境况----谈论赏月吃月饼记忆---听读课文----朗读课文----理解课文--------知识点积累-------巩固练习 【教学过程】 一、 导入（启发探究 3分 回忆赏月吃月饼境况----谈论赏月吃月饼记忆 When is the Mid-Autumn Festival? How do people celebrate it? What delicious foood did people eat on this day in China? 二、自学（自主探究 6分钟） 拼读记忆生词、意思 folk /f?ulk/ adj. 民间的；民俗的 p.11 goddess /g?des/, /gA:d@s/ n. 女神 p.11 steal /sti:l/ v. (stole /st?ul/, stolen /st?ul?n/) 偷；窃取p.11 lay /lei/ v. (laid /leid/, laid)放置；安放；产（卵）；下（蛋）p.11

【教学过程】 lay out 摆开；布置 p.11 dessert /di‘z?:(r)t/ n（饭后）甜点；甜食 p.11 garden /ga:(r)dn/ n. 花园；园子 p.11 admire /?dmai? (r)/ v. 欣赏；仰慕 p.11 学习、运用生词 1、folk adj. 民间的，民俗的 a folk story 民间故事 eg. Do you like listening to ________________? 2、god n. 神 goddess n. 女神 (复数-- +es) 女服务员waitress 女演员actress 3、steal — stole – stolen v. 偷，窃取 steal…sth from…sb steal…sb sth 4、 lay v. 放置，安放；产（卵），下（蛋） lay out 摆开，布置 lay (out) the coat on the bed lay eggs 下蛋，产卵 Hens lay eggs . 5、admire v. 欣赏，仰慕 admire sb. admire sb for … 单词听写 在文中找出下列动词，并写出动词的形式 、 、 been shot 、 gave 、 drank steal 、 、 became 、found laid 勾画并记忆短语 Full moon,full feelings圆圆的月亮，饱满的感情 celebrate Mid-Autumn Festival庆祝中秋节 .for centuries 几个世纪 .the shape of… …的形状 .a full moon 满月 on mid-autumn night 在中秋之夜 carry people‘s wishes to…寄托人们对…的祝福 . traditional folk stories传统的民间故事 the most touching 最令人感动的 . shoot down 射下，击落 . 仙丹 live forever 长生不老 . steal…from… 从…偷 . lay eggs 下蛋 admire sb. for…因…而佩服某人 .as a result 结果refuse to do sth 拒绝做某事 fly up to… 飞向… .call out one‘s name大声呼喊…的名字 lay out 摆开，布置the tradition of… …的传统 admire the moon 赏月 . share…with… 和…分享… 朗读并翻译课文 三、交流（合作探究 10分钟） 完成3a课文学习并交流 1、快速阅读课文，完成3a任务并交流意见 2、听读课文，纠正发音，模仿语音语调、句群停顿 3、仔细阅读课文，完成3b任务并核对答案 4、默读课文第1段，回答问题: How long have people celebrated Mid-Autumn Festival ?

Does we celebrate it during the day or at night? 5、默读课文第2段，判断正误： ( )There is only one traditional folk story about Mid-Autumn Festival. ( )A goddess gave Hou Yi magic medicine beforer he shot down the nine suns ( ) Chang‘e refused to give the medicine to Hou Yi and drank it all ( ) One night, Feng Meng found that the moon was so bright and round that he could see his wife there. ( ) Chang‘e quickly laid out her favorite fruits and desserts in the garden. 6、Mind -map朗读课文，填写课文思维导图 Title Nationality Time What to do Who Who What A husband Wife Hou Yi got from a because he nine suns. Chang‘e it all because wanted to steal it. Chang‘e became and Hou Yi in the garden because he always prepared well for of Chang‘e. Hou Yi and Chang‘e ever since. Celebration Name (it is also called Mid–autunmn Day ) Legend Development As a result Wish 7、朗读课文努力记住课文内容，不看书完成3c任务 四、总结（引深探究 15分钟） 直接引语变间接引语(三) 句型变化 句型：

①直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。 Eg：She said, ―Our bus will arrive in five minutes.‖ →She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes. ②直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句 Eg：He said, ―Can you swim, John?‖ →He asked John if he could swim. ―You have finished the homework, haven?t you?‖ my mother asked. → My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework. ―Do you go to school by bus or by bike?‖ → He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike. ③直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。 Eg：She asked me, ―When do they have their dinner?‖ → She asked me when they had their dinner. ④直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为―tell(ask, order, beg等)sb.(not) to do sth.‖句型。 Eg：―Don‘t make any noise,‖ she said to the children. → She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise. ―Bring me a cup of tea, please,‖ said she. → She asked him to bring her a cup of tea. ⑤直接引语如果是以―Let?s‖开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用―suggest +动名词（或从句）。‖ Eg：He said, ― Let‘s go to the film.‖ → He suggested going to the film. → He suggested that they should go to see the film. 五、练评（包含―考点链接‖ 应用探究 6分钟） 1 The girls asked if they _______ some food and drink with them. A. took B. take C. takes D. will take 2 Kate said that she ____ to Guangzhou. A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been 3 the students want to know whether they______ dictation today. A. had B. has. C. will have D. are 4 She asked Linda if________ go and get some. A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may 5 Linda said the moon_________ round the earth. A. travelled B. has travelled C. travells D. had travelled 6. Can you tell me________ you were born, Betty? A. who B. what C. when D. that 7. I don't know _________ they have passed the exam.

A. what B. if C. when D. where 8. I hardly understand.________ he has told me. A. that B. what C. which D. who 9. She didn't know_______ back soon. A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be 10. I don't know _______ he still lives here after so many years. A. whether B where C. what D. when 【教学反思】

刘营初中 九 年级 英语 教学案 执 笔 授课人 【课 题】 龚琴 审 核 授课时间 初三英语组 课 型 姓 名 语法课 课 时 学案编号 1 4 Unit 2 I think that mooncakes are deliciou Section A 2d 4a-4c 教师复备栏或 学生笔记栏 【学习目标】 掌握生词tie /tai/ n. 领带 v. 捆；束 p.12 掌握短语in two weeks throw water at each other. 背诵2 d对话 【学习重点 难点】 继续学习宾语从句 复习感叹句 【学法指导】 朗读句子---体会---完成练习---写看法 【教学过程】 一、导入（启发探究 3分钟） 朗读句子，体会宾语从句用法 Do you know that there are two special days for parents in America ? I heared that it is becoming more and more popular to celebrate Mothers‘ Day and Fathers‘ Day in China . I wonder if children over there also give similar gifts to their parents. I believe that there are many ways to show our love. 二、自学（自主探究 6分钟） 自学2d对话 1、 听读2d材料，完成任务

【教学过程】 2、 朗读2d材料，掌握大意 3、 勾画2d短语 in two weeks April is the hottest month of the year water festival similar to the Dai people throw water at each other. a time for cleaning and washing away bad things good luck 4、 角色对话 5、 背诵2d对话 三、交流（合作探究 10分钟） 1、同桌轮流朗读、理解语法句子 I know that the Water Festival is really fun . I wonder if they‘ll have the races again next year. I wonder whether June is a good time to visit Hong Kong I believe that April is the hottest month of the year there. What fun the ater Festival is! How fantastic the dragon boat teams were! How pretty the dragon boats were! How delicious the food is in Hong Kong! 2、完成4a任务并交流 3、完成4b任务并交流：找出短文中的宾语从句 勾画短语 . on the second Sunday of May 在五月的第二个星期日 .Mother‘s Day 母亲节 .more and more popular越来越受欢迎 5、用简单句写写你最喜欢的节日 What‘s your favouite festival? What does it carry wishes to people ? Why do you like it best ? What can you eat on that day? What can you do on that day ? 四、总结（引深探究 15分钟） 宾语从句 在复合句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句，宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可做介词的宾语。 eg, He said he was good at drawing. (动词宾语) He asks him how long Mike has been down . (动词宾语) Miss Zhang is angry at what you said. (介词宾语) 宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。

根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。 1. 由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语 和非正式文体中可以省略。例如： He said (that) he wanted to stay at home. She doesn‘t know (that) she is seriously ill. I am sure (that) he will succeed. 2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如： Do you know who (whom) they are waiting foe? He asked whose handwriting was the best. Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is? I don‘t know why the train is late. 3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如： I want to know if (whether) he lives there. He asked me whether (if) I could help him. （二）宾语从句的语序 宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如： I hear (that) physics isn‘t easy. I think (that) you will like this school soon. Can you tell me how I can get to zoo? Please tell me when we‘ll have the meeting. （三）宾语从句的时态 1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。 如： I don‘t think (that) you are right. Please tell us where he is. Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station? 2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如： He asked what time it was. He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet. He asked if you had written to Peter. He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon. 3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。例如： Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year. Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun. 五、练评（包含―考点链接‖ 应用探究 6分钟） 用所给动词的正确形式填空。 1. We are sure that he ________ (go) to school tomorrow. 2. Do you know who ______ (be) the first man to walk on the moon? 3. Could you tell me where the post office ______ (is)?

4. Our father said that he _______ (will) buy a new computer. 5. I hear that he _______ (swim) in the sea yesterday. 6. The little boy tells us where his father _______ (work). 7. He said that he _________ (finish) his work already. 8. They thought they could _______ (hike) to the top of the mountain. 9. He was glad that so many people _____ (help) him. 10. She doesn‘t know whether ________ (go) or wait. 用合适的连接词填空。 1. Jim told me ____ he didn't go fishing yesterday afternoon.（how, why） 2. Do you know ______ else is going to be on duty today？（who, whom） 3. She said _____ it wouldn't matter much.（that, if）4. He always thinks ______ he can do better.（how, who） 5. I really don't know ____ the bridge will be finished.（how long, how soon） 6. They don't know _______ to go or wait. (if, whether) 7. We are talking about ______ we‘ll go back tomorrow. (whether, if) 8. I was really surprised at ______ I saw. (where, what) 9. I don't know ____ so many people are looking at him. (how, why) 10. Do you know ______ you are studying for? (why, what) 【教学反思】 刘营初中 九 年级 英语 教学案 执 笔 授课人 【课 题】 龚琴 审 核 授课时间 初三英语组 课 型 姓 名 听写课 课 时 学案编号 1 5 Unit 2 I think that mooncakes are deliciou Section B 1a-1d 教师复备栏或 学生笔记栏 【学习目标】 掌握本课生词 掌握本课短语 了解西方国家halloween的相关知识 【学习重点 难点】 顺利完成听力练习1b 1c 【学法指导】 了解西方国家halloween背景---学习生词---听力训练—阅读听力材料— 巩固练习

【教学过程】 【教学过程】 一、 导入（启发探究 3分钟） 万圣节由来 关于万圣节由来的传说有许多版本，最普遍的认为，那是源于基督诞生前的古西欧国家，主要包括爱尔兰、苏格兰和威尔士，这几处的古西欧人叫德鲁伊特人。德鲁伊特的新年在十一月一日，新年前夜，德鲁伊特人让年轻人集队，戴着各种怪异面具，拎着刻好的萝卜灯（南瓜灯系后期习俗，古西欧最早没有南瓜），他们游走于村落间。这在当时实则为一种秋收的庆典；也有说是―鬼节‖，传说当年死去的人，灵魂会在万圣节的前夜造访人世，据说人们应该让造访的鬼魂看到圆满的收成并对鬼魂呈现出丰盛的款待。所有篝火及灯火，一来为了吓走鬼魂，同时也为鬼魂照亮路线，引导其回归。这也就是为什么现在的万圣节里，还留有巫婆的扫帚、黑猫、咒语等痕迹。 二、自学（自主探究 6分钟） 拼读单词，记忆含义 haunted /h?:ntid/ a. 有鬼魂出没的；闹鬼的p.13 ghost /g?ust/ n. 鬼；鬼魂 p.13 trick /trik/ n. 花招；把戏 p.13 treat /tri:t/ n. 款待；招待v. 招待；请客 p.13 spider /spaid?r)/ n. 蜘蛛 p.13 单词学习与运用 1. haunted adj. 有鬼魂出没的，闹鬼的haunt v. （鬼） 出没 一个鬼屋a haunted house 2. trick n. 花招，把戏 play a trick on sb = play tricks on sb.捉弄某人 3. treat n. 款待，招待 trick or treat 不请吃就捣蛋 This is my treat.这次由我请客。 v. 招待，请客 treat sb. treat sb well/ nicely/ badly treat sb. as… 把…当做… treat sb to sth. 请某人吃… 三、交流（合作探究 10分钟）1d 完成1a任务并交流 朗读单词，通晓词义 运用这些单词试着讲一讲halloween的相关知识 Halloween is a popular festival in western contries.it‘s in October.It‘s a scary festival. Many people turn off the lights and light candles. They sometimes also put things like spiders and ghosts around the doors and windows. It is called a haunted house.Little kids dress up as ghosts or black cats. Kids often say ―Trick or treat!‖ at every house. 完成1b 1c听力任务并交流

听一遍，体会气氛并填空 Wu Yu: Hey Jane, what do you know about Halloween? Jane: Oh, it‘s a festival in North America. Wu Yu: We don‘t really celebrate it in China. I know that it‘s in October, ? Jane: Yes, October 31st. It‘s a festival, but I think it‘s fun! Wu Yu: What do people do on that day? Jane: Many people make their houses look scary. They may the lights and light candles. They sometimes also put things like and around the doors and windows. Wu Yu: Wow, that sounds quite scary! Jane: It‘s not that bad. Even little kids as ghosts or black cats. They can also dress up as fun things like cartoon characters. Some parents join in the fun by dressing up, too! Wu Yu: Do parents take their children around the neighborhood to ask for and ? Jane: Yeah. Kids say ―Trick or treat!‖ at every house. This means that if you don‘t give them a treat, they‘ll a trick on you! Wu Yu: It sounds like a really fun festival! I if it‘ll ever become popular in China. 再听一遍，回答1b问题 再听一遍，完成1c填空 朗读听力材料，勾画短语，翻译并背诵短语 a popular festival It‘s a scary festival, on that day make their houses look scary. turn off the lights and light candles. put things like spiders and ghosts around the doors and windows. dress up as ghosts or black cats. dress up as fun things like join in the fun by dressing up, take their children around the neighborhood ask for candies and treats ―Trick or treat!‖ play a trick on 四、总结（引深探究 15分钟） 宾语从句的转化 1.当主句谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如： She agreed that she could help me with my maths. →She agreed to help me with my maths. 2.当主句的谓语动词是know, learn, forget, remember, decide等后面带特殊疑问句转化的宾语时，主从句的主语也须一致这时从句可以简化成―疑问词＋不定式结构‖。例如： I don't know which sweater I should buy.→I don't know which sweater to buy. 3.当主句的谓语动词是ask，tell, show, teach等后面带双宾语时，从句的

主语和间接宾语一致，且从句是由特殊疑问句转化来时，从句可以转化成―疑问词＋不定式结构‖,或者在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为―连接代词/副词＋不定式‖结构。如：→Could you tell me how to get to the park? 4. 当主句谓语动词是find，see，watch，hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为―宾语＋宾补‖结构，宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。如： She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. →She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground. 注意：宾语从句小口诀： 宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词；主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制； 主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时； 陈述句转化that引，一般疑问句用if/whether, 特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。 五、练评（包含―考点链接‖ 应用探究 6分钟） 一、选择题 1．I don't know _________ the day after tomorrow． A．when does he come B．how will he come C．if he comes D．whether he'll come 2．Could you tell me _________ the nearest hospital is？ A．what B．how C．whether D．where 3．Could you tell me _________ the radio without any help？ A．how did he mend B．what did he mend C．how he mended D．what he mended 4．I want to know _________ ． A．whom is she looking after B．whom she is looking C．whom is she looking D．whom she is looking after 5．Do you know where _________ now？ A．he lives B．does he live C．he lived D．did he live 6．Do you know what time _________ ？ A．the train leave B．does the train leave C．will the train leave D．the train leaves 7. He said ________ she would leave the message on the headmaster's desk. A. that B. where C. which D. what 8. A: Could you tell me ________? B: I'm not sure. A. how many people have been out of hospital B. when is Thanksgiving Day C. which animal does he like best D. what time will the dolphin show start 【教学反思】

刘营初中 九 年级 英语 教学案 执 笔 授课人 【课 题】 龚琴 审 核 授课时间 初三英语组 课 型 姓 名 阅读课 课 时 学案编号 1 6 Unit 2 I think that mooncakes are deliciou Section B 2a-2e 教师复备栏或 学生笔记栏 【学习掌握本课生词 Christmas punish warn novel business spread 目标】 掌握本课短语the spirit of a novel written by… punish sb. for sth/doing sth warn sb to sth. a mean person 了解圣诞节的相关知识 【学习理解本课内容 重点 继续学习运用宾语从句 难点】 【学法了解背景—自学单词---听读课文----快速阅读----仔细阅读---理解课文---知识点积指导】 累---巩固练习 【教学过程】 一、 导入（启发探究 3分钟） 你能用英语说出多少个节日名称？他们的庆祝时间是哪天？完成2a 二、自学（自主探究 6分钟） 自学生词（拼读、记忆汉语、抽读、听读纠正发音、听写） Christmas /krism?s/n. 圣诞节 p.14 fool /fu:l/ n. 蠢人；傻瓜 v. 愚弄adj. 愚蠢的p.14 lie /laI/ v. (lay /leI/, lain /leIn/)平躺；处于 p.14 novel /n?vl/, /na:vl/ n.（长篇）小说 p.14 eve /i:v/ n（尤指宗教节假日的）前夕；前夜 p.14 bookstore /bukst?:(r)/ n. 书店 p.17 dead /ded/ adj. 死的；失去生命的 p.14 business /bizn?s/ n. 生意；商业 p.14 punish /p?nis/ v. 处罚；惩罚 p.14 warn /w?:(r)n/ v. 警告；告诫 p.14 present /preznt/ n. 现在；礼物adj. 现在的 p.14 nobody /n?ub?di/, /n?uba:di/ pron. 没有人 p.14 warmth /w?:(r)mθ/ n. 温暖；暖和 p.14 spread /spred/ v. 传播；展开 n. 蔓延；传播 p.14 勾画短语，记忆含义 the spirit of … …的精神 the best example 最好的例子 . a novel written by… 由…写的小说 . treat sb. nicely/well/badly对某人好/好/坏 .care about 关心，在乎 .make money 挣钱 . Christmas Eve 圣诞前夕 . his dead business partner 他死去的生意伙伴

【教学过程】 be punished 被惩罚 .punish sb. for sth/doing sth 因…惩罚某人 . warn sb to sth.告诫/警告某人做某事 . end up 结束，告终 end up with 以…结束 . end up doing 结束做某事 . give birth to 生（孩子），生育，产生 . Not only…but also 不仅…而且… . often—more often—most often . promise to do sth. 承诺/答应做某事 .a mean person 一个吝啬的人 . treat sb with kindness and warmth 用善良和热情待人 . tell a lie 撒谎 . prepare well for a test为考试做充分准备 朗读课文，翻译课文 三、交流（合作探究 10分钟） 学习2b课文 ? 快速阅读课文，回答2b问题 ? 听读课文，纠正发音，体会语音语调、句群停顿 ? 运用阅读策略inferring，理解课文，判断句子正误 （ ）We probably think of gifts, Christmas trees and Santa Claus when we think of Christmas ( ) The true meaning of Christmas is giving people around us some gifts they are in need. ( ) A Christmas Carol is a famous long novel written by Charles Dickens. ( ) Scrooge has ever laughs or smiles. ( ) Scrooge used to be just like Marley. ( ) Scrooge is too scared to wake up in his bed and finds out it is only the next morning– Christmas Day! ( ) Scrooge changed his life and became a better person at last. ( ) The true spirit of Christmas is sharing and giving love and joy to people around us ? 仔细阅读、理解课文，完成2c、2 d任务 ? 默读课文，努力记住课文内容，不看书完成2e任务 四、总结（引深探究 15分钟） 学习与运用生词 1、Christmas n. 圣诞节 圣诞树Christmas tree 圣诞老人Father Christmas / Santa Claus 圣诞长袜Christmas socks 圣诞颂歌Christmas Carol 圣诞前夕/ 夜Christmas eve 圣诞礼物Christmas gifts 2、fool n. 蠢人，傻瓜 v. 愚弄adj. 愚蠢的 foolish adj. 笨的，愚蠢的 April Fool‘s Day 愚人节 April fool 愚人节的傻瓜 He is not a fool. What a fool he is!

3、 单词 lie lay lie 4、 die dead death dying v. died过去式 adj. n. adj. 也是现在分词 死，死亡 死的， 失去生命的 死，死亡 快要死的 词性 v. v. n. 汉意 躺，位于 说谎 放置，下蛋 谎言 过去式 lay lied laid 过去分词 lain lied laid 现在分词 lying lying laying tell a lie = tell lies 撒谎 5、business n. 生意，商业 busy adj. 繁忙的 businessman n. 商人 → businessmen （复数） 常用短语： on business 因公出差 business hour 营业时间 6、punish v. 处罚，惩罚 punish sb. for sth. punish sb. for doing sth. be punished 被惩罚 Eg. He punished the boy for _________ (copy) homework. 7、warn v. 警戒，告诫 warn sb to do sth. 警告某人做某事 warn sb not to do sth. warn sb. about sth. 提醒某人注意 eg. 这位老师经常警告我们不要抄袭作业。 The teacher often _______ us _____ ______________ homework. 8、present n. 现在，礼物 adj. 现在的 present 同义词 gift at present 目前，现在 9. warmth n. 温暖，暖和 warm adj. 温暖的 eg.她现在用温暖和善良对待每一个人。 She now treats everyone with ___________ and kindness. 10、spread v. 传播，展开 n. 蔓延，传播 Father Christmas spreads love and joy everywhere he goes. 圣诞老人把爱和快乐传播给他去的每个地方。 五、练评（包含―考点链接‖ 应用探究 6分钟） 用所给动词的适当形式完成短文 I‘ve 86 (be) here in Beijing for half a year now. Beijing is in the north of China, so it 87 (be) quite cold in winter. It has just 88 (snow) twice here.I‘m going to have the first “White Christmas” in my life! It’s hard to believe, isn‘t it ? So warm in Australia and so cold here? Thank you for the wonderful stamps! I‘ve collected over 300 Chinese stamps since I 89 (come) here.

I 90 (send) some Monkey King stamps to you. I think you will like them. I 91 (not like) swimming. Instead, I‘m learning to skate on real ice! I‘ve had so many falls that I‘m black and blue all over. But I 92 (learn) fast.I have to 93 (finish)the letter now. Ask Uncle John and Aunt Alice 94 (bring) you, too, when they come in August, We 95 (have) a good time together then. 【教学反思】

刘营初中 九 年级 英语 教学案 执 笔 授课人 【课 题】 龚琴 审 核 授课时间 初三英语组 课 型 姓 名 写作课 课 时 学案编号 1 7 Unit 2 I think that mooncakes are deliciou Section B 3a-3c 教师复备栏或 学生笔记栏 【学习目标】 了解中国传统节日 用宾语从句描述自己最喜欢的节日 【学习重点 难点】 用宾语从句描述自己最喜欢的节日 【学法指导】 内容提示---文体提示---句型提示---段落提示----写作 【教学过程】 一、导入（启发探究 3分钟） 你了解中国的传统节日吗？他们是如何庆祝的？包含有哪些美好的愿望？ 试着谈一谈你所了解的中国节日。 读一读下面的短文—元宵节，提炼节日介绍的思路 二、自学（自主探究 6分钟） 中国传统佳节---元宵节 Lantern Festival falls on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month. This is the first full moon of the new year, symbolizing unity and perfection.

【教学过程】 Lantern Festival is an important part of Spring Festival , and marks the official end of the long holiday. According to one legend, once in ancient times, a celestial swan came into the mortal world where it was shot down by a hunter. The Jade Emperor, the highest god in Heaven, vowed to avenge the swan. He started making plans to send a troop of celestial soldiers and generals to Earth on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month, with orders to incinerate all humans and animals. But the other celestial beings disagreed with this course of action, and risked their lives to warn the people of Earth. As a result, before and after the fifteenth day of the first month, every family hung red lanterns outside their doors and set off firecrackers and fireworks, giving the impression that their homes were already burning.By successfully tricking the Jade Emperor in this way, humanity was saved from extermination. Eating yuanxiao (sweet dumplings made with glutinous rice flour) is one of the special traditions of Lantern Festival. Lantern Festival is also called Yuanxiao Festival. Another name for yuanxiao is tangyuan, which literally means \1.When is Lantern Festival?_________________________________ 2.What does Lantern Festival represents?_______________________ 3.Who shot down the swan?_________________________________ 4.How did people save themselves?____________________ 5.What is one of the special traditions of Lantern Festival? ___________________ 三、交流（合作探究 10分钟） 读了上一篇文章，我们了解了节日介绍的相关内容。现在我们来写一写自己最喜欢的节日。 ----内容提示3a What‘s the name of the festival? Spring Festival When is it ? the last lunar month What do people eat ? 年夜饭 the dinner on New Year's Eve What do people do ? 拜年pay New Year visits 压岁钱 gift money Why do you like it so much ? a symbol of,health,and happniess ---文体提示3b Write a letter to your penpal and tell him\\her about your favorite Chinese festival. Dear … ---简单句句型提示3b My favorite Chinese festival is... It is celebrated in…. During this festival,people… They eat … It is my favorite Chinese festival because…. It makes me feel… -----宾语从句句型提示

I think my favorite Chinese festival is... We all know it is celebrated in…. During this festival, it is said that people… It is well known that they eat … I am sure it is my favorite Chinese festival because…. I believe it makes me feel… ---段落提示3b First ,introduce the festival and when it is celebrated Then talk about what people do and eat Finally ,explain why you like it best and how it makes you feel. ----写作 四、总结（引深探究 15分钟） 本单元节日总结及习俗介绍 ( )51.It's on the fourth Thursday of November. And it is also a time for tradition and sharing. Even if they live far away, family members gather for a reunion at the house of an older relative. All give thanks together or the good things that they have. ( )52.This festival usually lasts for three days. On the third day, all the people will pour water with good wishes to each other, dance, or take part in other activities. ( )53.It's also called Double Fifth Festival, is celebrated on the fifth day of the fifth moon of the lunar calendar. It is one of the most important Chinese festivals. ( )54.It is a very important Chinese festival. There will be a big family dinner. People who work far away from home will try to come back. At night, people can enjoy the moon while eating moon cakes. They are the special food for this festival. ( )55.On this day, people show love for their teachers, students usually give their teachers carnations or some other gifts. A. The Mid-Autumn Day B. The Dragon Boat Festival C. Teachers' Day D. The Water-pouring Festival E. Thanksgiving Day 五、练评（包含―考点链接‖ 应用探究 6分钟） .语法练习：单项选择 ( )1. I don't know__________they have passed the exam. A. what B. if C. when D. where ( )2. I hardly understand.__________he has told me. A. that B. what C. which D. who ( )3. I don't know__________he still lives here after so many years.

A. whether B where C. what D.when ( )4.The boy asked__________any noise from outside. A. whether had I heard B. whether I had heard C. whether I have heard D. whether I heard ( )5. Do you know who __________with at eight yesterday ? A. he is talking B. was he talking C. he was talking D. is he talking ( )6. Could you tell us__________? A. if your father does B. what does your father do C. your father does what D. what your father does ( )7. You must remember __________. A. what your mother said B. what did your mother say C. your mother said what D. what has your mother said ( )8. Sue told me that she ______ shopping with her sister the next day. A. will go B. would go C. goes D. has gone 知识点复习练习 ( )1.Each pen ___________ a pyramid, with the point as its tip. A.is the shape of B.be in the shape of C.is in the shape of D.in the shape of ( )2.He didn't want to ___________ more weight. A.put off B.put up C.put down D.put on ( )3.The __________house on the hill brooded above the village. A.gloomy B.horrific C.lonely D.haunted ( )4.__________ is not seen as an essential part of the meal, but as something extra. A.Breakfast B.Food C.Dessert D.Soup ( )5.Nobody dares to play trick __________ him. A.at B.with C.in D.on ( )6.We often read in _____ how a seemingly respectable person or family has some terrible secret which has been concealed from strangers for years. A.book B.article C.story D.novels ( )7.The disease was __________ in the small town. A spreaded B.spread C.spreading spreads .完形填空 各地新年习俗 People all over the world celebrate the new year. However, not all countries celebrate in the same way, and in some countries, the new year doesn‘t begin on the 41 date very year. In many countries, the new year begins on 1st January, but people start celebrating on 31st December, New Year‘s Eve. In New York many people go to celebrate in Times Square. 42 they‘re waiting for the New Year, they listen to music, sing traditional songs and have fun. Just before 12 o‘clock, everyone 43 down from 10: 10, 9, 8? As soon as it’s 12 o’clock, everyone shouts very 44 , “Happy New Year!” New Year‘s Day is often a family day. Some families get together for a

special meal. When the weather is fine, many families go out for a 45 . On New Year‘s Day, many people make resolutions for the new year. They 46 a list of things, such as “I will help out more with housework. I will work 47 at school than others.” or “I won‘t spend so much time playing video games.” When they have made 48 list, they read it to their family or friends and promise to 49 their resolutions. So it doesn‘t matter how they celebrate, 50 people in countries all over the world, it‘s a time to say goodbye to the old year, and to welcome the new. 41. A. familiar B. same C. important D. normal 42. A. If B. Even though C. While D. Before 43. A. comes B. turn C. looks D. counts 44. A. loudly B. quietly C. sadly D. safely 45. A. walk B. secret C. job D. treatment 46. A. put on B. write down C. take away D. look after 47. A. quickly B. hard C. harder D. hardly 48. A. its B. his C. her D. their 49. A. follow B. make C. do D. give 50. A. by B. for C. with D. from 【教学反思】 刘营初中 九 年级 英语 教学案 执 笔 授课人 【课 题】 龚琴 审 核 授课时间 初三英语组 课 型 姓 名 单元 复习课 课 时 学案编号 1 8 Unit 2 I think that mooncakes are deliciou Section B selfcheck 教师复备栏或 学生笔记栏 【学习目标】 Unit 2 单词、短语、句型、语法复习与练习 了解复活节的相关知识 【学习重点 难点】 正确使用宾语从句；正确运用感叹句

【学法指导】 正确使用宾语从句；正确运用感叹句 【教学过程】 【教学过程】 一、 导入（启发探究 3分钟） 阅读单词、记忆含义 .根据句意及首字母提示完成句子 1.They folded the b_________after only two month and with great loss. 2.A wide stretch of land s_______________ in front of us. 3.Of one accord, they went out of their room to enjoy the w_____ of the sun. 4.The box is about 100 p_______________. I don‘t think you can carry it. 5.People in China always eat m_______________ at Mid-Autumn Festival. 6.He felt a grow of pride as people a_______________ his new car 7.Mary‘s purse has been s_______________ on the bus. 8.The teacher w_______________ us to finish the homework on time. 9.He quickly laid out her favorite fruits and d_________ in the garden. 10.Eric wears a striped silk t_______________.He looks very handsome. .用所给词的适当形式填空 11.He was _______________(lay) his backpack when his mother came in. 12.The girl refuses ________________(go) home now. 13.I enjoy _______________(read) articles by Lu Xun. 14.She is the new here. She is a _______________(strange) to everyone. 15._______________(luck), we arrived there on time. 16.I can‘t help _______________(laugh). 17.Linda said the moon_______________(travel) round the earth. 18.Catherine said that she _______________(go) to Guangzhou. 19.Some readers might be put off by the ________________(folk) style of these discussions. We laugh at their _______________ (fool) yet we also empathize with the burdens they bear. 二、自学（自主探究 6分钟） 了解复活节的相关知识 完成selfcheck 1 核对答案 短文填空（万圣节） shoe，he，have，happy，for，outside，hear，what，sad，feel，so，which It was Christmas Day.Tina was alone in the great city house.Her parents went to the hospital because their oldest boy was ill. \，she 96 music in the street. She ran to the window and saw a little boy 97 .He was singing and beating a drum.Tina saw that he wore no 98 . \The little boy smiled，but she couldn't hear 99 he said.So she told him to come in. He was a little nervous，but the carpet (地毯) felt warm to 100 poor feet.He told Tina that his name was Guido.And he was very poor， 101 poor that he had to go singing from house to house for some money to buy his dinner. \，and I am 102 a sad Christmas.But I'll try to make it nice 103 you，\her.Then they had a big dinner. Guido was very happy. That night，Tina told her mother， \ 104 sad and lonely，find somebody 105 and lonelier than yourself and cheer them up.It will make you feel all right. \ 三、交流（合作探究 10分钟） 复习感叹句的相关知识 完成完成selfcheck 2 核对答案 将下列句子改为感叹句 1. Tom is a clever boy. What__________________! How_______________________ ! 2.The flower is beautiful. What_________________! How__________________ ! 3.The book is very interesting. What_______________! How_________________ ! 4.The weather is sunny. What__________________! How__________________ ! 5.The work is very hard. What____________________! How____________________ ! 四、总结（引深探究 15分钟） 复习宾语从句相关知识 完成完成selfcheck 3 在小组内朗读自己的句子 ( )1. I ________ he ________ go there by himself. A. think; won‘t B. don‘t think; will C. don‘t think; is D. think; isn‘t going to ( )2. Lana said that she wasn't mad _________ Marcia anymore. A. to B. at C. for D. on ( )3. Do you think _________ an English film tomorrow night? A. is there B. there is going to be C. there is going to have D. will there be ( )4. You are _________ to return the book to the library in two weeks. A. supposed B. wanted C. shouted D. thought ( )5. I am always _________ to speak in the front of the classroom. A. disappointing B. scared C. surprised D. nervous ( )6. Do you think it is difficult _________?

A. study English well B. studies English well C. studying English well D. to study English well ( )7. She told us things there were ________ better than before. A. more B. much C. very D. nice ( )8. I don't think it's good to copy other's homework. You should _________ it. A. get over B. get on C. get up D. get off 五、练评（包含―考点链接‖ 应用探究 6分钟） 补全对话 A: Hello, Tim! B: Hello, Alice! Come in and have a seat. 36 A: Thank you. I‘m coming to say goodbye to you. 37 B: Really?What is the purpose of your visit? A: I‘m going to an English Summer Camp there. B: What will you do at camp? A: 38 B: I am sure you will speak English much better. How long will you stay there? A: About ten days. B: 39 A:Sounds great.What places do you think I should visit? B: The Summer Palace, the Great Wall and some other interesting places. All of them are well worth visiting. A: Wonderful! But I don’t know how I can get to these places. B: Don’t worry. 40 By the way, don’t forget to buy a map of Beijing. A: Thank you for your advice. B:You‘re welcome. Enjoy yourself. Bye! 【教学反思】 A.How about visiting some places of interest in your spare time? B. The tourist bus can take you anywhere. C. I will practice my spoken English in a new way. D. See you later. E. Make yourself at home. F. I’m going to Beijing tomorrow. G. I’m going to have a rest in Nanjing.

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